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Introduction to Human Anatomy Introduction to the Skeletal System Human Anatomy Unit 1

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IntroductiontoHumanAnatomyIntroductiontotheSkeletalSystem

HumanAnatomyUnit1

InAnatomyToday

• WelcometoAnatomy35!

• IntroductiontoAnatomy

• Syllabus• STEMCenter61-3318• AnatomicalTerminologyExam– 25questions– Bringascantron

ANATOMY

• Thestudyofbodystructures• Literallymeans“tocutup;todissect”

De Corporis Humani Fabrica, Vesalius, 1543

AnatomicalPosition

• AnatomicalPosition– standingorlyingonyourback,face,palmsandfeetforward

• TheLongitudinalMidlineAxis– Imaginarystraightlinefromtopofyourheadthroughtherestofyourbody

– Everystructureispositionedinafieldsurroundingthisaxis

AnatomicalLandmarks

OcciptalSternalVertebralDorsumPerineumSacral

DirectionalTerms• Anterior/Posterior

– Ventral/Dorsal

• Superior/Inferior• Medial/Lateral• Proximal/Distal• Superficial/Deep• Internal/External• Central/Peripheral• Visceral/Parietal• Ipsilateral/Contralateral• Supine/Prone

Supine/Prone

OrganizationoftheHumanBody

• Thebodyisorganizedintoseparateanddistinctspacescalledbodycavities– Cranialcavity• Vertebralcanal

– Thoraciccavity• 2pleuralcavities• Pericardialcavity

– AbdominopelvicCavity• Quadrants• Regions

BodyCavities

BodyCavities

AbdominopelvicQuadrants

AbdominopelvicRegions

SkeletalSystem

• Inlabyouwillbelearning:1. Toidentifyeachboneinthebody2. Todeterminethehandednessofpairedbones3. Toidentifybonefeatures

• Bonesprovideaframeworktosupportyourbodyandprotectyourinternalorgans

• Somebonefeaturesserveasattachmentpointsformuscles,tendonsandjoints

SkeletalSystem

OrganizationoftheSkeletonMajorDivisions

• Axial– bonesthatformtheaxisofthebody– supportandprotecttheorgansofthehead,neckandtrunk

• Appendicular– thebonesoftheupperandlowerextremities+2bonygirdlesthatattachtheextremitiestotheaxialskeleton

AxialSkeleton

• Skull• Earossicles• Hyoidbone• Sternum• Vertebrae• Ribs

AppendicularSkeleton

• PelvicGirdle– Oscoxae

• LowerLimb– Femur– Tibia– Fibula– Patella– Tarsals– Metatarsals– Phalanges

• PectoralGirdle– Scapula– Clavicle

• Upperlimb– Humerus– Ulna– Radius– Carpals– Metacarpals– Phalanges

NumberofBones:AxialSkeleton

Structure Fetus AdultCranial 8 8Facial 14 14Auditoryossicles 6 6Hyoid 1 1Vertebralcolumn(fusion) 33±1 26±1Ribcage 25 25Total 87±1 80±1

NumberofBones:AppendicularSkeleton

Structure Fetus Adult

Pectoralgirdle 4 4

Upperextremities 60 60

Pelvicgirdle(fusion) 6 2

Lowerextremities 60 60

Total 130 126

Totalskeleton 217 206

BoneFeatures

• Bonefeaturesarebumps,grooves,depressions,openings,etc.

• Boneswillhavearticular andnon-articularfeatures– Articulation:where2ormorebonesareincontactwithoneanotheratjoints

– Non-articularfeaturesserveaspointsofattachmentformuscleseitherdirectlyorviatendonsandforligamentattachment

ArticularSurfaceFeatures

• Facet– smoothflatarticulatingsurface

• Condyle– smoothroundedarticulatingknob

• Head– prominentcondyleonaneck

Non- ArticularSurfaceFeatures• Crestorline– narrowridge

• Tuberosity– largeroughenedsurface

• Tubercle– smallroundedroughprocess

• Epicondyle– aroughenedprojectionnexttoacondyle

• Trochanter– massiveroughenedprocess(femuronly)

• Process– anymarkedbonyprominence

• Spine– alongslenderprocess

Depressions/Openings

• Fossa– aflattenedshallowdepression

• Sulcus– narrow,longgroove

• Alveolus– asocket(teeth)

• Sinus– acavity– Anairspacewithinbone

• Meatus– blindendedcanal(temporalbone)

• Fissure– awideslitinbone

• Foramen(foramina)– anyopeninginbone

• Canal– longforamen