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Mercantilism
Mercantilism� An economic system where a nation establishes colonies to provide raw materials and serve as a market for manufactured goods creating a favorable balance of trade for that country which in turn increases that nation’s wealth and power.
Goals of Mercantilism
� To become wealthiest, most powerful nation
� Become self-sufficient� meet all needs within the empire
� Develop favorable balance of trade� Export more than import = profit
Exporting more than you import
Exports: goods that are sent from your country to another or to your colony to be sold
Imports: goods brought into your country from another country or from your colony
Favorable Balance of Trade
Favorable Balance of Trade
pg. 52 in Textbook
Mercantilism in Effect� Establish colonies
� Build colonial empire to provide base of raw materials and market for manufactured goods
� Develop strong military� Strong army and navy to defend empireNavy especially important to protect trade
� Make rules/policies� Must maintain control over colonies and protect from foreign interference
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TIMBER
FISH
IRON
INDIGO
RICE COTTON
RESOURCES
RESOURCES
MANUFACTURED GOODS
French Mercantilism
Purpose of ColoniesBenefits to Mother Country
� Raw materials for manufacturing industry or re-export (trade)
� Markets for manufacturing goods
� Growth of merchant fleet
� Additional bases for Navy
Benefits for Colonies
� Bounties: incentive payments to encourage production of highly desired goods (tobacco)
� Had a steady market for raw materials & cash crops
� Defense -> protect colonies
� Shipbuilding industry developed in colonies
Enforcement of Mercantilism� Restrictions on buying
� Buy only from mother country; duties on foreign goods
� Restrictions on selling� Could only ship/sell to mother country(enumerated goods)
� Restrictions on shipping
� All trade only on mother county’s ships, all goods shipped through mother country’
� Restrictions on manufacturing
� Prohibited in colonies: keep colonies dependent on mother country, prevent competition (monopoly)
Cons of Mercantilism
� Limited profits of colonists (threatened prosperity)
� Foreign goods more expensive (taxes)
� Colonists resentful of restrictions
� Colonists treated as inferiors – “colonials”
� Need for cheap labor leads to slavery