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Samuel A. Werner, Biographical Sketch

Updated April 5, 2019 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Curators’ Distinguished Professor of Physics Emeritus Department of Physics and Astronomy The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Home address. 7620 Augustine Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20879. Email: sam.werner@verizon.net Phone: (301)208-2549 CELL: (301)785-7693 Education: AB Dartmouth College (1959), MS Dartmouth College (1961), Hanover, NH. PhD, The University of Michigan (1965), Ann Arbor, MI. Publications Book: Neutron Interferometry: Lessons in Experimental Quantum Mechanics, Wave-Particle Duality, and Entanglement. Helmut Rauch and Samuel A. Werner, Oxford University Press. First Edition (2000), Second edition (2015). Paperback edition (2017). 175 refereed publications, Physical Review Letters, Journal of Applied Physics, Physica, Physical Review, Acta Crystallographica, etc. Hobbies Tennis, Golf, Woodworking, Yard and Garden Work

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Research in Neutron Interferometry In 1975 the first observation of the phase shift of matter waves induced by the Earth’s gravity was achieved by Roberto Colella, Albert Overhauser and Samuel Werner (COW) in a neutron interferometry experiment carried out at the 2 MW Ford Nuclear Reactor (FNR) at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. Gravity and quantum mechanics do not simultaneously play an important role in most phenomena accessible in terrestrial physics. The COW experiment was the first time in physics where an observation necessarily depended upon both the Planck’s quantum constant h and Newton’s gravitational constant G. Several subsequent versions of this experiment carried out in Sam Werner’s neutron physics laboratory at the University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR) found that the principle of equivalence was verified to about 0.7 percent in the quantum limit. Shortly after the completion of the early versions of the COW experiment, the apparatus was used to observe two other fundamental physics effects. The neutron is a spin-1/2 Fermion. If it is allowed to precess in a magnetic field, the sign of its wavefunction changes upon a 360 degree precession. This characteristic spinor change of sign shows up in a neutron interferometry experiment as a phase shift of π radians. Since the COW experiment was carried out in the frame of our rotating Earth, a non-inertial frame of reference, there is an additional phase shift, analogous to the optical Sagnac effect. This phase shift was observed for the first time by Staudenmann, Werner, Colella and Overhauser in 1979 at the 10 MW MURR. These early experiments led to many other neutron interferometry experiments including the first observation of the topological Aharonov-Casher effect in 1989, the phase echo effect in 1991, the scalar Aharonov-Bohm effect in 1997, and the observation of Berry’s geometrical phase using spin polarized neutrons in 1995. Sam Werner’s neutron interferometry program at Missouri and at NIST was funded continuously by the Physics Division of the NSF for 28 years (1976-2004). This field is summarized in the book Neutron Interferometry, by Helmut Rauch and Samuel Werner, Oxford University Press (2000). The second edition of this book is now available (May, 2015). For early summaries of the COW experiment and other neutron interferometry experiments see: “Gravity and Inertia in Quantum Mechanics”, J.-L. Staudenmann, S.A. Werner, R. Colella and A.W.Overhauser, Phys.Rev. A21, 1419 (1980). “Neutron Interferometry” S.A. Werner, Physics Today 33, 23 (December, 1980). Employment History Staff Scientist, Physics Department, Scientific Laboratory, Ford Motor Company, 1964-1975. Adjunct Associate Professor of Nuclear Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1968-1975. Professor of Physics, University of Missouri-Columbia, 1975-2000. Chairman, Department of Physics, University of Missouri-Columbia 1982-84. Millsap Distinguished Professor of Physics, 1985-2000. Curators’ Distinguished Professor of Physics, 1993-2000. Curators’ Distinguished Professor of Physics Emeritus, 2000-present. Guest Researcher, Neutron Physics Group, Physics Laboratory, NIST, 2000-2018.

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Education A.B., Dartmouth College (1959). M.S., Dartmouth College (1961).

Thesis: An Introduction to Solid State Engineering. Advisor: Millett Morgan.

Ph.D., University of Michigan (1965). Thesis: The Multiple Bragg Reflection of Neutrons in Mosaic Crystals. Advisors: Anthony S. Arrott and John S. King.

Special Assignments •Visiting Scientist, A.B.Atomenergi, Studsvik, Sweden, 1970. •Visiting Scientist at various times at Argonne, Oak Ridge, Brookhaven National Laboratories, and at National Bureau of Standards (NIST), 1964-2000. •Visiting Scientist at Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France, June 1977. •Consultant, Argonne National Laboratory, 1968-1982. •Solid State Sciences Division Review Committee, Argonne National Laboratory, 1972-1977. •Consultant and Facilities Subpanel Member, National Academy of Sciences Study Committee on Low Energy Neutron Sources, 1977. •Chairman, Special Committee on the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 1978-1982. •Department of Energy panel on x-ray, neutron, electron scattering facilities in the United States, 1977. •Co-Chairman with J.M. Carpenter, Workshop on the Applications of an Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, 1975. •Member, Neutron Scattering Advisory Committee, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1981-1985. •Member, National Academy of Sciences Panel to Assess the Current Status of Facilities and Research in Neutron Scattering, 1983-1984. •Member, National Steering Committee for the Advanced Neutron Source (1986-1991). •Member, Participating Research Team, Neutron Scattering Group, Brookhaven National Laboratory (1980-1996). •Member, Advisory Committee for Los Alamos National Laboratory, Neutron Scattering Center (1987-1989). •Member, Board of Assessment, Center for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics. National Institute of Standards and Technology. (1989-1992). •Chairman, Board of Assessment, Physics Laboratory, NIST, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences (1993-1995).

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•Visiting Professor, Atominstitut der Österr. Universitäten, Technical University, Vienna, Austria (July,1991-Aug.1991). •President, Neutron Scattering Society of America (1993-1996). •Member, Physics Division Advisory Committee, Los Alamos National Laboratory (1996-1997). •Co-Chairman, Alumni Advisory Board, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College (2012-2016). Societies, Honors •Fellow, American Physical Society (1973-present). •Member, Österreischische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1999-present) (Austrian Academy of Science). •Fellow, Neutron Scattering Society of America (2012-present). •Exceptional Service Award, Neutron Scattering Society of America (2012). •Member, Sigma Xi Honorary Society. •Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science (2009- present). •Member, New York Academy of Sciences. •Distinguished Visiting Lecturer - Argonne National Laboratory (July,1976). •Swedish Research Council Fellowship, sabbatical (1970). •Outstanding Alumni Award, Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Michigan (1980). •Chancellor's Award for Outstanding Research in the Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Missouri (1980). •Honorable Mention for 1980 Gravity Research Foundation Prize. •The President's Award for Excellence in Research - University of Missouri (1983). •Interagency Personnel Agreement (IPA) Fellowship at National Bureau of Standards, Washington D.C., for sabbatical year (Aug. 1983-Aug. 1984). •Elgin High School Alumni Hall of Fame (inducted Sept. 2016). •The Nichols-Hull Memorial Alumni Award, Dartmouth College Department of Physics and Astronomy, October 18, 2017. • The Clifford G. Shull Prize in Neutron Science, awarded by the Neutron Scattering Society of America. June, 2018.

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Biographical Birthdate/Place: January 5, 1937, Elgin, Illinois, USA. Elementary and High School education in Elgin, Illinois. Home Address: 7620 Augustine Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20879. Tel (301)208-2549. Cell (301)785-7693. sam.werner@verizon.net Family:

Wife: Laura Louise (Reed) Werner Smith College AB 1961 University of Michigan MA 1965 Born: Paducah, Kentucky, Feb.23, 1940. Children: Catherine Louise (Werner) Canterbury Randolph Macon Woman’s College, AB 1990. Born December 10,1967, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Now lives in Alexandria, Virginia. Husband: Brian Canterbury.

2 children : Garrett born Aug.17, 1999. Sara born Feb.27, 2002. Parents: Charles August Werner, born Adams, NB, (1894). Frances Agnes Tasch Werner, born, Graytown, OH (1900).

Three review papers for professors teaching QM: 1. "Does a neutron know that the Earth is rotating?" S. A. Werner, Gen. Rel. & Grav. 40:921-934. (Springer). Bahram Mashhoon Festschrift (2008). 2. "Observation of Aharonov-Bohm Effects by Neutron Interferometry". Samuel A. Werner and Anthony G. Klein. J.Phys.A :Math. Theor.43 354006 (2010). 33 pages. Proceedings of the conferences in Tel Aviv, Israel, AB 50, October 11-14, 2009, and Bristol, United Kingdon, ABB 50/25, Dec. 14-15, 2009 honoring Yakir Aharonov and Michael Berry. 3. “Observation of Berry’s Geometric Phase by Neutron Interferometry”. Sam Werner. Foundations in Physics.(2012) 42:122-139. Proceedings of the 2nd Vienna Symposium on the Foundations of Modern Physics. June, 2009. A Festschrift in honour of Daniel Greenberger and Helmut Rauch.

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Funding: All of these experiments, carried out at the MURR in Missouri and at the NBSR at NIST, were supported by grants received continuously , without interruption for 28 years (1976-2004), from the Physics Division of the U.S. National Science Foundation.

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Clifford G. Shull Prize in Neutron Science Presented to Prof. Samuel A. Werner

For his seminal contributions to the observation of the fundamental quantum mechanical nature of the spins through

the effects of rotation and gravitational field, using neutron interferometry, including the observation of the Aharonov-Casher effect, for his extensive work with neutron scattering on the magnetic properties of the transition metals and their alloys, for his critical role in the NSSA, particularly as its Founding President, and for his lasting

influence on the neutron community, including nurturing of many neutron scientists. 2018

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EDUCATION OF STUDENTS

Principal Research Interests: Neutron Scattering, Magnetism, Phase Transitions, Fundamental Neutron Physics, Neutron Interferometry and Neutron Optics, Charge Density Waves and Spin Density Waves. Experimental and Theoretical. Courses Taught: University Physics I and II (Halliday and Resnick) Elementary College Physics I (Blatt) Electricity and Magnetism I & II (Lorraine & Corson) Undergraduate Classical Mechanics (Symon) Graduate Classical Mechanics (Goldstein) Thermodynamics (Reiff) Undergraduate Quantum Physics I & II (Griffiths, Eisberg & Resnick) Graduate Quantum Mechanics I & II (Schiff, Landau & Lifshitz, etc.) Solid State Physics I & II (Ziman, Ashcroft & Mermin, Kittel) Nuclear Reactor Laboratory (Univ. of Michigan) Thermal Neutron Scattering (Squires, Marshall and Lovesey) Nuclear Physics (Krane) Ph.D. Thesis Advisor for: Dr. Hugh Kendrick (1968 with A. Arrott & J.S. King) - University of Michigan Dr. Erdogan Gürmen (1971 with A. Arrott & J.S. King) - University of Michigan Dr. Peter Pantozatos (1975 with J.S. King) - University of Michigan Dr. O. Allan Pringle (1981 with R. Brugger) - University of Missouri Dr. Mohana Yethiraj (1985) - University of Missouri Dr. Muhammad Arif (1986) - University of Missouri Dr. Russell Clothier (1991)- University of Missouri Dr. David Jacobson (1996)-University of Missouri Dr. Kenneth Littrell (1997)-University of Missouri Dr. W-T (Hal) Lee (1998)-University of Missouri Dr. Keary Schoen (2004)-University of Missouri Ph.D. Thesis Committees for: Dr. C. Michael McCarthy (1981) - University of Missouri Dr. Gary J. Trott (1981) - University of Missouri Dr. Kathryn I. Florine (1983) - University of Missouri Dr. Reza Hashemi-Nassab (1983) - University of Missouri Dr. Lowell Crow (1987) - University of Missouri

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Post-Doctoral Fellows: Dr. Jean-Louis Staudenmann (1976-1979) Dr. Robert E. Word (1980-1982) Dr. Helmut Kaiser (1982-1983) Dr. Muhammad Arif (1986-1987) Dr. Frank Lamelas (1993-1994) Dr. Brendan Allman (1994-1996) External PhD Thesis Reader for: Dr. Siegfried Feser (University of British Columbia). 1975. Dr. William Hamilton (University of Melbourne). 1987. Dr. Saravanamuthu Maheswaran (Simon Fraser University) 1989.

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