RenaissanceRenaissance

By:By:Joseph EngeJoseph Enge

RevisionsRevisionsMike HarvieMike Harvie

I.I. The Renaissance was the period that followed (brought The Renaissance was the period that followed (brought Europe out of) the Middle Ages. It was a time of renewed Europe out of) the Middle Ages. It was a time of renewed interest in things of this world.interest in things of this world.

A. A. Human beings and their conditionsHuman beings and their conditions B.B. Education, art, literature, and scienceEducation, art, literature, and science C.C. Approximately 1300- 1600Approximately 1300- 1600

TimelineTimeline

Renaissance Timeline

II.II. The Renaissance started in Italy where wealth from The Renaissance started in Italy where wealth from trade supported art learning.trade supported art learning.

A.A. Here also modern Here also modern capitalismcapitalism was born. was born. Private individuals or companies, not the Private individuals or companies, not the government, owned businesses. The main goal is government, owned businesses. The main goal is profit.profit.

B.B. RepublicanRepublican government arose in most government arose in most cities. Citizens participated.cities. Citizens participated.

"The Renaissance gave birth to the modern era, in that it was in this era that human beings first began to think of themselves as individuals. In the early Middle Ages, people had been happy to see themselves simply as parts of a greater whole – for example, as members of a great family, trade guild, nation, or Church. This communal consciousness of the Middle Ages gradually gave way to the individual consciousness of the Renaissance." – McGrath, Alister, In the Beginning, Anchor Books (2001), p.38.

HumanismHumanism

Pursuit of individualismPursuit of individualism Recognition that humans are Recognition that humans are

creativecreative Appreciation of art as a product of Appreciation of art as a product of

manman Basic culture needed for allBasic culture needed for all Life could be enjoyableLife could be enjoyable Love of the classical pastLove of the classical past

"When a mural or altarpiece came to be judged not for its pious effulgence and fitness for the spot in need of decoration, but instead for what we now call its aesthetic merit, art for art's sake was just below the horizon. Aesthetic appreciation is something more than spontaneous liking; a good eye for accurate representation is not enough; one must be able to judge and talk about style, technique, and originality." – Barzun, Jacques, From Dawn to Decadence, Perennial, 2000, p70.

Causes of the RenaissanceCauses of the Renaissance

Lessening of feudalismLessening of feudalism Church disrespectedChurch disrespected Nobility in chaosNobility in chaos Growth of Middle Class through tradeGrowth of Middle Class through trade

Fall of ConstantinopleFall of Constantinople Greek scholars fled to ItalyGreek scholars fled to Italy

EducationEducation Nostalgia among the Italians to recapture Nostalgia among the Italians to recapture

the glory of the Roman empirethe glory of the Roman empire

Italian BackgroundItalian Background

Major city centersMajor city centers Venice: Republic ruled Venice: Republic ruled

by oligarchy, Byzantine by oligarchy, Byzantine originsorigins

Milan: Visconti and Milan: Visconti and Sforza familiesSforza families

Florence (Tuscany): Florence (Tuscany): Republic ruled by the Republic ruled by the MediciMedici

Papal States: Ruled by Papal States: Ruled by the Popethe Pope

Kingdom of Naples: Kingdom of Naples: King of AragonKing of Aragon

Italian BackgroundItalian Background

FlorenceFlorence Medici's—family of physiciansMedici's—family of physicians Money in bankingMoney in banking Financed wool tradeFinanced wool trade Became defacto rulers of Became defacto rulers of

FlorenceFlorence

Italian BackgroundItalian Background Cosimo de MediciCosimo de Medici

Advanced arts and educationAdvanced arts and education Piero de MediciPiero de Medici

Continued father’s artistic supportContinued father’s artistic support Lorenzo de MediciLorenzo de Medici

PoetPoet Friend of MichelangeloFriend of Michelangelo Rebuilt University of PisaRebuilt University of Pisa Continued to invite scholars to Continued to invite scholars to

FlorenceFlorence

III. Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527)III. Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527), in , in The The Prince (1513) Prince (1513) said, basically, one must do said, basically, one must do whatever one must do to get and stay in power. whatever one must do to get and stay in power. If it works, it is the "right" thing to do. Forget If it works, it is the "right" thing to do. Forget ideals; lie, cheat, even murder if you must. A ideals; lie, cheat, even murder if you must. A stable state is needed.stable state is needed.

IV. HumanismIV. Humanism, a system of thought and action concerned , a system of thought and action concerned with human interests and values, was the dominant with human interests and values, was the dominant movement of the Renaissance.movement of the Renaissance.

A.A. Human beings have dignity and Human beings have dignity and intelligence.intelligence.

B.B. They (we) can change the world and make They (we) can change the world and make it it a better place for all.a better place for all.

V. The ideal so-called Renaissance man was successful in V. The ideal so-called Renaissance man was successful in business, well-mannered, educated, athletic, and brave.business, well-mannered, educated, athletic, and brave.

A.A. The goal of education became making The goal of education became making people people well-rounded.well-rounded.

B.B. Religion remained important, but the Religion remained important, but the authority authority and some practices of the church and some practices of the church began to be began to be questioned.questioned.

ArchitectureArchitecture

Basilica

Romanesque

Gothic

Dome ComparisonDome ComparisonIl Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s US capital

Gutenberg BibleGutenberg Bible

C. The Gutenberg Bible, named for the craftsman and C. The Gutenberg Bible, named for the craftsman and inventor of printing by use of moveable type, Johannes inventor of printing by use of moveable type, Johannes Gutenberg, was completed in Gutenberg, was completed in 1455 1455 at Mainz, Germany. at Mainz, Germany. The three-volume Latin text arguably represents the The three-volume Latin text arguably represents the greatest single innovation in the history of greatest single innovation in the history of communication technology, as well as a style of printing communication technology, as well as a style of printing that existed almost unaltered until the twentieth century. that existed almost unaltered until the twentieth century. Gutenberg’s invention and the dispersion of relatively Gutenberg’s invention and the dispersion of relatively cheap printed materials ultimately stimulated enormous cheap printed materials ultimately stimulated enormous change—social, political, economic, and religious. Some change—social, political, economic, and religious. Some forty perfect vellum copies of Gutenberg’s masterpiece forty perfect vellum copies of Gutenberg’s masterpiece of technological advancement still exist in the world. of technological advancement still exist in the world.

American Rhetoric: Movie Speech from Luther - Luther Defends Himself at the Imperial Diet of Worms

ComparativeComparative

VI. VI. Some brilliant people lived during this Some brilliant people lived during this time.time.

A.A. Leonardo da VinciLeonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) painted (Mona Lisa), (1452-1519) painted (Mona Lisa), studied geology, chemistry and anatomy, designed studied geology, chemistry and anatomy, designed buildings, canals and weapons, and sketched engines buildings, canals and weapons, and sketched engines and flying machines.and flying machines.

Leonardo da Vinci

Timeline

B.B. Michelangelo Buonaroti (1475-1564) Michelangelo Buonaroti (1475-1564) painted (the painted (the Sistine Chapel ceiling), sculptured (David), designed Sistine Chapel ceiling), sculptured (David), designed buildings, and wrote poetry.buildings, and wrote poetry.

C.C. Desiderius Erasmus (1469?-1536)Desiderius Erasmus (1469?-1536), a priest who wrote , a priest who wrote

books, books, The Praise of FollyThe Praise of Folly 1509 1509, , condemned ignorance condemned ignorance and superstition. He believed education could lead to and superstition. He believed education could lead to

more perfect societiesmore perfect societies..

“There are also those who think that there is nothing that they cannot obtain by relying on the magical prayers and charms thought up by some charlatan for the sake of his soul or for profit. Among the things they want are: wealth, honor, pleasure, plenty, perpetual good health, long life, a vigorous old age, and finally, a place next to Christ in heaven. However, they do not want that place until the last possible second; heavenly pleasures may come only when the pleasures of this life, hung onto with all possible tenacity, must finally depart. I can see some businessman, soldier, or judge taking one small coin from all his money and thinking that it will be proper expiation for all his perjury, lust, drunkenness, fighting, murder, fraud, lying and treachery. After doing this, he thinks he can start a new round of sinning with a new slate.”— Erasmus in Praise of Folly

D. Raphael (1483-1520)D. Raphael (1483-1520)

E. Titian (1485-1576)E. Titian (1485-1576)

More art can be viewed at the More art can be viewed at the LouvreLouvre Museum Official Website Museum Official Website

F.F. William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare wrote plays showing humans as wrote plays showing humans as in God's image, but part of this world as well.in God's image, but part of this world as well.

William Shakespeare at eNotes

Shakespeare’s HamletShakespeare’s Hamlet

“To be or not to be….”

British Monarchs of the PeriodBritish Monarchs of the Period

Last of the Plantagenet DynastyLast of the Plantagenet DynastyWar of the Roses 1455-1485War of the Roses 1455-1485

House of LancasterHouse of Lancaster House of YorkHouse of York House of TudorHouse of Tudor

Official British Royal Family Web siteOfficial British Royal Family Web site

Family TreeFamily Tree

The Tudors

Edward III (1312-1377)Edward III (1312-1377)PlantagenetPlantagenet

Richard II (1367-1400)Richard II (1367-1400)PlantagenetPlantagenet

Henry IV (1367-1413)Henry IV (1367-1413)LancasterLancaster

Henry V (1387-1422)Henry V (1387-1422)LancasterLancaster

Henry VI (1421-1471)Henry VI (1421-1471)LancasterLancaster

Edward IV (1442-1483)Edward IV (1442-1483)YorkYork

Edward V (1470-1483)Edward V (1470-1483)YorkYork

Richard III (1452-1485)Richard III (1452-1485)YorkYork

Henry VII (1457-1509)Henry VII (1457-1509)TudorTudor

Henry VIII (1491-1547)Henry VIII (1491-1547)TudorTudor

Catherine of Aragon Anne Boleyn Jane Seymour

Anne of Cleves Catherine Howard Catherine Parr

Edward VI (1537-1553)Edward VI (1537-1553)TudorTudor

Lady Jane Grey (1537-1554)Lady Jane Grey (1537-1554)9-day reign9-day reign

Mary I (1516-1558)Mary I (1516-1558)TudorTudor

Elizabeth I (1533-1603)Elizabeth I (1533-1603)TudorTudor

Sir Walter Raleigh Sir Francis Drake

Defeat of the Spanish Armada 1588