BY : ELSAANU

GAYATHRIALANBINOYDIJO

“Only when the last tree has died, the last river poisoned and the last fish caught, will we realize that we cannot eat money”

WHAT IS GLOBAL WARMING?

Refers to the long term increase in temperature which is global

in nature.

Disturbs balance between hot and cold

areas in the atmosphere.

Caused by the increase in GHG(CO2,CH4,N2O…),they act as

a blanket resulting a rise in temperature

CONTRIBUTION OF GHG’S TOWARDS CLIMATE CHANGE

CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING

Climate should not be confused with weather.

Climate change refers to variation in global and

regional climates over time

Changes the climate system as a whole shifting the

average pattern.

Climate change and global warming are co related

CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING

……. Human activities …..main cause

Burning of fossil fuels - emit excess GHGs

making a thicker blanket of ghg’s increasing heat

Forest destruction

Increase in co2

Industrial pollution

Incorrect waste management

Depletion of land and soil………

IMPACTS

Coastal ecosystem:• Includes mangrooves, coral reefs, sea grass, marine life• Vulnerable to the effects of frequency changes in rainfall and

level rise• May be damaged by warmer sea temperature disasters• Can cause high tides, storms, floods, seismic sea

waves(tsunami)• 46 mn people on an average are affected economic impacts• Damages economic sectors

INDIAN COASTLINE

Total length from Sunder bans in West Bengal till the Rann of Kutch in gujarat-5700km.

Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar group of islands constitute-1810 km

few major coastal ports

Mumbai, Chennai, Vishakhapatnam, Kolkata, Kochi and Goa

Western coastline has a continental shelf having an area of 0.13mn sq. km.

CRZ

Coastal regulation zone is the boundary from the high tide line up to 500m in the land -ward side.

Four categories:

CRZ I : Ecologically important areas like national parksCRZ II: Already exploited to some extent like drainage etc. CRZ III: Undisturbed areas not included under I & II.CRZ IV : Coastal areas in Andamans, Lakshadweep and other

small islands.

THE GREATEST THREAT- SEA LEVEL RISE

Inundation of coastal colonies

India is one of the 28 countries endagered from sea level rise

Total area of 5763 sqkm and 4.6% of the coastal population

would be affected

Most vulnerable areas-gujarat,mumbai,south

kerala,lakshadweep islands

DISPLACEMENT OF COMMUNITIESFacts:

Reports say-sea level rise between 15 to 38 cm can affect tens of

thousands of people at the coasts

A meter rise today would displace 7 million people

Sudhir Chellarajan(IIT professor)has determined that by the end of

the century 12 million people would be displaced in west Bengal

The problem of coastal refugees would start irking the governments

soon : their rehabilitation, compensation and effect on economy..

BYE BYE BEACHES…….Threatning to chew up beaches of Vishakhapatnam. In the past

month it has gouged 75 metre of the section through erosion

Puri’s beaches are slowly disintegrating

Climatic factors and man made development is causing heavy toll on the beaches of Goa. Water has started to enter close to solid ground….would affect tourism and local coastal communities

GLOBAL WARMING CAUSING CHANGE IN MONSOONSChanges in the monsoon pattern in India are expected to result

in severe floods, droughts

Scientists predict a 3-5 degree rise in temperature causing a

20% increase in summer rainfall.

A vast population depends upon rainfall for their livelihood

Changes in water cycle can cause diseases such as malaria,

cholera, hepatitis,etc.

SEA WATER INTRUSION

The vulnerability area increases with every 0.5 m rise in

sea level.

Maximum near the creeks and minimum along main coast.

Irrigated agriculture, coastal activities , tourism at risk

Saline water may make land unfit for agriculture

Two islands already vanished from Sunder bans

displacing 7000 people. Two more islands at risk.

Increased Sea Level, Increased Floods

MUMBAIFrequent floods and sea water intrusion has affected structural

stability of high rise buildings

About 40% of the population in Mumbai vulnerable to sea water

intrusion due increased water level

Low lying areas of Byculla to Parel and Dadar which had mill areas

given to industries

Huge construction have destroyed their capability of acting as water

sinks during heavy rains

Again dislocation of people

VOICE OF FISHERFOLK:“EARLIER WE USED TO OFFER COCONUTS TO THE GODS OF THE

SEA AND THEY USED TO LET US FISH PEACEFULLY. THOSE DAYS ARE GONE……..”

THIS IS THE VOICE OF THE FISHERFOLK

HAVE NO FAITH ON THE GOVERNMENT AND OTHER AGENCIES

“MANY TIMES THEY HAVE ISSUED WARNINGS,BUT NOTHING EVER HAPPENS……….BUT THEY DON’T REALISE THAT OUR LIVELIHOOD IS AT STAKE”

“WE DO NOT DEMAND TO SHUT DOWN INDUSTRIES……BUT TO GIVE US ATLEAST OUR SHARE”

COASTAL REFUGEES

Special type of climate refugees – basically inhabitants of the

coasts

Displaced due to rise in sea level and inundation of their

villages

Or due to sea water intrusion making land saline and

unavailable for agriculture

7000 people already coastal refugees in Sunder bans and

70,000 looming under large threat

No proper care hence can lead to dissent among people

CLIMATE

REFUGEES

Story-The end of world in VersovaOver a hundred shanties were swept away last year July, tides rose

to 5.05 m.

13 lakh people in a state of risk

Fresh water supply has drastically reduced

Improper drainage system

the IPCC (intergovernmental panel on climate change)has declared

Versova as danger zone

GOVERNMENT ACTIONS

A metre increase in sea level can affect 13 lakh people

Government has sanctioned Mr. Rajendra.K.Pachauri along with his

committee to do a probe study on the coastal regions of Maharastra

(worth 98 lakhs)

They have collaborated with MOHC(met office Headley centre)

Different agencies may differ but what is of main concern is the

impacts

OPTING FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Sustainable development means developing in such a way that

our resources are utilised in the best possible way and can be

replenished for future generations

Now has become a global concept

Many countries have recognised it and are adopting it

It is necessary for all

This would directly affect the lives of the people

INDIA WITH SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT:In India current plans are to tally contradictory to sustainable

development

Growth in power, transport, energy would alone contribute

40% of GHG emissions

The planning commission and the government have to bind

sustainable development and economic growth plans in such a

way that they don’t conflict each other

WHAT IS TO BE DONE?Despite of have to make a choice and our future will depend on thatWe cannot solely rely on government agencies, scientists and

economists to actWhile coastal communities have a low carbon footprint than us, we

can too reduce ours by adopting various methods of alternative sources of energy

We should change our thinking of using exotic products, which have created a mindset of a higher standard of living

We should realise that saving resources would in turn be the best possible way to live

CAN INDIA SHOW THE WAY ?

Developed countries worst polluters

India and China still developing and can build in an environmental

friendly way

Public Transport, low carbon emissions etc. should be aimed

Actively supported the cause of environment in Copenhagen Summit

Basic professions like agriculture and mining can easily reduce

carbon emissions

A GENDER AND LIVELIHOOD BASED APPROACH

Gender refers to social roles and relations between men and

women

Use participatory approaches to involve all members of the

community in planning

Enhance local capacity to adapt

Introduce tools in a locally sensitive way

Draw on local knowledge

Understand local gender roles

CHANGE BEGINS WITH ME

Can not solely depend on government agencies, research and

scientists

Underlying point remains the same : Reduce your carbon footprint.

Use more non conventional sources of energy - sun, wind etc.

Coastal Management should be based on the region –

decentralized

Decision making should be flexible

BIBLIOGRAPHYWebsites:www.infochangeindia.orgwww.wikipedia.com/globalwarming

Books and magazine:The Coast isn’t Clear – Voices from Mumbai’s MarginsMumbai Mirror – 28th April, 2009

Resource Person:Mr. John – Centre for Education and Documentation, ColabaMs. Jacintha - Centre for Education and Documentation, Colaba

THANK YOU.

“It seems to me that we all look at nature too much, and live with her too little”

- Oscar Wilde