colonization: a permanent habitat for the colonization of mars

COLONIZATION

A PERMANENT HABITAT FOR THE

COLONIZATION OF MARS A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master in Engineering Science (Research) in

Mechanical Engineering

B Y

M A T T H E W H E N D E R

T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F A D E L A I D E

S C H O O L O F M E C H A N I C A L E N G I N E E R I N G

S U P E R V I S O R S – D R . G E R A L D S C H N E I D E R &

C O L I N H A N S E N

A u g u s t 2 0 0 9

APPENDIX A – MAPS OF MARS

This section includes labelled maps of Mars including names of locations and features. The figure below is a diagram indicating the global

location of each of the following maps. The maps have been created from Viking Orbiter photographs and coloured based on altitude

measured from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimiter (MOLA) instrument, blue the being lowest altitudes and white being the highest.

180°E (180°W)

190°E (170°W)

200°E (160°W)

210°E (150°W

)

220°E (1

40°W)

230°

E (130

°W)

240°

E (

120°

W)

250°

E (

110°

W)

26

0°E

(1

00

°W)

270°E (90°W)

28

0°E

(80

°W)

290°E (70°W

)

300°E (60°W

)

310°E (50°W)

320°E (40°W)

330°E (30°W)

340°E (20°W)

350°E (10°W)0°E (0°W)

10°E (350°W)

20°E (340°W)

30°E (330°W

)

40°E (3

20°W)

50°E

(310

°W)

60°E

(30

0°W

)

70°E

(29

0°W

)

80

°E (

28

0°W

)

90°E (270°W)

10

0°E

(26

0°W

)

110°E (250°W

)

120°E (240°W

)

130°E (230°W)

140°E (220°W)

150°E (210°W)

160°E (200°W)

170°E (190°W)

65°

70°

75°

80°

85°

85°

80°

75°

70°

65°

BO

R

E

A

L

I

SV

A

S

T

IT

AS

SC

AN

DI

A

CO

LL

ES

Korolev

O

LY

MP

IA

U N D AE

*

BO

R

E

A

L

I

SV

A

S

T

IT

AS

P L A N U M

B O R E U M

AbalosUndae

Hyperboreae

Undae

Hyperbore

us

Labyrinthus

Ru

pe

s

Tenu

is

Hyperborei

Cavi

Sevel

Inuvik

Lomonosov

Escorial

C

HASMA

BOREALE

Hyperboreae Undae

Tantalus Fossae

Alba Fossae

Abalos Colles*

S c a n d i a T h o l i *

Scandia Cavi*

Scandia Cavi*

Pa

nc

ha

i aR

up

es

*

010

00

3000

-100

0

-300

0

-500

0

-700

0

-900

0

5000

7000

9000

1100

0

1300

0

1500

0

1700

0

1900

0

2100

0

-8200 Minimum 21229 MaximumElevations above 9000 meters

found only on the larger volcanos.

Elevation in meters

S C A N D I A

C O L L E S

Milankovicv

L Y C U S S U L C I

Diacria

Patera

Cy

an

e

Fo

ss

ae

Cy

an

eFo

ss

ae

AC

HE

RO

N

FO

SS

AE A

CH

ER

ON

FO

SS

AE

E

R

E

B

U

S

M

O

N

T

E

S

A R C A D I A

P L A N I T I A

A M A Z O N I S

P L A N I T I AA

rc

ad

ia

Do

rs

a*

010

00

3000

-100

0

-300

0

-500

0

-700

0

-900

0

5000

7000

9000

1100

0

1300

0

1500

0

1700

0

1900

0

2100

0



Elevation in meters

180°E(180°W) 185°E(175°W) 190°E(170°W) 195°E(165°W) 200°E(160°W)

205°E(155°W)

210°E(150°W)

215°E(145°W)

220°E(140°W)

225°E

(135°W)

230°E

(130°W)

235°E

(125°W)

240°E

(120°W)65°

60°

55°

50°

45°

40°

35°

30°

65°

60°

55°

50°

45°

40°

35°

30°180°E (180°W)

185°E (175°W)

190°E (170 W)

195°E (165°W)200°E (160°W)

205°E (155°W) 210°E (150°W) 215°E (145°W)220°E (140°W)

225°E (135°W)

230°E (130°W)

235°E (125°W)

240°E (120°W)

Ru

bico

n

Va

l les

Ravius Val les

AL

BA

F

O

SS

AE

AL

BA

PA

TE

RA

Cer

auni

usC

aten

a

Alb

aC

aten

a

Cya

ne

Fo

ss

ae

Cya

ne

Ca

ten

a

CE

RA

UN

IU

S

FO

SS

AE

TA

NT

AL

US

FO

SS

AE

Lowbury

Cangwu

Reykholt

Woolgar

KisamboGandzani

Charlieu

Jampur

Ellsley

Nipigon

Barabashov

Timoshenko

Perepelkin

GonnusMons

Labeatis

Mons

PindusMons Catena

Baphyras

MA

RE

OT

I S F

OS

SA

E

T

E

M

P

E

F

O

S

S

A

E

A S C U R I S

P L A N U M

T E M P E

T E R R A

A

r tyn

ia

Ca

ten

a

P

hleg

etho

n

Cate

na

A

cher

on

Cat

ena Ta

naica

Mon

tes

T

an

ais

Fo

ssa

e

En

ipeu

s

V

a llis

Tr

act

us

Cate

na

Chatturat

Tan

t al u

s

F

l uc t u

s

Labeatis

Fossae

N

iloke

ra

s Scopulus

Handlová.

MA

RE

OT

I S F

OS

SA

E

Ayacucho.

Issedon P

ateraeIssedon Tholus

.

Tem

pe Colle

s

E. Mareotis

Tholus.

. N. Mareotis

Tholus

. W. Mareotis

Tholus

Atrax

Dorsum

010

00

3000

-100

0

-300

0

-500

0

-700

0

-900

0

5000

7000

9000

1100

0

1300

0

1500

0

1700

0

1900

0

2100

0



Elevation in meters

240°E(120°W) 245°E(115°W) 250°E(110°W) 255°E(105°W) 260°E(100°W)

265°E(95°W)

270°E(90°W)

275°E(85°W)

280°E(80°W)

285°E(75°W)

290°E

(70°W)

295°E

(65°W)

300°E

(60°W)65°

60°

55°

50°

45°

40°

35°

30°

65°

60°

55°

50°

45°

40°

35°

30°240°E (120°W)

245°E (115°W)

250°E (110°W)

255°E (105°W)260°E (100°W)

265°E (95°W) 270°E (90°W) 275°E (85°W)280°E (80°W)

285°E (75°W)

290°E (70°W)

295°E (65°W)

300°E (60°W)

300°E(60°W) 305°E(55°W) 310°E(50°W) 315°E(45°W) 320°E(40°W)

325°E(35°W)

330°E(30°W)

335°E(25°W)

340°E(20°W)

345°E(15°W)

350°E

(10°W)

355°E

(5°W)

360°E

(0°W)65°

60°

55°

50°

45°

40°

35°

30°

65°

60°

55°

50°

45°

40°

35°

30°300°E (60°W)

305°E (55°W)

310°E (50°W)

315°E (45°W)320°E (40°W)

325°E (35°W) 330°E (30°W) 335°E (25°W)340°E (20°W)

345°E (15°W)

350°E (10°W)

355°E (5°W)

360°E (0°W)

Kunowsky

Lomonosov

Sytinskaya

Lagarto

Eagle

MohawkYakima

Bamburg

Sklodowska

Dein

Freedom

Apt

Lota

Elath

Arandas

Bonestell

A R A B I A

T E R R A

T E MP E

T E R R A

Nilokeras

Scopulus

N i l o k e r a s

M e n s a e

A c i da l i

a

Me n s a e

Ac i d

a l ia

Co l l

e s

Mareotis Fossae

Tempe Fossae

Tempe Fossae

Garm

Gol

Can

Cray

Faith

Jen

Tem'

Eil.

Vils

C

yd

on

ia

Me

ns

ae

Chom . .

...

CruzGwash

Lutsk

Gaan

Esk.

. Wer

Hope

LandLaf

C H R Y S E P L A N I T I A

A C I D A L I A

P L A N I T I A

Cydonia

Colle

s* C

ydonia

L

abyr

inth

us*

Ortygia Colles*

Xa

nt h

e

D

or

sa

*

..

010

00

3000

-100

0

-300

0

-500

0

-700

0

-900

0

5000

7000

9000

1100

0

1300

0

1500

0

1700

0

1900

0

2100

0



Elevation in meters

0°E(360°W) 5°E(355°W) 10°E(350°W) 15°E(345°W) 20°E(340°W)

25°E(335°W)

30°E(330°W)

35°E(325°W)

40°E(320°W)

45°E(315°W)

50°E

(310°W)

55°E

(305°W)

60°E

(300°W)65°

60°

55°

50°

45°

40°

35°

30°

65°

60°

55°

50°

45°

40°

35°

30°0°E (360°W)

5°E (355°W)

10°E (350°W)

15 E (345°W)20°E (340°W)

25°E (335°W) 30°E (330°W) 35°E (325°W)40°E (320°W)

45°E (315°W)

50°E (310°W)

55°E (305°W)

60°E (300°W)

D e u t e r o n i l u s M e n s a e

Deuteronilus

Colles

MA

ME

RS

V

AL

LE

S

Focas

C e r u l l i

Semeykin

L y o t

M o r e u x

R u d a u x

Q u e n i s s e t

P r o t o n i l u s M e n s a e

Coloe Fossae

I s m e n i a e

F o s s a e

A C I D A L I A

P L A N I T I A

Colles

Nil i

An

io

Va

lles

C

lasi

a

Vallis

Hypsa

sVal

lisClanisValles

A R A B I A T E R R A

T E R R A

S A B A E A

010

00

3000

-100

0

-300

0

-500

0

-700

0

-900

0

5000

7000

9000

1100

0

1300

0

1500

0

1700

0

1900

0

2100

0



Elevation in meters

60°E(300°W) 65°E(295°W) 70°E(290°W) 75°E(285°W) 80°E(280°W)

85°E(275°W)

90°E(270°W)

95°E(265°W)

100°E(260°W)

105°E

(255°W)

110 E

(250°W)

115°E

(245°W)

120°E

(240°W)65°

60°

55°

50°

45°

40°

35°

30°

65°

60°

55°

50°

45°

40°

35°

30°60°E (300°W)

65°E (295°W)

70°E (290°W)

75°E (285°W)80°E (280°W)

85°E (275°W) 90°E (270°W) 95°E (265°W)100°E (260°W)

105°E (255°W)

110 E (250°W)

115°E (245°W)

120°E (240°W)

U T O P I A

P L A N I T I AVivero

Pyram

us

Fossae

Renaudot

C o l l e s N i l i

NI

LO

SY

RT

IS

M

EN

SA

E

Auqakuh

Val l is

AS

TA

PU

S C

OL

LE

S

Nier

ColoeFossae

Huo

Hsin

g V

al l is

AD

AM

AS

LA

BY

RI N

TH

US

T E R R A

S A B A E A

Ut o

pi a

Ru

pe

s *

Cy

dn

usRu

pe

s*

H e p h a e s t u sR u p e s *

010

00

3000

-100

0

-300

0

-500

0

-700

0

-900

0

5000

7000

9000

1100

0

1300

0

1500

0

1700

0

1900

0

2100

0



Elevation in meters

120°E(240°W) 125°E(235°W) 130°E(230°W) 135°E(225°W) 140°E(220°W)

145°E(215°W)

150°E(210°W)

155°E(205°W)

160°E(200°W)

165°E

(195°W)

170°E

(190°W)

175°E

(185°W)

180°E

(180°W)65°

60°

55°

50°

45°

40°

35°

30°

65°

60°

55°

50°

45°

40°

35°

30°120°E (240°W)

125°E (235°W)

130°E (230°W)

135°E (225°W)140°E (220°W)

145 E (215° W) 150°E (210°W) 155°E (205°W)160°E (200°W)

165°E (195°W)

170°E (190°W)

175°E (185°W)

180°E (180°W)

Stokes

Bulhar

Umatac

Loja

Adams

Tyndall

Kumara

Chincoteague

Kufra

M i e

Galaxias

Fossae

Ga l a x i a s F o s s a e

GalaxiasMons

Trebia

Valles

H e c a t e s

T h o l u s

BuvindaV

allis

Granicus V

alles

Granicus

Valles

AR

CA

DI A

P L A NI T I A

Ph

le

gr

a

M

on

te

s

A

es

ac

us

D

or s u m

Styx

Dor

sum

Galaxias Chaos

G a l a x i a s F l u c t u s_

Ga l a

x i as

Co l l

e s

Krasnoye

Fenagh

Irharen

Ocampo

H r a d Va

l lis

H r a d Va

l l i s

Ap

sus V

allis

Ti n

j ar

Va

ll

es

Mendota

Leleque

CorbyRaub

Bhor

Nain

OrindaRynok

Naju

Achar

Keul'

Ston

Tsau

Rimac

Hit-

+

Viking 2 Landing Site

. Goldstone

.Volgograd

.Kaliningrad . Madrid

.Houston

. Tsukuba

. Kagoshima

. Canaveral

.Evpatoriya

.Hamaguir

.Woomera

.Johannesburg . Jodrell

. Canberra

.Baykonyr

... Wallops

Kourou

Hsuanch'eng-

Pa

nc

ha

i a

Ru

pe

s*

Ph

le

gr

a

D

or

sa

*

Ph

le

gr

a

D

or

sa

*

C y d n u s

R u p e s *

.

.

.

P

hl

eg

ra

Mo

nt

es

010

00

3000

-100

0

-300

0

-500

0

-700

0

-900

0

5000

7000

9000

1100

0

1300

0

1500

0

1700

0

1900

0

2100

0



Elevation in meters

180°E (180°W)

25°

30°

20°

15°

10°

5°

0°

185°E (175°W) 190°E (170°W) 195°E (165°W) 200°E (160°W) 205°E (155°W) 210°E (150°W) 215°E (145°W) 220°E (140°W) 225°E (135°W)

180°E (180°W) 185°E (175°W) 190°E (170°W) 195°E (165°W) 200°E (160°W) 205°E (155°W) 210°E (150°W) 215°E (145°W) 220°E (140°W) 225°E (135°W)

30°

25°

20°

15°

10°

5°

0°

Pettit

Nicholson

Ma

rt

e

V

al l

i s

Go

r di i D

or s u

m

Eu

me

ni d

es D

or s u

m

Oly

mp

us

Ru

pe

s

OLYMPUS

MONS

LYCUS

S

ULCI

LYCUS SULCI

A M A Z O N I S

P L A N I T I A

T a r t a r u s

C o l l e s *

010

00

3000

-100

0

-300

0

-500

0

-700

0

-900

0

5000

7000

9000

1100

0

1300

0

1500

0

1700

0

1900

0

2100

0



Elevation in meters

225°E (135°W)

25°

30°

20°

15°

10°

5°

0°


30°

25°

20°

15°

10°

5°

0°225°E (135°W) 230°E (130°W) 235°E (125°W) 240°E (120°W) 245°E (115°W) 250°E (110°W) 255°E (105°W) 260°E (100°W) 265°E (95°W) 270°E (90°W)

Lycus

Sulci

Pav

onis

S

ulci

Cyane Sulci

Olympus

Olympus

Rupes

Rup

es

Sulci

Gordii

Sulci

Gordii

Gigas

Sulci

OLYMPUSMONS

Biblis Patera

UlyssesPatera

UraniusTholus

UraniusPatera

CerauniusTholus

TharsisTholus

PavonisFossae

Pavonis

Chasma

PAVONIS MONS

ASCRAEUS MONS

THARSI

S

MO

NTE

S

Ascra

eus

AscraeusMensa

Poynting

Olympica

Cya

ne

Fossae

Fo

ssae

Jovi

s

F

oss

ae

JovisTholus

Tra

ctu

s

Tra

ctu

s

Fo

ssa

e

Labeatis Fossae

LabeatisLabeatis

Catenae

Ura

niu

s

Fo

ssa

e

Fossae

For

tuna

F

ossa

e

Ca

ten

a

Rhabon VallesParos

Chasm

ata

H

alex

F

oss

ae

Cya

ne

Fossae

Cer

auni

us

Fos

sae

Ceraunius

Fossae

Rahe

Asc

raeu

s S

ul

ci

Gig

as

Fossae

Gordii Fossae

Gordii Fossae

Gor

dii F

ossa

e

Uly

sse

s

Fo

ssa

e

.

010

00

3000

-100

0

-300

0

-500

0

-700

0

-900

0

5000

7000

9000

1100

0

1300

0

1500

0

1700

0

1900

0

2100

0



Elevation in meters

270°E (90°W)

25°

30°

20°

15°

10°

5°

0°



30°

25°

20°

15°

10°

5°

0°

Labeat is

Fossae

Labea

tis

Men

sa

Nilus

Chaos

Sa c r a

Su l c

i

Nilus

Dorsa

Aveiro

Sulak

Fesenkov

Val lesSacra S

ulci

Tempe

Mensa

Sacra Fossae

SACRA MENSA

Lunae Mensa

Sharonov

Ottumwa

Broach

Rauch

Waspam

Canso

Changsong

<

Kasei

Blois Sucre

Jijiga

Rongxar

Wassamu

Worcester

Guaymas

Poona

TroyVol'sk

Nema

Northport

Chinook

Sögel

Cairns

CloghPeixe

Dromore

Santa Fe

C H R Y S E

P L A N I T I A

Darvel

Balvicar

Montevallo

Tibrikot

Medrissa

Banh

Dixie

Herculaneum

Pompeii

Cantoura

Nilokera

s Fossae

Xa

nt h

e

Do

r sa

Valverde

Iste

r C

haos

Mandora

Vistula

Valles

Na

ne

di

Va

ll

es

X A N T H E

T E R R A

M u t c h

Stege

Chia

Ma

j a

V

al l

es

L U N A E

P L A N U MS

AC

RA

DO

RS

A

Ec

hu

s

Mo

nt e

s

Ju

ve

nt

ae

Do

rs

a

Ec

hu

s

Ch

as

ma

TharisTholus

Uraniu

sFoss

ae

Ura

nius

D

orsu

m

Nilus Mensae Ka s e i

Va l les

Lobo Val

lis

Sacra Fossae

. . .

..

Chauk.

.Olom.

Leuk..

Argas...

Dersu.

.Voza

Dush.

Bole.Bira .Sabo.

Bremerhaven.

Yorktown

Viking 1 landing site

Amsterdam..

.Colon

_

Okhotsk.Charleston

San Juan

...

..Cadiz_

Bordeaux

AlbanyFunchal

..Portsmouth

Newport

Annapolis.

.LexingtonNew Haven

.

..

. .. .

.PrincetonNew Bern

SavannahPhiladelphia

Kingston BristolBridgetown

....

Wilmington

Santa CruzLisboa

Port-Au-Prince. La Paz

Sian

Aktaj

.

..

...

Xa

nt h

e D

or s

a

..

.

..

... Arta Jama Clova

SpurMirtos

Koy

...

.. .

Bada

WeerPicaOlenek

CalamarGlendore

Iamuna

Dorsa

Xanthe

Scopulus

Maumee

Val l e

s

M

aja

V

al les

Vedra Valles

.

.

..

. ..

.

Nif

Bise

. Chive

Bahram

V

al l is

Sa

cr a

Fo

ss

ae

Quick

Ec

hu

s

Ch

ao

s

M

aj a

V

al l

es

Subur

Vallis

S abr ina Val l i s

Hy panis Valles

Och

us V

alle

s

Tyra

s Va

llis

D

rilo

n

Vallis

Orson Welles*

E

ch

us

Fo

ss

ae

Rong.

Nilokeras Mensae

Rhabon

Valles

SA

CR

A

DO

RS

A

+

010

00

3000

-100

0

-300

0

-500

0

-700

0

-900

0

5000

7000

9000

1100

0

1300

0

1500

0

1700

0

1900

0

2100

0



Elevation in meters

315°E (45°W)

30°

25°

20°

15°

10°

5°

0°


30°

25°

20°

15°

10°

5°

0°315°E (45°W) 320°E (40°W) 325°E (35°W) 330°E (30°W) 335°E (25°W) 340°E (20°W) 345°E (15°W) 350°E (10°W) 355°E (5°W) 360°E (0°W)

C H R Y S E

P L A N I T I A

Guaymas

Naar Tarsus

Calahorra Swanage

Lydda

Púnsk

Belz

Taxco Warra

Yala

Da Vinci

Crommelin

Trouvelot

Marth

Wahoo

Kipini

Wabash

YutyShawnee

Hamelin

Libertad

Zuni

NutakOraibi

Pylos Ribe

Soochow

Ox

i a

C

ol l e

s

Hydraote Chaos

Concord

Masursky

X A N T H E

T E R R A

A R A B I A

T E R R A

Rutherford

Becquerel

Radau

C u r i e

McLaughlinBatos

Yar

Cave

Mut

Xa

nt h

e

Do

rs

a*

KinGold

Bok

LodNaukan

Bled.

Yoro

M a w r t h Va

l l i s

Tile

Yat

Chur.

.

. Lins Kok.

Surt

Trud .

.Ore

+PathfinderLanding Site

Ar e s Va

l l i s

Nune.

Suf-

Luck

Zir

Sh

alb

ata

na

Va

llis

Si m

ud

Va

ll is

T

i u Va

l l i s

T

i u

V

all

i s

Sagan

A r e s Va

l l i s

Barsukov

Galilaei

Hydaspis ChaosAram

Chaos

Banff

Bor

Kaup

Ravi Vallis

.

.

.

Sh

alb

a tana

Va l l i

s

M A R G A R I T I F E R

T E R R A

Ti u

Va

l li s

T

i u

Va

l li s

Vaux

Xa

nt h

e

Do

rs

a*

.

M E R I D I A N I

P L A N U M *

010

00

3000

-100

0

-300

0

-500

0

-700

0

-900

0

5000

7000

9000

1100

0

1300

0

1500

0

1700

0

1900

0

2100

0



Elevation in meters

0°E (360°W)

30°

25°

20°

15°

10°

5°

0°


30°

25°

20°

15°

10°

5°

0°5°E (355°W) 10°E (350°W) 15°E (345°W) 20°E (340°W) 25°E (335°W) 30°E (330°W) 35°E (325°W) 40°E (320°W) 45°E (315°W)0°E (360°W)

Maggini

A R A B I A T E R R A

C a s s i n i

T i k h o n r a v o v

Luzin

Pasteur

Gill

Henry

Schiaparelli

Arago

Janssen

Teisserencde Bort

Naktong

Va

llis

Scam

an

der V

allis

Indus Vallis

T E R R A S A B A E A

M E R I D I A N I

P L A N U M *

010

00

3000

-100

0

-300

0

-500

0

-700

0

-900

0

5000

7000

9000

1100

0

1300

0

1500

0

1700

0

1900

0

2100

0



Elevation in meters

45°E (315°W)

30°

25°

20°

15°

10°

5°

0°


30°

25°

20°

15°

10°

5°

0°50°E (310°W) 55°E (305°W) 60°E (300°W) 65°E (295°W) 70°E (290°W) 75°E (285°W) 80°E (280°W) 85°E (275°W) 90°E (270°W)45°E (315°W)

Flammarion

Teisserencde Bort

S c h ö n e r

Baldet

Peridier

A n t o n i a d i

Phison R

upes

NIL

I

FOS

SA

E

LocrasValles

Huo H

sing

Vallis

ARENA

COLLES

S Y R T I S M A J O R

P L A N U M

I S I D I S

P L A N I T I A

Schroeter

Auqa

kuh Vallis

Cu

sus V

alle

s

A

rnus

Val

lis

Arena Do

rsum

Nili Patera

MeroePatera

LI BYA MONTES

T E R R A

S A B A E A

I s i d i s D o r s a *

I s i di s D

or s a

*

010

00

3000

-100

0

-300

0

-500

0

-700

0

-900

0

5000

7000

9000

1100

0

1300

0

1500

0

1700

0

1900

0

2100

0



Elevation in meters

90°E (270°W)

30°

25°

20°

15°

10°

5°

0°

100°E (260°W) 105°E (255°W) 110°E (250°W) 115°E (245°W) 120°E (240°W) 125°E (235°W) 130°E (230°W) 135°E (225°W)

30°

25°

20°

15°

10°

5°

0°95°E (265°W) 100°E (260°W) 105°E (255°W) 110°E (250°W) 115°E (245°W) 120°E (240°W) 125°E (235°W) 130°E (230°W) 135°E (225°W)

95°E (265°W)

90°E (270°W)

Escalante

AM

EN

TH

ES

F

OS

SA

E

T Y R R H E N A T E R R A

DuMartheray

G r a n i c u s Va l l e s

Hyblaeus

Fossae

Hebrus Valles

Linpu

MarbachBasin

Viana

Porth

Troika

Cost

Kaw

NE

PE

NT

HE

S

ME

NS

AE

I S I D I S

P L A N I T I A

Angu.

Bak.

Chafe

.

Floq.

Ins

Kasra

Palana

Khanpur.

Lapri

Mago.

Neive

Never

Ome.

Onon

Phon

Platte

.

Souris.

Tokma

Tomari.

HE

P HA

ES

T US

FO

SS

AE

Utan

Gastre

Bluff

Urk

Brush

TelzIkej

Doon.

Tokko.

Thermia

Yebra

Dank Yalata

Ulu

Goff

Naic

BachtSevi

BeltraTolon

Ajon

Qiba_.

Tuapi

Tepko

Tumul

Tejn

LittletonGulch

TarmaKular

Turma

Camargo

Kachug

Meget

Bland.

Moss

AbanSinda

Xui

Pina

Imgr

Torbay

Korph

AM

EN

TH

ES

F

OS

SA

E

L I B Y A M

ON

TE

S

Am

en t h e

s R u p e s

T E R R A

C I M M E R I A

E L Y S I U M P L A N I T I A

U T O P I A P L A N I T I A

He

ph

ae

st u

s

Ru

pe

s*

Hy b

l ae u

s

Do

r s a*



Ut o

pi a

Ru

pe

s*

.

.

.

010

00

3000

-100

0

-300

0

-500

0

-700

0

-900

0

5000

7000

9000

1100

0

1300

0

1500

0

1700

0

1900

0

2100

0



Elevation in meters

E LY S I U M

F O S S A E

ElysiumCatena

PhlegraMontes

Lockyer

Eddie

Elysium

Fossae

E LY S I U MF O S S A E

Ze

phy

rus

F

ossa

e

Elysium R

upes

ELYSIUMMONS

Stygis Fossae

Galaxias Fluctus–

Ituxi

Valli

s

Sty

gis

Cat

ena

Pa tapsco Vallis

Elysium

Fossae IberusVallis

AlborTholus

Albor

Fossae

ElysiumFossae

Stura

Vallis

Elysium

ChasmaHyb

la

eus

ChasmaHyblaeus

Catena

Hyb

la

e us

Fos

sa

e

Hyblaeus Fossae

Valles

Granicus

C E R B E R U SF O S S A E

TA

RT

AR

US M

ON

TE

ST A R T A R U S

C O L L E S *

Orcus

Patera

Hibes M

ontes

Ma r t e

V a l l is

E L Y S I U M P L A N I T I A

T AR T A R U

S MO

NT

ES

*

Pl

eg

ra

Do

rs

a*

Pl

eg

ra

Do

rs

a*

Ze

phyrus Fossae

135°E (225°W)

30°

25°

20°

15°

10°

5°

0°

145°E (215°W) 150°E (210°W) 155°E (205°W) 160°E (200°W) 165°E (195°W) 170°E (190°W) 175°E (185°W) 180°E (180°W)

30°

25°

20°

15°

10°

5°

0°140°E (220°W) 145°E (215°W) 150°E (210°W) 155°E (205°W) 160°E (200°W) 165°E (195°W) 170°E (190°W) 175°E (185°W) 180°E (180°W)

140°E (220°W)

135°E (225°W)

010

00

3000

-100

0

-300

0

-500

0

-700

0

-900

0

5000

7000

9000

1100

0

1300

0

1500

0

1700

0

1900

0

2100

0



Elevation in meters

ME

DU

SA

EFO

SS

AE

Me

mn

on

i a

Su

l ci

Med

usae

Sul

ci

Nicholson

Sa

bis

Va

l lis

Mi n

io V

a llis

Labou

Vallis

Ab

us

Va

llis

Burton

Bernard

Comas Sola

Williams

Ejriksson

Dejnev

Columbus

Cobres

Marca

M a n g a l a F o s s a

M E M N O N I A

F OS S A E

S I R E N U M F O

S S A E

K o v a l ' s k y

Amazonis Sulci

T E R R A

S I R E N U M

D A E D A L I A

P L A N U M

L U C U S

P L A N U M

Pa

du

s V

alli

s

Aso

pu

s V

all i

s

Tin

ia

Va

lles

Tau

s V

alli

s

D

ubi

s V

allis

He

rmu

s V

alli

s

Senus V

allis

Isa

ra V

alle

sM

un

da

Va

llis

Deva

Va

llis

Va

rus V

alle

s

Term

es

Va

llis

Ne

stu

s V

alle

s

Nic

er

Va

llis

Arim

an

es R

up

es

M

an

ga

la

Va

l le

s

Ma

ng

ala

Va

ll e

s

180°E (180°W)

-5°

0°

185°E (175°W)

-10°

-15°

-20°

-25°

-30°

190°E (170°W) 195°E (165°W) 200°E (160°W) 205°E (155°W) 210°E (150°W) 215°E (145°W) 220°E (140°W) 225°E (135°W)0°

-5°

-10°

-15°

-20°

-25°

-30°


010

00

3000

-100

0

-300

0

-500

0

-700

0

-900

0

5000

7000

9000

1100

0

1300

0

1500

0

1700

0

1900

0

2100

0



Elevation in meters

Ars

iaS

u l ci

Ag

an

ipp

e F

ossa

Arsia

Cha

smat

aO

ti

Fos

sae

ARSIAMONS

TH

AR

SI

S

MO

NT

ES

PAVONIS MONS

NO

CT

I S

F

OS

SA

E

N O C T I SL A B Y R I N T

HU

S

S Y R I A

P L A N U M

D A E D A L I A

P L A N U M

S I N A I

P L A N U M

VALLES

MARINERIS

Oudemans

CL

AR

I TA

S

FO

SS

AE

Tame

Cooma

Tecolote

Kinda

Lenya

Mistretta

NhillKoga

Zhigou

Llanesco

CaxiasIzendy

S O L I S

P L A N U M

....

.

.

.

.

..

.

.

Cla

ri tas

Ru

pe

s

.

225°E (135°W)

-5°

0°230°E (130°W)

-10°

-15°

-20°

-25°

-30°


-5°

-10°

-15°

-20°

-25°

-30°


010

00

3000

-100

0

-300

0

-500

0

-700

0

-900

0

5000

7000

9000

1100

0

1300

0

1500

0

1700

0

1900

0

2100

0



Elevation in meters

Protva

T i thoniae

Fossae

EchusChasma

HebesMensa

I U S C H A S M A

O P H I R C H A S M A

C A N D O R C H A S M A

Perrotin

TithoniaeCatenae Candor Labes

Cet

iM

ensa

Candor

Mensa

Candor

Chaos

M E L A S

C H A S M A

C O P R A T E SC H A S M A

CetiChasma

Melas

Labes

Ophir Labes

GangesCatena

Di t

t ai n

o V

al l

e s

Ju

ve

nt a

e

Do

rs

a

BaetisChasma

HydraeChasma

Juve

ntae

C

hasm

a

T I T H O N I U M C H A S M A

Tithoniae Catenae

Geryon MontesIus Labes

Louros Valles

Calydon Fossa

S I N A I

P L A N U M

O P H I R

P L A N U MA U R O R A E

P L A N U M

T H A U M A S I A

P L A N U M

S I NA I

DO

R S A

CopratesLabes

C o p r a t e s C a t e n a

M u t c h

Ibragimov

Ritchey

Lassell

V A L L E S

MA R I N E R I S

Eos Chaos

ME

LA

S

ME

LA

S

FO

SS

AE

DO

RS

A

SO

LI S

DO

RS

A

DO

RS

A

FE

LI

S

Val les

Her DesherVallis

L U N A E P L A N U M

X A N T H E T E R R A

Ti thoniae Fossae

H E B E S C H A S M A

Bae

tis

Men

sa

G A N G E S C H A S M A

Elav e r V

allis

CA

PR

I C H A S M A

E O S C H A S M A

Nia Fossae

NE

CT

AR

IS

FO

SS

AE

Nirgal Vall i s

Orson Welles*

SO

L I S P

LA

NU

M

N O A C H I S

T E R R A

Capri Mensa*

270°E (90°W)

-5°

0°275°E (85°W)

-10°

-15°

-20°

-25°

-30°


-5°

-10°

-15°

-20°

-25°

-30°


010

00

3000

-100

0

-300

0

-500

0

-700

0

-900

0

5000

7000

9000

1100

0

1300

0

1500

0

1700

0

1900

0

2100

0



Elevation in meters

colonization: a permanent habitat for the colonization of mars

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