A Brave New WorldEnglish Colonization in North America

Focus Question:Is the United States the land of opportunity?

Entering the Game LateBy the time England was ready:

Spain had claimed much of South and Central America

France claimed the rich fur lands of Canada and the Mississippi Valley

English stuck withthe Atlantic seaboard

English AdvantagesExcess Population

Enclosure MovementReligious Dissent

GeopoliticsGrowth of Joint-Stock Companies

Enclosure Movement

Failed Early AttemptsTrial and Error MethodPatterns established

SettlementBreakdown of order

and purposeDisease and hungerTrouble with Native Americans

Lacked Successful Model

The ChesapeakeSettled along the James River

Defensive PosturePlanned by Virginia

Company of LondonRequired a commodity

Very nearly failed

Achieves SuccessDeveloped New Model for Colonization

Send large numbers of family groupsEncourage small, privately owned farmsMaintain military disciplineLocate goods suitable for trade

Pilgrims ProgressThe Settlement of New England

Role of the Protestant ReformationDifferent groups protested different

teachings and practicesLutheransCalvinistsAnglicans

Development of Puritans in EnglandWished to “purify” Catholic elements from the

Anglican ChurchAdopted many Calvinist ideas, especially

predestination

PilgrimsSeparatists

“Church of England too corrupt for salvation”Set sail for Virginia

Mayflower CompactSelf-Government with Town MeetingOnly Church members voted

Absorbed by Massachusetts Bay

Rise of the PuritansCentered in East AngliaGreat Migration to the Americans 1629-1640

Some 80,000 Puritans fled England for the colonies

20,000 settled in New EnglandPuritans desired to set up a “Bible

Commonwealth”“A City Upon a Hill”Massachusetts as the model for the world

Puritans in New EnglandMixed Church and State

Only Puritan men could voteAll citizens supported the ChurchState had jurisdiction over ministry

Established the “Protestant Work Ethic”Serious commitment to workEnjoyed simple, human pleasures

Promoted Education“Old Deluder Satan” law

ChallengesReligious Dissent

Anne Hutchinson and Antinominism The saved did not need to obey the laws of God or man Banished and died in an Indian attack in New York

Roger Williams Pushed for a clean break with the Church of England Challenged the ties between church and state in the colony Exiled and fled to Rhode Island

  Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Puritans spread into the Connecticut Valley in 1636. Governed under the Fundamental Orders A democratic system with rule by the wealthy

Challenges (II)“Great Migration” fell off in the 1640s

English Civil War brought Puritan leadershipRigid beliefs led to questions

Less people sought conversionHalf-Way Covenant