Imperialism in the 18Imperialism in the 18thth & 19 & 19thth CenturiesCenturies

IMPERIALISM (1770s-1914)IMPERIALISM (1770s-1914)

Industrialized nations (nation-Industrialized nations (nation-states of Europe, U.S., Russia, and states of Europe, U.S., Russia, and later Japan) strengthened their later Japan) strengthened their control over their colonies AND control over their colonies AND established transoceanic empires established transoceanic empires throughout Asia, the Pacific, and throughout Asia, the Pacific, and Africa.Africa.

Imperialism is this extension of Imperialism is this extension of political and economic control.political and economic control.

European Colonies - 1700European Colonies - 1700

Industrialized nations control Industrialized nations control by 1900by 1900

The partition of Africa 1800sThe partition of Africa 1800s

The partition of Africa 1914The partition of Africa 1914

British control of IndiaBritish control of India

The British Empire 19The British Empire 19thth century century

Imperialism in the 18Imperialism in the 18thth & 19 & 19thth CenturiesCenturies

WHY did industrialized WHY did industrialized nations seek to control nations seek to control

other areas of the world in other areas of the world in the 18the 18thth and 19 and 19thth

centuries?centuries?

Western nations wanted: Western nations wanted: PROFIT!!PROFIT!!

Industrialized Industrialized nations wanted nations wanted access to: access to:

raw materials raw materials for their for their factoriesfactories

precious metals precious metals & jewels& jewels

To control the trade of valuable To control the trade of valuable products around the world.products around the world.

markets for their factory markets for their factory productsproducts

To relieve pressure of overpopulation To relieve pressure of overpopulation (and class conflict)(and class conflict)

To gain “Great Power” status in a To gain “Great Power” status in a competitive political systemcompetitive political system

ABCs for Baby Patriots-ABCs for Baby Patriots-18991899

JUSTIFICATION for JUSTIFICATION for ImperialismImperialism

New belief among imperial New belief among imperial powers that European (or powers that European (or Japanese) races were superior Japanese) races were superior (proved by science, progress, & (proved by science, progress, & religion).religion).

SOCIAL DARWINISM SOCIAL DARWINISM – efforts – efforts to apply evolution to human to apply evolution to human

historyhistory

Missionaries, aid societies, and Missionaries, aid societies, and others wanted to “Christianize” others wanted to “Christianize” and/or “civilize” people in “less and/or “civilize” people in “less developed” regions.developed” regions.

HOW did Western nations gain HOW did Western nations gain control over other regions of the control over other regions of the

world?world?

Industrialized nations: Industrialized nations: Used their stronger militaries Used their stronger militaries

(using superior firepower, (using superior firepower, military technology, & navies)military technology, & navies)

Maxim Gun and Breech-loading rifles

Steam Steam Powered Powered

TransportationTransportation

Industrialized nations had: Industrialized nations had: Developments in communication Developments in communication

(telegraph)(telegraph)

Industrialized nations had:Industrialized nations had:

WEALTH for investment & influence…WEALTH for investment & influence…

What is being advertised?

Where is this taking place?

What is going on?

What are the ways that this image symbolizes or give characteristics of Imperialism? (3 things)

Who was the queen at the time?

Advertisement 1897 Britain

Scramble for AfricaScramble for Africa

By 1914, 90% of Africa was under By 1914, 90% of Africa was under European controlEuropean control

Berlin Conference in 1885 set the Berlin Conference in 1885 set the ground rules for European ground rules for European colonization of Africacolonization of Africa

Africans in decentralized societies w/ Africans in decentralized societies w/ no formal state structure held out the no formal state structure held out the longest against European conquestlongest against European conquest

Industrialized nations used Industrialized nations used their wealth for influencetheir wealth for influence

Relied on native elites to Relied on native elites to directly rule and native directly rule and native soldiers to enforce lawssoldiers to enforce laws

Had support by industrialists, Had support by industrialists, military, and religious groupsmilitary, and religious groups

Industrialized nations had: Industrialized nations had: Medicines and medical technologyMedicines and medical technology

Quinine protected from malariaQuinine protected from malaria

•By 1910, 10,000 missionaries in Africa•By the 1960s, 50 million Africans were Christian

The partition of Africa 1800sThe partition of Africa 1800s

The partition of Africa 1914The partition of Africa 1914

• See if you can identify part of the problem with colonization.

The Rhodes The Rhodes ColossusColossus

©2012, TESCCC

Consequences of the Scramble Consequences of the Scramble for Africafor Africa

Traditional way of life disruptedTraditional way of life disrupted Economic exploitation of AfricansEconomic exploitation of Africans European racism imported into European racism imported into

AfricaAfrica Spread of European culture Spread of European culture

(education and religion)(education and religion) Spread of Western technologySpread of Western technology Change in women’s rolesChange in women’s roles

Largest colonial empire Largest colonial empire Great Britain (United Great Britain (United Kingdom)Kingdom)Includes England, Scotland, Wales, IrelandIncludes England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

““White” Colonies White” Colonies Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South

AfricaAfrica

Populated mainly by people that moved Populated mainly by people that moved there from Britainthere from Britain

Given self-ruleGiven self-rule

Largest colonial empire Largest colonial empire Great Britain (United Great Britain (United Kingdom)Kingdom)Includes England, Scotland, Wales, IrelandIncludes England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland

““Non-white” Colonies in India & AfricaNon-white” Colonies in India & Africa Under indirect ruleUnder indirect rule Populated mainly by people who are native to Populated mainly by people who are native to

the areathe area Few people from Britain actually live there – but Few people from Britain actually live there – but

control the governmentcontrol the government

British control of IndiaBritish control of India

Indian Rebellion1857-58 Indian Rebellion1857-58 changes British controlchanges British control

•Indian soldiers or “sepoys” rebelled against the British leadership.

•After the violence ended, the British government took control of India from the British East India Company.

A British Merchant's Home in Colonial India

Consequences of British Consequences of British Imperialism in IndiaImperialism in India

British educational system establishedBritish educational system established Rise of educated Indian middle class Rise of educated Indian middle class

-eventually politically active-eventually politically active Hinduism more “defined”Hinduism more “defined” Spread of English languageSpread of English language Railroads tied India togetherRailroads tied India together

Question of the DayQuestion of the Day

What was distinctive about European What was distinctive about European colonial empires of the nineteenth century colonial empires of the nineteenth century (as opposed to earlier empires in history)?(as opposed to earlier empires in history)?