Chapter Three

The Colonies Come

of Age

Section 1:England and Its Colonies Prosper

Mercantilism Mercantilism—countries must get gold,

silver to be self-sufficient – English colonies export raw materials to

England; import manufactured goods– Favorable balance of trade means more

gold coming in than going out

England and Its Colonies Prosper

The Navigation Acts England sees colonial sales to other

countries as economic threat In 1651, Parliament—England’s

legislative body, passes Navigation Acts: laws restrict colonial trade

King Charles II takes away Massachusetts colony’s charter

England Loosens the Reins Salutary Neglect - does not enforce

laws strictly to avoid problems with colonists

The Seeds of Self-Government

Colonies form local assemblies

Colonial assembly influences governor because they pay his salary

Colonists still consider themselves British but want self-government

Sir Edmund Andros, British colonial governor in America.

Economic Development of the ColoniesChapter 3 Sections 2-3 Pgs.72-84

Using a “foldable” create a chart that shows how each of the sections of the colonies developed differently

Section 2:The Rural Southern Economy

Fertile soil leads to growth of agriculture

Farmers specialize in cash crops grown for sale

Long, deep rivers allow planters to ship goods directly to markets

Plantations produce most of what farmers need on their property

Few cities grow

Yellow-Least fertile soil

Light Green-ModeratelyFertile

Dark Green-Most fertile

NEW ENGLANDCOLONIES

MIDDLECOLONIES

SOUTHERNCOLONIES

A Diverse and Prosperous People

-In 1700s, many German, Scots, Scots-Irish immigrants settle in South, Southern population mostly small farmers

Quechee Scottish Festival in Vermont.

The Evolution of Slavery

Plantations require large labor force Indentured servants –too few and costly Slave labor seen as answer to labor

problem

The European Slave Trade

3-way triangular trade connects Africa, Europe, and American colonies

The Middle Passage

Middle Passage-voyage that brought enslaved Africans to the Americas– Up to 20% die on

voyage over

Middle Passage

African slaves on the deck of a ship in 1860.

The European Slave Trade

Interactive Map: Triangular Trade Routes

Click on the link for interactive map of Triangular trade

Complete the activity with this slide.

Slavery in the South and African Culture

Most slaves work plantation fields 10-20% work in houses Africans manage to keep their culture

alive-music, dance-ring shout, art

Gullah….

http://www.knowitall.org/gullahtales/

Listen to the Gullah…..

Section 3:Commerce Grows in the North

Diversified Economy Cold winters, rocky soil restrict New

Englanders to small farms Middle colonies raise livestock, crops;

export surplus Diverse commercial economy develops in

New England, middle colonies By mid-1700s, merchants are powerful

group in North

Witchcraft in Salem In 1692, in Salem, Massachusetts, 2 girls accuse

a West Indian Slave woman of being a witch Witch hunt hysteria begins Result: 19 hanged, 1 crushed, 4-5 die in prison,

150 put in jail

"Examination of a Witch" in Salem.

New Ideas Influence the Colonists For centuries philosophers

used reason, science to explain world

Enlightenment—movement in 1700s emphasizing reason, observation – Enlightenment ideas spread

quickly through books, pamphlets

– Benjamin Franklin embraces Enlightenment ideas

New Ideas Influence the Colonists The Great Awakening -

religious revival of the 1730s and 1740s – Jonathan Edwards preaches

people are sinful, must seek God’s mercy

– Native Americans, African Americans, colonists join new churches

– Interest in learning increases; Protestants found colleges

Both movements question authority, stress individual’s importance

Section 4: The French and Indian War-Britain and France compete

In 1608, 1st permanent settlement- Quebec-established

In 1750s, Britain, France build empires; both want Ohio River Valley

French colonists mostly fur traders, missionary priests

French have good relations, military alliances with natives

French and Indian War:Britain Defeats an Old Enemy

War begins over land Native Americans join the French

because they believe it will help them get their land back.

George Washington is the leader of the colonial forces that helps the British to defeat the French.

Results of the war Ended by the Treaty of Paris 1763

- France forced to give up all land in North America

- Britain agrees to keep colonists

out of land in the Ohio River Valley

with the Proclamation of 1763 –

hoped that this would satisfy the

Native Americans, but it creates

tension with colonists

British get tough with Colonists Britain needs money to pay

for war-Begin to crackdown on smuggling

Enforces navigation laws Troops stationed in colonies New taxes are imposed to

pay for the war Writs of Assistance – allows

British to search colonial property w/o a warrant