england and its colonies chapter 3, section 1. mercantilism england expects something in return for...
TRANSCRIPT
England and Its Colonies
Chapter 3, Section 1
Mercantilism
• England expects something in return for its generosity to the colonies– Mercantilism: goal is to become most wealthy
country in the world by gaining the most gold/silver
• Why are the colonies an important part of mercantilism for England?
Navigation Acts
• Navigation Acts:
1. Must trade only with England
2. Must use only English ships
Navigation Acts
• King Charles cracks down:– Created “Dominion of New England”
• DoNE• New leaders enforced Nav. Acts,
questioned Puritan beliefs, outlawed local assemblies, and created new taxes
New leader, same tricks
• King Charles II died in 1685– King James II (brother) took the throne
• Catholic• Enforced Nav. Acts
New leader, same tricks
• Glorious Revolution:– King James fled England– Parliament asked William and Mary of Orange
to take over the throne
Glorious Revolution
• The Glorious Revolution showed that Parliament has more power than the King
– In the colonies, Wm. and Parliament:• dissolve DoNE and reinstate colonial
assemblies• Require more religious freedom• Begin Salutary neglect: policy giving the
colonies more overall freedom
Glorious Revolution
• The only thing they didn’t do?
– Eliminate Nav. Acts• They strengthened them!• Moved smuggling trials to courts with
English judges• Created the Board of Trade to monitor
colonial trade
A Small Advantage
• Colonial assemblies pay the governors’ salary
The Agricultural South
Chapter 3, Section 2
Southern Life
• Profitable crop that saved Jamestown:
Tobacco
• Cash crop: a crop grown in large quantities primarily to sell
Southern Life
• Tobacco is a labor-intensive crop– Originally enslaved natives, but this proved
too difficult
1. Knew the land and could escape
2. Dying from smallpox
Southern Life
• Began enslaving Africans– From 1690 to 1750:
# of African Slaves in Southern Colonies
13,000
63,000
113,000
163,000
213,000
1690 1750
Year
# of
sla
ves Line 1
Southern Life
Plantation Owners
Free white men
Indentured servants and women
Slaves and natives
The Slave Trade
• Triangular trade
• Middle Passage
Slave Resistance
• Ways that slaves resisted their owners:– Faked sick– Broke tools– Worked slowly
Slave Resistance
• Stono Rebellion: a group of S.C. slaves gathered weapons and rose up against owners; many Africans were killed whether they were involved or not
– Began a crackdown on slaves
Ending the Slave Trade, “Amazing Grace”
Resources
• Slavery• The Slave Trade, “Amazing Grace”• Slavery in Pictures
The Commercial North
Chapter 3, Section 3
Commercial North
Diverse
• English
• German
• Scots and Irish
• Scandinavians
• French fur traders
Commercial North
• Diversity allows for two great movements to take root in the North
• The Enlightenment
• The Great Awakening
The EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment The Great The Great AwakeningAwakening
Type of Type of movementmovement
IntellectualIntellectual ReligiousReligious
Key figuresKey figures Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson
Jonathan Jonathan Edwards, Gge. Edwards, Gge. WhitefieldWhitefield
IdeasIdeas World is governed by World is governed by mathematical laws, indiv. mathematical laws, indiv. have natural rightshave natural rights
Puritan values, Puritan values, rededicate to God, rededicate to God, need for salvationneed for salvation
What action What action to taketo take
Experiment, rely on Experiment, rely on reason, question reason, question traditional authoritytraditional authority
Join a church, found Join a church, found religious colleges, religious colleges, read the Bible, read the Bible, question authorityquestion authority
• The Enlightenment• Ideas of the Enlightenment in America
NorthNorth SouthSouth
• several cash cropsseveral cash crops
• industryindustry
• Powerful merchantsPowerful merchants
• many citiesmany cities
• diverse religions, diverse religions, ethnic groups, etc.ethnic groups, etc.
• one cash cropsone cash crops
• agriculture industryagriculture industry
• Powerful farm Powerful farm owners owners
• few citiesfew cities
• more uniform more uniform populationpopulation
BothBoth
•SlavesSlaves
• Conflict with Conflict with nativesnatives
• becoming becoming wealthywealthy
• upset with upset with EnglandEngland
Tensions Between the Tensions Between the Colonies and BritainColonies and Britain
Ch. 3, Section 4
French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War
• France was Britain’s greatest rival in North America
• French had alliances with major native tribes of the midwest (Huron, Ottawa, Ojibwe)
• Built Fort Duquesne in present day Pittsburgh, but there was a problem
• British granted that land to planters
French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War
• British sent George Washington and VA militia to drive the French out– Built Fort Necessity– Forced to surrender
during French counter-attack
– Beginning of French and Indian War
French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War
• Gen. Edward Braddock defeated by French guerrilla warfare at first
• William Pitt borrowed a heap of money and began winning
• Iroquois (one of biggest native alliances) joined British
French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War
• French driven to Quebec City
• British won by scaling cliffs around Quebec and taking the French by surprise
French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War
• Treaty of Paris (1763): ended the war with France
• Great Britain received Canada and most of North America, including Florida from France’s ally Spain
French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War
• To fight native resistance:– Brits gave two small pox
blankets to natives during peace negotiations
– To avoid major battles, Proclamation of 1763
French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War
Problems Resulting from Problems Resulting from WarWar
1.1. Brits left 10,000 troops for colonists’ Brits left 10,000 troops for colonists’ safetysafety
2.2. Britain raises taxes to pay for its war Britain raises taxes to pay for its war debtsdebts
• Writs of assistance: could search any building or ship for suspected smuggled goods
3.3. Sugar ActSugar Act• Smugglers tried with one judge, no jury• Claimed rights being violated b/c no
representation in Parliament