introduction of human anatomy and physiology.pptx

8/19/2019 Introduction of Human Anatomy and Physiology.pptx

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Introduction of HumanAnatomy and Physiology

By :Aguslina Kirtishanti


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REFERENCES

Martini FH, 2006, Fundamentals ofAnatomy Physiology, 7th edition,

Benjamin Cummings, San Fransisco,CA 94111, SA!

Fo" S#, 1999, Human Physiology,6th edition, Mc$ra%&Hi'' Co(an), SA!

$u)ton AC, 2000, !e"t#oo$%edical of Physiology, 10th edition, *B Saunder Co,

+hi'ade'(hia, SA!


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&EFINI!I'N

Anatom) the stud) o- interna' ande"terna' structures o- the .od) and

(h)sica' re'ationshi(s among .od)(arts!

+h)sio'og) is the stud) o- the-unction o- anatomica' structures!


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(e)el of 'rgani*ation


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!he 'rgan System

/he #ntegumentar) S)stem /he Se'eta' S)stem /he Muscu'ar S)stem

/he erous S)stem /he 3ndocrine S)stem /he Cardioascu'ar S)stem /he )m(hatic S)stem

/he 5es(irator) S)stem /he igestie S)stem /he rinar) S)stem /he 5e(roductie S)stem Ma'e and

Fema'e8


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Homeostasis

Homeostasis +h)sio'ogica' s)stems%or together to maintain a sta.'einterna' enironment!

Fai'ure to maintain homeostasis dueto i''ness or een death!

/%o genera' mechanism are ino'ed

in homeostasic regu'ation 1! Autoregu'ation or intrinsic regu'ation2! 3"trinsic regu'ation


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Homeostasis

A homeostatic regu'ator)mechanism consists o- three (arts

1! 5ece(tor2! Contro' center! 3:ector


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Homeostasis


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Homeostasis


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Homeostasis

/he homeostatic regu'ator)mechanism ino'e

1! egatie -eed.ac2! +ositie -eed.ac


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Cellular (e)el'rgani*ation

/he .asic conce(ts o- this theor) 1! Ce''s are the .ui'ding .'ocs o- a''

('ants and anima's!2! A'' ce''s come -rom the diision o-(ree"isting ce''s!

! Ce''s are the sma''est units that

(er-orm a'' ita' (h)sio'ogica' -unctions!4! 3ach ce'' maintains homeostasis at the

ce''u'ar 'ee'!


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!he Cell


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!he Cell %em#rane

Functions o- ce'' mem.rane 1! +h)sica' iso'ation2! 5egu'ation o- e"change %ith the

enironment! Sensitiit) to the enironment4! Structura' su((ort

. /he ce'' mem.rane is e"treme') thin andde'icate, ranging -rom 6 to 10 nm inthicness! /his mem.rane contain 'i(ids,(roteins and car.oh)drates!


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!he Cell %em#rane


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!he Cell %em#rane

%em#rane (i+idsPhos+holi+id #ilayer 42;8, in each ha'- o-the .i'a)er, the (hos(ho'i(id 'ie %ith their

hydro+hilic heads at the mem.ranesur-ace and their hydro+ho#ic tails on theinside!

%em#rane Proteins


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!he Cell %em#rane

/he -unctiona' (rotein inc'ude the-o''o%ing

1! Anchoring (roteins2! 5ecognition (roteins! 3n=)mes4! 5ece(tor (roteins


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!he Cell %em#rane

%em#rane Car#ohydrates /he car.oh)drates in the ce'' mem.rane arecom(onents o- com('e" mo'ecu'es such as

(roteog')cans, g')co(roteins and g')co'i(ids! /he -unction o- mem.rane car.oh)drates are 1! u.rication and (rotection2! Anchoring and 'ocomotion! S(eci>cit) in .inding4! 5ecognition


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Ho- !hings .et Into and 'utof Cells

/he three major categories are as -o''o%s 1! i:usion sim('e di:usion and osmosis!

i:usion is a (assie (rocess!2! Carrier&mediated trans(ort! #t can .e

(assie or actie! For e"am('es -aci'itated di:usion, the sodium&

(otassium e"change (um(, secondar)actie trans(ort!

! ?esicu'ar trans(ort endoc)tosis ande"oc)tosis!


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E/'C0!'SIS


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EN&'C0!'SIS


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B'&0 !ISS1ES

3(ithe'ia' /issue sim('e e(ithe'ia danstrati>ed e(ithe'ia, g'andu'ar e(ithe'ia

Connectie /issues .one, h)a'inecarti'age, dense >.rous tissue, areo'artissue, adi(ose tissue, reticu'arconnectie tissue, .'ood!

eura' /issue neuron dan su((ortingce''s!

Musc'e /issue se'eta' musc'e tissue,smooth musc'e tissue, cardiac musc'e

tissue!


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!ERI%AKASIH

introduction of human anatomy and physiology.pptx

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