The Colonization of North America

U.S.--Chapter 1APUSH—Chapter 2-4 and

Chart page 37

Important Years for the Colonies

• 1492—• 1588—• 1607—• 1620—• 1754—• 1763--

English Monarchs During English American Colonialism

• Elizabeth I (Tudor)• James I (Stuart)• Charles I (Stuart)—executed • Interregnum—Oliver Cromwell (Puritan)• Charles II—Restoration• James II—deposed in “Glorious Revolution”• William and Mary of Orange• Anne I• George I (Hanover)• George II• George III

Terms

 

1. Magna Carta2. Renaissance 3. Columbian Exchange4. Plantations5. Roanoke6. indentured servant7. Mayflower Compact

8. Mercantilism9. balance of trade10.Triangular Trade Route11.Middle Passage12.Immigrants13.Great Awakening

European Claims before 1776

Early American Colonies

I. Spanish Colonies—in Latin America and southwestern North America, Florida

A. came to convert Indians to Christianity and find gold

B. influences include language, architecture, foods, religion, mission churches, ranching

C. did not bring families—married native women for new culture

The Columbian Exchange

From Americas to Europe• Sent tomatoes, potatoes,

chocolate, corn, beans, vanilla, pineapples

• Gold, silver• Tobacco• Disease: syphilis

From Europe to Americas• Sent wheat, sugar, rice,

coffee• Horses, cows, pigs• Diseases: smallpox,

measles, bubonic plague, influenza, typhus, diphtheria, scarlet fever

• Slaves from Africa

II. French Colonies—in Canada and along rivers and Great Lakes

A. came to convert Indians and acquire animal furs for trade 

B.   influences include forts, language, religion, etc.

C.   most did not bring families

III. Other Colonies

A.  Dutch—New Netherland (later New York)

B.  Swedish—Delaware (defeated by Dutch and absorbed into New Netherland)

IV. Early English Colonies—brought families for business (mercantilism) and religious freedom

A. Roanoke—failed Virginia Colony

B. Jamestown—first permanent colony (1607)

C. Plymouth, Massachusetts (1620)—founded by Pilgrims (Separatists)—came by The Mayflower

D.  Puritans went to Massachusetts --strict and superstitious (witch trials)—also started public schools

E. Rhode Island—religious freedom 

F. Pennsylvania—Penn’s Holy Experiment for Quakers

G. Connecticut—first constitution

H. Georgia was a buffer from Spain—colony for debtors

I. South Carolina—numerous slaves (more than voting white men)

J.    Maryland—place for Catholics

V. Thirteen English Colonies

A. New England:  Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire—known for small farms, ship-building, trade

Note:

The land that became the state of Maine was claimed by the colony and later state of Massachusetts until 1820, when it became a separate state.

B.  Middle:  New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware—known for trade and farming (called “The Bread Basket”)

C.  Southern Colonies—Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia—known for large farms of tobacco, rice

Note:

The colony of Virginia was larger then than the state it is now. In 1861, the state of Virginia split into two states, one a Confederate state and the other a Union state called West Virginia.

Map Directions—p. 32 Atlas

• Label the Thirteen English Colonies• Color the New England Colonies blue• Color the Middle Colonies yellow• Color the Southern Colonies red• Make a key indicating the three sections and

colors• Label the Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and

Chesapeake Bay• Label the Appalachian Mountains

Match the New England Colonies

• Massachusetts• Connecticut• Rhode Island• New Hampshire

• Separation of church and state (religious freedom)

• Plymouth, Boston, Salem were towns

• Held witchcraft trials• Started public education• Had the first constitution• Had the First Thanksgiving• Had Puritans and

Separatist Pilgrims• Came on the Mayflower

Match the Middle Colonies

• Pennsylvania• New Jersey• Delaware• New York

• Founded by Quakers• Founded by William Penn• Used to be Dutch • City of Brotherly Love

(Philadelphia)• Colony of New Netherland,

City of New Amsterdam• Bought as gift for Duke of

York• No slavery, no fighting and

religious freedom• Was a Swedish colony• Had Dutch “patroon” system

of farming

Match the Southern Colonies

• Virginia• Maryland• North Carolina• South Carolina• Georgia

• Buffer to Spanish Florida• More slaves than free

whites• 2 colonies named for

King Charles• Named for Queen

Elizabeth • Named for Queen Mary• Catholic Colony• Place for debtors• Caribbean Culture• Chesapeake Colonies--2

Review—Match the sections

• New England• Middle• Southern

• Dutch colony• Slavery• First Thanksgiving• Plantations• Shipbuilding• Pilgrims• “breadbasket”• Puritans• Mayflower Compact• Small farms• Promoted a “Protestant Work

Ethic”—work hard and you will go to heaven

APUSH

• Types of colonies: royal, proprietary, and self-governing

• Joint Stock Companies—corporate colony such as Jamestown (Called The Virginia Company)

Prominent Religions of the Colonies

• Anglican/Church of England—High church • or Puritan (influenced by Calvinism)

• Congregational (Separatist influenced by Calvinism)

• Quakers, Catholics, Presbyterians

Prominent Colonials

• John Winthrop• Jonathon Edwards• George Whitefield• Cotton Mather• John Peter Zenger• Benjamin Franklin• Phyllis Wheatley• Anne Bradstreet

Benjamin Franklin• Discovered identity of lightning and electricity• First American wit to be exported• Invented commercial advertising• First major cartoonist• Inventor of double spectacles• Author of Abbreviated English Prayer Book• First reformer of English spelling• First explained Aurora Borealis• Father of modern dentistry• Organized first fire department• Founder of the Democratic Party• Established modern post office system• Invented Franklin stove• Invented the white duck clothing for tropics• First used illustrations in advertising• Pioneered voting system for Congress• Introduced yellow willow and broom corn into America• First to understand the nature of a cold• Originated first system of ventilation• Inventor of Plaster of Paris for fertilizing

Early Efforts at Unity

• New England Confederation—temporary self-imposed union of some colonies with limited authority

• Dominion of New England—short-lived effort by King James II to control colonies in an administrative unit

Cultural Expression

• Georgian Architecture• Inoculations against small pox• Harvard, Yale, William and Mary• Mobile social classes• Distinctive classes in the south– Aristocracy– Small farmers– Indentured servants– slaves

APUSH--Define:1. Columbian Exchange2. Mercantilism3. Iroquois Confederation4. Joint-Stock Company5. Indentured Servant6. Roanoke7. Jamestown8. “Starving Time”9. “Headright” system10. Plantation economy11. tidewater12. Backcountry13. Bacon’s Rebellion14. Triangular Trade Route15. Middle Passage16. Stono Rebellion17. Mayflower Compact18. Pilgrim Separatists19. John Winthrop20. Puritans

21. King Philip’s War—Pequot War22. Harvard and Yale23. “City Upon the Hill”24. Roger Williams 25. Anne Hutchinson and antinomianism26. Half-Way Covenant27. First Great Awakening28. Chesapeake Colonies29. Quakers30. Mercantilism31. Navigation Acts32. Republicanism33.. Anne Bradstreet34. Phyllis Wheatley35. Maryland Toleration Act36. House of Burgesses37. Salem Trials38. Thomas Hooker39. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut40. James Oglethorpe