korean nap experiences and lessons learned · 4 korean pledge 2020(2009, copenhagen) & ndc...
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Korean NAP Experiences and Lessons Learned
UNDP-UNEP NAP-Global Support Programme
24 September 2019, Busan
Korea Environment Institute Dr. Sang In KANG [email protected]
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Current Global Reference of Korean Climate Actions _ PA
§2. Goals: 2℃, further 1.5 ℃, adaptation, finance
§3. NDC (M&A, Means of Implementation, Support)
§4. GHG emission
reduction
§5. GHG
sink & capture
§7. Adaptation
NWP NAP
AC
§8. Loss & Damage
WIM
ExCom
§6. Cooperative approach
with ITMO
§9. Finance
§10. Technology
§11. Capacity Building
§12. Public
Participation
§13. Transparency
§14. Global Stocktake
§15. Compliance &
Implementation
Actions
Type
Goals
MOI
MRV
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Korean Pledge 2020(2009, Copenhagen) & NDC 2030(2015, Paris)
Pledge 2020 -30% off from BAU 2020 COP15 Copenhagen, 2009
NDC 2030 -37% off from BAU 2030 _COP21 Paris, 2015
Target Management System(2011)
Emission Trading System(2015)
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Operation of National GHG Management System: TMS & ETS
2014 Roadmap
2016 Initial NDC Roadmap
2018 Revised NDC Roadmap
Top National Level _ Low Carbon Green Growth Strategy (2008)
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Governance of Low Carbon Green Growth(LCGG) under FALCGG*
*Framework Act on Low Carbon Green Growth(2010)
Central Government (Ministries) - Development and Implementation of
5 year Plan of LCGG
reporting
Council of Local Government - Approval of 5 year Local LCGG - Ordnance for Local LCGG MRV
submission
Metropolitan Cities, Provinces - Development and Implementation
of 5 year Local Plan of LCGG - Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting
reporting Under the article 4.3 of FALCGG, national government supports local governments
during the development and implementation of local actions in the LCGG plans (Article 5,
Article 11)
National Committee on LCGG (Office of Prime Minister)
- Approval of National Strategy of LCGG - Monitoring and Evaluation of LCGG Implementation
Governance of Climate Actions in LCGG Framework
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Governance of Climate Change Actions under FALCGG*
*Framework Act on Low Carbon Green Growth(2010)
Office of Prime Minister - Establishment of 5 year Climate Change Action Plan
Central Government (Ministries) - 5 year Mitigation Planning - National GHG Inventory - GHG Emission Roadmaps
- (national, sectoral) - Emission Trading System
- Target Management System - Support to local mitigation actions
MITIGATION
Metropolitan Cities, Provinces (voluntary)
- Low Carbon Strategy and Roadmap - Local GHG Inventory
- Local programmes and projects
Central Government (MOE Korea) - 5 year Adaptation Planning
- Sectoral Adaptation Programmes - Support to local adaptation actions
- monitoring
Metropolitan Cities, Provinces (mandatory)
- 5 year local adaptation plan of actions - implementation of local actions
- self-evaluation and performance report
ADAPATION
reporting support
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Local Climate Actions are supported by public think-tank specialized in
climate change policy development and planning
Mitigation: GIR, KECO with Local CC Research Centers
Adaptation: KEI/KACCC with Local CC Research Centers
Local Climate Actions in 3 tiers Administrative Structure
_ 243 basic governance units in 17 Metropolitans and Provinces
Framework Act on Low Carbon Green Growth (April, 2010)
Article 48 (Assessment of Impacts of Climate Change and
Implementation of Measures for Adaptation)
(4) The Government shall exert itself preferentially for preventive management to reduce damage that may be caused by climate change and shall establish and implement countermeasures for mitigating impacts of climate change or for coping with health and natural disasters, as prescribed by Presidential Decree.
(5) The Government may provide citizens and business entities, who conduct activities in response to measures for adaptation, with technical and financial support as may be necessary.
(3) The Government shall research and assess impacts of climate change on ecosystem, biodiversity, atmosphere, water resources, water quality, public health, agricultural produce, fishery products, foodstuffs, forest, oceans, industries, and prevention of disasters and weakness therein and shall announce results therefrom to the public.
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* In December 2012, the 1st National Climate Change Adaptation Plan was revised based on impact analysis with Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP)scenario, which is used in the 5thIPCC Assessment Report.
Vision
Periods
To build safe society and support green growth through climate change adaptation
2009-2030 (22years) 2011-2015 (5years) 2016-2020 (5years)
Implementing Ministries
13 ministries 20 ministries
Features
• The first nation-wide official master plan for responding to climate change
• Suggest a national vision and directions toward adaptation policy
• Key action plan for low-carbon green growth, which is the national long-term vision
• Develop key indicators for climate change adaptation
• Suggest an adaptation plan to achieve a long-term vision
• Limited to the effects for climate change adaptation
• Prepare a plan based on existing adaptation issues
• Regular monitoring of the implementation status
• Differentiate mid and long-term goals for climate change adaptation at the national level
• Aim at creating co-benefits of mitigation and adaptation
• Harness science-based approach with impact and risk assessment of climate change
• Enhance monitoring on climate change impact and integrated performance assessment
<Key Changes>
National Climate Change Adaptation Master Plan
(2008.12)
1st National Climate Change Adaptation Plan* (2010.10)
2nd National Climate Change Adaptation Plan
(2015.12)
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Vision
Goal
Pathways towards Safe and Happy Society for the Public through Climate Change Adaptation
Implement-ing Basis
Active Public Participation
Policy Sector
Principles
Climate Change Risk Reduction and Opportunity Realization
Integrated Approach
Science-based Measures
Climate Resilience for the Vulnerable
Sustainable Development
Science-Based Risk
Assessment
• Establishing monitoring & prediction system on
climate change
• Developing Korean climate scenario
• Monitoring on climate impact
• Conducting vulnerability assessment &
risk assessment
• Providing integrated information system
Building a Safe Society
• Reporting the vulnerable to the climate
change
• Preventing and controlling public health
threat
• Managing the vulnerable areas and
facilities
• Responding to climate disaster
Strengthening
Competitiveness of the
Industrial Sector
• Enhancing adaptive capacity in industrial
sectors
• Building a foundation of adaptation
infrastructure
• Developing climate change adaptation
technologies
• Supporting Foreign Market Entry
Sustainable Natural
Resources Management
• Securing biodiversity
• Managing climate change risk for ecosystem
• Restoring ecosystem and managing
habitats
Building an
Internal/External
Implementing Basis
• Strengthening effectiveness of adaptation
policies
• Promoting local-level adaptation activities
• Enhancing international cooperation
• Promoting public relations and education
on adaptation
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1st National Climate Change Adaptation Plan 2nd National Climate Change Adaptation Plan
Composed in 9 areas and 67 detailed projects Integrated adaptation system by sectors; Economic, social , environment
Broad and long term visions and plans limited to adaptation measures
Mid-longterm & short-term goals for CC adaptation at the national level
Identified and implemented adaptation measures only
Considered the co-benefits of mitigation and adaptation of CC
Prioritized the adaptation measures mainstreamed in evolved ministries
CC impacts & risks evaluated for policies to be science proof and reflect the public demands
Suggested sectoral adaptation measures without priority
Set the priority of sectoral adaptation measures and key strategies
Secured the correlation with the govt keynote and higher-level plans
Secured the consistent direction with the value of policies by setting the adaptation principles
Regularly checked the implementation of adaptation measures
Strengthened the Monitoring and Evaluation system
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• Target: 341 projects of the 2nd NAP (based on the 87 prioritized climate change risks)
• Evaluation Points: Timeliness and effectiveness of the projects, Perspectives of the public
• Methodology: Quantitative and qualitative methods including perception surveys
Result Close connectivity needed between the identified risks and projects
Possibility of reducing the 87 risks: 70%
Need to strengthen the adaptation platform and its governance
Mainstreaming of policy awareness needed (from government to the
general public)
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• (Title) Local Adaptation Action Plan
• (Legal Basis) Article 38 Clause 2 of the ‘Enforcement Decree of Framework Act on
Low Carbon, Green Growth’
• (Establishing Entities) Regional(Metropolitan Cities/Do) and municipal(Si/Gun/Gu)
governments
• (Period / Spatial scale) 5-year / Administrative district
• (Description) Comprehensive measures including directions and strategies for the
changes by climate change and adaption sector-specific action plans.
1st Adaptation Plans at local governments
2nd Adaptation Plans at local governments
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Current Status
• (Title) Support for the key public corporations and organizations managing
infrastructure
• (Establishing Entities) Public corporations and organizations
• (Description)
- Support the initiation of the legislation of public sector climate change adaptation
reporting
- Enhancement of adaptation reporting system and improvement of its effectiveness
- Strengthen the effectiveness of public institution's policy enforcement
- Enhance awareness of adaptation capacity of public institutions and adaptation to
climate change
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• (Title) Support program for the private company’s adaptation to climate change.
• (Sector/ Establishing Entities) Private companies
• (Projects)
- Establishment of guidelines on adaptation measures
- Promotion of education and to strengthen adaptation capacity for climate change
- Customized consultation on adaptation and climate risks strategies
CRAS (Climate Change Risk Assessment System)
Based on each corps.’ financial statements, the
diagnostic system identifies, analyzes and
evaluates the potential risks and derives the
required stage of management and its priorities.
The outcome risks are converted into the
amount of costs(money) expected.
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• Comprehensive Policy Framework
- Korea is one of the few countries of which climate change adaptation plans are
initiated at all levels, including the national &local governments and public,
private sectors.
- The National Climate Change Adaptation Plan also covers a wide range of related
sectors including water, agriculture, etc
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• Designated Organization for Adaptation
- Support nationwide climate change adaptation policies development and
implementation
- Establish and manage global and regional climate change adaptation
networks
- Develop climate change vulnerability and risk assessment frameworks and
tools
- Raise public awareness of climate change adaptation
Main roles of KACCC
Korea Adaptation Center for Climate Change
- KACCC was established on July 1, 2009, based on MOE Instruction No. 850
- The items on the operation of KACCC was legalized by “the Clean Air
Conservation Act” (revised on May, 2012)
- The center collaborates closely with the Ministry of Environment
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• Rolling Plan
- Period oriented planning which helps to control and solve challenges with uncertainties
- In consideration of the characteristics of Climate Change and Korea’s structural system,
regularly checking and modifying the system has chosen to be the most suitable
method.
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• Mainstreaming Adaptation Policies for the Transition to -Climate-Safe Society
• (Strengthening the evaluation system)
- (Pre-Evaluation) Pre-evaluation system of adaptation factor, Internalization of
adaptation policy
- (Implementation Evaluation) Input focused→ Impact focused
• (Open Information/Facilitate Implementation) Reviewing the announcements of the
outcome per steps on the vulnerability assessments to promote voluntary climate
change adaptation efforts in all socio-economic sectors *
* expert liability review-> pre announcement and feedback for local govts-> announcement per
issues (heatwaves, coldwave)
• (Accelerate Performance) Dig and push on participatory CC adaptation flagship
projects for the visualization of the policy achievement
* Climate Safety City Project(since 2019: The Packaging of individual projects to cope with
climate change, total support project to the selected city)
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• Enhancing participation of CC adaption agencies
• (MoE) Focused on promoting interest and facilitating implementation through
strengthening evaluation, feedback and provision of the participation of the civil
society & improvement of research conditions of research institutions
• (Research Institutes) Build a governance platform between the national govt &
regional research institutes- enhance policy development and monitoring and
evaluation roles
• (Ministries and local govts) Highlight the roles of policy initiating agencies on each
CC adaption sectors
* extend the implementation monitoring, announcement of vulnerability indicators, etc
• (Civil Society) Take part as a major participant in the policy finding/ initiation
(including education and PR) evaluation/ feedback process
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• The 3rd National Climate Change Adaptation Plan
- The climate change risk assessment is being conducted, and the national climate
change risk list will be completed this year.
- The 3rd National Climate Change Adaptation Plan will be developed in 2020.
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Regional variation of climate risk _ Physical, Biological, Human risks (IPCC AR5 2014 SPM)
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Urgent Call for Regionally Coordinated Local Climate Resilience approach _ Present, Near term(-2040), Long term(-2100, 2℃ and 4℃ )
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HEAT WAVES DISTRIBUTION
_ TOP 3 IMPACTS IN 2℃ SCENARIO(GCOM)
Impact Adapted Regional and Local solutions for Public Health, Energy, Biodiversity and Others…
Food production(AR5)
_Change in catch potential (2051-2060 compared to 2001-2010)
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-21to -50%
-6 to -50%
Global and Regional Solutions to the coastal fish stock deplete and migration due to marine ecosystem change.
Early Warning System in Agriculture Sector
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Farm Land overlaid in Temperature Map
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Farm and orchard boundaries overlaid on the fine resolution temperature map
after scaling down of weather data using geospatial climatology technique
Risk Assessment and Development of Counter Measures
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Frost damage by blocking cold air
Frost safety by passing cold air
While climate extremes take place on many scales, impacts are experienced
locally and mitigation tools are a function of local conditions.
It’s the matter of the right information to the right people at the right time in
the right place with personalize information.
Urban Carbon & Climate Management System
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Solar Integrated Farming System _ Pioneering Farmers
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Solar Integrated Farming System _ Namdong Power Co.
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Village/Household DC or Combined Smart Grids with ESS
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Solar Integrated Farming System
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Village/Household DC or Combined Smart Grids with ESS
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