introduction to the first aid programmes 1. assist.prof.güldal İzbırak introduction to the first...

INTRODUCTION TO THE FIRST AID PROGRAMMES

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Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak

Introduction to the First Aid Program

AIM;is to inform the students about the First Aid Program and convey them basic terminology of First Aid.

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

In the end of this lecture the students should be able to;• tell the definition of first aid,• tell the difference between first aid and

emergency care• explain the aims of first aid• list the features of a first aider• explain the details when calling medical help

(112)• tell priorites in First Aid

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First Aid Program

AIM• to convey terms and concepts related to first aid.

• to equip with first aid skills on the model.

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First Aid Program

LEARNING OBJECTIVESAt the end of this course, student should be able to:

KNOWLEDGE• explain basic terms and concepts in first aid.• list medical issues requiring first aid and frequently encountered problems.

• list steps of first aid.

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First Aid ProgramLEARNING OBJECTIVES

SKILLS• apply

• basic life support, • basic transport techniques,• basic bandaging techniques completely and in accordance with the skills check list.

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Assist.Prof.Güldal İzbırak7

TOPICS Introduction to the First Aid Programmes Legal Aspect of First Aid Scene Assessment Basic life support Shock and bleeding control The unconscious Causalty Assessment of traumatized patient Injuries Burns, Heatstroke, Frostbite Fractures and dislocation Animal and insect bite Poisoning Foreign objects in the eye,nose,ear Chocking Drowning


Lecturers Güldal İzbırak, MD Hülya Akan, MD Özlem Tanrıöver, MD Ayse Arzu Akalın, MD

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Assessment

The Midterm exam will be written exam in MCQ style, effecting the 40% of the end of the year grade

The Final exam will be OSCE*, effecting the 60% of the end of the year grade.

*Objective Structured Clinical Exam (OSCE)

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Testing Performance assessmentSelected

response Supply

responseRestricted

performanceExtended

performance

- MCQ- Matching- True-False…

- Essay- Short

answer- Oral exam…

- Maneq. Model exam.- Procedural skills- Laboratory skills

- Standardized patient- MiniCEX- Portfolio…

LOW HIGHREALISM OF TASKS

LOW HIGHCOMPLEXITY OF TASKS

LOW HIGHASSESSMENT TIME NEEDED

Norman E. Grounlund. (2006) Assessment of Student Achievement

LOW HIGHSUBJECTIVITY

LOW HIGHINTEGRATION


Students rotating through different OSCE stations

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http://www.lts.leeds.ac.uk/bulletin/issue14/page6.php

http://www.lts.leeds.ac.uk/bulletin/issue14/page6.php


What is First Aid? Webster’s says: “Emergency treatment for

injury etc, before regular medical care is available”

In any life-threatining condition or accident, managing the causalty(ies) with available equipment, without using any medication and medical equipment to save life or prevent condition getting worse.

What does this mean for us? Why should people know First Aid?

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FIRST AID

If you are the first on the scene of accident that results in an injury or serious illness, you may be the only link between a victim and emergency medical care. Your role is to take action, whether by providing first aid, seeking medical help or calling 112. Your actions may improve the victims chance of recovery.

Emergency

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What is Emergency CARE?

Medical treatment by healthcare providers in Emergency units.

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Who is First Aid Provider?

People who manage the causalty(ies) with available equipment, without using any medication and medical equipment in the regard of the principles mentioned in the definition of first aid.

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The difference between first aid and emergency care

Emergency care is performed by qualified persons who are highly educated in this area First aid is performed by anyone who is educated regarding first aid

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PRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID

REMOVE THE LIFE-THREATINING CONDITION

PRESERVE LIFE ( Assess and support vital functions)

PREVENT CONDITION GETTING WORSE

PROMOTE RECOVERY

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Assessment In Action…

Recognize the Emergency Decide whether to Help

NOTE! You have not “entered” the scene yet!

Scene Safety (Preserve) Call EMS if needed (Inform)

Still haven’t touched the victim/patient yet! Assess the Victim

OK now you can touch them! Provide Care (Rescue)

*

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BASIC FIRST AID APPLICATIONS

• Preserve (Scene Assessment)• Inform• Rescue

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WHAT TO DO IN AN EMERGENCY

ASSESSMENT OF:Protection: Decrease the risks and dangerous

statements to the minimum.Provide safety.HAZARDSRISK OF CONTAMINATIONInforming: Call 112 or send someone for getting

helpIntervention:AVAILABILITY OF HELP

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When NOT to Help!

Unable to access victims Your safety is at risk

Risk of fire, explosion You are ‘medicated’ or,

otherwise impaired

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SAFETY Roadways Poisons /Chemicals Fire Explosion Other People Number of injured Hazards

Remember! You can’t help anyone if you become injured while trying to render aid!

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How to Call 112 Information Desired By Dispatchers

Type of emergency and specific location Number of victims/patients Any threats to responders (i.e fire, blocked

roads) Any care given, and any trained rescuers Your name and call back number BE CALM !

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Attributes of the First Aider;

He/she should be good at communication skills own the basic knowledge regarding to the

human bodyHe/she should be able to provide self safety be calm and self confident assess of available sources inform quickly and correctly

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Priorities in Action- 1 Assess the patients /causalties (P/C) (ABC)

and detect the ones who are of first priority Reassure P/C Organize the others Take precautions to prevent the condition of

the P/C getting worse using the available tools Care for fractures in site Keep P/C warm


Priorities in Action- 2

Do not allow the P/C to see his/her injury Do not move the P/C during your interventions Take precautions for immobilization Recognize and stabilize Suspected Spinal

Injury Transport the causalty with the most

appropriate way to ER


Why should I help? Ethical

If not you, then who? What if it was your child?

The individual renders care to the best of their abilities without exceeding their training (no pocket knife tracheotomies!)

Remember! You CANNOT HELP anyone if you become injured while trying to render aid!

NOTE: No one can FORCE you to render aid when your safety is at risk!!! There may be circumstances when you should NOT render aid!

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FOUR RINGS OF “RESCUE LIFE CHAIN”

Inform Basic life Support

Advanced cardiac life Support(Ambulance)

Advanced cardiac life Support

(ER)30


Four Rings of Chain of Survival 1. Ring: Call 112 2. Ring: Basic Life Support (BLS) at site 3. Ring: Interventions by medical staff in

ambulance 4. Ring: Interventions in Emergency

Department


Calling 112 Stay calm, if not let a calm person call 112 Answer the questions clearly Give correct address Inform who is calling and give your phone

number Give patient/causalty ID and describe the case Tell how many patient/causalty is involved and

their condition Inform if you have applied first aid and if yes

the details Do not break the line till you are told by the

call center


What is the ABC of FIRST AID?Check consciousness, if unconscious

assess quickly ;

Airway (head tilt, chin lift) Breathing (Look, listen, and feel) Circulation (chest compression)

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QUIZ


Describe when and how you would use a tourniquet.

Never !... Contrary to what you may think, the use of a

tourniquet is highly discouraged. Remember, the proper treatment for a wound with flowing blood is: 1) Direct Pressure 2) Elevation 3) Pressure Point, 4) Pinch.

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You arrive first on the scene of an accident. What is the absolute first thing that you do? .

Survey the scene !... If the person fell down a rock slide, make sure

you don't make the same mistake trying to get to them. Try to discover if a danger is still present and how you are going to avoid it if necessary .

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What is Hyperglycaemia? Hypoglycaemias? What is standard first aid for each?

Hyperglycemia is caused by too much sugar in the body, hypoglycemia is caused by too little sugar in the body. The treatment for both is to give the patient sugar, because if they are hypoglycemic, it will help, if they are hyperglycemic, it won't do any harm

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True or False? rubbing butter, yoghurt, margarine or other oil on a burn will help.

False.!... In fact, rubbing these on

may make the burn worse since they

will trap the heat in. For 1st degree

burns and some 2nd degree burns,

run under cold water .

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What is the correct ratio of chest compressions to breaths when performing CPR?

30 compressions to 2 breaths in 1 person CPR 30 compressions to 2 breaths in 2 person CPR

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When performing a water rescue, what is the suggested course of action?

Reach, Throw, Go!. It is tempting to jump into the water, swim over,

grab the person and drag them out of the water. This is the way that they do it in the movies, how ever, if you can't swim, there is a strong current, or other factors, you may start drowning and also need rescuing!

A better course of action is first to try to reach out to the person from a stable position, or reach to them with something, a branch, paddle, etc.

If they are too far away, try throwing them something. Throw them a life ring, a life vest, toss that towards them, it'll give them something to hold onto and float with.

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What one treatment should always be done regardless of the type of injury?

Treat for shock, and treat for shock!

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A well-stocked first aid kit is a handy thing to have. To be prepared for emergencies:

Keep a first aid kit in your home and in your car.

Carry a first aid kit with you or know where you can find one.


Whether you buy a first aid kit or put one together, make sure it has all the items you may need:

Include any personal items such as medications and emergency phone numbers or other items your health-care provider may suggest.

Check the kit regularly. Make sure the flashlight batteries work. Check expiration dates and replace any used

or out-of-date contents.


First Aid Kit -1 2 absorbent compress dressings (5 x 9 inches) 25 adhesive bandages (assorted sizes) 1 adhesive cloth tape (10 yards x 1 inch) 5 antibiotic ointment packets (approximately 1 gram) 5 antiseptic wipe packets 2 packets of aspirin (81 mg each) 1 blanket (space blanket) 1 breathing barrier (with one-way valve) 1 instant cold compress 2 pair of nonlatex GLOVES (size: large??) 2 hydrocortisone ointment packets (approximately 1

gram each)


First Aid Kit-2 Scissors 1 roller bandage (3 inches wide) 1 roller bandage (4 inches wide) 5 sterile gauze pads (3 x 3 inches) 5 sterile gauze pads (4 x 4 inches) Oral thermometer (non-mercury/nonglass) 2 triangular bandages Tweezers First aid instruction booklet


Basic Principle

Primum non noceregiven an existing problem, it may be better not to do something, or even to do nothing, than to risk causing more harm than good.

introduction to the first aid programmes 1. assist.prof.güldal İzbırak introduction to the first...

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