1750-1900Why 1750?

Why 1900

Industrialization begins

Prelude to WW1

Theme 1Power balance

shifts to the west

Europe

World

Theme 2

Changes in the World Economy

Theme 3New Cores

Emerge

Theme 4Key Internal

Developments

French RevolutionRevolution of a middle class

3 Classes or Estates in France

• First Estate:

The Church

• Second Estate:

King and Queen and The Nobility

3 Classes or Estates in France

• Third Estate:

3 Classes or Estates in France

Remainder of Population

Middle ClassWealthyEducatedProfessionals

Lowest ClassPoorPeasantsCity workers

Q. What can you infer from the pie graphs on why a revolution occurred in France?

3 Estate

1 Estate 2 Estate 1 Estate

3 Estate

3 Estate

2 Estate3 Estate

1. Economic gap between 3 classes or estates in France

Long Term Causes

2. Unfair Tax System

Long Term Causes3. Political inequalities for a frustrated Middle Class

First Estate Second Estate Third EstateX X X X X X X X

X X X X

X X X X

X X X X

X X X X

X X X X

1 Vote total

1 Vote total

1 Vote total

X= Representative in the Estates General (French Parliament

Why Revolt in 1789?Immediate Causes

1. Enlightenment Period

2. Poor leadership of last 2 monarchs

Immediate Causes

Immediate Causes

3. Financial Crisis

4. American Revolution

Immediate Causes

Why?

Phases of the French Revolution1. Moderate Phase

Goal: Create Constitutional Monarch

Method: Peaceful Protests, meetings

Result: New Constitution,New set of liberties, limited monarch, noble privileges abolished

2. Radical Phase

Phases of the French Revolution

Goal: Create a republic, Strengthen militaryMethod: “Remove” king/ nobility, use terror/violence, raise a “citizen” army

Results: Mass executions, largest army in Europe

3. Conservative or

Reactionary Phase

Phases of the French Revolution

Goal: Restore peace/order

Method: Quick takeover of power by Napoleon (coup de etat)

Result: Creation of Empire system—One ruler

Information I did not know about…

Napoleon Bonaparte

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tfHnwqtJT9U

The Rise of NapoleonWhy???

1. Product of French Revolution

2. Talented general who became a national hero

3. Joins coup that takes over Directory

4.

Middle Class CorsicanRise through talent

Military VictoriesRestored order in Paris

(Corrupt govt.)Manipulates into becoming emperor-Coronation: Officially crowned by Pope in Paris-”Took” the crown from the pope in ceremony

D. Equal opportunities for government positions

E. Equalized Taxes for all Frenchmen

F. Women’s rights were taken away

G. Invasion of Russia cripples French Army

K. Created National Bank to handle debt

L. Citizens no longer enjoy freedom of speech/press

I. Spread ideas of revolution (equality and nationalism) to rest of Europeans

J. Created uniform code of laws (Civic Code) including a recognition of religious freedom

C. First Government run schools, known as lycees, provided education to all citizens regardless of class

B. Debts problems returned later when a huge army was created

H. Continental System, intended to block ports from British, stifled European trade

A. Sent troops in to Spain to enforce policies led to bloody “Peninsular War”

Downfall • Could not counter British navy

• Guerilla movements in Spain and Portugal

• Invasion of Russia

• Final defeat at Waterloo

Battle of Trafalgar- Napoleon’s first defeat

Winter and Size of Russia

Moscow

Paris

Route of French Army

After marching 2000 miles, army reached Moscow…turned a retreated back to France

Downfall • Could not counter British navy

• Guerilla movements in Spain and Portugal

• Invasion of Russia

• Final defeat at Waterloo

Battle of Trafalgar- Napoleon’s first defeat

Winter and Size of Russia

combined European armies-British and Prussians

Europe 1811

Shade:

French Empire

Controlled by Napoleon

At war with Napoleon

Europe 1815

Questions:

What is the most significant difference between Europe in 1811 and Europe in 1815?

What must have happened that accounts for this difference?

The Congress of ViennaConservative Response

What to do with lands previously controlled by Napoleon?

Problem:

Hold peace meetings in Vienna to redraw map of Europe: Congress of Vienna

Solution:

Von Metternich

Key Decisions Made

• Restored France to 1789 borders

• Territory added to Russia, Prussia, & Austria

• Creation of Belgium

• Creation of German Confederation

Goals:• Keep France in Check

•Achieve balance of power

•Insure Legitimacy

Von Metternich, 1815

“When France Sneezes…Europe catches a cold”

• Peace was maintained for half century

Results

•Austria replaces France as center of diplomacy

•Forces Europeans into two competing philosophies:

Conservatism v. Liberalism

•Contributes to nationalistic feelings

Liberalism Conservatism

How Alike?

• Wealthy leaders

• Suspicious of the lowest classes ability to govern

• Goal was to gain or maintain power in government

Status in society

View of Nationalism

Attitude toward Modern living

Comfort level with change

How power is determined?

Social Attitudes

View of Congress of Vienna

Middle Class Professionals

(wealth from industry)

A

Liberalism:Written Constitution

B

Conservatism:Monarchy rule

C

Conservatism:Nobility

DLiberalism:Support efforts in Science

E

Liberalism:Nationalism

Merchants/Professionals

FConservatism:Hierarchy/ Birthright

GLiberalism:Social Reforms

H

Both:Wealthy Leaders