Progress and Change Comes to Georgia: 1800-18601.) Invention of the COTTON GIN:• Was invented in 1793 by Eli Whitney

while in Savannah (Mulberry Grove Plantation)

• He was asked to invent a machine that would speed up the work of removing cotton seeds, and within weeks, a model, was developed that used wire teeth to remove seed

• Before invention, 6-7 pounds of seed could be separated a day by hand; after invention, 50 pounds of cotton could have seeds removed from it.

• Planters ripped off Whitney’s gin and made copies of it before Whitney could obtain a patent. Therefore, Whitney did not make the fortune he should have from his invention.

Progress and Change Comes to Georgia: 1800-1860

1.) Invention of the COTTON GIN:• Whitney's gin revolutionized the southern economy,

making the crop profitable to farm. This invention deepened the South’s hunger for slave labor and would place the country on the path to the Civil War (1861-65).

• Within only a few years, cotton replaced indigo and rice as the state’s major cash crop. – In 1801, planters produced 48 mil, pds.of cotton as

compared with just 2 mil. pounds in 1790. – By the eve of the Civil War, the South's cotton

production exceeded a billion pounds annually.

Progress and Change Comes to Georgia: 1800-18602.) The evolution of transportation: Stagecoaches, turnpikes, ferries and RAILROADS:• Before railroads, travel = horses, boats, wagon trains, and stagecoaches (LAND); ferries and river boats (WATER)• In 1830, only 13 miles of track in US (Baltimore and Ohio RR); In 1840, 3,300 miles of track existed.• Railroads were chartered in GA by the General Assembly and construction of the Central of GA Railway.

Progress and Change Comes to Georgia: 1800-18602.) The evolution of transportation: Stagecoaches, turnpikes, ferries and RAILROADS:• The Western and Atlantic Railroad was chartered in 1836 and connected Chattanooga, TN with Terminus (Atlanta, GA). Helped make Atlanta hub of freight trade in the South. Greatly damaged during Sherman’s March to the Sea in 1864 during the Civil War. • Railroads dramatically shortened travel time for both passengers and freight, reducing to hours trips that had previously taken days

Progress and Change Comes to Georgia: 1800-18603.) Progress in education in Georgia and the founding of UGA:• Education growth in GA after the Revolutionary War was slow; few GAns attended school -- knew little nothing about reading or mathematics• The University of Georgia was chartered in 1785 as the nation’s first land-grant university and the first university in the nation created by a state government.• Land-grant = federal govt. donates the land • It opened for classes in 1801 to all white males; women were admitted to UGA in 1918.

Progress and Change Comes to Georgia: 1800-18603.) Progress in education in Georgia and the founding of UGA:• UGA was often called Franklin College in its early days.• Efforts were made at this time to open public schools in each county, but there wasn’t $ for it• By 1820, there were forty schools across the state•Georgia Female College (later Wesleyan College) opened in 1836

Progress and Change Comes to Georgia: 1800-18604.) Need religion? Methodists and Baptist to the rescue…• GA caught up in the Great Revival movement of the early 1800s -- “camp meetings” (revival meetings) drew people from miles away for several days to a week or more• Methodist circuit riders would travel by horseback to frontier areas once or twice a month to preach.

Progress and Change Comes to Georgia: 1800-18604.) Need religion? Methodists and Baptist to the rescue…• Baptist and Methodist churches spread at a rapid rate due to fewer restrictions and less formal education/training requirements. If you wanted to be a preacher and were “called” by God, you could go start a church.• By 1860, there were almost 2,400 churches in GA -- second only to Virginia in the South.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/1839-meth.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Benjamin_Hawkins_and_the_Creek_Indians.jpg

Warm-up

**Using pages195-196, please tell me who 1.) Alexander McGillivray was AND what he had to do with the removal of Creek Indians from GA. Also, tell me who 2.) Chief William McIntosh was AND what he had to do with the removal of Creek Indians from GA.

Warm-up for 02.11.10

**Using pages194-195, please tell me who 1.) Sequoyah was AND what he had to do with the removal of Cherokee Indians from GA. Also, tell me who 2.) John Ross was AND what he had to do with the removal of Cherokee Indians from GA.

8th US President Martin Van Buren

On Indian Removal –

“The measures of the Removal have had the happiest effect…the Cherokees have emigrated (moved out) without apparent reluctance.”

HWSS8H5d. Analyze the events that led to the removal of Creeks and

Cherokees; include the roles of Alexander McGillivray, William McIntosh, Sequoyah, John Ross, Dahlonega Gold Rush, Worcester v. Georgia, Andrew Jackson, John Marshall, and the Trail of Tears.

DIRECTIONS: Answer these 2 questions using a minimum of 5 sentences for each.

1.) Who was Alexander McGillivray, and what does he have to do with the removal of the Creek Indians in Georgia history?

2.) Who was William McIntosh, and what does he have to do with the removal of the Creek Indians in Georgia history?