Executive MasterIntercultural Communication

Lugano 2009Modul Fleiner

Class 2:Shared Rule – Self Rule

Shared Rule Self RuleC

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Basic Elements of Federalism

Shared Rule Principle

Main Issues:

Legitimacy:

Democracy

Representation

Equality

Federalism

EffectivenessCapacity to do the job

Federalism and Government byConsent

Governmental Systems

Parliamentary and Multicultural Society

Presidential and Multicultural Society

Directorial and Multicultural Society

Forms of Federal Executives and Legislatures in

Selected Federations (Watts)

Federation

Executive Legislature

Head of Government

Head Fe- deration

Bicameral unic. Leg.

Austr. Cabinet Prime Mini. Monarch Bicamer.

Austria Cabinet Chancellor El. Presid. Bicamer.

Belgi. Cabinet Prime Mini. Monarch Bicamer.

Canada Cabinet Prime. Mini. Monarch Bicamer.

Germa. Cabinet Chancellor Pres. El. Assembly

Bicamer.

Malays. Cabinet Prime.Min. Sel. Her. rulers

Bicamer.

Spain Cabinet Prime.Min. Monarch Bicamer.

CH Fixed termExec.Dire.

Rot. Pres. Rot. Pres. Bicamer.

US Sep. Pres. Congress

President Pres. Elected

Bicamer.

Variations in Selection, Composition and Powers of

Second Chambers S. Watts

Selection Composition Powers Role

App. By Fed. Gov. CA Mal.63% Seats

Equal Regio.Repr. CA

Absol VetoMediation US, CH

Legislature CH; US, AT AU MY

App. By F.Gv. Nom. Provinc.

Equ. St. Re. AU, US,CH

Abs. Veto f. some Leg.

Legis.; int. Gvt Rel ZA

App. State Gov. GE

2 Cat. Of St. Repres. CH

Susp. Veto time ES MY

Interpret.Const. Ethi.

Ind. El. State legis. AT IN MY

Weighed. St. Repr. AU. IN.

Susp.Veto GE

Dir.El. Simpl. Plur. CH, US

Weighed St. Repr. IN, AT

Deadlock: joint Sitting

Dir. El. Prop. AU Ad.repr.for other IN,MY

Deadlock: Diss. Joint Sit.

Choice left to Cantons CH

Min. reg. repr. ES,BE

Money Bill Sus Veto IN,My

Mixed. BE.ES, MY

Repr. NationEhtiop.

Judic. Funct.Ethiop.

Self-Rule PrincipleAutonomy and Distribution of Powers

Problems:

Solidarity e.g. Belgium

Globalisation – Intergovernmental Relationship

Wealfare State, New Deal USA

Federal Spending power Common Law Continental Law

Foreign investment

Competition

Human Rights – Right to be equal

Devolution without shared Rule GB

Main Questions:

Purpose of Distribution

Who decides?

Concept and Technique of Distribution

Criteria‘s

What is distributed

Distribution to - Whom? - What entities? - Border-lines?

Asymmetric Distribution

Who decides

Constitution maker

Federal Legislature

Both

Court (US, EU)

Common Law: Family Law, Property Law, Contract, Criminal Law, Procedure, commercial law etc.

Purpose of Distributionand Criteria’s

LegitimacyDiversity

Efficiency

Democracy

Justice

Financial CapacityNeed for Coordination

Interest of the task limited to the region

Need for a uniform solution

Closeness to local population

Subsidiary Principle

Commerce Clause

Necessary and Proper Clause

Purpose Criteria’s Principles

Equality

What is distributed

Branches ofGovernment

Constitution MakingLegislationExecutionJudiciary

FinancialCompetences

Income:Taxes, Grants,Bonds, Loans

Expenditures

FinancialEqualisation

GovernmentalTasks

Foreign PolicyIncl. Defence

PoliceEducation, Cul-tureHealth, EnvironmentEconomy andDevelopment

Mineral Resource, Water etc.Public Services

Civil Law Common Law

Individual / col-lective rights

CommonLaw, Codi-fication Spending

PowerOpting out localdeviation

Techniques of Distribution

Exclusive

Parallel

Concurrent

General Clauses

Detailed Regulations

Concept Technique

Bottom up

Top Down

Parallel Distribution

Supremacy