England and Its Colonies

Mercantilism A Nation’s power comes from its

wealth. Self sufficiency through trade and

saving gold and silver. Colonies provided resources and

markets

Navigation Acts

Law to regulate and protect England’s trade empire.

Goods leaving the colonies must go to England on the way to Europe.

Colonists could not make goods that the British made. No competition

Impact of Navigation Acts

Positive Benefits for the Colonies

Free military aid Guaranteed market

and price for colonial goods (monopolies)

Salutary Neglect

Negative Effect on the Colonies

Colonies could not develop manufacturing (New England).

Low prices and profits for South created debt to English merchants.

Writs of Assistance violate colonial rights-search warrants.

Dominion of New England

Sir Edmund Andros Appoint to head the new

super colony Treats people badly

Glorious Revolution William and Mary Give more power to

Parliament Ends Dominion of New

England Colonists get more freedom

Salutary Neglect

Good or beneficial neglect Curfew example

Did not enforce laws Navigation Acts, etc.

Leads to colonial self government

The Agricultural South

Plantations and Small Farmers Cash crop

Tobacco, rice, indigo, and cotton

Evolution of slavery and the slave trade

Triangle trade and the middle passage

Slaves use culture to cope in the new world

Some slaves rebel Stono Rebellion

The Commercial North

Diverse economy Merchants, shipbuilders, small farmers,

fishing Urban life

Philadelphia, Boston, New York New immigrants Role of women (Similar to the South)

2nd class citizen Lacked education Couldn’t vote

Cartoon

Draw two scenes in the space provided in your notes.

One of the typical economy in the south and one of the typical economy in the north. Include various scenes of people

working, be sure to show all aspects of the economy. Be sure to show how they are different.

North Small farms

(corn, wheat, and other vegetables), fur trappers, forest timber for lumber, shopkeepers, blacksmiths, shipping, ship building.

South Plantations

(tobacco, rice, cotton), slave trade, shipping these raw materials, small farms in the west.

Slavery in Colonial America

• Need for a new, cheap source of labor because of large landholdings.

• First slaves arrived at Jamestown in 1619 to work on tobacco plantations.

• Growth of slavery was tied to the growth of the plantation system– In 1690 – 13,000 slaves in the

Southern colonies– In 1750 – 200,000 slaves in the

Southern colonies• Around the age of 12, slaves

began full-time work, which would continue until their death.

The Great Awakening: A Religious Revival

• A religious movement that swept both Europe and the colonies during the mid-17th century.

• Attacked the dry procedural approach of the established churches• Boring

• (Anglican/Congregationalist) in favor of emotion, excitement.

The Great Awakening (cont.)

Those who supported this new approach were called ‘new lights’ and those who supported the established churches were called ‘old lights.’

Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield were the most famous ministers of this movement.

Effects of the Movement• Brought religion to the

lower class and slaves.• Led to the rapid growth

of evangelical religions (Methodists, Baptists).• Established churches lose

power• Laid the foundation for

the First Amendment, the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom.

• Foundation of American Revolution

Enlightenment

Enlightenment Benjamin Franklin

American Philosophical Society, Junto reading group

It is known as the Age of Reason God created a world based on

order and rational thought World explained by science

John Locke – Social Contract

The impact of the Enlightenment and Great

Awakening Discuss the following with your

partner.1. How could each change the colonists?2. List ideas or beliefs from these

movements that led to the American Revolution?

Classwork – page 82 - 84 Summarize in your own words the

importance of the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment. What was the focus of each movement? What was each movements impact?

Identify four people who were involved with the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment. (two for each) You need to include specifics on what

they did that was important. Ex: books, speeches, inventions, new ideas, etc.

Britain and FranceBitter Rivals in America

Ohio River Valley

British and France fight over land

New France

Mostly fur traders and Catholic priests

No desire to build towns or raise families

Friendlier relations with Native Americans

In 1754 70,000 people in New France 1,000,000 people in the British colonies

Fort Necessity George Washington, Age

22 Takes a militia to find

the French Builds Fort Necessity French launch a counter

attack and take Washington and his militia

The French and Indian War

• War between rivals England and France (1754 and 1763) over the Ohio River Valley in North America.

• England was allied with its American colonies, while the French were allied with several Native American tribes.

• George Washington debuts on the battlefield and is defeated by the French at Fort Duquesne.

Albany Plan

• Benjamin Franklin suggested a plan of union to unite the colonies in 1754 to raise money, troops, and regulate trade.

• British and colonial governments reject Albany Plan because they fear power of centralized government.

• Plan represented precedent for working together for later American Revolution.

The Treaty of Paris, 1763• The English defeated the

French and negotiated a favorable peace.

• The French gave up all its North American colonies.– Canada and all land east of

the Mississippi to England.

– All land west of Mississippi to Spain to compensate for loss of Florida to the British.

• The French would look for an opportunity for revenge-American Revolution.

After the French and Indian War…

• France was driven out of North America.

• Proclamation of 1763 prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.– Great Britain did not

want to have to pay to defend colonists from Native Americans in unsettled areas.

• Great Britain increased taxes to cut debt from war.

The French and Indian War:A Major Turning Point for British-Colonial Relations

Colonies:• United them against a

common enemy for the first time.

• Created resentment towards the British that would only intensify.

• Proclamation of 1763 aimed at ending expansion west of the Appalachians.

Britain:• Increased its colonial

empire in the Americas.

• Stationed 10,000 troops in its territory.

• Contempt for the colonists created bitter feelings.

• Doubled its national debt.

Analyzing Political Cartoons

New Problems with the Native Americans

Pontiac – rebellious Ottawa leader Worried about British expansion

Captures eight British forts Small pox blankets Weakens the Native Americans

Proclamation of 1763 Settlers not allowed west of

Appalachian Mountains

Colonies and Britain Grow Apart

Crack down on smuggling Writs of assistance

Search ships and businesses 10,000 troops stationed in the

colonies Colonist fear standing army

Britain's National Debt

National Debt doubles George Grenville – new Prime

Minister New taxes Sugar Act

Lessens duties on molasses Places duties on other imports Try smuggling cases in vice-admiralty

courts