English colonization in North America

Anglican Church Anne Hutcheson Athenian (Direct) Democracy Cash cropsCavaliersCommerceDiseaseFall LineFirst AfricansIndentured ServantsJamestownMayflowerMayflower Compact (Covenant Community)Middle Passage

New EnglandPilgrims (Separatists)PlantationsPlymouthPuritansQuakersReligious IntoleranceRhode IslandRoger WilliamsSalem Witch TrialsSubsistence farmingThriftyTown meetings Virginia Co. of LondonVirginia House of Burgesses

The first permanent English settlement in

America, Jamestown was founded in 1607.

The Virginia Company of London was founded in 1606 as a private business, intent on gaining profit by exploiting the

resources (??) of the Chesapeake region in Virginia. Jamestown was established as a business venture to make money.

1617

Plantations & Indentured Servants

Thanks to the successful cultivation of tobacco, Jamestown became prosperous by 1620. Soon thereafter, many came to Virginia and set up plantations. Cavaliers were men of English nobility who were given land grants in Virginia. At first, tobacco was the only cash crop in the Southern colonies.

The Cavaliers were not going to work these plantations. Solution: Indentured servants: The wealthy Englishmen would pay for a poor Englishmen’s fare to the New World. In return, the Indentured servant would work five to seven years to pay off their debt. During their years of servitude, they would learn skills like farming, blacksmithing, cobbling, ferrying. etc . . . Most times, they would also receive money and land from their master. However, most indentured servants died before they paid off their debt.

First elected officials:

Virginia House of Burgesses - 1619

The Virginia Co. was doing a lousy job of running the colony. The first ever elected body (indirect democracy)was created to improve the colony. By 1624, though, the King had dissolved the Virginia Co. The King would run the colony for now on. However, the House of Burgesses took care of many colonial decisions.

1619: Slavery comes to the

English colony

The Middle Passage brought slaves from Africa across the Atlantic to the Caribbean. Most stayed in the Caribbean, but others went to North America.

Plymouth!

• The Pilgrims land at Plymouth Rock on December 21, 1620. Originally from England, the Pilgrims moved to Holland to escape the religious prosecution they endured in England. However, the Pilgrims wanted their children to grow up English, so they requested and received permission to settle in the English colonies in the New World. The Pilgrims sailed aboard the Mayflower in 1620, settling in Plymouth (Massachusetts) along the New England coast. They wanted religious freedom.

Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower in 1620 sign the Mayflower Compact, which called for majority rule and Puritan beliefs (since they made up the majority of the Plymouth settlers’ religion). The Mayflower Compact helped create a covenant community – a religious group that makes an agreement to run their affairs.

Town Hall Meetings – Direct Democracy in New England

The Mayflower Compact laid the ground work for direct democracy in New

England. All voting citizens met at a central location and decided on

new laws and policies for their town. No one is elected since everyone

votes yes or no on the laws being discussed > direct (Athenian) democracy!

1832 was the first recorded town hall meeting.

1676: Bacon’s Rebellion

Bacon’s Rebellion: causes• The Gov. of Virginia and the House

of Burgesses catered to only the rich plantation owners!

• Indians and small farmers had sporadic, yet violent, conflicts. Nothing was done to stop these violent attacks.

• Nathaniel Bacon, a small farmer, raised an unauthorized force made up of small farmers who use to be indentured servants (work for 5-7 years to pay off their costs for coming to the colony) and drove out the Indians.

• Gov. Berkley issued orders for Bacon to be arrested.

The Rebellion

• After being charged, Bacon decided to attack Jamestown.

• Bacon’s forced captured Jamestown. Berkley ran to the Eastern Shore. Bacon didn’t know what to do, so he burned Jamestown. The Bacon died suddenly of dysentery and the rebellion was over. Berkley came out of hiding and declared himself winner.

The Effects• The upper class society still

regarded the lower class with disdain. The colony would be run by English officials and they would do what was best for the plantation owners and cavaliers – men of English nobility who received land (in Virginia) from the crown.

• Indentured servants were deemed untrustworthy. More and more slaves began to replace indentured servants.

Religious Intolerance: Plymouth and the Massachusetts Bay

Colony

1635: The Case of Roger WilliamsRoger Williams, an English religious nonconformist, founded the American colony of Rhode Island in the 1630s under the principles of religious freedom and the separation of church and state. Williams’s example contributed to the adoption of a system of religious tolerance by the framers of the Constitution of the United States.

1637: The Case of Anne Hutchinson

A very intelligent woman (probably too smart for her time). She believed the government should not control the church. She spoke out against the governor of Massachusetts. Basically, she was branded as a heretic and tried for treason. She was excommunicated from the church and banished from the colony

1692: The Salem Witch Trials

http://school.discoveryeducation.com/schooladventures/salemwitchtrials/story/story.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Eel02K-WPo

The Three Colonial Regions

New England Colonies

• Founded by Pilgrims and Puritans • Economy: based on ship-building, fishing,

lumbering and subsistence farming. Puritan work ethic: strong work and being thrifty made New England very prosperous

• Social life: very church centered. If you had a high place in the church you were well thought of. Religiously intolerant (except for R.I.).

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut and New Hampshire

Middle Colonies

• Founded by English, Dutch and Germans. • Economy: trade, ship-building, small farms

and. Seaport cities like NY and Philly became commercial centers of trade.

• Social life: had a middle class thanks to all the trade going on. Region was religiously tolerant with Quakers welcome in PA and Catholics welcome in MD.

New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware and New Jersey

Southern Colonies

• Founded by the English and some Scotch-Irish (in the VA mountains).

• Economy: based on agriculture (plantations east of the fall line and small farms west of the fall lines). Used first indentured servants then slaves to work on the plantations and farms. Cash crops were tobacco, rice & indigo.

• Social life: based on English social structure and land ownership. Many southerners held close ties to the Church of England (Anglican Church).

Maryland, Virginia, North & South Carolina and Georgia

European Interaction with Native Americans

• European diseases such as measles, mumps and smallpox killed the Native Americans,

• Native Americans were seldom used as slaves because they could easily escape back to their tribe.

• The French (who founded modern day Canada ) had better relations with native Americans since they came to America in smaller numbers & thus, took less land.