LEADERSHIP AND LEADERSHIP STYLES A LECTURE DELIVERED BY

ALLAH DAD KHAN AGRICULTURE VISITING PROFESSOR TO STUDENTS

OF AGRICULTURE EXTENSION

Definition of Leadership

Leadership, according to Peter DeLisle, is the ability to influence others, with or without AuthorityAll successful endeavors are the result of

human effort; thus, the ability to influence others is a derivation of

Interpersonal CommunicationsConflict ManagementProblem solving

Leadership

Leadership is the ability to develop a vision that

motivates others to move with a passion toward

a common goal

Motivating

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12 Unique Insights On Leadership, According To Bob Danzig

1. Become a “destiny architect”

2. Encourage “elasticity of thinking” -- be a “destiny pursuer” versus an “operational comfort seeker”

3. Identify, assess, and engage the very best talent

4. Become “strategic” rather than “operational”

5. Create a “climate or spirit of celebration and applause” -- spirited organizations excel

6. Be committed every day to putting the pickax to the mountain, find new ways to lift yourself and others higher

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12 Unique Insights On Leadership

7. Be the source of “possibility thinking”

8. Let your co-workers know they are “worthwhile” and full of promise

9. Find disciplined, organized ways to focus on integrity, trust, credibility, and the commitment to do the right thing

10. Know that management is about today -- and leadership is about tomorrow!

11. Know that management is about process -- leadership is about purpose

12. Recognize “success” is not about perfection, it's about “progress”

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The Leadership Challenge Focus on the individual members and the team

Provide employees and stakeholders the opportunity to develop and utilize their talents and strengths

Listen to employee’s concerns

Allocate the right resources for the right project, at the right time

Specify standards and expectations

Delegate responsibility through empowerment

Let employees and stakeholders identify their own interests and abilities

Lead by example: set the standard for excellence

What is leadership?

Leading people

Influencing people

Commanding people

Guiding people

LEADERSHIP STYLES

1.AutocraticLeadership ( Authoritarian)Style

1. Leader makes decisions without reference to anyone else2. It is a classical approach 3. High degree of dependency on the leader4. Can create de-motivation and alienation

of staff5. May be valuable in some types of business where decisions need to be

made quickly and decisively6. Staff expected to obey orders without recieving any explanation 7. Structured set of rewards and punishment 8. Greatly criticized

Adolf Hitlor

2.Democratic( Participatory style)

1. Also known as Participatory.2. Encourage staff to be a part of the decision making.3. Staff informed about everything that affects their work. 4. May help motivation and involvement

Workers feel ownership of the firm and its ideasImproves the sharing of ideas and experienceswithin the business Can delay decision making

Barak Obama

3.Laissez-Faire or free rein style

Behaviors Where to use it Impact on others

Knows what is happening but not directly involved in it

When the team is working in multiple locations or remotely

Effective when team is skilled, experienced, and self-directed in use of time and resources

Trusts others to keep their word

When a project, under multiple leaders, must come together by a specific date

Autonomy of team members leads to high job satisfaction and increased productivity

Monitors peGives feed back regularly.rformance

To get quick results from a highly cohesive team

Leader acts as a ‘father figure’Paternalistic leader makes decision but may

consultBelieves in the need to support staff George Bush

5.Charismatic

Behaviors Influences others through power of personality Acts energetically, motivating others to move forward Inspires passion May seem to believe more in self than in the team When to Use It To spur others to action To expand an organization's position in the marketplace To raise team morale Impact on Others Can create risk that a project or group will flounder if leader leaves Leader's feeling of invincibility can ruin a team by taking on too

much risk Team success seen as directly connected to the leader's presence

6.Innovative

BehaviorsGrasps the entire situation and goes beyond the usual course of actionCan see what is not working and brings new thinking and action into playWhen to Use ItTo break open entrenched, intractable issuesTo create a work climate for others to apply innovative thinking to solve problems, develop

new products and servicesImpact on Others1. Risk taking is increased for all2. Failures don't impede progress3. Team gains job satisfaction and enjoyment4. Atmosphere of respect for others' ideas is present

Abdul Qadeer Khan

7.Command and control

BehaviorsFollows the rules and expects others to do the sameWhen to Use It1. In situations of real urgency with no time for discussion2. When safety is at stake3. In critical situations involving financial, legal, or HR issues4. In meeting inflexible deadlines5. Demands immediate compliance6. Engages in top-down interactions7. Is the sole decision makerImpact on Others8. If used too much, feels restrictive and limits others' 9. ability to develop their own leadership skills10. Others have little chance to debrief what11. was learned before next encounter with leader

A yub khan

8.Pace setter

BehaviorsSets high performance standards for self and the groupEpitomizes the behavior sought from othersWhen to Use ItWhen staff are self-motivated and highly skilled, able to embrace new

projects and move with speedWhen action is key and results are criticalImpact on OthersCannot be sustained too long, as staff may "burn out" from demanding paceResults delivered at a speed staff can't always keep up with

Nawaz Sharif

9.Servant Leadership

1. He is servant first . It begins with a heart inspired to “ serve” first not to lead.

2. Leadership decisions then becomes inevitable and inspires the servant leader to assume responsibility.

3. Hee or she is sharply different from the persn who is “ Leader first”

Gandhi

10.Situational Leadership

1. A good leader will change intuitively between styles according to the people and work they are dealing with.

2. This is often referred to as “ Situational Leadership”

Dwight Eisenhower.

11.Transformational

1.Make Change Happen in self and others incuding group and organizations.

2. Charishma a special leadership style commonly associated with transformational leadership exteremly powerful , exteremly hard to teach.

Martin Luther King Jr

12. Bureaucratic Leadership Style

An autocrat doesn’t require a bureaucracy, but the autocrat and the bureaucracy goes together like a hand and glove. One  reason has be do with obedience to authority. In fact, one can make an argument that in large groups such as the multinational corporations and government agencies authority is the most common type of influence used.

Shebaz Sharif

13.The coaching style

A great coach is definitely a leader who also possess a unique gifts ability to teach and train.They groom people to improve both knowledge and skill.

Ali Khamenei 

14.Emergent Leadership style

Contrary to the belief of many, groups don’t automatically accept a new “boss” as leader. Emergent leadership is what you must do when one taking over a new group.

15. Cross cultural Leadership style

Not all individuals can adapt to the leadership styles expected in a different culture whether that culture is organizational or national. In fact, there is some evidence that American and Asian Leadership Styles are very different, primarily due to cultural factors.

Abraham Lincoln

16. Leader Exchange style

Sometimes known as leader-member exchange, the style involves the exchange of favors between two individuals. An exchange can be hierarchical between the boss and subordinate or occur between two individuals of equal status. For this leadership style to work, you need to know how to develop, maintain and repair relationships.

17. Strategic Leadership

This is practiced by the military services such as the Pak Army, Pak Air Force, and many large corporations. It stresses the competitive nature of running an organization and being

able to out fox and out wit the competition.

18. Team Leadership

A few years ago, a large corporation decided that supervisors were no longer needed and those in charge were suddenly made “team leaders.” Today, companies have gotten smarter about how to exert effective team leadership, but it still takes leadership to transition a group into a team.

Barack Obama

19. Facilitative Leadership

This is a special style that anyone who runs a meeting can employ. Rather than being directive, one using the facilitative leadership style uses a number of indirect communication patterns to help the group reach consensus.

20. Visionary Leadership Style

The “vision thing” is something all great leaders have. It was seen through out history in the great ones. For example, Alexander the Great clearly had a vision of how to make an empire work.Visionary leadership has many different elements to it. 

21.Transactional Leadership style

1. Commonly seen in large, bureaucratic organizations.2. “ By the book” approach the person work with in the rule.3. In opposition to transactional leadership.4. Emphasizes getting things done with in the umbrella of the

status quo.

Charles de Gaulle.

22. Primal Leadership Style

It would seem that just when you have it all sorted out, someone invents a new set of labels. Goleman’s model of leadership is a relatively recent addition to the pantheon of leadership style. In this case, it is Danel Goleman. A psychologist who can write in more scholar English, he was one of the major people who popularized Emotional Intelligence and then followed it up with a book called “Primal Leadership

23. Collaborative Leadership style

A collaborative leader tries to involve everyone in the organization in leadership. She is truly first among equals, in that she may initiate discussion, pinpoint problems or issues that need to be addressed, and keep track of the organization as a whole, rather than of one particular job. But decisions are made through a collaborative process of, a codiscussion, and some form of either majority or consensus agreement. Toward that endllaborative leader tries to foster trust and teamwork among the staff as a whole.

Rarely does one hear anybody celebrate the FDA. But lately the agency’s gatekeeper for cancer drugs is getting nearly universal praise for his effort to speed promising medications to markeRicha

rd Pazdur

24.Affiliative Leaders

The affiliative style is most effective in situations where morale is low or teambuilding is needed.  This leader is easily recognized by their theme of "employee first."  Employees can expect much praise from this style; unfortunately, poor performance may also go without correction

25.Authoritative Leaders

If a business seems to be drifting aimlessly, the authoritative style can be very effective in this type of situation.  The authoritative leader is an expert in dealing with the problems or challenges at hand, and can clearly identify goals that will lead to success.  They also allow employees to figure out the best way to achieve those goals.

26.Coercive Leadership

The coercive style should be used with caution because it's based on the concept of "command and control," which usually causes a decrease in motivation among those interacting with this type of manager.  The coercive leader is most effective in situations where the company or group requires a complete turnaround.  It is also effective during disasters, or dealing with underperforming employees; usually as a last resort.

Sadam Hussain

27.Political Leadership Style

Indira rPriyadashini Gandhi

28. Anti-apartheid leader

The Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM), originally known as the Boycott Movement, was a British organization that was at the centre of the international movement opposing South Africa's system of apartheidand supporting South Africa's non-whites

29.Apartheid Leadership Style

Under apartheid, the rights, associations, and movements of the majority black inhabitants and other ethnic groups were curtailed and Afrikanerminority rule was maintained. Apartheid was developed after World War II by the Afrikaner-

dominated National Partyand Broederbond organizations.

30. The Diplomat Leader

 The visionary Diplomat leader will involve themselves with ideas and imaginings often linked to higher causes and values. While they may be active in their organizations, they will shine more for their ability to inspire and to share a larger vision. They look toward what the future can bring rather than the offerings of the past and present.

Martin Luther King

32. The Explorer Leader

 The agile Explorer leader is most likely to find quick solutions to any problems that arise and to take an organization in a new and exciting direction. They don't mind taking risks when they feel there's a decent chance the risks might pay off. They don't care about how others have done things in the past - only what the next big thing is. They are leaders oriented toward acting rather than planning and analyzing.

Richard Branson

31. The Sentinel Leader

 The responsible Sentinel leader will take care of business as an administrator who gets all the details right and handle things in a meticulous way. They are likely to honor the past and be strict about rules and protocols. These personality types work from a sense of responsibility for taking care of the greater good. Sentinels see their leadership role as protecting and preserving society, some slice of it or an established tradition.

Pope Francis

32.Spirtual Leadership Style

Spiritual leadership involves intrinsically motivating and inspiring workers through hope/faith in a vision of service to key stakeholders and a corporate culture based on  the values of altruistic love to produce a highly motivated, committed and productive workforce.  The purpose of spiritual leadership is to tap into the fundamental needs of both leaders and followers for spiritual well-being

Al Ghazali

33. Revolutionary Leader ship

Mao continues that: "Our Party organizations must be extended all over the country and we must purposefully train tens of thousands of cadres and hundreds of first-rate mass leaders. They must be cadres and leaders versed in Marxism-Leninism, politically far-sighted, competent in work, full of the spirit of self-sacrifice, capable of tackling problems on their own, steadfast in the midst of difficulties and loyal and devoted in serving the nation, the class and the Party. It is on these cadres and leaders that the Party relies for its links with the membership and the masses, and it is by relying on their firm leadership of the masses that the Party can succeed in defeating the enemy.

Mao Zedong.

34.Union Leadership

35.Social Leadership

Social skills may be defined as being able to communicate and cooperate effectively within and across culturally diverse boundaries (organizational, geographical, demographic, professionally) – experimenting, innovating, connecting, sharing, learning together and sup.porting one another Social Leader - Build and forge social exchanges.

36.Religious Leadership

Religion and spirituality are two things that are probably the most difficult to define in definite terms. It would be wrong to say that spirituality and religion don’t go hand in hand because they do; the only difference is that while religion is an organized system that pays homage to a god, spirituality is something that does not always need a deity to define the parameters of the person’s spiritual conduct.

Ayatollah Khomeini

37. Sports Leader

38.Organizational Leaders

The management staff that typically provides inspiration, objectives, operational oversight, and other administrative services to a business. Effective organizational leadership can help prioritize objectives for subordinates and can provide guidance toward achieving the overall corporate vision.

39.Family leadership style

40. Quiet Leader

The quiet leader leads by example. They do not tell people what to do. They do not force people to do things that they are not willing to do. They do not give loud speeches, sweeping statements and clear cut orders. They do what needs to be done, inspiring their followers to do the same.

Abraham Lincoln

41. Personal Leadership Style

It is exercised through the influence of personality.Directions and motivations are given personally.

King Abdullah of Saudia

42.Impersonal Leadership Style

Impersonal leadership is a term used to designate leadership exercised through subordinates of the leader or by non personal medium such as written instructions , orders, policies , etc .

43. Functional Leadership Style

Functional leadership exists because an individual possesses specialized skill and renders expert advice. The group follows him as it believes that his advice will help and guide them in

difficult and complicated situation.