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The French Revolution Unit 5: the Long 19 th Century 1750-1900

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Causes of the French revolution People feel restricted by govtPeople feel restricted by govt Three EstatesThree Estates Titles of NobilityTitles of Nobility Role of ChurchRole of Church Economic ConditionsEconomic Conditions Intellectuals criticize The EnlightenmentIntellectuals criticize The Enlightenment Govt does not respond to needs of the peopleGovt does not respond to needs of the people Louis XVI, Marie AntoinetteLouis XVI, Marie Antoinette Even higher taxes (salt)Even higher taxes (salt) No food for peopleNo food for people

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Causes of the French Revolution Government faces economic hardshipsGovernment faces economic hardships Wars of Louis XIVWars of Louis XIV Participation in American RevolutionParticipation in American Revolution BankruptcyBankruptcy Excessive spending of MonarchsExcessive spending of Monarchs Famine/lack of foodFamine/lack of food Social Classes Unhappy/Tensions between classesSocial Classes Unhappy/Tensions between classes Three EstatesThree Estates High TaxationHigh Taxation Estates GeneralEstates General

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Stages of French Revolution Stage One: Removal of the Ancien Regime (1789-1792)Stage One: Removal of the Ancien Regime (1789-1792) Create new government (National Assembly/Legislative Assembly)Create new government (National Assembly/Legislative Assembly) Storming of the Bastille (July 1789)Storming of the Bastille (July 1789) Womens March to VersaillesWomens March to Versailles Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen New Constitution/abolish serfdom and slaveryNew Constitution/abolish serfdom and slavery Starts moderate but becomes more radical over timeStarts moderate but becomes more radical over time Declares war against Austria, PrussiaDeclares war against Austria, Prussia

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Stage Two: Radicalization 1792-1794 Maximillien RobespierreMaximillien Robespierre GuillotineGuillotine Abolish monarchy/declares republic/executes Louis XVI and Marie AntoinetteAbolish monarchy/declares republic/executes Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette Expansion of French Revolution as an international warExpansion of French Revolution as an international war BritainBritain SpainSpain GermanyGermany RussiaRussia Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire

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Stage Three: Thermidorian Reaction 1794-1799 Attempt to restore order and create a moderate governmentAttempt to restore order and create a moderate government The DirectoryThe Directory Too little too late leads to rise of Napoleon Bonaparte (r. 1799-1815)Too little too late leads to rise of Napoleon Bonaparte (r. 1799-1815)

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Napoleon Bonaparte General in French army during the RevolutionGeneral in French army during the Revolution Comes to power in 1799; crowns himself emperor in 1804Comes to power in 1799; crowns himself emperor in 1804 Two main goals:Two main goals: Improve France internallyImprove France internally Create a large French Empire in EuropeCreate a large French Empire in Europe

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Internal Changes to France Napoleonic CodeNapoleonic Code Civil EqualityCivil Equality Concordat of 1801 (Religious tolerance)Concordat of 1801 (Religious tolerance) Widespread education (high schools and universities)Widespread education (high schools and universities) All citizens pay taxesAll citizens pay taxes BUT: no freedom of the pressBUT: no freedom of the press

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Creating a French Empire Placed family members and friends in key areas (Spain, parts of Italy and Germany)Placed family members and friends in key areas (Spain, parts of Italy and Germany) Russian Campaign marks the failure of NapoleonRussian Campaign marks the failure of Napoleon 1814: Exiled to Elba1814: Exiled to Elba The Hundred Days: NB returns for 100 days as leader of FranceThe Hundred Days: NB returns for 100 days as leader of France 1815: Exiled to St. Helena1815: Exiled to St. Helena

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Consequences of French Revolution Congress of Vienna (1815)Congress of Vienna (1815) Led by Klemens von Metternich (Austria)Led by Klemens von Metternich (Austria) Balance of PowerBalance of Power Redraws European bordersRedraws European borders Rise of European Conservatism (keep status quo)Rise of European Conservatism (keep status quo) Haitian RevolutionHaitian Revolution End of successful French monarchyEnd of successful French monarchy Rise of NationalismRise of Nationalism Leads to unification of Italy (1860) and Germany (1871)Leads to unification of Italy (1860) and Germany (1871)