THE MODERN ERA

1750 – 1900 Overview

(Periodization Question: Why 1750 –1900?)

Changes in Global Commerce, Communication and Technology Patterns of World Trade

Who, where, what, how in 1750? What will and won’t change by 1900?

Changes in Global Commerce, Communication and Technology Modes of Transportation/ communication

Impact of railroad, steam, telegraph Suez Canal, Panama Canal

Suez Canal

Suez canal opened in 1869-Who was Muhammad Ali?-Why did France & Britain get to finance this effort?-Why do you think France/Britain wanted the canal?

Changes in Global Commerce, Communication and Technology Industrial Revolution

Origins of I.R. – where, whatand when Rationale of capitalism – Adam Smith Impact of I.R. on time, family, work, labor Relationship of nations during I.R. Intellectual responses to I.R. – Marxism, socialism

Fatcat

Miner

Power loom

MilltownStreetchildren

Demographic and Environmental Changes Migration – Immigration

Why? Where?

Demographic and Environmental Changes End of Atlantic Slave Trade New Birthrate Patterns Disease prevention

and eradication Food Supply

Changes in Social and Gender Structure Industrial Revolution Commercial developments Tension between work patterns and ideas

about gender Emancipation of Serfs

and Slaves

Changes in Social and Gender Structure Women’s emancipation movements

Political Revolutions and Independence Movements Latin American Independence Movements Why?

Simon Bolivar

Political Revolutions and Independence Movements Revolutions

Why Revolution now? Where?

United States (1776) France (1789) Haiti (1803) Mexico (1910) China (1911)

Political Revolutions and Independence MovementsHaitian Revolution Toussaint

L’Ouverture

Political Revolutions and Independence MovementsMexican Revolution

Political Revolutions and Independence MovementsChinese Revolution

Dr. Sun Yat Sen

Manchus

New Political Ideas Rise of Nationalism Growth of Nation-states/ empires

New Political Ideas Movements of Political Reform

Jacobins in France Taiping Rebellion in China

New Political Ideas Rise of Democracy and its limitations

Reform (liberalism) Conservatism Women’s Rights (Feminism) Racism Social Darwinism

Herbert Spencer

Rise of Western Dominance Patterns of Expansion Imperialism and Colonialism

African continent, much of Asia, and Oceania Ethiopia and Siam Hawaii and New Zealand

Rise of Western DominanceScramble for Africa

Rise of Western Dominance Economic, Political, Social, Cultural, & Artistic

Rise of Western Dominance Cultural and Political Reactions to western

dominance (reform, resistance, rebellion, racism, nationalism) Japan– Commodore Perry and Meiji Restoration

-Why does Japan accept Perry’s offer? Russia– Reforms and Rebellions

-Crimean War? Siam and Ethiopia-- defensive modernization China--Boxer Rebellion/Taiping Rebellion [ideals of Taiping?] Islamic and Chinese responses compared

-Ottoman Reforms? “Sick Man of Europe”-Why does Europe help and hurt Ottomans?

Impact of Changing European Ideologies on Colonial Administrations

Rise of Western Dominance Japan– Commodore Perry and Meiji

Restoration

Rise of Western Dominance China—Boxer Rebellion

Diverse Interpretations Modernization theory debates

Why Modernize? Can you force a nation to do it? Name locations where Modernization = Nationalism. Why?

Cause of serf and slave emancipation? Need to Industrialize? End of Extreme Ethnocentrism? Racism?

Nature of women’s roles at the time in industrial areas? In colonial societies? Elite versus lower class?

Comparisons Industrial revolution in western Europe and Japan

(causes and early phases) Revolutions (American, French, Haitian,

Mexican, and Chinese) Reaction to foreign domination in Ottoman

empire, China, India and Japan.

Ottomans- 19th centuryYoung Turk Revolutionaries

The Sultans

Comparisons Nationalism

Forms of intervention in 19th century Latin America and Africa

Roles and conditions of upper/ middle versus working/ peasant class women in western Europe

European women 19th century

British family in India

Queen Victoria’s family

Russian peasant family

Conclusions What are the global processes that are at

play? Which have intensified? Diminished?

Discuss how the events of the 19th century are a natural culmination of earlier developments.

Speculate what historical events in the 19th century would have most surprised historians of earlier eras.