greenhouse effect and climate change

7/29/2019 Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change

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By :Matab Nadim

Ali ZaherDoha Thaer

Shaima Nazer

Mennatallah

Supervised by: Dr Hussein Sabit



The earth's "greenhouse effect" is what

makes this planet suitable forlife as we know it. A greenhouse gas is a gas in anatmosphere that absorbs and emits

radiation within the thermal infraredrange.

The earth's atmosphere contains trace

gases, some of which absorb heat. Thesegases (water vapor, carbon dioxide,methane, ozone, and nitrous oxide) arereferred to as "greenhouse gases .“



In the Solar System, the atmospheres of

Venus andMarsalso contain gases that

cause greenhouse effects.

Greenhouse gases greatly affect the

temperature of the Earth; without them,

Earth's surface would average about 33 °C(59 °F)colder than at present



. Greenhouse Gases

Carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gases.It consists of one carbon atom with an

oxygen atom bonded to each side. When its atoms are bonded tightly together,the carbon dioxide molecule can absorbinfrared radiation and the molecule starts to

vibrate. Eventually, the vibrating molecule will emit theradiation again, and it will likely be absorbed byyet another greenhouse gas molecule.

This absorption-emission-absorption cycleserves to keep the heat near the surface,effectively insulating the surface from the cold

of space.



Carbon dioxide, water vapor , methane,nitorus oxide, and a few other gases

are greenhouse gases.

They all are molecules composed of more than two component atoms,bound loosely enough together to beable to vibrate with the absorption of heat.

The major components of theatmosphere are two-atom moleculestoo tightly bound together to vibrate andthus they do not absorb heat andcontribute to the greenhouse effect.



Greenhouse Effect

Atmospheric scientists first used the term

'greenhouse effect' in the early 1800s.

At that time, it was used to describe thenaturally occurring functions of trace gases in

the atmosphere and did not have any negativeconnotations.

It was not until the mid-1950s that the term

greenhouse effect was coupled with concernover climate change.

.



And in recent decades, we often hear about

the greenhouse effect in somewhat negative

terms.

The negative concerns are related to the

possible impacts of an enhanced

greenhouse effect.

It is important to remember that without

the greenhouse effect, life on earth as weknow it would not be possible



While the earth's temperature is dependentupon the greenhouse-like action of theatmosphere, the amount of heating and

cooling are strongly influenced by severalfactors just as greenhouses are affected byvarious

factors.

In the atmospheric greenhouse effect, the typeof surface that sunlight first encounters is themost important factor.

Forests, grasslands, ocean surfaces, ice caps,deserts, and cities all absorb, reflect, and radiateradiation differently.



Sunlight falling on a white glacier surfacestrongly reflects back into space, resultingin minimal heating of the surface and lower

atmosphere.

Sunlight falling on a dark desert soil isstrongly absorbed, on the other hand, and

contributes to significant heating of thesurface and lower atmosphere.

Cloud cover also affects greenhouse

warming by both reducing the amount of solar radiation reaching the earth's surfaceand by reducing the amount of radiationenergy emitted into space.



Sunlight falling on a dark desert soil is strongly

absorbed, on the other hand, and contributes

to significant heating of the surface and lower

atmosphere.

Cloud cover also affects greenhouse warming

by both reducing the amount of solar radiation

reaching the earth's surface and by reducing

the amount of radiation energy emitted into

space.

Scientists use the term albedo to define thepercentage of solar energy reflected back by

a surface.



Climate change is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over

periods ranging from decades to millions of years.

It may be a change in average weather conditions, or in the distribution of weather around the average conditions.

Climate change is caused by factors that include oceanic processes such as oceanic circulation variations in solar radiation received by Earth .



human-induced alterations of the natural world; these latter effects are currently

causing global worming and "climatechange" is often used to describe human-specific impact

Scientists actively work to understand past and

future climate by using observations andtheoretical models

borehole temperature profiles, ice cores, floraland faunal records, glacial and periglacialprocesses, stable isotope and other sedimentanalyses, and sea level records serve toprovide a climate record that spans thegeologic past.



More recent data are provided by the

instrumental record.

Physically based general circulation

models are often used in theoretical

approaches to match past climatedata, make future projections, and

link causes and effects in climate

change.



Extreme flooding ,death

from disease, intense

storms damages homes

and villages and causes

deaths and disease

Droughts have

adverse impactson agriculture

Social disputes are

caused by

diminishingnatural resources

and the

destruction of

water supplies



If climate change goes unchecked, its

effects will be catastrophic “on the level

of nuclear war.

The security dimension will comeincreasingly to the forefront as countriesbegin to see falls in available resourcesand economic vitality, increased stress on

their armed forces, greater instability inregions of strategic import, increases inethnic rivalries, and a widening gapbetween rich and poor .



What level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

should the world community identify as a target.

Who is responsible for the consequences of climate

change.

Who should pay for the damages .

Is it fair to prevent some countries from developing

the way others have in the past.



We are all responsible for that



• We are interfering with thecarbon cycle, releasing carbon

from long-term storage byburning fossil fuels (oil, coal,natural gas) and adding carbon

dioxide to the atmosphere



• Everyone benefiting from theburning of fossil fuels is responsible

• Everyone involved in land clearing

or benefiting from land use changesis a contributor

• How much we are responsibledepends on our country of residence, lifestyle andconsumption patterns, with the richmost responsible

• The poor will be the greatest victimsof climate change, whilecontributing the least to the problem

• This is an ethical dilemma



National

Carbon

DioxideEmissions

Per Capita



Arctic

TemperatureScenario

2090



Predicteddecrease

inArcticOcean

ice cover



• Climate change may be thecommon threat that forces

governments to worktogether in their collectiveinterest.

• An ethical approach will beessential to convince all of

us to act.• solve the problems that threaten

future sustainability



Earth in danger……………

This is our world, Earth, it has given us a perfect medium

home any living and non-living could ever have. Sadly, we

don't appreciate what we have because we are killing it

bit by bit. To stop this, we should recycle as much as

possible. We try our best not to cut trees and instead

grow more. We should also stop using fire when it's not in

need. This also includes smoking cigarette, one of the

useless source of producing carbon monoxide, the killer

of the ozone layer, so we should stop people from

producing it in any useless way. The human race won't

last any much longer if we continue our daily bad habit of

polluting the Earth in any way. OUR SURVIVAL IS ON OUR

HANDS……… SO STOP READING THIS IF YOU ARE DOINGANY SOURCE OF POLLUTION AND DO WHATS RIGHT!!!



Q1: What are the most urgent environmental issues and problems in the

world today?

Energy Production.

Transportation.

Pollution.

We Don't know what to do with waste.

We think the current issue of global warming is the most urgent problemwe are facing in the world. I recently read an article about how the

Maldives are sinking because of the change in global warming. It's scary

that a whole nation could be effected so literally. In the years to come, the

Maldives may not be around anymore.

Q2: What do you think are the central or most important reasons for theseproblems?

The increase of human population

Increase of the co2 in the atmosphere because of us .

The wrong use of technology.



Q3: What is the evidence that global warming is occurring?

the gap in the ozone layer is an evidence and Maldives sinking.

Q4: What is the evidence that humans are the cause of global warming?

Scientists have found the strongest evidence to date that human activity--

burning fossil fuel and cutting down forests--causes global warming.Robert K. Kaufmann, associate professor of geography at BostonUniversity, and David I. Stern, research fellow at Australian National

University, uncovered the evidence using statistical analysis. Their fullreport, "Evidence for Human Influence on Climate from HemisphereTemperature Relations," will appear in Nature on July 3.

Q5: What are the consequences of global warming?

Thermal limits and ocean migrations of sockeye salmon is a long-termconsequences of global warming.



Q6: Can we do anything about global warming?

Strongly disagree

Top 10 Things You Can Do to Reduce Global Warming

1. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

2. Use Less Heat and Air Conditioning

3. Change a Light Bulb

4. Drive Less and Drive Smart

5. Buy Energy-Efficient Products

6. Use Less Hot Water

7. Use the "Off" Switch8. Plant a Tree

9. Get a Report Card from Your Utility Company

Q7: Nature is just a source of resources for us.

Strongly disagree

Q8: The government should strictly regulate toxic waste.

Agree

Strongly disagree



Q9: We should make every effort possible to avoid infringing on the

natural environment any more than we already have.

Strongly disagree

Q10: We owe future generations a clean and safe environment.

Strongly agree

Q11: We should not impose our environmental concerns on developing

nations.Strongly disagree

greenhouse effect and climate change

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