hltref002 provide reflexology for relaxation learner guide · the reflexology therapist uses the...

HLTREF002 Provide reflexology for relaxation

Learner Guide

Massage Schools of Queensland HLTREF002 Provide Reflexology for Relaxation LearnerAssessment

Massage Schools of Queensland HLTREF002 Provide Reflexology For Relaxation Learner Guide

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METHOD OF DELIVERY: Each session is of 3 hours’ duration and is a combination of theory and practical hands on work. Hand out notes and session review sheets are provided and students are advised that some note taking is recommended. Two way sharing of information and experience is encouraged in all classes. RESOURCES REQUIRED: Students are required to bring their own stationary and dress casually to prevent damage to good clothes. Students are also required to bring a towel to each class. You may also like to bring a pillow for comfort. All other required resources to facilitate learning will be supplied by MSQ.

METHODS OF ASSESSMENT

This unit is assessed in the following ways:

Assessment Task Overview

Assessment Task 1: Written questions

Students must correctly answer all 17 questions to show that they understand the knowledge required of this unit.

Assessment Task 2: Clinic observations

Students will be observed in the clinic working with four clients to:

Part A: Prepare the client for treatment

Part B: Complete an assessment of hands and feet

Part C: Provide reflexology treatment

Part D: Follow up post treatment with client information and advice.

Assessment Task 3: Project Students are required to evaluate the preparation, assessment and treatment, and follow-up given to the four clients in Assessment Task 2

Assessment Task 4: Supervisor report

The student’s supervisor is to complete a supervisor report that confirms the student’s ability to demonstrate a range of skills and knowledge relevant to this unit.

Pass marks in this framework contributes to a ‘Competent’ in HLTREF002 Provide reflexology for relaxation. Suggested reading: The Original Works of Eunice Ingham – Eunice Ingham Better Health with Foot Reflexology – Dwight C Byers


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What is Reflexology?

Reflex - ology (Involuntary or instinctive movement in response to stimuli) (Study of)

Reflexology works on the principle that there are Reflex areas in the feet, hands and ears that correspond to the glands, organs and all parts of the body. The Reflexology therapist is not permitted to:

prescribe

diagnose

treat for a specific ailment or cure

The Reflexology Therapist is permitted to claim that Reflexology does:

relieve stress and tension

promotes relaxation

decreases depression

increase energy levels

improve nerve and blood supply

strengthens the immune system

improves healing

reduces pain

helps nature to balance (homeostasis) There is a Code of Ethics and a Code of Practice for professional Reflexology Practitioners with the Reflexology Association of Australia. The Reflexology Therapist uses the fingers and hands to manipulate the Reflex points. The hands carry out complimentary functions during treatment, one working the other supporting. Reflexology techniques are used on the scalp, ears, tongue, clavicle, hands, joints and feet to name a few. In this module we will be concentrating on the use of Reflexology upon the feet. The feet have a special relationship with the body. They have:

26 bones

19 muscles

Over 100 ligaments

and 7,200 nerve endings that interconnect with every part of the body

The feet bring us into direct and immediate contact with our environment, the possibility however; of exposure and susceptibility to injury more or less necessitates artificial encasement – the shoe- which in itself can compound many foot problems. There are no two pairs of feet the same, as we begin to explore how feet present, we will notice their differences. To the trained Reflexologists they present a map of the body with each part capable of telling a unique and interesting story.


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As we are about to embark on this course of study of the feet, you are invited to set yours free from their artificial encasement so that they are on hand constantly for you and your fellow students observations. Each foot you observe will be as different and intriguing as the owners from which they are attached.

LET US BEGIN…….


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Where did it come from? There is evidence of footwork in China 5,000 years ago, pictorial history of Reflexology has been found in the tomb of an Egyptian Physician dated 2,500 BC. In ancient Greece the feet symbolized the soul. Until AD 200 many flocked to relax n the sacred waters of the hydrotherapy pools and before retiring reflexology and body massage were administered to evoke memories and insight into dreams. 300-700 AD Age of the Mayans and Incas. These high cultures developed reflexology to diagnose and treat many illnesses. The Mayans documented their findings by carving them into stone plaques. The use of reflex pressure applied to the feet as a healing therapy has been practiced by North American native people for generations.


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The use of applied pressure to the feet has been used extensively through many cultures, but was adulterated over the centuries through the practice of Master / Apprentice insecurity. In 1917, Dr William Fitzgerald, commonly known as the founder of Zone Therapy, published a book entitled Zone Therapy, but it was his follower Eunice Ingham (1889-1974) who probably made the greatest contribution to modern Reflexology, she separated the work on the reflexes of the feet from Zone Therapy in general. She chartered the feet in relationship to the zones and their effects on the rest of the body until she had evolved on the feet a “map” of the entire body. Her comprehensive charts are still used today as a training aide, for their clarity and visual impact. Research into Reflexology, its effects and techniques are ongoing. Eunice Ingham, in respect for the work she developed, and her ongoing fight with the American Medical Association, who labelled Reflexology as ‘chicanery’, has earned her the title of: The Mother of Reflexology DIFFERENT METHODS AND TECHNIQUES With its rich history and ancient origins, it is no surprise that reflexology has emerged as a therapy with a wide range of methods and approaches. The East and the West have each developed their own quite different styles that are equally effective. New approaches and techniques are rapidly evolving as therapists around the world develop and share their


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experiences and clinical findings. THE RWO SHUR METHOD In many parts of Asia including Taiwan, China and Singapore, the Rwo Shur method of reflexology is practised. A combination of thumb-sliding and pressure techniques incorporating the knuckles and sometimes small, wooden sticks is used. The pressure is very firm and the therapist uses cream allowing a fast, efficient, flowing motion. A session usually lasts about 30 minutes with the focus being on stimulation rather than relaxation. The Rwo Shur method was developed in Taiwan by Father Joseph Eugster, a Swiss missionary. After experiencing the benefits of reflexology himself, he saw the potential to help millions of needy people with this simple therapy and began to treat and then train others in reflexology.

THE INGHAM METHOD This method forms the basis for the way most reflexology is practised around the world today. It was pioneered and developed in America in the early 1930's by the late Eunice Ingham who is considered by most reflexologists to be the "Mother" of reflexology. With this method, pressure is applied by "thumbwalking" in which the thumb (or finger) bends and straightens whilst maintaining a constant pressure across the area of the foot being worked. The reflexologist uses talc rather than cream and a session generally lasts about 60 minutes although this depends on the health of the client. The focus is on relaxation and balancing the body systems, and the therapist works within the pain tolerance level of the client. The session is always holistic - that is all reflexes are worked with some reflexes being emphasised a little more than others. AYURVEDIC METHOD Ayurvedic Reflexology is best described as a successful blend of Eastern and Western philosophies and techniques. It is based on the principles of Ayurveda. This is India's ancient, traditional and comprehensive medical system. Ayurvedic Reflexology offers therapists a new and exciting approach to foot and hand work. It was developed in Australia by Sharon Stathis, and is now routinely used in at least fifteen countries. The focus for this approach is to help balance the subtle energy systems of the body by supporting the efficient flow of vital energy (prana). Prana flows within the body through micro energy channels called nadis (similar to the Chinese meridians). According to Ayurvedic teachings, the body (and mind) cannot remain healthy if the flow of prana is sluggish or interrupted. Situated along the nadis are vital energy centres called marma points, which help maintain the optimal flow of prana. There are many marma points located on important nadis in each hand and foot. The whole body benefits from working these points in Ayurvedic Reflexology foot and hand sessions. It is important that oil is used when working the marmas, as unnecessary friction can upset the delicate energy balance. Warmed sesame oil is the lubricant most commonly used in Ayurvedic Reflexology sessions. Cold pressed, organic, non-deodorised & non-bleached oil is


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best. The sesame oil provides lubrication for working the marma points, and is the perfect base for the brisk and flowing movements associated with this unique form of therapy. An exciting edition to an Ayurvedic reflexology session involves the use of a small, bronze kasa bowl from India. Traditionally the bowl is oiled and rubbed on the palms and or soles to help balance subtle energy systems. The Ayurvedic reflexology techniques are kinder to the practitioner’s hands then the traditional thumb walking technique. The application is vigorous, yet is profoundly relaxing. A session involves working on each hand or foot in its entirety and takes 40 – 45 minutes.

NEW APPROACHES In the West in recent years, therapists have been exploring ways of influencing and balancing the subtle energies of the body through the feet and hands. Increasingly, acupressure points and concepts relating to energy therapies are being used within a reflexology session. Ancient Chinese philosophies are the basis of a number of new approaches where consideration of such principles as meridians, yin/yang and the Five Phases Theory is taking our concept of wholism a step further. Magnets, special oils and colour in the form of a crystal torch, are sometimes applied to the reflexes. Many reflexologists will include gentle holds that link reflexes together to encourage and balance energy flow. Hand and ear reflexology, although not new, are being used more widely now in addition to foot reflexology. Therapists may use foot, hand and ear reflexology in the one session, or select the reflex area they feel is most appropriate for the client.

In Australia, reflexologists are training in a wide variety of methods and techniques. This means that the therapist can provide a reflexology session uniquely suited to the specific needs of each client.


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Practical Application: Charting Reflex Areas onto Feet 1) Shoulder Girdle:

Identify base of toes and mark in horizontal line. From Great Toe to fifth toe. 2) Diaphragm Line:

Identify and mark lower aspect of 1st MP joint head.

Identify and mark lower aspect of 5th MP joint head.

Solar Plexus is identified and marked by gently squeezing lateral aspects of 1st & 5th MP joint to form a cupped position. Central point of this cup is identified as Solar Plexus.

Draw a curved line from your marked aspect of 1st MP joint head to your marked aspect of 5th MP joint head, using the predefined Solar Plexus point as your centre point.

3) Waistline:

Relates to the region where the metatarsals meet the tarsal bones of the feet. It is found by locating the high point of the base of the 5th metatarsal on the lateral side of the foot, and taking a line directly across the sole of the foot.

4) Pelvic Girdle/Heel line:

Relates to the region over the tarsal bones at a level between the medial and lateral malleolus. Find the high point of the medial and lateral malleolus and draw a line between them. Another way of locating the pelvic girdle (floor) line is to identify the region of the heel of the foot where the skin changes colour and texture.

5) Vertical Line (Tendon)

With Basic Hold - use thumb to gently dorsiflex Great Toe. Identify extended tendon and mark from Diaphragm Line to Heel-line.


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Figure 1


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Practical Application:

RELAXATION TECHNIQUES:

Used at the beginning of the session for the benefit of you and your client. Your client will respond to the relaxation technique while you will be able to gauge the level of tension or anxiety present in the feet.

Can be used repeatedly throughout the session, either singularly or grouped. These techniques allow for deeper relaxation.

Remember – trust is created by the first touch. Be respectful and confident.

1. Effleurage/Stroking Use both hands to stroke down the foot. Repeat several times. This could be used to apply the talc. You may do general stroking on both feet at the same time also.

2. Sandwiching Place inside-hand underneath the foot and the other on top as in a 'sandwich' Evenly and firmly pull hands along the foot towards yourself, off to the toes. The pressure needs to be fairly firm. Repeat several times.

3. The Achilles Pull Holding the heel of the foot in the palm of inside-hand, support the top of the foot with the other hand. Pull towards you with the hand holding the heel and push gently forward at the top of the foot with the supporting hand. Be sure to pull the heel gently and slowly. Repeat 2-3 times.

4. Ankle Loosening Tuck heels of hands in under the ankle bone. Maintaining contact with the same area of skin push one side then the other up and down the sides of the leg. This will cause the foot to wave. It is important not to slide over the skin, maintain contact!

5. Side to Side/Back and forth

Palms are placed on either side of the outside edge of the metatarsal padding. Begin with gentle alternating movements of each hand (back and forth movement) and this then becomes a rapid back and forth movement. Rubbing and friction are to be avoided here.

6. Diaphragm Relaxer Place the thumb of the right hand on the diaphragm line of right foot in a line below the 2nd

toe. KEEP THUMB BENT. With the left hand lift from the base of the toes up and over the thumb on the diaphragm line. Repeat, then gradually move to the lateral side of the foot and back – i.e.: work across zones 2 – 5 then back 5 – 1 and finish 1 -2.

7. Metatarsal Kneading

Bring your fist in on the metatarsal ball of the foot. Push in firmly. Wrap the upper hand around the top of the foot and cuddle and squeeze as you relax the push - i.e. push / cuddle / push / cuddle- one then the other as you maintaining contact as you work


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8. Spinal Twist Body faces medial edge of foot. Place the hands together (inside-hand near ankle) gently but firmly over the spine. Slowly and gently lift the wrist of outside-hand up (inside-hand stays in place with fairly firm support) to create a slight twisting effect on the spine. This movement must be slow and controlled and do not twist too far. Keep elbows straight. Repeat movement up the spine, stopping at ball of foot.

9. Ankle Rotation

Holding the foot as above, gently rotate the foot from the ankle joint. Clockwise, then anti-clockwise. Encourage the foot round - do not force it. Use a half rotation to minimize stress to the ankle

10. Toe Rotations Start with the big toe. Support toe with fingers at base of joint. Gently lift and rotate toe with thumb and index finger of the other hand. Clockwise, then anti-clockwise x 3. Repeat with all other toes.

11. Wringing Place hands around medial/lateral edges of foot respectively, starting near ankle. 'Wring' hands gently back and forth from ankles up towards the toes and down again. Repeat several times.

12. Kneading Ball of Foot Make a fist with inside-hand and place flat edge of fingers against the ball of the foot. Other hand supports with fingers placed across the top of the foot. Rotate inside-hand into ball of foot with a rhythmic movement.

13. Sliding

Hand positions as above except that the knuckles of inside-hand are placed in line with the diaphragm. Slide 'fist' down sole of foot to pelvic line.

14. Diaphragm Relaxer Place right thumb on right diaphragm reflex then with other hand lift from base of toes up and over. Gradually move across diaphragm line then back. Left thumb works across left foot.

15. Deep Breathing with Solar Plexus

Both feet at the same time. Place the thumb into the Solar Plexus of each foot. Fingers rest on top of foot. Ask recipient to take a deep breath IN through the NOSE. As they do this, push forward into both the plexae. Ask recipient to HOLD the breath for a few seconds. (Hold the position) Ask recipient to breathe OUT through the MOUTH. and release the pressure on the plexae simultaneously. Repeat 3-4 times.


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NOTES:

1. Perform relaxation movements on one foot then the other. 2. Movements 1- 14 may be used as many times as necessary. You may vary the relaxers that

you use.

3. Perform movement 15 once on BOTH feet simultaneously when you have finished work on BOTH feet.

4. Relaxation Techniques are done BEFORE, DURING and AFTER the "Reflexology Sequence”.

Reflexology - How do we do it?

Use thumbs, fingers and hands as our tool, we require no extra gadgets. One hand holds and supports the foot while the other hand works to cover the reflexes. Position your holding hand near the working hand, not at the other hand of the foot.

We work forward, using tiny caterpillar like movements of fingers or thumb

We bend/release the working digit while maintaining an even pressure

Work on a dry, bare foot aided only by the use of talc or its natural counterpart Arrowroot powder. We use this to absorb moisture from the foot create a neutral surface to work on, expose basic observations and to ensure that none of the reflex points, which are similar to a needlepoint in diameter, are missed.

Oils are not used during a session as this may cause us to slip over the reflex points, which are just beneath the surface of the skin. However, once practiced and visual observations are complete, we can use creams or lotions that absorb into the skin.

We avoid rubbing the skin.

We are observant of any foot damage (sprains, bruising, ingrown toenails etc.)

We are conscious of support and protection of the foot.

We treat the foot with respect

Once a session has begun, we avoid losing direct contact with the foot until completion of the treatment.

Our client can be reclined on a bed or a table with knees supported by a wedge shaped cushion – or sitting in a comfortable chair, the only restriction to positions is that both client and therapist are supported and comfortable.

Note: Arrowroot powder is the dried root of the arrowroot plant. It is valued chiefly for its thickening properties and is often used in thickening clear sauces, glazes or jellies. Arrowroot powder is often used as a substitute for talcum in baby powder and body powder. The South American Arawak tribe used it as an antidote for poisoned arrows, thus its name and it is also considered to be an effective antidote to vegetable poisons.


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How long or often should we do it? An average session should take 40 - 50 mins, when you are practiced.

Twice a week is better than once a week. Ideally, regular Reflexology treatments are excellent preventative medicine maintenance.

For chronic cases, it is useful to commence with 3 sessions per 1st week, 2 sessions per 2nd week, 1 session on 3rd week - over a 3-week period.

What pressure is used? Generally, the pressure should be firm enough to contact the reflexes but always being aware of each individual clients’ pain threshold, skin sensitivity, and observing the clients’ facial expressions or body language. A painful reflex means there is congestion or stress in the underlying reflex. The practitioner should be able to decide how much pressure should be applied to the detoxifying and eliminating reflexes, specifically when the area for the liver and the kidneys are tender. Pressure should be decreased according to the client’s health status (how long have they had the condition, are they taking medication etc.), the age of the client, how much stress the client is undergoing, as a very stressed, tense person, with multiple muscular aches and pains will be more sensitive, since their body is very much under sympathetic nervous control. In all these conditions a lighter pressure should be used, a shorter treatment time (so as not to overload the eliminatory organs), and advise treatments to be more often. With:

(a) the very young; in respect of immature systems and the speed of their circulatory systems and short attention span.

(b) the very elderly; in respect of mature systems and the gentler pace of the

circulatory system, and brittle bones.

(b) the very ill; in respect of a system/s already under siege and working at a high degree of damage control and desire to assist homeostasis.

We would work: - Often - Lightly - Short time

REVIEW QUESTIONS: 1) What is Reflexology?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……

2) List 3 actions you are not permitted to take as Reflexologists.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………

……


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3) List 3 actions you are permitted to claim Reflexology achieves.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………

……

4) The feet have: ………….. bones …………… ligaments

…………… muscles …………… nerve endings

5) How would you identify where the waistline is?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………

……

6) How should you work on someone who is very ill? …………………………………………………….…………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………..…………………

…


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How does it work? 1. Through reflex action and the effects on the Central Nervous System 2. Helps free flow of energy through the body (circulation, blood, lymph and nerves) 3. Creates balance / homeostasis Reflexologists work on the principle that energy flows through zones – a theory attributed to Dr William Fitzgerald from the early 20th century.

10 Longitudinal Zones that run the length of the body from head to toe: 5 on each side of the body branching off into the arms, grounding at the fingers and continuing from their source at the head to ground in the feet and toes. Energy flows freely down these zones in a healthy body. Congestion in a zone causes weaknesses throughout that zone.

5 Horizontal Zones that divide the sole of the foot for mapping: Toes – corresponding to Head & Neck Ball of Foot -corresponding to Chest, Lung & shoulders Upper Arch– corresponding to Diaphragm to Waist Lower Arch – corresponding to Waist to Pelvic area

Heel – corresponding to pelvic area

3 Dorsal Aspects that divide the top and sides of the foot for mapping: Medial Aspect - corresponds to Spine and sciatic nerve. Lateral Aspect - corresponds to Elbow, arm, shoulder, hip, knee and leg Ankle Aspect - corresponds to groin, reproductive organs, pelvic girdle


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Not only do these zones run lengthwise, but they pass through the body, so that a zone located on the front of the body can also be reached from behind.

Each zone can be considered a channel for the intangible life energy called chi. Stimulating or ‘working’ any zone in the foot or hand by applying alternating pressure with thumbs and fingers affects the entire zone throughout the body. For example: by working a zone on the foot along which the kidneys lie will release vital energy that may be blocked somewhere else in that zone, such as the eyes.

As in acupuncture or shiatsu, energy pathways are opened up, and the subtle energy that accompanies neurological and circulatory functioning can do its work. Order and harmony are restored, the body is normalized, energy flows - and where energy flows blood follows and where there is strong blood flow there is the life giving supply of oxygen.


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Practical Application: Charting Reflex Areas onto Feet


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Anatomical Terminology & Reflexology Superior Top Inferior Bottom Medial Inner aspect Lateral Outer aspect Planter Sole of foot Dorsal Top of foot Transverse Crosses horizontally Cuboid Notch Hollow lateral aspect mid foot Styloid Process Proximal joint [ lateral aspect] 5th Metatarsal Lateral Malleolus Outer aspect ankle bone Medial Malleolus Inner aspect of ankle bone Metatsarsal Bones 5 in number / long bones of foot Metacarpal Bones 5 in number / long bones of hand Phalanges bones of fingers & toes / 14 in number ( 2 in Great Toe or Thumb and 3

in each of fingers or toes) Metatarsophalangeal Joint (MP Joint) As Metatarsal meets phalanges and numbered from Great Toe as 1st to

fifth toe as 5th. Inversion Movement of foot so that souls face each other Eversion Movement of foot so that souls face away from each other Dorsiflexion Bending foot upwards Plantarflexion Bending foot downwards


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Common Reflexology Terms Shoulder Girdle Horizontal line / at base of toe Diaphragm Line Curved line /lower aspect 1st M/P joint to 5th M/P joint Waistline Horizontal line / central aspect styloid process to medial side of

foot Pelvic Girdle Straight line / heel pad / lower aspect bladder reflex Tendon Line Vertical line / Heeline to Diaphragm Line / Zone 1 Ball of foot Pad - superior aspect of Diaphragm Line to Shoulder Girdle Heel of Hand Pad - Horizontal area from wrist to 1st M/C joint Zone 5 in each foot and hand . Great Toe or thumb number as Zone 1 Solar Plexus Centre of Diaphragm Line

Applied Technique Terms Thumb Walk Caterpillar like movement of thumb Finger Walk Caterpillar like movement of finger Basic Hold Heel of Hand to Ball of Foot & push back Hook in & Back Up Firm Pressure applied and lifted using thumb Rotate Foot onto Point

Holding pressure on point while rotating or rolling foot or hand onto this point.

Effleurage Soft, gentle stoking with fingers, hands & wrists. Palpating Feeling the muscles to distinguish between muscles, tendons and

other tissue Roll Superior aspect of Thumb or Finger pad Support & Protect A variety of positions used to support & protect foot. Fill In [ colour in] Complete thumb walk coverage of an area or reflex


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Micro rotation with Thumbs and fingers Use the holding hand to grasp the foot in a comfortable position and Flex the foot slowly into the thumb with the holding hand. Flex Several times to give pressure at the reflex point. This is often used For targeting of more tender areas e.g. adrenal gland Rotate into Point Tiny circling movements with tip of thumb or finger


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FOOT REFLEXOLOGY BASIC FLOW

A foot reflexology basic flow includes steps a through d below and stimulates every

reflexology zone.

Steps e and f affect the head, neck and sinus

Step g affects the brain

Step h affects the diaphragm

For a more thorough session, complete the entire basic flow then return to tender points. Apply continuous pressure until sensitivity fades. With other hand, stabilize the area being worked.

a. Thumb-walk five vertical stripes up sole of foot, then heel to tip of each toe.

b. Finger-walk four vertical stripes up top of the foot, from toes to ankle, between

tendons.

c. Finger-walk inside and outside of ankle area, from heel to ankle bone.

d. Thumb-or finger-walk up and down outer and inner edges of foot.

e. Finger-walk five stripes down/up bottom of big toe.

f. Finger-walk three stripes down/up bottom of each little toe.

g. Pivot tip of index finger on tip of each toe.

h. Press and hold solar-plexus point on both feet.

To stimulate each point on foot three times, thumb-walk horizontal and diagonal stripes in addition to vertical stripes.


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REVIEW QUESTIONS: 1) Complete the following sentences:

A: There are 10 ………………………… Zones that flow through the body.

b: There are ……………….. of these on each side of the body.

c: There are 5 …………………………..Zones that flow through the body

d: The 3 aspect zones are:

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………….…………………………………………………………………………...

2) Why do we work Reflexology on a dry, bare foot?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

.…

3) Name three (3) things to take into account when working with a client? I.e.: how we

work

………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………

…

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…

4) With the very young, elderly or very ill, we work

……………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………

…

5) List 5 of the Relaxation Techniques we will use in a Reflexology Session?

…………………………… ………………………………………. …………………………… ……………………………………………. …………………………… 6) List thee 5 Horizontal (Transverse) zones

…………………………… ………………………………………. …………………………… …………………………………………….


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……………………………


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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Inspiration (taking oxygen into the lungs) and expiration (expelling carbon dioxide from lung) is the life-sustaining process known as breathing. The diaphragm is a large, dome-shaped wall of muscular tissue which separates the Thorax (chest) from the abdomen. With each inspiration it contracts (moves down towards the abdominal cavity) - sucking oxygen into the lungs, then relaxes (moving upwards) and pushes the (by now) carbon dioxide from the lungs out of the body. The inspired air travels:

via the nose, where the first stage of its cleaning begins when the fine hairs of the nose trap large dust particles

the pharynx (membranous tube which extends from the throat to the oesophagus)

larynx (voice box)

trachea (the windpipe, or tube which leads from the larynx and divides into) …

… the right and left bronchi, one going into each lung. It is here in the cell walls of the lungs that the oxygen is exchanged for the waste carbon dioxide. The expired carbon dioxide returns to the outside via the same pathway. At the centre of the Diaphragm is a large plexus (group) of nerves called Solar Plexus. This nerve centre is referred to as ‘the switchboard’, and it is through this switchboard that the Brain, via the Central Nervous System, triggers the impulses that cause the Diaphragm to contract. Practical Application:

Lung / Bronchial reflex – is found on both feet, plantar and dorsal aspect, zones 1 to 5, from diaphragm line to shoulder girdle.

Diaphragm reflex – is found on both feet, plantar aspect, zones 1 to 5, at the base of the ball of the foot, separating the ball from the arch.

Solar Plexus reflex – is found on both feet, plantar aspect, in the centre of the diaphragm reflex, zone 3.

The sinus reflexes – along the length (pads) of all the toes

The throat – at the base of the big toe Working the Respiratory System: 1. Chest / Lung / Bronchial reflexes: Plantar

Thumb walk between metatarsal bones / zone canals from diaphragm to shoulder girdle, between zones 1 to 2, 2 to 3, 3 to 4 and 4 to 5. work each canal x3.

Change hands and return 4,3,2,1. Dorsal

Finger walk between the metatarsal bones from the base of the toes to the diaphragm. starting in the first channel. Work each channel 3 X.


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Change hands and return from forth channel back to first channel.


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WORKING THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM


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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

To work this system completely we must work the whole of both feet while concentrating on

the chest reflexes on the top and bottom of the left foot and zone one into two on the right

foot. The most important reflex for hypertension is the diaphragm, and the adrenal is

generally good for this system.


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THE SENSE ORGANS If you could not “sense” your environment both external and internal and make necessary adjustments, you could not survive alone. The sense organs pick up stimuli and convert them into nerve impulses, which travel via the nervous pathway to the brain where they are translated into a sensation. Stimuli may be light, heat, pressure, mechanical energy or chemical energy. SKIN Skin reflexes are found all over the feet. NOSE The reflex for the nose is in the middle third of the great toes on the medial side. MOUTH AND TONGUE The reflex area is the lower half of the great toes on the medial side. EYES The visual sense and only one sixth of the eye is visible. The remaining five sixths lies recessed in a productive bony pocket. It is important to work the eye reflexes on both feet for any eye condition because of the crossover of nerve pathways. Since the kidneys lie in the same zone it is important to work the kidneys for eye conditions. The reflex area can be worked both at the base of the toes along the shoulder line (across the ridge of the metatarsal bones), and also under the toe pads in zones 2 and 3. EARS The auditory sense and equilibrium sense for hearing and balance. The reflex area can be worked both at the base of the toes along the shoulder line, and also under the toe pads in zones 4 and 5. Remember to work the eye and ear reflexes as one because anatomically they superimpose. It the eyeball is removed it reveals the middle and inner ear and there are accessory muscles for the eyes extending through zones 4 and 5, therefore work zones 2,3,4 and 5 for both eyes and ears.


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In Eastern Medicine the Liver is considered an important factor in eye weakness. Specific reflexes to work for all Eye conditions

Eyes

Cervicals

All toes

Kidneys

Neck

Helper Areas for the Eyes and Ears

Eyes only

Smell and Taste

Sinuses


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Referral Areas A referral area is an anatomically related area on the corresponding limb on the same side of the body e.g. arm/leg; elbow/knee

If it is not possible to work particular areas of the foot, we are able to work directly on the corresponding area.

If it is not possible to work directly onto painful areas of the body – we may work the corresponding area and obtain relief.


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Basic Foot Observations:

1) Calluses are areas of hardened skin, the most common site being the Medial Aspect of 1st M/P joint and the Ball of the Foot, indicating weakness in the spinal and respiratory regions. A callus is the body’s way of protecting a weakened area. With callus and corn we consider always the position in which they occur and its effect on the reflex

2) Corns are smaller and more concentrated than calluses and can be hard or soft. It is

recommended that they be removed (a not too difficult action) as they are creating constant pressure to the reflex in that area, which in turn will cause a numbing effect to the related organs, glands or body parts, leading to an eventual weakening of that region.

3) Bunions (Hallux Valgus) a prominence on the head of the metatarsal bone at its junction

with the Great Toe. In this condition the metatarsal joint becomes enlarged and is subjected to more pressure and friction from shoes. Directly affecting Neck, chest and shoulder area This condition causes the Great Toe to bend away from the centreline of the spine reflex. Representing moving away from life’s path.

4) Nail beds that are thick (fungal toenail infection) or have unusual growth can often be

directly related to headaches, ear/eye weakness and or senility (High % of Alzheimer’s & Parkinson’s disease suffers have this condition)

5) Fungal Infections. The feet are susceptible to fungal infections (Mushroom Syndrome) Tinea

and can present as either moist or dry. Illustrating a weakness in the area with a predisposition to viral infection.

Viral Infections can present as Plantar Wart (either singular or grouped together). 6) Ingrown Toenail is usually only visible when the condition is inflamed, red and puffy. A static

condition is still sensitive to touch. Nail cuticle represent the ability to confidently allow ideas and ideals to flow out to others.

7) Heel fissures deep, sometimes open cracks at base of heel. Directly related to base of spine.

Carrying extra weight and or burdens in life. 8) Crevices, their depth represents the degree of weakness being experienced in that area. 9) Long second toe is the grounded Stomach Meridian. Those exhibiting this formation have

the ability to reach beyond themselves as this toe towers over the Great Toe (brain) – it also represents a weakness to the digestive system as it stretches further than normal.

10) Texture, such as dryness, maybe related to circulatory or liver dysfunction. 11) Temperature or colour extremes can indicate poor circulation. 12) Moisture - feet that perspire excessively may be related to Glandular imbalance. 13) Puffiness - may be related to Lymphatic or Urinary systems 14) Tension in the feet is associated with actual body tension.


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15) Structural changes in the feet or toes relate to disturbances in the corresponding body zone. (e.g.: scar tissue, hammer toes, flatfeet etc.)

Bunion

Ingrown toe nail

Heel fissures/ cracked heels/crevices


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REVIEW QUESTIONS: 1.Complete this list of referral areas: Palm: _________________________________________ Lower calf: _____________________ Upper Arm: _____________________ Wrist: ___________________________ Elbow: __________________________ Shoulder joint: _________________ 2.Name 5 of the basic observations you would notice on a presenting foot 3.What could damp feet indicate? 4.What can thicker than normal sin on the feet indicate? 5. a) Where would you find the diaphragm line on the foot? b) What is the purpose of working the diaphragm reflex?


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6. a) What is Bronchitis? b) What is the benefit of working the lung reflexes? 7. Where are the reflexes for the sinuses on the feet? 8. In which zones would you find the eye/ear reflexes?


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The Digestive System

The digestive system is the group of organs that receive, breakdown and absorb food into the body and eliminate the unabsorbed residue.

Alimentary Canal Simplified, the digestive system comprises a continuous tube, with specialised parts from the anterior opening (mouth) to the posterior opening (anus). The successive parts of this tube are the mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, large intestine and anus.

The process of digestion evolves through the whole digestive tract in a peristaltic motion, slowing only as it enters the large intestine.

This system, when in action, uses an enormous amount of energy and the body has an expectation of rest while it is in process. If energy is called to other parts of the body for action during digestion, the process will shut down until energy is again available.

Below: lower components of the digestive system:


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Accessory Organs The Liver is the largest organ in the body, consisting of four lobes, and is located in the upper abdominal cavity. Its functions are multiple, including:

The manufacture of cholesterol

the manufacture and secretion of bile for digestion,

the breakdown of proteins into simpler compounds and its storage

the storage of blood sugar (glycogen), fats, minerals, vitamins and carbohydrates

the maintenance of chemical levels within the blood

detoxifies the blood The pancreas sits in the loop of the duodenum and is an endocrine and an exocrine gland. As an endocrine gland, Islets of Langerhans cells within the Pancreas secrete the hormones Insulin and Glucagon, which lower and raise blood sugar levels respectively. As an exocrine gland (and therefore part of the digestive system) it secretes pancreatic enzymes when stimulated by the duodenum that are involved in the breakdown of fats, carbohydrates and proteins.

Gall Bladder The gall bladder is a pear-shaped sac about 7-10cms long and is situated in a fossa behind the right lobule of the liver.

The gall bladder stores bile (produced in the liver) and secrets it, when stimulated by the duodenum to emulsify fats.

Bile consists of bile salts, bile pigment and cholesterol.

Pancreas


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Practical Application: Note which reflexes are on the left foot / right foot only

Liver Reflex is found in Planter Aspect, Zone 1 – 5, Diaphragm to Waistline – Right Foot

Gall bladder zone 3-4, right foot, midway between the Diaphragm and the Waistline.

Stomach Reflex is found in Planter Aspect, Zone 1 – 4 on the left foot between waistline and the diaphragm

Pancreas Reflex is found on the soles of both feet, but predominantly the left foot. It is found over the lower 1/3 of the metatarsal bones, situated in zones 1 and 2 of the right foot, and zones 1,2, 3 and 4 of the left foot.

Large Intestine Right Foot:

Ileocecal valve; found plantar aspect zone 5, just above pelvic girdle, close to zone 4

Ascending colon: travels vertically zone 5 close to zone 4, from pelvic to waistline

Hepatic flexure: zone 5 against zone 4, on waistline

Transverse colon: travels horizontally, zones 4, 3, 2 and 1 on waistline Left Foot:

Transverse colon; continues zone 1,2,3 on waistline, zone 4 at splenic flexure, colon goes above waistline

Splenic flexure: is found zone 5 against zone 4, just superior to waistline

Descending colon: zone 5 close to zone 4, down vertically and curving into sigmoid flexure

Sigmoid flexure: found zone 3/4, middle of heel

Anal aperture: zones 3, 2, 1, diagonal line at inferior medial edge of foot

1) Waistline to Diaphragm:

Thumb walk diagonally starting medial edge Waistline to Diaphragm line, moving across for each successive walk.

Change Hands, Thumb walk diagonally upward lateral to medial from Waistline to Diaphragm to complete fill in.

2) Waistline to Pelvic Girdle: Using Basic Hold:

Thumb Walk Horizontally from medial Plantar foot to lateral moving down with each successive walk.

Thumb Walk horizontally from lateral plantar foot to medial moving down with each successive walk

3) Heel / Pelvic girdle to base of heel

Thumb walk horizontally from medial plantar foot to lateral. 8 passes, change hands and return lateral to medial


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Digestive System:

Mouth Oesophagus (left foot)

Pancreas Duodenum wraps around

head of pancreas (rt foot)

Gall Bladder left foot only (hook and back up)


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Colour in upper digestive organs above waist line to diaphragm line, and

lower digestive

organs from waist

line to pelvic line (heel)

To locate Ileo Caecal Valve

(known as the mucus plug in

cases of excess mucus or lack

of mucus in the body)

Working the descending colon into

the Sigmoid Colon on the left foot

only


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REVIEW QUESTIONS:

1) What is the Digestive System?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………

…….

2) Complete this list: The successive parts of the Digestive System are:

mouth

……………………….

………………………

………………………

………………………

…………………….

……………………...

anus

3) What body Zone would you find the stomach?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………

…

4) Describe how you would walk Waist to Diaphragm.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…

5) Describe how you would walk Waistline to Pelvic Girdle.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…

6) Which hold would you use to walk Diaphragm to Waistline?

………………………………………………………………………………

7) List the 3 divisions of the large intestine:

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………

……

8) The Ileocecal Valve Reflex is found on the …….…………foot.

9) The Sigmoid Flexure is found on the …………..………. foot.


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10) Name the technique you would use on the Ileocecal Valve?

…………………………………………………………………..

11) List 4 reflexes that you would only find on the right foot

……………………………… ……………………………..

……………………………… ……………………………..

Urinary System


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The general function of the Urinary System is to cleanse the blood by filtering out waste substances and excreting them as urine. The Urinary system is made up of:

Two kidneys

Two ureter tubes

Urethra/Prostate

Bladder


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The Kidneys filter the entire blood stream in about 30 minutes, and does this about 60 times a day. They are considered the master chemists. Urine is produced in the kidneys and passed by wavelike muscular contractions down the tube-like urethras to the bladder, which serves as temporary storage. At intervals the bladder opens, usually voluntarily, and urine is expelled through the urethra.

Practical Application: Urinary System

Kidney Reflex is found on Plantar Aspect of both feet, positioned just above and just below the waistline in Zone 2 - 3. Ureter Tube Reflex travels vertically from Kidney Reflex, curving into Bladder Reflex, on both feet. It sits on the medial side of the tendon

1) Bladder Reflex Using Support & Protection:

Locate Bladder Reflex, Thumb Walk across using Fill in Technique repeat 6 x

2) Ureter Tube Reflex Using Support & Protection:

The ureters are found linking the kidney and bladder reflexes in zone 1 of both feet, on the medial side of the tendon line.

Thumb Walk Ureter Tube Reflex from Bladder to Kidney Reflex.

Breeze stroke back to Bladder Reflex and repeat X3.

3) Kidney Reflex Using Support & Protection:

Locate Kidney Reflex in zone 2 and 3. Make 6 vertical passes lateral to the tendon using right hand on right foot and left hand on left foot.

Change hands and return with 6 vertical passes. (heel to diaphragm)


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Reproductive system FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM The Reproductive system in the female is specifically structured no only to mature the ova (eggs), but also to house, nourish and nurture a growing foetus (baby). It consists of the ovaries, which are where the ova are formed, the fallopian tubes where the ovum is fertilised and, once fertilised, becomes a zygote; the uterus where the zygote develops into a foetus, and the vagina through which the foetus enters into the world. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM The male reproductive system consists of the testes, which are the gonads where the sperm are formed, a system of ducts, including the vas deferens, for transporting and storing sperm and accessory organs (prostate) that produce supporting substances. Uterus and Prostate (medial aspect)

Ovary and Testis (lateral aspect) Fallopian tube and Vas Deferens


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LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

Commonly known as the body’s ‘cleaning system’, the Lymphatic System serves as a barrier against the spread of infection in the body. Similar in some aspects to the circulatory system, lymph is clear fluid containing white blood cells, which are able to destroy bacteria. However, unlike the circulatory system, which achieves circulation of blood via pumping actions of the heart, movement of lymph fluid through the body is caused by the massaging effects of movement of other body organs and muscles, physical activity and breathing. Clusters of increasing-sized glands, called lymphatic ducts, occur periodically along the lymphatic vessels. As the lymph moves through them, the nodes in the ducts filter out bacteria and other debris. When you are fighting infection, your lymph nodes may enlarge and become tender. This pain indicates that the system is under some pressure from overload. The main sites of the larger lymph nodes are in the neck, armpits, breasts, abdomen, groin, pelvis and behind the knees.

The spleen is the largest mass of lymphatic tissue in the body.

The thymus has a major part in the functioning of our immune response.

The tonsils are our first defence against airborne bacteria.


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Practical Application: Lymphatic Drainage

Axillary lymphatic node reflexes are found in the zone canals on the dorsal aspects of both feet in the webbing of both toes.

Inguinal (groin) lymphatic node reflexes are found on the medial aspects of the malleolus of both feet in the groove where the leg meets the ankle.

Spleen reflex is found on left foot, zone 5 between the waist and the diaphragm lines. Practical Application: 1. Spleen Reflex

Walk from waistline up to diaphragm, left foot, zones 4 – 5

repeat x 6 2. Inguinal Nodes Reflex

Finger walk from medial malleolus up over ankle to lateral malleolus x 3

Change hands and return x 3

Hold index finger on the points and rock the foot back and forth. 3. Axillary Drainage

starting at zone 5, with thumb on plantar aspect, index finger on the dorsal aspect, pinch and pull the webbing

repeat process for each zone


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REVIEW QUESTIONS: 1) List the 4 precautions to a Reflexology Session?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………

2) What is the general function of the Urinary System?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………

3) In what Zone would you find the Kidney Reflex?

………………………………………………………………………………

4) How would you find the Ureter Tube Reflex?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………..………………

5) What body system is commonly called the ‘cleaner’?

……………………………………………………………………………..

6) Name 2 reflex systems you could work to help clear toxins released during a

reflexology treatment

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

….……………………

7) Where are the inguinal lymphatic node reflex areas found on the feet?

……………………………………………………………………………

8) In which Zones would you find the Solar Plexus Reflex?

……………………………………………………………………………


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The Spine ‘It is necessary to know the spine and what its natural purposes are, for such a knowledge will be requisite for many diseases.’ Hippocrates The spine (backbone or vertebral column) is the central support of the body. It carries the weight of the body and is an important axis of movement. It is made up of 33 vertebrae - all moveable at birth but the bones of the sacrum and coccyx fuse to form 2 immobile bones by early twenties. Divided into 5 sections from base to top:

5) sacral vertebrae fuse to make 1 triangular shaped bone = 1

4) at the base of the spine the vertebrae of the coccyx fuse to form 1 immobile bone = 1

3) lumbar vertebrae = 5

2) thoracic vertebrae = 12

1) cervical vertebrae = 7 Vertebrae are joined by discs and held in place with cartilage. Discs are slightly mobile, and act as shock absorbers for the skull and brain.

This long vertebral column encloses and protects the Spinal Cord, which is a column of

nervous tissue extending from the Brain to the 2nd lumbar vertebrae and is the central channel

of the Nervous System, it carries the nerves from the brain to all parts of the body.


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Practical Application: Spine The Spine Reflex runs along the inner aspect of both feet - half the spine being represented on each foot. It is found in zone 1 on the medial aspect of the foot and runs from the heel to the tip of the big toe. The Cervical Reflex is found medial aspect of both feet- base of Great Toe to nail of Great Toe The Thoracic Reflex is found on the medial side of both feet from the base of big toe to the waistline. The Lumbar Reflex is found on the medial aspect of both feet from the waistline to the pelvic floor. The Sacral/Coccyx reflex is found medial aspect calcaneus. The Sciatic Nerve Reflex is found approximately ½ way down the heel of the foot, travelling across the foot in all five zones. It also runs up the medial and lateral side of the Achilles tendon. The Brain Reflex is found on the tips of the phalanges (toes) on both feet. The Neck Reflex is found on both feet at the lateral side and base of the big toe. The Shoulder Reflex is found on the lateral edge of both feet, zone 5, curling around the 5th MP joint.

1. Brain Reflex:

Supporting big toe, roll finger over top of the toe

Use several rolls

Work both ways

2. Shoulder Reflexes

Fill in space

Starting below the 5th MP joint head on lateral side of foot, work in a semi-circle upwards into the channel or the plantar surface

3. Spine

Locate and mark the spinal ridge.

Support and protect the foot and thumb walk up the medial aspect of the spinal ridge- from the base of heel up over MP joint to top of the great toe..

Repeat 3 times.

Change hands and work down the spinal reflex areas. Repeat 3 times.


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Location of reflex areas and working the spine

Brain

Shoulders


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Cervical vertebrae

Shoulder reflex Hip, Sciatic reflexes Leg Knee/Elbow


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The Nervous System The Nervous system is made up of millions of nerve cells that all communicate with one another to control the body and maintain homeostasis. These cells detect what is happening both inside and outside of the body, interpret these happenings and cause a response. Basically the nervous system has three functions; sensory, integrative and motor. Sensory receptors pick up stimuli that are taking place both inside and outside the body. All the information gathered by these sensory receptors is called sensory input. Integrative function happens once the sensory input has been received, it is analysed, processed and interpreted in the brain and spinal cord. Motor function then causes a reaction to act or respond to the stimulus by glandular secretions or muscular contractions.

The Central Nervous System Is made up of the brain (being the control centre), and spinal cord while the Peripheral Nervous system consists of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves. The brain reflex can be located in both feet at the top of the big toe and also the top of toes two and three, and the spinal nerves along the medial aspect of both feet from heel to just under the big toe nail.

Nerves (Neurons)


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REVIEW QUESTIONS 1) List the 5 sections of the spine

………………………………. ………………………….. ………………………………. ………………………….. ……………………………….

2) Complete these sentences:

a. The long vertebral column of the spine protects the …………………………………….. b. The …………………………. aspect of each foot is curved to correspond to the spine c. Every part of the body is operated by ………………………. carried back and forth along neural pathways. All these pathways lead to ………………..…….

d. The brain is the ………….……………. for nerve impulses 3) Draw an outline of plantar foot then mark these anatomical aspects: Superior, inferior medial lateral plantar Transverse zones shoulder girdle Diaphragm line Waistline Pelvic girdle Tendon line 4) Where would you find a bunion? ……………………………………………………….. 5) Complete this list of referral areas: Palm ……………………………….. Wrist ………………………….. Lower calf …………………………. Elbow …………………………… Upper arm …………………………. Shoulder joint ………………….. 6) Name 5 of the basic observations you would notice on a presenting foot.

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………….


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Professional Skills & Attitudes Duty of Care:

Is a legal obligation exhibited by you to people or persons coming under your direct care.

Exists where there is a cause/effect relationship - which is foreseeable and predictable.

Is the carer’s responsibility for those in his/her immediate care.

Is common sense and the right of your client, patient and or guest to be taken in consideration.

Examples: -

if, while in your work environment, a client was to trip over a loose floor covering and injure themselves….. you would be liable for dereliction of Duty of Care.

if, a client was to fall from your massage table while getting up and you had failed to advise them to alight carefully as they may experience some disorientation …. you would be liable for dereliction of Duty of Care.

if a fire broke out in the premises in which you were treating someone, and in your panic you omitted to inform your client of the immediate danger and assist them from the building safely, but choose instead to yell “FIRE!” and run for your life .. you would be liable for dereliction of Duty of Care.

So: Duty of Care to our client would entail:

Prepare a clean, safe environment

Instructions to client for safe process to alight table

Be responsible for their immediate comfort – Pillows, knee support, warmth or coolness, sheeting or toweling to ensure protection of modesty.

Inform client of possible imbalance when alighting from table

Assist client from table – if necessary

Take all necessary precautions to ensure clients safety and comfort Our Duty of Care can also be transposed into our continual Professional development as a therapist:

First Aid Certificate (update every 3 years)

Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation Cert (update every 12 months)

Professional Indemnity Insurance

Membership of self-regulated Industry Association

Participation in Practicum Exchange with your peers

Attending Workshops or Seminars to update your knowledge

Subscriptions to or purchase of Industry Publications

Australian Qualification level of study relevant to your Industry

Regular Case History networking with your peers


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Client Records (Taking a case history) The information gained from observation, questioning and specific diagnostic techniques (such as palpation) should be exactly recorded for future reference. This is usually done by keeping a case history. A case history consists of many things that might be related to the patient’s disorder. It allows for methodical evaluation. It should record the following at the first consultation or treatment session:

Date of commencement

Date of birth

Name and address

Telephone number

Sex

Occupation

Name of medical practitioner

Medical history

Medication the person is taking

What the complaint is and other health problems

Dates of all treatment, with a brief evaluation

Lifestyle – diet, exercise, also hobbies and relaxation, water intake, tea/coffee intake, alcohol intake, smoker, sleep patterns, allergies

Hair quality, skin quality, nail quality (hands and feet)

Gait, posture, muscle tone, joints – restricted movement or hereditary defect

Emotional state and stress level

Record assessment results and findings

Dates and further schedules of treatments

Details of any communication/ noted interactions with health practitioner or other clinic staff

Details of any referrals All records are confidential and should be filed appropriately, but there may be circumstances when the client records would need to be released. These circumstances are:

In an emergency or other urgent situation where the information may prevent possible injury to the client or other person

If required to do so by law or some legal proceeding

When a client provides a request


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Reactions to Reflexology Treatment

People differ – and so to do their reactions. A recipient must be informed of the possible reactions following treatment. On the whole reactions immediately after a treatment are largely pleasant, leaving the recipient feeling calm and relaxed or energized and rejuvenated. However, as Reflexology activates the body’s own healing power, some form of reaction is inevitable. There is a natural cleaning process – a detox. Normally the recipient’s body will not cleanse any more than their body is able to cope with. However, as the reaction depends upon the degree of imbalance, people differ and therefore, so too do their reactions. The most common reactions are related to the body cleansing itself of toxins and are manifested in the eliminating systems – kidney, bowel, skin & lung. Drinking warm, boiled water will assist flushing toxins from the system. Our clients may experience a differing range of mental, emotional or physical reactions to treatment; remember always that you are there to facilitate healing, not to cure. Sensitivity of reflexes will vary, so it is important to stay tuned to your client for reaction, as you will need to adjust your pressure accordingly.

A noticeable level of sensitivity is a good sign, as this tells us that the client is capable of listening to messages sent by their body.

No noticeable sensitivity tells us that the client has stopped listening to body signals. You would not deepen your pressure to create sensitivity. We would expect to work at least 3 further sessions before this client begins to recognize their body’s signals.

The following reactions are not unusual:

Increase in urine, perhaps with heavy sediment or smell

Flatulence and stools may increase in bulk, volume and frequency

Aggravated skin conditions (perspiration, odour, pimples or rash)

Improved skin tone and tissue texture due to improved circulation

Increased secretions of the mucous membranes in the nose, mouth, ears or bronchials

Sleep patterns can be either disturbed or deeper and more relaxing

Dizziness or nausea

A temporary outbreak of a previous disease which has been suppressed

Increased vaginal discharge in women

Feverishness

Headaches

Depression, overwhelming desire to weep


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Sensitivity to alcohol or caffeine may heighten

Precautions to Treatment Reflexology is a particularly safe, effective, therapy. It involves the use of no external medicine or instruments and works by activating the body’s own innate healing system toward restoring and maintaining optimum health. There is some controversy in Reflexology circles regarding contraindications and precautions. Some schools of thought believe that there are no contraindications as Reflexology is a holistic therapy, which aims to restore homeostasis. Others say there are no contraindications, only precautions. The following guide includes the list of precautions /contraindications outlined by the Reflexology Association of Australia as well as those taught in Reflexology schools in England. Although Reflexology is a natural, non-toxic form of therapy, it is vitally important that the precautions / contraindications of Reflexology are strictly adhered to and that utmost care and caution is applied in certain conditions.

1. Acute inflammation of the venous and lymphatic system e.g. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT – possible blood clots in the legs). Where there is a history of blood clotting or any inflammatory condition of the lymphatic or circulatory system.

2. Acute, infectious fevers and diseases. Due to the risk of transmission of infectious disease.

3. Conditions where surgery is indicated.

4. Unstable or risky pregnancies, especially in the first trimester. If patient has had a history of miscarriages, is haemorrhaging, or has had medical problems throughout previous pregnancies.

5. Osteoporosis or decalcification of the feet. Use hand reflexology instead.

6. Atrophy of the feet, gangrene and extensive infections of the feet. Use hand reflexology instead.

7. Lymphatic and active cancer. Reflexology has been used overseas in some cancer wards to help improve the quality of remaining life for terminal patients. It is believed that reflexology could accelerate malignancy of the lymphatic or circulatory system and for this reason it is seen as a contraindication if the doctor has given instructions stating NO EXERCISE.

8. Recent fractures or breaks. It is too traumatic and painful to apply Reflexology soon after a broken bone. However, Reflexology is excellent for helping to heal old injuries, which have not completely healed. Use hand Reflexology instead in the case of broken bones of the foot.


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9. Unstable Blood pressure Blood pressure not effectively controlled by medication.

10. Cardiac patients Within six months of a heart attack or cardiac condition. Approach with extreme caution along with consultation and mutual agreement.

11. Tinea and dry scaly skin conditions.

Due to the risk of contagion and pain to the client.

12. Patients taking a large number of prescribed drugs.

13. DIABETES – Insulin dependent diabetics. Diabetics have a metabolic disorder resulting in abnormally high blood sugar levels. Insulin lowers the blood sugar levels and if medical insulin is taken in conjunction with Reflexology treatments, the blood sugar levels may drop too much and become too low. As low blood sugar can amount to serious implications, diabetics taking insulin must monitor their Reflexology treatments alongside strict medical supervision.

14. Following organ transplant. Patients will be on anti-rejection medication and Reflexology may interact with these medications.

15. Patients undergoing psychological treatment. It is possible that Reflexology may cause an unpredictable outcome in some seriously disturbed psychiatric patients. In the case of severely psychotic persons it is sensible to take precautions. Some therapists, however, have found Reflexology an invaluable tool for assisting the relief of symptoms that are aggravated by stress in psychiatric patients.

16. Fever Reflexology, may be practiced when the client has a temperature. This body is already under siege and does not require any major demands upon it. Gentle stroking and intuitive touch are required.

17. Open sores, wounds, cuts.

TREAT WITH EXTREME CARE Epilepsy Reflexology treatments while reputed to be able to rectify this condition can

be known to bring on epileptic seizures in some clients. Arthritis Never over stimulate the reflexes of an arthritic patient as this may induce a period of intensified pain.


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Medication Anyone taking medically prescribed drugs should have Reflexology treatments in alignment with direct medical supervision. Reflexologists are not medical doctors and at no stage should a Reflexologist attempt to diagnose a condition or recommend stopping prescribed medication. Reflexologists do not treat specific conditions, but aim to restore homeostasis to the body.

Heart Conditions Again the rule with heart patients is to tread cautiously. Over stimulation of foot reflexes has in the past possibly been linked to heart attacks, so in the case of suspect or known heart conditions it is always best to work lightly and gently over the heart reflex.


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The Endocrine System The Endocrine system consists of a number of ductless glands throughout the body, which are not anatomically connected. These glands produce hormones, which are released directly from the cells into the bloodstream and transported to the target area. A hormone is a chemical substance, which travels around the body until it reaches the target organ or gland whose activity is then influenced in the appropriate way. The endocrine system and the autonomic nervous system work together to maintain the internal environment of the body, and good health depends on a properly balanced output from the various glands.


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Practical Application: Endocrine System

1. Pituitary Reflex:

Is found in the centre of the widest part of the big toe, inside the ‘swirl’. Hook in and pull

up

Repeat x 3

2. Throat/Neck/Thyroid Reflexes:

Thumb walk medial to lateral root of big toe

Repeat x 3

Thumb walk lateral to medial root of big toe

Repeat x 3

4. Ovaries/Testes:

The ovaries/testes reflex is found on the lateral side of the feet in a small indentation

midway between the high point of the lateral malleolus and the corner of the heel

Locate the reflex, support and protect the foot and circle into point

3. Adrenal Reflexes:

The adrenal reflexes are found in both feet on the medial side of the tendon line, halfway

between the waistline and the diaphragm

Leaving thumb on kidney reflex

Left foot 10 o’clock to kidney

Right foot 2 o’clock to kidney

Walk from waist to Diaphragm on medial side of tendon


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Ovary / Testes

Thyroid / Parathyroid


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Support and protect each individual toe.

Starting at the top and centre of the great toe, thumb walk down to base. Make 4 passes moving to the lateral edge of the toe with 3 passes.

Repeat on 2nd / 3rt, 4th and 5th toes

Change hands and return starting at the tip and centre of the little toe. Thumb walk the medial half of each toe with 3 passes. Finish with 4 passes on the medial edge of the great toe.


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REVIEW QUESTIONS 1) Where do we find the pancreas reflex?

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2) List what you would consider the 4 most important points of your Duty of Care

responsibility. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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3) Who is known as the Mother of reflexology? …………………………………………………. 4) Where is the pituitary?

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(b) what technique is used in treatment of this point?

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5) What effect could a corn growing on a reflex point have on the sufferer?

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Practical Application: Closing Down Technique

Closing down technique to be used after sequence is finished Several Relaxation Techniques finishing off with;

Solar Plexus Push

Identify Solar Plexus Reflex, Zone 2 – 3, Diaphragm Line

Place Thumbs on Solar Plexus Reflex each foot

Deliver instructions to client: - Breath in slowly - Hold Breath for a count of 3 - Exhale slowly and hold - Repeat process several times

Proceed by: - As client inhales, gently exert pressure to Solar Plexus Reflex - As client holds, gently maintain pressure - As client exhales, gently release pressure to Solar Plexus Reflex - Follow clients breathing pattern for your rhythm

To complete gently release from Solar Plexus Reflex 3) Inform client

Of correct way to alight table or chair

That you will be available for assistance to alight should they need it? 4) Wash hands using proper hygiene procedures


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REVIEW QUESTIONS: 1) List the 4 precautions to a Reflexology Session?

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2) List your ‘closing down’ procedures at the completion of a session?

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3) What is the general function of the Urinary System?

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4) In what Zone would you find the Kidney Reflex?

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5) How would you find the Ureter Tube Reflex?

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6) For what reason do we take the turn from Bladder into Ureter Tube so ‘specifically’?

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HAND REFLEXOLOGY

It is sometimes more convenient to work on the hands, either your own or another’s. Just as with the foot, we can analyse the hand. By observing the hands closely, we can get some indication of the patients’ imbalances. Each person’s hand is individual and unique, and just like the feet, each shows a similarity to the corresponding part of the body. As with observations of the feet, a healthy hand has a nice pink colour, is warm to the touch, the skin is in good condition and the joints and fingers are flexible and do not show any distortions. The nails should be in good condition. This means they should have a good pink colour, and be without marks or ridges. Over the years, research has found that many endocrine disorders and glandular problems are shown in a malfunction of the growth of the finger nails.

REFLEXOLOGY HAND TREATMENT SEQUENCE

The foot sequence be used to complete a hand sequence treatment or alternatively the following sequence may be followed

Relaxation

Rock the carpals – support hand by the wrist, palm down Shake the wrist to loosen the joint – interlock thumb and 5th finger Rotate the wrist in both directions – interlace fingers and support below the wrist Rotate the thumb and pull gently and rotate and pull other finger Hand moulding – sandwich client’s hand between yours and apply deep circular pressure Both thumbs apply deep circular pressure over palmar aspect Press with thumbs to open up the five zones over palmar aspect


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Palmar surface

1. Slide in strips over each individual phalynx (1,2) of thumb. Walk the thumb (5

zones) to the tip and press on the brain reflex for several seconds 2. Slide over each phalynx of fingers (1,2,3). Walk each finger down towards the web,

slide back up 3. Press and apply small rotary circles between distal, medial, and proximal joints of

all fingers (eye, ear reflexes) 4. Squeeze and slide along length of edges of fingers between your thumb and fingers

(sinuses) 5. Press along the ridge (eye, ear helper) 6. Work entire lung area in different directions – slide over area then walk 7. Work digestion and intestinal area down to just above the crease of the wrist –

slide over area then walk over reflexes. Hook into gallbladder. Hook into ileo-caecal valve and follow direction of large colon

8. Work the bladder and ureter to the kidney – hook into kidney reflex – hook into adrenal gland reflex

9. Slide and walk over pelvic area and sciatic nerve just above the wrist. Squeeze with thumb and fingers along sciatic area up the forearm starting at the wrist

10. Slide and walk along spine with thumb in both directions 11. Slide thumbs towards each other over wrist and up the forearm to release carpal

tunnel area Relaxation Knuckle and deep slide with heel of hand over palmar surface Dorsal surface

12. Work several zones on dorsum of thumb from below the thumb nail to the neck reflex (face, teeth, trigeminal nerve) – slide and walk

13. Work over dorsum of the other fingers (jaw and teeth) – slide and walk 14. Work with thumb or index finger between each metacarpal (chest, ribs) –

handshake support and separate each finger to open metacarpals 15. Drain upper lymph – slide between metacarpals draining toward webs of fingers 16. Both thumbs press into the uterus/prostate and ovary/testis, or work reflexes one

at a time, and walk along wrist “bracelet” over fallopian/vas deferens reflexes 17. Fingers walk over dorsum of hand and wrist to move the lymph (abdomen and

groin) 18. Circle around carpals 19. Walk with thumb or fingers along lateral edge of ulna bone to work into sciatic.

Then work sacro-iliac joint around the head of ulna bone. Work pelvic/hip, knee/elbow and shoulder areas

Relaxation Slide with thumb in several strips along forearm to open various meridian lines Hand molding Interlock thumb and 5th finger and shake wrist Sandwich hand between your hands and hold


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REVIEW QUESTION:

On the hand chart please label the following reflexes: Eye Ear Head/brain Neck Lungs Liver Stomach Kidney Bladder Intestines Ileo-caecal valve Hips Spinal Column

hltref002 provide reflexology for relaxation learner guide · the reflexology therapist uses the...

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