session 2 lars rundqvist.pdf

CleanSky - Systems for Green Operation

Transportforum 8 jan 2009Linköping

2Transportforum – 8 jan 2009

Lars Rundqwist – Saab AB

Challenges facing Air TransportChallenges facing Air TransportChallenges facing Air Transport

• Environment• Global warming is a world-wide recognised issue• Europe has fixed clear targets to reduce negative impact• Global demand for oil will continue to rise leading to extremely

volatile prices• Carbon trading allowance or tax is likely to increase

• Economy• Air Traffic is of significant importance for the enlarged European

economy, global competitiveness, our way of living

Aeronautics is a major factor in sustainable European economic growth

3

Vision 2020 Challenges – ACARE* GoalsVision 2020 Challenges Vision 2020 Challenges –– ACARE* GoalsACARE* Goals

ACAREOctober 2002 : The Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) 5 Challenges

Quality and Affordability Environment Safety

Air Transport System Efficiency Security

Vision 2020 (January 2001)• To meet Society’s needs

• To achieve global leadership for Europe

October 2004 : The SRA 2 High level Target ConceptsVery Low Cost ATS

Ultra Green ATS

Customer oriented ATS

Highly time-efficient ATS

Ultra Secure ATS

22nd Century

• 80% cut in NOx emissions• Halving perceived aircraft noise• 50% cut in CO2 emissions per pass-Km by drastic fuel consumption

reduction• A green design, manufacturing, maintenance and disposal product

life cycle

CLEAN SKY

*ACARE – Advisory Council for Aeronautics Research in Europe



What do we expect “Clean Sky” to deliver?What do we expect What do we expect ““Clean SkyClean Sky”” to deliver?to deliver?

Products entering service between 2015-2025• Aircraft CO2 reduction 20 – 40 %• Aircraft NOx reduction ~ 40 %• Aircraft Noise reduction ~ 20 dB

This will lead to• Social benefits• European Aeronautics industry values• Economic benefits to the EUthrough, e.g.• CO2 savings (less cost of fuel, and less cost of CO2 impact)• Market opportunities, and added values, for primes and supply chain• R&D spill-over



From Challenges to SolutionsFrom Challenges to SolutionsFrom Challenges to Solutions

Reduced fuel consumption (CO2 & NOx reduction)

External noise reduction

"Ecolonomic"life cycle

Power plantLoads & Flow ControlNew Aircraft ConfigurationsLow weightAircraft Energy ManagementMission & Trajectory Management

Power PlantMission & Trajectory ManagementConfigurationsRotorcraft Noise Reduction

Aircraft Life Cycle



From Solutions to DemonstrationsFrom Solutions to DemonstrationsFrom Solutions to Demonstrations

New concepts & active controlSmart structures &low-noise configurations

Innovative rotor &engine integration

Low-noise &lightweight low-pressure systems

High efficiency low Nox cores

Novel configurations

All electrical aircraft technologies and systemsThermal managementGreen trajectories management

Green design, manufacture,maintenance, recycling for Airframe & Systems

Monitoring ConsistencySynergy



Clean Sky: An integrated and comprehensive approach Clean Sky: An integrated and comprehensive approach Clean Sky: An integrated and comprehensive approach

Eco-designFor Airframe and Systems

Vehicle ITD

Tran

sver

se IT

Dfo

r all

vehi

cles

Smart Fixed-Wing Aircraft

Green Regional Aircraft

GreenRotorcraft

Clean Sky Technology Evaluator31 M€

Sustainable and Green Engines

Systems for Green Operations

TOTAL Budget: 1,6 B€ over 7 years

Airbus& SAAB393 M€

Eurocopter & AgustaWestland159 M€

Alenia& EADS CASA174 M€

Dassault Aviation & Fraunhofer Institute116 M€

Rolls-Royce & Safran421 M€

Liebherr & Thales304 M€

ITD: Integrated Technology Demonstrator



Clean Sky budget allocationClean Sky budget allocationClean Sky budget allocation

• Total budget 1600 M€ maximum• EC contribution 800 M€

• ITD Leaders max 800 M€ (50% from EC)• AgustaWestland, Airbus, Alenia, Dassault Aviation, EADS-

CASA, Eurocopter, Fraunhofer Institute, Liebherr, Rolls-Royce, Saab, Safran, Thales

• Associates max 400 M€ (50% from EC)• DLR, EADS-IW, Galileo-Avionica, …• Clusters: GSAF, …

• Partners, via Calls for Proposals267-400 M€ (50-75% from EC)



Aircraft Equipment Systems

SGO: How can aircraft systems contribute to environmental objectives?SGO: How can aircraft systems contribute to environmental SGO: How can aircraft systems contribute to environmental objectives?objectives?

Aircraft Flight and Navigation Systems



The Environment

Operational Environment

Aircraft

Minimize fuel required for aircraft operationMinimize waste Enable engine and aircraft flexibility

Aircraft Equipment Systems

Work

Waste

Fuel

Work

Waste

Powerplant

How can aircraft systems contribute to environmental objectives?How can aircraft systems contribute to environmental objectives?How can aircraft systems contribute to environmental objectives?

Manufacture and disposal

Pollution

Heat

NoiseCO2 and NOx

Other Chemicals

Choice of fuel

Aircraft Flight and Navigation Systems

Flight operations and maintenance



Systems for Green Operations ITD

Management of Mission and Trajectory

Life Cycle Management

Materials

Manufacturing

Smart Operations on Ground

Electrical SystemsManagement of EnergyAerodynamic Design

Reduction in noise

System Design

Reduction in other pollutants

Reduction in CO2and NOx

Systems enablers for ACARE environmental goalsSystems enablers for ACARE environmental goalsSystems enablers for ACARE environmental goals

Other ITDs



Myth: “More Electric” Aircraft is a new ideaMyth: Myth: ““More ElectricMore Electric”” Aircraft is a Aircraft is a newnew ideaidea

1941: Fokke-Wulf 190-A• Electrically actuated and locked landing gear• Servo-motor actuators for flaps and tailplane• Electrically pitched propeller• Electrically fired cannon



From “More Electric” to “More More More Electric”From From ““More ElectricMore Electric”” to to ““More More More More MoreMore ElectricElectric””

1964: Vickers VC-10 2007: Airbus A3801952: Avro Vulcan

2009: Boeing 7872008: Lockheed F-35

2010: AgustaWestland EH 101 upgrade



Management of Aircraft EnergyManagement of Aircraft EnergyManagement of Aircraft Energy

All-electric aircraft equipment system architectures• Objectives:

• To facilitate the all-electric aircraft, which leads to new possibilities in reducing aircraft emissions through lower fuel consumption

• Concepts:• Maturation of the collaborative modelling process used to construct and

evaluate electrical architectures• Maturation of technologies in electrical power generation, distribution and

usage• Maturation of thermal technologies and overall thermal management

concepts• Validation of the architectural concepts to manage total energy, through

flight testing and ground test




All-electric aircraft equipment system architectures

• Means:• Removal of hydraulic fluids• Zero-emission fuel cells• Removal of engine bleed systems• Less total system weight• Total energy management

• Examples:• Electro-hydrostatic actuators• Peak demands from one consumer can be compensated by

reducing other demands




All-electric aircraft equipment system architectures

• Aircraft functions to be addressed:• Primary power generation and distribution• Auxiliary and emergency energy/power generation and storage• Engine support• Cabin and aircraft pressurisation• Aircraft thermal management• Flight control• Ice and rain protection• Take-off, landing, taxiing and braking



Management of Trajectory and Mission and relation with the ATM and ATC Management of Trajectory and Mission and relation Management of Trajectory and Mission and relation with the ATM and ATC with the ATM and ATC

• ATM and ATC constraints and procedures impose flight profiles significantly different from the optimal:

• Aircraft must fly through airways and waypoints• Aircraft must fly at imposed levels, with limited manoeuvring freedom

between them• ATC Management of arriving aircraft at airports is made through

instructions diverging from the fuel-optimum solution

• There is an opportunity to reduce fuel consumption in flying / moving the aircraft in a more efficient way

• This requires working together on procedures / ATC operations and aircraft capabilities

• In Europe, the SESAR and Clean Sky programmes are launched in parallel, which creates a unique opportunity to perform the required leap-change



• Trajectory & Mission Management

Definition of “optimum” trajectories for approaches and climbs achieving the minimum environmental combined impact for noise and fuel

Definition of new missions profiles, taking into account the atmospheric perturbations, and definition of new on-board systems / functions to enable the aircraft to fly them

Management of Trajectory and Mission: ObjectivesManagement of Trajectory and Mission: ObjectivesManagement of Trajectory and Mission: Objectives

Assessment of different solutions to validate if they are compatible with SESAR results or guidelines, for 2013, 2020 and 2020+

Design the aircraft systems enabling to fly: • these optimised trajectories

• the optimised missions, minimising environmental impact in any combination of environmental constraints



Management of Trajectory and MissionManagement of Trajectory and MissionManagement of Trajectory and Mission

• Smart Ground Operations

• Objective : design aircraft systems to optimise use of engine power when aircraft on ground, for Silent and fuel-efficient taxiing capabilities

• Use of the landing gear system as a motoring system on ground, so as to allow airplane engines during taxi, with the expected double benefit of reducing ground noise and reducing fuel burn



Management of Trajectory and Mission: enabling technologies (1/2)

Management of Trajectory and Mission: Management of Trajectory and Mission: enabling technologiesenabling technologies (1/2)(1/2)

• Flight Management:Implementation of optimised Arrival functions: Implementation of optimised Departures: NADPGreen Cruise: continuous climb cruise, enhanced “continuous” descent approaches inheritedfrom results in European collaborative research: OPTIMAL (1)

Multi criteria trajectory optimization:• Cost index• Emissions: considering upcoming environmental taxes• Noise reduction• Time arrival

Management of new Airplane aerodynamics / engines

• Surveillance & Situation awarenessAtmospheric conditions detectionImproved weather radar algorithmsCoupling of atmospheric sensors with the FMS: inherited from results in European

collaborative research: FLYSAFE(1)

(1) European funded Project, FP6: refer to : www.optimal.isdefe.es and www.eu-flysafe.org



Management of Trajectory and Mission: enabling technologies con’t (2/2)Management of Trajectory and Mission: Management of Trajectory and Mission: enabling technologiesenabling technologies concon’’tt (2/2)(2/2)

• Databases: new aircraft performances, navigation procedures, protected areas, atmospheric conditions, environmental parameters

• Functions supporting gate to gate operations:towards pilot decision making

• Based on Quasi-artificial technologies• Weather conditions updates and alternative flight path• List of parameters to be optimized during the flight and exchanged with ATM

towards Airlines operations during the flight preparation phase: Optimization of flight plan during preparation phase (depending on fuel price, weather conditions, Aircraft configuration, ….)

• Cockpit MMI to operate the new functions

• Localisation / Navigation systems

High level of maturity (TRL6), Compatible with SESAR proceduresEnvironmentally friendly from Gate to Gate



From Solutions to Demonstrations: Technology EvaluatorFrom Solutions to Demonstrations: Technology EvaluatorFrom Solutions to Demonstrations: Technology Evaluator

New concepts & active controlSmart structures &low-noise configurations

Innovative rotor &engine integration

Low-noise &lightweight low-pressure systems

High efficiency low Nox cores

Novel configurations

All electrical aircraft technologies and systemsThermal managementGreen trajectories management

Green design, manufacture,maintenance, recycling for Airframe & Systems

Monitoring ConsistencySynergy



TE : scope & methodologyTE : scope & methodologyTE : scope & methodology

SGO and TE respective scopes in Clean Sky

Evaluation of the environmental impacts of inserted technologies is performed in the TE by comparing scenarios

• Operations of Current technology aircraft fleet, vs• Operations of new fleet hypothesis, with Clean Sky Conceptual Aircraft insertion

Technologies developed in the ITD SGO will be delivered to the ITD SFWA and integrated to the “Conceptual Aircraft”

Assessment will be performed at the Aircraft level

TE methodologyThe TE analyses Air Traffic operations and enables ITDs feedback at various levels :

Single aircraft mission A to B (Mission level)Airport area (Operational level)Regional / World (Global level)

SGO WP3.1 Models & tools

Needs of common models



Technologies to be demonstrated on aircraft (ground and/or flight)Technologies to be demonstrated on aircraft (ground Technologies to be demonstrated on aircraft (ground and/or flight)and/or flight)

• Management of Aircraft Energy• Ice Protection• Environmental Control System• Skin heat exchanger• Thermal functions• Electrical technologies• Multi-functional fuel cells

• Management of Trajectory and Mission• Green functions (optimization)• Green FMS (supporting optimization functions)• External tractor for long taxi



Saab’s involvment in Clean SkySaabSaab’’s s involvmentinvolvment in Clean Skyin Clean Sky

• Management of Aircraft Energy• Ice Protection• Thermal Management

• Management of trajectory and mission• Mission and trajectory optimization• Modular and Shared Power Electronics



ConclusionsConclusionsConclusions

• The Systems for Green Operations ITD is based on thefollowing two concepts which will contribute to the goalsof Clean Sky :

• The Management of Aircraft Energy (MAE)• The Management of Mission and Trajectory (MTM)

• The Clean Sky project will last for 7 years• Technology will mainly be inserted in new aircraft types• Some technology may be used for upgrading current

aircraft• SESAR and Clean Sky will work together to define the

future ATM system and procedures

session 2 lars rundqvist.pdf

Business