research project on people awareness about global warming and its effects

8/8/2019 Research Project on People Awareness About Global Warming and Its Effects

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RESEARCH PROJECT

ON

PEOPLE AWARENESS ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING

AND ITS EFFECTS

JOIN HANDS SAVE EARTH

SUBMITTED TO PUNJAB TECHINICAL UNIVERSITY

IN THE PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF

MASTERS IN BUSINESS ADMINSTRATION

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Abhishek Ranjan Prof. Harish Mehta

Rollno: 81407317061 PROJECT GUIDE

Ankit Nag

Rollno: 81407317071

Anuj Dadwal

Rollno: 81407317073

Gopal Bharwaj

Rollno: 81407317085

CT INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY

JALANDHAR


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PREFACE

MBA is stepping stone to management career. In order to develop a healthy

management and administration skill among potential managers, someone has rightlysaid that partial training is far better than the classroom training. To achieve partial and

concrete results, it is necessary that theoretical knowledge must be supplemented with an

exposure of the real business environment.

Keeping this in view and to go an exposure, we in the group of four conducted a survey

in Jalandhar. By doing this we learnt a lot which will help a lot in the future as well as in

the summer training.

The name of our project is PEOPLE AWRENESS ABOUT GLOBAL WARMINGAND ITS EFFECTS for which we conduct a survey in and around Jalandhar.


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AKNOWLEDGEMENT

We take this opportunity to express our sincere thanks and deep gratitude to our respectedand worthy project guide Asst.Professor Mr.Harish Mehta for giving us an opportunity to

work on such a lovely project.

We also thanks Mr.Harish Mehta for providing us help at every difficult situation and

for guiding us in his own way.

Last but not the least; we want to thank all the people who levied their precious time to

complete this project, without whose help this report wouldnt have materialized.


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GUIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the research project titled people awareness about global warmingand its effects has been conducted under my guidance and supervision. This project has

been submitted to Punjab Technical University for the partial fulfilment of the award of

degree in Masters of Business Administration.

This project has not been submitted in any other institute or university.

The project is submitted by: Abhishek ranjan(Roll no: 81407317061), Ankit Nag(Roll no:

8140731707), Anuj Dadwal(Roll no:81407317073), Gopal Bhardwaj(Roll

no:81407317085).

The sincerely of efforts put in during the course of investigation is hereby acknowledged.

Prof.Mr.Harish Mehta

(Project guide)


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STUDENTS DECLARATION

This project entitled PEOPLE AWRENESS ABOUT GLOBALWARMING AND ITS EFFECTS is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement

for the award of degree of master of business administration of Punjab technical

university, Jalandhar .

This research work is done by all the members of a group namely ,Abhishek Ranjan,

Ankit nag, Anuj dadwal, Gopal Bhardwaj .This research work has been done only for

MBA only and non of this research work has been submitted for any other degree.

The assistance and help during the execution of the project has been fully acknowledged.

Dated Abhishek ranjan

Roll no: 81407317061

Ankit Nag

Roll no: 81407317071

Anuj Dadwal

Roll no: 81407317073

Gopal bhardwaj

Roll no: 81407317085


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INDEX

Serial No. Particulars Page No.

1 Preface

2. Acknowledgement

3. Guide Certificate

4. Students Declaration

5. Introduction

6. Objectives

7. Research methodology

8. Data Analysis & Interpretation

9. Limitations

10. Findings

11. Suggestions

12. Conclusion

13. Bibliography

14. Annexure


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INTRODUCTION


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GLOBAL WARMING

Introduction

Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth's near-surface airand the oceans since the mid-twentieth century and its projected continuation. Global

surface temperature increased 0.74 0.18 C (1.33 0.32 F) during the last century.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concludes that anthropogenicgreenhouse gases are responsible for most of the observed temperature increase since the

middle of the twentieth century, and that natural phenomena such as solar variation and

volcanoes probably had a small warming effect frompre-industrial times to 1950 and a

small cooling effect afterward. These basic conclusions have been endorsed by more than40 scientific societies and academies of science, including all of the national academies

of science of the major industrialized countries.Climate model projections summarized in the latest IPCC report indicate that globalsurface temperature will likely rise a further 1.1 to 6.4 C (2.0 to 11.5 F) during the

twenty-first century. The uncertainty in this estimate arises from the use of models with

differing climate sensitivity, and the use of differing estimates of future greenhouse gasemissions. Some otheruncertainties include how warming and related changes will vary

from region to region around the globe. Most studies focus on the period up to 2100.

However, warming is expected to continue beyond 2100, even if emissions stop, because

of the large heat capacity of the oceans and the long lifetime of carbon dioxide in theatmosphere.

Increasing global temperature will cause sea levels to rise and will change the amount

and pattern ofprecipitation, likely including expansion of subtropical deserts. Thecontinuing retreat ofglaciers,permafrost and sea ice is expected, with the Arctic region

being particularly affected. Other likely effects include shrinkage of the Amazon

rainforest and Boreal forests, increases in the intensity ofextreme weatherevents, speciesextinctions and changes in agricultural yields.

Political and public debate continues regarding the appropriate response to global

warming. The available options are mitigation to reduce further emissions; adaptation toreduce the damage caused by warming; and, more speculatively, geoengineering to

reverse global warming. Most national governments have signed and ratified the Kyoto

Protocol aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_temperature_recordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Changehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropogenichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_variationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-industrialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_opinion_on_climate_changehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_opinion_on_climate_changehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_sensitivityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Report_on_Emissions_Scenarioshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Report_on_Emissions_Scenarioshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertaintyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CO2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level_risehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deserthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retreat_of_glaciers_since_1850http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrosthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_icehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_shrinkagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_rainforesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_rainforesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boreal_forestshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_weatherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction_risk_from_climate_changehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction_risk_from_climate_changehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_yieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_global_warminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming_controversyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitigation_of_global_warminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation_to_global_warminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoengineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Kyoto_Protocol_signatorieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_temperature_recordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsiushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Changehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropogenichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_variationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-industrialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_opinion_on_climate_changehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_opinion_on_climate_changehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_sensitivityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Report_on_Emissions_Scenarioshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Report_on_Emissions_Scenarioshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertaintyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CO2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level_risehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deserthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retreat_of_glaciers_since_1850http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrosthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_icehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_shrinkagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_rainforesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_rainforesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boreal_forestshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_weatherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction_risk_from_climate_changehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction_risk_from_climate_changehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_yieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_global_warminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming_controversyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitigation_of_global_warminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation_to_global_warminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoengineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Kyoto_Protocol_signatorieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol


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Global temperatures have increased by 0.75 C (1.35 F) relative to the period 1860

1900, according to the instrumental temperature record. The urban heat island effect is

unlikely to have significantly influenced this value and is estimated to account for about0.02 C of warming since 1900. Since 1979, land temperatures have increased about

twice as fast as ocean temperatures (0.25 C per decade against 0.13 C per decade).Temperatures in the lower troposphere have increased between 0.12 and 0.22 C (0.22

and 0.4 F) per decade since 1979, according to satellite temperature measurements.

Temperature is believed to have been relatively stable over the one or two thousand years

before 1850, with possibly regional fluctuations such as the Medieval Warm Period or theLittle Ice Age.

Ocean temperatures increase more slowly than land temperatures because of the larger

effective heat capacity of the oceans and because the ocean loses more heat byevaporation. The Northern Hemisphere has more land than the Southern Hemisphere so it

warms faster. The Northern Hemisphere also has extensive areas of seasonal snow andsea-ice cover subject to the ice-albedo feedback. Although more greenhouse gases areemitted in the Northern than Southern Hemisphere this does not contribute to the

difference in warming because the major greenhouse gases persist long enough to mix

between hemispheres.

Based on estimates by NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies 2005 was thewarmest year since reliable, widespread instrumental measurements became available in

the late 1800s, exceeding the previous record set in 1998 by a few hundredths of a

degree. Estimates prepared by the World Meteorological Organization and the ClimaticResearch Unit concluded that 2005 was the second warmest year, behind 1998.

Temperatures in 1998 were unusually warm because the strongest El Nio-Southern

Oscillation in the past century occurred during that year.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_temperature_recordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_heat_islandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_temperature_measurementshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_record_of_the_past_1000_yearshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_Warm_Periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Ice_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Hemispherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Hemispherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goddard_Institute_for_Space_Studieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climatic_Research_Unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climatic_Research_Unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o-Southern_Oscillationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o-Southern_Oscillationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_temperature_recordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_heat_islandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_temperature_measurementshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_record_of_the_past_1000_yearshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_Warm_Periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Ice_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Hemispherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Hemispherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goddard_Institute_for_Space_Studieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climatic_Research_Unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climatic_Research_Unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o-Southern_Oscillationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o-Southern_Oscillation


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GREEN HOUSE EFFECT:

INTRODUCTION

The greenhouse effect was discovered by Joseph Fourier in 1824 and first investigatedquantitatively by Svante Arrhenius in 1896. It is the process by which absorption and

emission of infrared radiation by atmospheric gases warm a planet's lower atmosphereand surface. Existence of the greenhouse effect as such is not disputed even by those who

do not agree that the recent temperature increase is attributable to human activity. The

question is instead how the strength of the greenhouse effect changes when human

activity increases the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. Naturally occurring greenhouse gases have a mean warming effect of about 33 C

(59 F), without which Earth would be uninhabitable. The major greenhouse gases are

water vapor, which causes about 3670 percent of the greenhouse effect (not includingclouds); carbon dioxide (CO2), which causes 926 percent; methane (CH4), which causes

49 percent; and ozone, which causes 37 percent.Human activity since the industrial revolution has increased the amount of greenhousegases in the atmosphere, leading to increased radiative forcing from CO2, methane,

tropospheric ozone, CFCs and nitrous oxide. The concentrations of CO2 and methane

have increased by 36% and 148% respectively since the mid-1700s. These levels are

considerably higher than at any time during the last 650,000 years, the period for whichreliable data has been extracted from ice cores. Less direct geological evidence indicates

that CO2 values this high were last seen approximately 20 million years ago.]Fossil fuel

burning has produced approximately three-quarters of the increase in CO2 from humanactivity over the past 20 years. Most of the rest is due to land-use change, in particular

deforestation.

CO2 concentrations are continuing to rise due to burning of fossil fuels and land-usechange. The future rate of rise will depend on uncertain economic, sociological,

technological, and natural developments. The IPCC Special Report on Emissions

Scenarios gives a wide range of future CO2 scenarios, ranging from 541 to 970 ppm bythe year 2100. Fossil fuel reserves are sufficient to reach this level and continue

emissions past 2100 ifcoal, tar sands ormethane clathrates are extensively exploited.

Aerosols

Global dimming, a gradual reduction in the amount of global direct irradiance at the

Earth's surface, may have partially counteracted global warming during the period 1960-

1990. Human-caused aerosols likely precipitated this effect. Scientists have stated with6690% confidence that the effects of human-caused aerosols, along with volcanic

activity, have offset some of the warming effect of increasing greenhouse gases.

Anthropogenic emissions of otherpollutantsnotably sulfate aerosols can exert acooling effect by increasing the reflection of incoming sunlight. This partially accounts

for the cooling seen in the temperature record in the middle of the twentieth century,

though the cooling may also be due in part to natural variability. James Hansen and

colleagues have proposed that the effects of the products of fossil fuel combustionCO 2and aerosolshave, for the short term, largely offset one another, so that net warming in

recent decades has been driven mainly by non-CO2 greenhouse gases.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Fourierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrheniushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption_(electromagnetic_radiation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraredhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vaporhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_forcinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_forcinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiative_forcinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrous_oxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas#Increase_of_greenhouse_gaseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_corehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deforestationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Report_on_Emissions_Scenarioshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Report_on_Emissions_Scenarioshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar_sandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane_clathratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_dimminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollutanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Fourierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrheniushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption_(electromagnetic_radiation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraredhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vaporhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_forcinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_forcinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiative_forcinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrous_oxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas#Increase_of_greenhouse_gaseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_corehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deforestationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Report_on_Emissions_Scenarioshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Report_on_Emissions_Scenarioshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar_sandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane_clathratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_dimminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollutanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hansen


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Ozone

Ozone depletion, the steady decline in the total amount ofozone in Earth's stratosphere,

is sometimes cited in relation to global warming. Although there are a few areas oflinkage the relationship between the two is not strong. Reduction of stratospheric ozone

has a cooling influence, but substantial ozone depletion did not occur until the late 1970s.

Tropospheric ozone is a positive forcing and contributes to surface warming.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_depletionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_depletion#Ozone_depletion_and_global_warminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_depletion#Ozone_depletion_and_global_warminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_depletionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_depletion#Ozone_depletion_and_global_warminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_depletion#Ozone_depletion_and_global_warming


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CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING

what causes global warming?

Carbon dioxide and other air pollution that is collecting in the atmosphere like a thickeningblanket, trapping the sun's heat and causing the planet to warm up. Coal-burning power plants

are the largest U.S. source of carbon dioxide pollution -- they produce 2.5 billion tons every year.Automobiles, the second largest source, create nearly 1.5 billion tons of CO2 annually.

Here's the good news: technologies exist today to make cars that run cleaner and burn less gas,modernize power plants and generate electricity from non polluting sources, and cut ourelectricity use through energy efficiency. The challenge is to be sure these solutions are put touse.

Global Warming is caused by many things. The causes are split up into two groups, man-

made or anthropogenic causes, and natural causes.

Natural Causes

Natural causes are causes created by nature. One natural cause is a release of methane gas

from arctic tundra and wetlands. Methane is a greenhouse gas. A greenhouse gas is a gasthat traps heat in the earth's atmosphere. Another natural cause is that the earth goes

through a cycle of climate change. This climate change usually lasts about 40,000 years .

Man-made Causes

Man-made causes probably do the most damage. There are many man-made causes.

Pollution is one of the biggest man-made problems. Pollution comes in many shapes andsizes. Burning fossil fuels is one thing that causes pollution. Fossil fuels are fuels made of

organic matter such as coal, or oil. When fossil fuels are burned they give off a green

house gas called CO2. Also mining coal and oil allows methane to escape. How does it

escape? Methane is naturally in the ground. When coal or oil is mined you have to dig upthe earth a little. When you dig up the fossil fuels you dig up the methane as well.

Another major man-made cause of Global Warming is population. More people means

more food, and more methods of transportation, right? That means more methane becausethere will be more burning of fossil fuels, and more agriculture. Now your probably

thinking, "Wait a minute, you said agriculture is going to be damaged by Global

Warming, but now you're saying agriculture is going to help cause Global Warming?"Well, have you ever been in a barn filled with animals and you smell something terrible?

You're smelling methane. Another source of methane is manure. Because more food is

needed we have to raise food. Animals like cows are a source of food which means moremanure and methane. Another problem with the increasing population is transportation.

More people means more cars, and more cars means more pollution. Also, many peoplehave more than one car.Since CO2 contributes to global warming, the increase in

population makes the problem worse because we breathe out

CO2. Also, the trees that convert our CO2 to oxygen are being

demolished because we're using the land that we cut the treesdown from as property for our homes and buildings. We are not

replacing the trees (an important part of our eco system), so we


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are constantly taking advantage of our natural resources and giving nothing back in

return.

Cause of global warming

Almost 100% of the observed temperature increase over the last 50 years has been due to

the increase in the atmosphere of greenhouse gas concentrations like water vapour,carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and ozone. Greenhouse gases are those gases that

contribute to the greenhouse effect (see below). The largest contributing source of

greenhouse gas is the burning of fossil fuels leading to the emission of carbon dioxide.

The greenhouse effect

When sunlight reaches Earth's surface some is absorbed and warms the earth and most of

the rest is radiated back to the atmosphere at a longer wavelength than the sun light.

Some of these longer wavelengths are absorbed by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

before they are lost to space. The absorption of this longwave radiant energy warms the

atmosphere. These greenhouse gases act like a mirror and reflect back to the Earth some

of the heat energy which would otherwise be lost to space. The reflecting back of heat

energy by the atmosphere is called the "greenhouse effect".

The major natural greenhouse gases are water vapor, which causes about 36-70% of the

greenhouse effect on Earth (not including clouds); carbon dioxide CO2, which causes 9-

26%; methane, which causes 4-9%, and ozone, which causes 3-7%. It is not possible to

state that a certain gas causes a certain percentage of the greenhouse effect, because the

influences of the various gases are not additive. Other greenhouse gases include, but are

not limited to, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons

and chlorofluorocarbons.

Global warming causes by greenhouse effect

Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (see above) act like a mirror and reflect back to the

Earth a part of the heat radiation, which would otherwise be lost to space. The higher the

concentration of green house gases like carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the more heat

energy is being reflected back to the Earth. The emission of carbon dioxide into the

environment mainly from burning of fossil fuels (oil, gas, petrol, kerosene, etc.) has been

increased dramatically


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What is the most significant cause of global warming?

The primary cause of global warming is Carbon Dioxide emissions. CO2 is being

pumped into our atmosphere at an insane pace; 8 billion tons of CO2 entered the air last

year. Of course some of this is due to natural activity such as volcanic eruptions and

people breathing. But the Earth is equipped to easily absorb those into the normal

regenerative process. No, the beginning of global warming was caused by fossil fuels

being burned and emitting plenty of CO2.

Currently in the world 40% of all CO2 emissions are caused by power plants. These are

burning coal, natural gas and diesel fuel. Some power plants burn garbage. Some burn

methane made from garbage. And discounting those super green electrical generatingplants designed to issue negligible pollutants, all of our power plants let loose into the

atmosphere CO2.

33% of all the CO2 sent forth is the product of cars and trucks. Internal combustion

engines burning fossil fuelsgasoline and diesel spew forth a retching amount of CO2.

3.5% of all CO2 emissions are released from aircraft traveling our friendly skies.

Unfortunately, jets and other aircraft deliver their payload of pollutants directly into the

troposphere.

EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING


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Is there really cause for serious concern?

Yes. Global warming is a complex phenomenon, and its full-scale impacts are hard topredict far in advance. But each year scientists learn more about how global warming is

affecting the planet, and many agree that certain consequences are likely to occur if

current trends continue. Among these:

Melting glaciers, early snowmelt and severe droughts will cause more dramatic

water shortages in the American West.

Rising sea levels will lead to coastal flooding on the Eastern seaboard, in Florida,and in other areas, such as the Gulf of Mexico.

Warmer sea surface temperatures will fuel more intense hurricanes in the

southeastern Atlantic and Gulf coasts.

Forests, farms and cities will face troublesome new pests and more mosquito-

borne diseases.

Disruption of habitats such as coral reefs and alpine meadows could drive many plant and

animal species to extinction.

When a warming trend results in effects that induce further warming, the process is

referred to as a positive feedback; when the warming results in effects that act to reduce

the original warming, the process is referred to as a negative feedback. The main positivefeedback involves the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the

atmosphere. The main negative feedback is the effect of temperature on emission of

infrared radiation: as the temperature of a body increases, the emitted radiation increaseswith the fourth powerof its absolute temperature.

Water vapor feedback

If the atmosphere is warmed the saturation vapour pressure increases, and the

amount of water vapor in the atmosphere will tend to increase. Since water vapor

is a greenhouse gas the increase in water vapor content makes the atmosphere

warm further; this warming causes the atmosphere to hold still more water vapor(apositive feedback), and so on until other processes stop the feedback loop. The

result is a much larger greenhouse effect than that due to CO2 alone. Although this

feedback process causes an increase in the absolute moisture content of the air,the relative humidity stays nearly constant or even decreases slightly because the

air is warmer.

Cloud feedback
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Warming is expected to change the distribution and type of clouds. Seen from

below, clouds emit infrared radiation back to the surface, and so exert a warming

effect; seen from above, clouds reflect sunlight and emit infrared radiation tospace, and so exert a cooling effect. Whether the net effect is warming or cooling

depends on details such as the type and altitude of the cloud, details that are

difficult to represent in climate models.

Lapse rate

The atmosphere's temperature decreases with height in the troposphere. Since

emission of infrared radiation varies with the fourth power of temperature,

longwave radiation escaping from the upper atmosphere to space is less than that

emitted from the lower atmosphere toward the ground. Thus, the strength of thegreenhouse effect depends on the atmosphere's rate of temperature decrease with

height. Both theory and climate models indicate that global warming will reduce

the rate of temperature decrease with height, producing a negative lapse rate

feedback that weakens the greenhouse effect. Measurements of the rate of

temperature change with height are very sensitive to small errors in observations,making it difficult to establish whether the models agree with observations.

Aerial photograph showing a section of sea ice. The lighter blue areas are melt ponds andthe darkest areas are open water, both have a lower albedo than the white sea ice. The

melting ice contributes to the ice-albedo feedback.

Ice-albedo feedback

When ice melts, land or open water takes its place. Both land and open water are

on average less reflective than ice and thus absorb more solar radiation. This

causes more warming, which in turn causes more melting, and this cyclecontinues.

Arctic methane release
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Warming is also the triggering variable for the release of methane from sources

both on land and on the deep ocean floor, making both of these possible feedback

effects. Thawing permafrost, such as the frozen peatbogs in Siberia, creates a positive feedbackdue to the potentially rapid release of CO2 and CH4.Reduced

absorption of CO2 by the oceans

Ocean ecosystems' ability to sequester carbon are expected to decline as the

oceans warm. This is because warming reduces the nutrient levels of the

mesopelagic zone (about 200 to 1000 m depth), which limits the growth ofdiatoms in favor of smallerphytoplankton that are poorer biological pumps of

carbon.

Attributed and expected effects

Sparse records indicate that glaciers have been retreating since the early 1800s. In the

1950s measurements began that allow the monitoring of glacial mass balance, reported to

the WGMS and theNSIDC.

It usually is impossible to connect specific weather events to global warming. Instead,global warming is expected to cause changes in the overall distribution and intensity ofevents, such as changes to the frequency and intensity of heavy precipitation. Broader

effects are expected to include glacial retreat,Arctic shrinkage, and worldwide sea level

rise. Other effects may include changes in crop yields, addition of new trade routes,reduced summer streamflows, species extinctions, and changes in the range of disease

vectors.

Some effects on both the natural environment and human life are, at least in part, alreadybeing attributed to global warming. A 2001 report by the IPCC suggests that glacier

retreat, ice shelf disruption such as that of the Larsen Ice Shelf, sea level rise, changes in

rainfall patterns, and increased intensity and frequency of extreme weather events are

attributable in part to global warming.Other expected effects include water scarcity insome regions and increased precipitation in others, changes in mountain snowpack, and

adverse health effects from warmer temperatures.

Social and economic effects of global warming may be exacerbated by growingpopulation densities in affected areas. Temperate regions are projected to experience

some benefits, such as fewer cold-related deaths.A summary of probable effects and

recent understanding can be found in the report made for the IPCC Third AssessmentReport by Working Group II.The newer IPCC Fourth Assessment Report summary

reports that there is observational evidence for an increase in intense tropical cyclone

activity in the North Atlantic Ocean since about 1970, in correlation with the increase in

sea surface temperature (see Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation), but that the detection of

long-term trends is complicated by the quality of records prior to routine satelliteobservations. The summary also states that there is no clear trend in the annual

worldwide number of tropical cyclones.Additional anticipated effects include sea level rise of 0.18 to 0.59 meters (0.59 to 1.9 ft)

in 2090-2100 relative to 1980-1999, repercussions to agriculture, possible slowing of the

thermohaline circulation, reductions in the ozone layer, increasingly intense (but lessfrequent). hurricanes and extreme weather events, lowering of ocean pH, oxygen

depletion in the oceans.and the spread of diseases such as malaria and dengue fever, as
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well as Lyme disease, hantavirus infections, bubonic plague, and cholera. One study

predicts 18% to 35% of a sample of 1,103 animal and plant species would be extinctby

2050, based on future climate projections. However, few mechanistic studies havedocumented extinctions due to recent climate change and one study suggests that

projected rates ofextinction are uncertain.

Increased atmospheric CO2 increases the amount of CO2 dissolved in the oceans.CO2dissolved in the ocean reacts with water to form carbonic acid, resulting in ocean

acidification. Ocean surface pH is estimated to have decreased from 8.25 near the

beginning of the industrial era to 8.14 by 2004, and is projected to decrease by a further0.14 to 0.5 units by 2100 as the ocean absorbs more CO2. Since organisms and

ecosystems are adapted to a narrow range ofpH, this raises extinction concerns, directly

driven by increased atmospheric CO2, that could disrupt food webs and impact human

societies that depend on marine ecosystem services.
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Graphical description of risks and impacts from global warming from the Third

Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Laterrevisions to this work suggest significantly increased risks.

The effects ofglobal warming are of concern both for the environment and humanlife. Scenarios studied by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

predict that global warming will continue and get worse much faster than wasexpected even in their last report. Research by NOAA indicate that theeffects of global warming are already irreversible.The IPCC reports attributemany specific natural phenomena to human causes. The expected long range

effects of recent climate change may already be observed. Rising sea levels,glacier retreat, Arctic shrinkage, and altered patterns of agriculture are cited asdirect consequences of human activities. Predictions for secondary and

regional effects include extreme weather events, an expansion of tropical

diseases, changes in the timing of seasonal patterns in ecosystems, and drastic

economic impact. Concerns have led to political activism advocating proposalsto mitigate, or adapt to it. Geoengineering is a further potential response, which

could potentially reverse some effects that may otherwise be irreversible.[3]

It is notable that many of the effects of global warming are non-linear in nature, with

potential for dramaticpositive feedbackeffects. This means that the climate may enter a

critical state where small changes can trigger runaway or abrupt climate change.Geoengineering has been suggested as a means of interrupting or reversing these effects.

A notable example of a 'runaway' effect is the release ofmethane from clathrates (knownas the clathrate gun effect)

Local climate change

The first recorded South Atlantic hurricane, "Catarina", which hit Brazil in March 2004

In the northern hemisphere, the southern part of the Arctic region (home to 4,000,000people) has experienced a temperature rise of 1 C to 3 C (1.8 F to 5.4 F) over the last

50 years. Canada, Alaska and Russia are experiencing initial melting ofpermafrost. This

may disrupt ecosystems and by increasing bacterial activity in the soil lead to these areasbecoming carbon sources instead ofcarbon sinks. A study (published in Science) of

changes to eastern Siberia's permafrost suggests that it is gradually disappearing in the
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southern regions, leading to the loss of nearly 11% of Siberia's nearly 11,000 lakes since

1971. At the same time, western Siberia is at the initial stage where melting permafrost is

creating new lakes, which will eventually start disappearing as in the east. Furthermore,permafrost melting will eventually cause methane release from melting permafrost peat

bogs.

Hurricanes were thought to be an entirely North Atlantic phenomenon. In late March2004, the first Atlantic cyclone to form south of the equator hit Brazil with 40 m/s

(144 km/h) winds, although some Brazilian meteorologists deny that it was a hurricane.

Monitoring systems may have to be extended 1,600 km (1,000 miles) further south. Thereis no agreement as to whether this hurricane is linked to climate change, but one climate

model exhibits increased tropical cyclone genesis in the South Atlantic under global

warming by the end of the 21st century.

Glacier retreat and disappearance

A map of the change in thickness of mountain glaciers since 1970. Thinning in orange

and red, thickening in blue.

Lewis Glacier, North Cascades, WA USA is one of five glaciers in the area that melted

away
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In historic times, glaciers grew during a cool period from about 1550 to 1850 known as

the Little Ice Age. Subsequently, until about 1940, glaciers around the world retreated as

the climate warmed. Glacier retreat declined and reversed in many cases from 1950 to1980 as a slight global cooling occurred. Since 1980, glacier retreat has become

increasingly rapid and ubiquitous, and has threatened the existence of many of the

glaciers of the world. This process has increased markedly since 1995. Excluding the icecaps and ice sheets of the Arctic and Antarctic, the total surface area of glaciers

worldwide has decreased by 50% since the end of the 19th century. Currently glacier

retreat rates and mass balance losses have been increasing in the Andes, Alps, Pyrenees,Himalayas,Rocky Mountains andNorth Cascades.

The loss of glaciers not only directly causes landslides, flash floods and glacial lake

overflow, but also increases annual variation in water flows in rivers. Glacier runoff

declines in the summer as glaciers decrease in size, this decline is already observable inseveral regions. Glaciers retain water on mountains in high precipitation years, since the

snow cover accumulating on glaciers protects the ice from melting. In warmer and drier

years, glaciers offset the lower precipitation amounts with a higher meltwater input.

Of particular importance are the Hindu Kush and Himalayan glacial melts that comprisethe principal dry-season water source of many of the major rivers of the Central,South,

East and Southeast Asian mainland. Increased melting would cause greater flow forseveral decades, after which "some areas of the most populated regions on Earth are

likely to 'run out of water'" as source glaciers are depleted. According to a UN climate

report, the Himalayan glaciers that are the sources of Asia's biggest riversGanges,

Indus, Brahmaputra, Yangtze, Mekong, Salween and Yellowcould disappear by 2035as temperatures rise. Approximately 2.4 billion people live in the drainage basin of the

Himalayan rivers. India, China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Myanmar could

experience floods followed by droughts in coming decades. In India alone, the Gangesprovides water for drinking and farming for more than 500 million people. It has to be

acknowledged, however, that increased seasonal runoff of Himalayan glaciers led to

increased agricultural production in northern India throughout the 20th century.The recession of mountain glaciers, notably in Western North America, Franz-Josef

Land, Asia, the Alps, the Pyrenees, Indonesia and Africa, and tropical and sub-tropical

regions of South America, has been used to provide qualitative support to the rise inglobal temperatures since the late 19th century. Many glaciers are being lost to melting

further raising concerns about future local water resources in these glacierized areas. The

Lewis Glacier, North Cascades pictured at right after melting away in 1990 is one of the

47 North Cascade glaciers observed and all are retreating.Despite their proximity and importance to human populations, the mountain and valley

glaciers of temperate latitudes amount to a small fraction of glacial ice on the earth.

About 99% is in the great ice sheets of polar and subpolar Antarctica and Greenland.These continuous continental-scale ice sheets, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) or more in thickness,

cap the polar and subpolar land masses. Like rivers flowing from an enormous lake,

numerous outlet glaciers transport ice from the margins of the ice sheet to the ocean.
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Retreat of the Helheim Glacier, Greenland

Glacier retreat has been observed in these outlet glaciers, resulting in an increase of the

ice flow rate. In Greenland the period since the year 2000 has brought retreat to severalvery large glaciers that had long been stable. Three glaciers that have been researched,

Helheim, Sermeq Kujalleq and Kangerdlugssuaq Glaciers, jointly drain more than 16%

of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Satellite images and aerial photographs from the 1950s and1970s show that the front of the glacier had remained in the same place for decades. But

in 2001 it began retreating rapidly, retreating 7.2 km (4.5 mi) between 2001 and 2005. It

has also accelerated from 20 m (66 ft)/day to 32 m (100 ft)/day. Sermeq Kujalleq inwestern Greenland is generally considered the fastest moving glacier in the world. It had

been moving continuously at speeds of over 24 m (79 ft)/day with a stable terminus since

at least 1950. The glacier's ice tongue began to break apart in 2000, leading to almost

complete disintegration in 2003, while the retreat rate doubled to over 30 m (98 ft)/day.Glacier retreat and acceleration is also apparent on two important outlet glaciers of the

West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Pine Island Glacier, which flows into the Amundsen Sea

thinned 3.5 0.9 m (11 3.0 ft) per year and retreated 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) in 3.8 years.The terminus of the glacier is a floating ice shelf and the point at which it is afloat is
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sermeq_Kujalleqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland_Ice_Sheethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Antarctic_Ice_Sheethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine_Island_Glacierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundsen_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier_terminushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Retreat_of_the_Helheim_Glacier,_Greenland.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Retreat_of_the_Helheim_Glacier,_Greenland.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sermeq_Kujalleqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland_Ice_Sheethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Antarctic_Ice_Sheethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine_Island_Glacierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundsen_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier_terminus


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retreating 1.2 km (0.75 mi)/year. This glacier drains a substantial portion of the West

Antarctic Ice Sheet and has been referred to as the weak underbelly of this ice sheet. This

same pattern of thinning is evident on the neighboring Thwaites Glacier cliff.

Oceans

The role of the oceans in global warming is a complex one. The oceans serve as a sink forcarbon dioxide, taking up much that would otherwise remain in the atmosphere, but

increased levels of CO2 have led to ocean acidification. Furthermore, as the temperature

of the oceans increases, they become less able to absorb excess CO2. Global warming isprojected to have a number of effects on the oceans. Ongoing effects include rising sea

levels due to thermal expansion and melting of glaciers and ice sheets, and warming of

the ocean surface, leading to increased temperature stratification. Other possible effects

include large-scale changes in ocean circulation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_acidificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_acidification


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OBJECTIVES


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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To know the awareness of people about global warming.

2. To know the concept of green house effect according to the general public.

3. To know whether people are concerned about the changing climatic condition and increasedtemperature.

4. To ascertain the contribution made by the people in the sample towards global warming

5. Whether the cause of global warming is really known to the masses.

6. The effects known to people are on long term basis or short term basis.

7. The survival of human being is a major question in future, is the current information about global

warming enough to create awareness.

8. To know the alternative available to substitute the burning of fossil fuels.


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RESEARCH

METHODOLOGY


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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. DEFINING THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

The definition of the problem includes the awareness of people about global warming andits effects.

B. DEVELOPING THE RESEARCH PLAN.

It has the following types:

1. DATA SOURCES.

Two types of data were taken into consideration i.e., primary data and secondary data.

But major emphasis was given on gathering primary data. The secondary data was used

only to supplement the primary and make things clear.

a) Primary Data: the collection of data for this source includes

Questionnaire filled up by people.

General discussion so made at the time of filling up of questionnaire.

b) Secondary Data: It includes various sites on the internet.

2. SAMPLING PLAN

a) Sampling Unit: who is to be surveyed?

The target population was people of various places in Jalandhar, pathankot,

joginder nagar(HP), Faridabad(NCR)

Based on convenience sampling.

b) Sampling Size:

The size of our sample was 200.


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DATA INTERPRETATION

AND ANALYSIS


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DATA INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS

1.You have come across discussions on global warming from which of the following:

Table:

Particulars No.of respondents %age of respondents

Newspaper articles 73 36.5

Magazines 26 13

Journals 17 8.5

Debates 8 4

Seminar attended 18 9

Special TV programmes 58 29

Total 200 100

Graphical Representation

0

1020

3040

5060

70

80

Newspaper

articles

Magazines

Journals

Debates

Seminar

attended

SpecialTV

programmes

particulars

respondents

No.of respondents

%age of respondents

Interpretation: It is clear from the above that the maximum of the newspaper articlesgive awareness about global warming contributing at 36.5%. Although special TV

programmes do generate awareness at 29% of the total sample.


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2.Which of the following do you think contributes maximum in global warming:

Table:

Particulars No. of respondents %age of respondents

Smoke from factories 60 30

Smoke fromautomobiles

34 17

CFC from refrigerators 14 7

CO2 from ACs 24 12

Fire extinguisher 4 2

CO2 increase due to cuttingof trees 54 27

Use of electric bulbs 4 2

Use of cooking gas (LPG) 2 1

Increased use of electric

appliances

4 2

Total 200 100


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

No. of respondents %age of respondents

Smoke fromfactories

Smoke fromautomobiles

CFC fromrefrigerators

CO2 from ACs

Fire extinguisher

CO2 increase due to

cutting of trees

Use of electric bulbs

Use of cooking gas (LPG)

Increased use of electric

appliances


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3.Do you agree the atmospheric temperature is increasing year by year?

Table:


Yes 198 99

No 2 1

Total 200 100

Graphical Representation:

0

50

100

150

200

250

Yes Noparticulars

no.ofrespondents

No.of respondents

%age of respondents

Interpretation: from the above it can be clearly said that the increase in the atmospherictemperature year by year is agreed upon by 99% of the sample population.


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4. Increase in the quantity of which gas in the atmosphere will contribute maximum

in global warming.

Table:


Oxygen (O) 5 2.5

Hydrogen (H2) 5 2.5

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 25 12.5

Carbon dioxide (CO2) 96 48

Carbon Monoxide (CO3) 24 12

Chloro floro carbon (CFC) 40 20

Use of electric bulbs 5 2.5

Total 200 100

Graphical representation:

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

No.of respodents %age of respondents

Oxygen (O)

Hydrogen (H2)

Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Carbon Monoxide (CO3)

Chloro floro carbon (CFC)

Use of electric bulbs

Interpretation: 48%of the sample size agrees upon the increase in the CO2 gas willcontribute maximum in global warming.


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5. The greenhouse effect is:

Table:

Particulars No .of respondents %age of respondents

The sun ray entering the earthatmosphere

39 19.5

The sun rays are reflected

back from the ozone layer

56 28

The sun rays entering the earthatmosphere, when reflected

back are trapped

95 47.5

The sun rays reflected back

are not trapped

10 5

Total 200 100


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

No .of respondents %age of respondents

The sun ray entering the

earth atmosphere

The sun rays are reflected

back from the ozone layer

The sun rays entering the

earth atmosphere, whenreflected back are trapped

The sun rays reflected

back are not trapped

Interpretation: It is interpreted from the above that 47.5% of the sample size is clear with

concept of green house effect


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6. The natural greenhouse so formed is affected adversely by which of the following:

Table:


Increase in the carbon contentin the smoke

89 44.5

Increase in the sulphur content

emitted by factories

48 24

Increase in the carbonmonoxide

50 25

Increase in the nitrogen

content

13 6.5

Total 200 100


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100


Increase in the carbon

content in the smoke

Increase in the sulphur

content emitted by

factories

Increase in the carbon

monoxide

Increase in the nit rogen

content

Interpretation: it is interpreted from the above that 44.5 % of the sample size state that the

increase in the carbon content in the smoke adversely effects the naturally formed green

house.


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7. The effect of global warming is on:

Table:


Change in the climaticcondition. 39 19.5

Rising water level of oceans 41 20.5

Decrease in the output of

seasonal agro foods

12 6

Increase in atmospheric

temperature

57 28.5

Disturbances in normal

seasonal changes

23 11.5

Decreasing water table i.e.

underground water level.

9 4.5

Increase in the ultraviolet

radiation of sun rays.

19 9.5

Total 200 100

Graphical representation

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

No.of respondents %age of respondents

Change in the climaticcondition.

Rising water level ofoceans

Decrease in the output of

seasonal agro foods

Increase in atmospheric

temperature

Disturbances in normalseasonal changes

Decreasing water table i.e.

underground water level.

Increase in the ultraviolet

radiation of sun rays.

Interpretation: 28.5% of the respondents submit to increase in theatmospheric temperature,20.5% say rising water level of oceans, 19.5% saythat change in the climatic condition will adversely effect the survival ofhuman beings.


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8.Which of the following do you have at home and in what quantity.

(please specify against the option)

Table:

Particulars Quantity

Air Conditioner (AC) 162

Refrigerator 216

TV 304

Computer 168

Microwave 116

Normal Bulb 1286

CFL 1274

Geysers 178

Car 150

Two Wheeler 260

Generators/Invertors 124

Graphical representation

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Quantity

Air Conditioner (AC)

Refrigerator

TV

Computer

Microwave

Normal Bulb

CFL

Geysers

Car

Two Wheeler

Generators/Invertors


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9. The four Wheeler vehicle you have is running on:

Table:

Particulars No. of respondents %age of respondentsPetrol 82 56.95

Diesel 48 33.33

CNG 6 4.17

LPG 8 5.55

Total 144 100


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Petrol Diesel CNG LPG

particulars

No. of respondents

%age of respondents

Interpretation: 56.95 % of the respondents have vehicle running on petrol,33.33 %of the respondents have their vehicle running on diesel.


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10. Do you use your four wheeler regularly while going at work?

Table:

Particulars No.of respondents %age of respondentsYes 78 54.17

No 66 45.83

Total 144 100


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

7080

90

Yes No

particulars

No.of respondents

%age of respondents

Interpretation: 54.17 %of the respondents are regularly using there fourwheeler while going at work and 45.83% of the them are not regularly usingthere four wheeler while going at work.


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11. At traffic lights do you put off the engine of your vehicle?

Table:

Particulars No.of respondents %age of respondentsYes 128 70.33

No 54 29.67

Total 182 100


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

No.of respondents %age of respondents

Yes

No

Interpretation: 70.33% of the respondents are putting off there vehicle at thetraffic light and 29.67 % of them are not into use of doing so.


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12. Which type of geysers do you have at home?

Table:

Particulars No.of respondents %age of respondentsLPG 42 26.25

Electric 108 67.50

Solar 10 6.25

Total 160 100


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

LPG Electric Solar

particulars

No.of respondents

%age of respondents

Interpretation: 67.50% of the respondents are having electric geysers, 26.25% of the respondents are having LPG geysers and very few 6.25% of therespondents are having solar geysers.


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13. For how much time do you use your geyser?

Table:


0-1/2 hrs 60 37.5

1/2-1 hrs 44 27.5

1-2 hrs 32 20

2- more hrs 24 15

Total 160 100


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0-1/2 hrs 1/2-1 hrs 1-2 hrs 2- more hrs

particulars

No.of respondents

%age of respondents

Interpretation: 37.5% of the respondents use geysers for 0-1/2 hrs, 27.5 % ofthem use for -1 hrs, 20% of them for 1-2hrs, for 2hrs or more 15% of therespondents use geysers.


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14. The capacity of your AC is

Table:


0.5 Ton 42 31.34

1 Ton 28 20.90

1.5 Ton 52 38.81

2 Ton or more 12 8.95

Total 134 100


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0.5 Ton 1 Ton 1.5 Ton 2 Ton or

more

particulars

No. of respondents

%age of respondents

Interpretation: 38.81 % of the respondents have AC with the capacity of 1.5ton, 31.34 %of them use 0.5 ton, 20.90% of them use 1 ton, and only 8.95 %of the respondents are using the AC with the capacity of 2 ton or more.

15. You use the AC for how much time in a day?


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Table:

Particulars No.of respondents %age of respomdents

for 1 hrs 22 16.42

1-3 hrs 28 20.90

3-6 hrs 52 38.81

6-12 hrs 20 14.93

12 hrs 12 8.95

Total 134 100


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

for 1 hrs 1-3 hrs 3-6 hrs 6-12 hrs 12 hrs

particulars

No.of respondents

%age of respomdents

Interpretation: 38.81 5 of the respondents are using AC for 3-6 hrs a day,20.90 % of the respondents are using AC for 1-3 hrs a day, 14.93 % of themare using AC for 6- 12 hrs a day and 8.95% of the respondents are using ACfor more than 12 hrs.

16. How often you use your microwave


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Table:


Regularly 22 18.03

As per requirement 54 44.26

Rarely 46 37.71

Total 122 100


0

10

20

30

40

50

60


Regularly

As per requirement

Rarely

Interpretation:44.26 % of the respondents use microwave as per therequirement, 37.71 % of the respondents use the microwave rarely, 18.03 %of them are using microwave regularly.

17. You keep the electric bulb/CFL switched on during day also


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Table:


YES 78 39

NO 122 61

Total 200 100


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

YES NO

particulars

No. of respondents

%age of respondents

Interpretation: 61 % of the respondents are not keeping the lights on duringday as compared to the 39% of the respondents doing the opposite.

18. Which cooking stove you have


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Table:


LPG 166 83

Electric 18 9

Solar 16 8

Total 200 100


0

20

40

60

80

100120

140

160

180

LPG Electric Solar

particulars

No. of respondents

%age of respondents

Interpretation: 83% of the respondents have the LPG cooking stove besidesthe 9% and 8% of the respondents having electric and solar cooking stoverespectively.

19. While cooking you use


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Table:


Pressure cooker 174 87

open utensils 26 13

Total 200 100


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Pressure cooker open utensils

particulars

No.of respondents

%age of respondents

Interpretation: 87% of the respondents use pressure cooker for cooking and13 % of the respondents use open utensils.


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20. Use of solar energy would be the best option besides burning fuel

Table:

Particulars No .of respondents %age of respondents

Strongly agree 92 46

Agree 78 39

Cant say 26 13

Disagree 2 1

Strongly disagree 2 1

Total 200 100


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Stronglyagree

agree Cant say Disagree Stronglydisagree

No .of respondents

%age of respondents

Interpretation: 46% 0f the respondents strongly agree, 39% of themagree,13% cant say about it,1% disagree and strongly disagree for the useof solar as the best alternative source of replacing the burning of fossil fuels.


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LIMITATIONS


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LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

1, The survey is conducted on a sample size of just 200 people

2. The survey is based on convenience of the researcher.

3. The calculation for contribution in global warming is based on simple mathematicalcalculation.

4. The technical know how in calculating the contribution made by the sample size inglobal warming may vary with actual method adopted.


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FINDINGS


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FINDINGS

1. 36.5% and 29% of people have come across the concept of global warming

through newspaper articles and special TV programmes respectively.

2. The cause of global warming as given by the respondents is

30% from smoke from factories.

27% from CO2 increase due to cutting of trees.

3. 99% of people agree upon the change in the atmospheric temperature due to

global warming year by year.

4. The concept of green house effect is clear among 47.5% of the people.

5. For the survival of human beings the effect of global warming is on

Increase in atmospheric temperature according to 28.5% respondents.

Rising water level of oceans according to 20.5% respondents.

Change in the climatic condition according to 19.5% respondents.

6. According to the specific research: using 1 litre of petrol produces about 1kg of

water vapour and 2.17 kg of CO2 .walking, carpooling ,using public transport

saves at least 2 litre of petrol a week. This will stop the release of2.17X2X52=225.68 kg of CO2 into the atmosphere annually.

According to the survey there are 150 cars which the respondents are usingregularly for going at work. If the above quoted is followed this means they will

stop the release of 150 X 2 X 2.17 X52= 33852kg of CO2 into the atmosphere

annually.

7. According to the specific research: using a geyser for an hour generates 3.3kg of

CO2 . if we cut down the use of geyser by just 1 hr a day, we can stop the release

of 3.3X365=1204.5 kg of CO2 into the atmosphere annually.

According to the survey there are total of 178 geysers which the respondents are

using. If they cut down the use of geysers by 1 hr a day, they will stop the releaseof 178X3.3X365= 214401kg of CO2 into the atmosphere annually.

8. According to the specific research: an AC (2.5 tonne) used for an hour generates3kg of CO2 . If we go without AC for an hour a day, the release of 3X 365=1095

kg of CO2 into the atmosphere per year, can be prevented.

According to the survey: there are 12 AC with the capacity of 2 & more tonne.

This means if above is taken then the release of 12X3X365=13140kg of CO 2 is

stopped by the respondents annually.


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9. According to the specific research: using a microwave oven for an hour

generates 1.3kg of CO2 . If we eat food without using microwave to heat it, just

for one hour a week, we can stop the release of 1.3X52=67.6 kg of CO2 into theatmosphere annually.

According to the survey: 22 microwaves are being used regularly. This means ifthe above is taken into consideration then the release of 22X1.3X52=1487.2kg of

CO2 is stopped by the respondents annually.

10.Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) use 1/3 the electricity used by regular bulb.

Therefore, according to the survey there are 1286 normal bulb being used by the

respondents. If they replace their normal bulbs with the CFLs this means theysave power. Energy used for our daily needs of electricity comes from burning

fossil fuels. Using less power means lower emission of greenhouse gasses into the

atmosphere.

11. 174 respondents are using pressure cooker for cooking, it means they consume

20% less LPG. Thus the emission of greenhouse gasses is also reduced.


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SUGGESTIONS


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SUGGESTIONS

THE ESTIMATED POPULATION OF INDIA IS 1.27 BILLION. IF EACH PERSON

PLANTS JUST ONE TREE IN A LIFE TIME WE CAN ELIMINATE 1.27 BILLION

research project on people awareness about global warming and its effects

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