Mercantilism Imperialism

and Columbian Exchange

Mercantilism

Mercantilism – an economic policy where nations wanted to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought.

Goal of Mercantilism

Under Mercantilism, a nation could increase its wealth in 2 ways

1. Obtain as much gold and silver as possible2. Establish a favorable balance of trade (sell

more goods than they bought)

The main goal of mercantilism was to become self-sufficient, not depending on other countries for goods.

Mercantilism and Europe

Through exploration, Europe was able to find new lands which contained raw materials they did not have.

By colonization – setting up and controlling land – Europe was able to access these materials.

Imports

They could import gold, silver, and raw materials from the colony to sell in their home markets. Merchants were able to buy these items and sell them at a profit to make money.

Exports

Merchants could export European products to the colony to make money.

More Colonies

As colonies developed, merchants became wealthy. Their wealth led to more exploration to set up more colonies.

Imperialism

Imperialism – a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially.

Goal of Imperialism

Under Imperialism, a nation controls another nation or land.

The main goal of imperialism is to grow the home country and its ideas by controlling a weaker nation or land.

Imperialism and Europe

Europe practiced imperialism with the colonies because they

1. Controlled all aspects of colony life

2. Funded exploration by providing ships, materials, supplies and other needs

Imperialism and the Colonies

The colonists were involved in imperialism because they:

1. Were forced to follow the same laws as the home country

2. Provided economic gain for the home country.3. Imported silver, gold and raw materials4. Bought supplies from the home country

Mercantilism and Imperialism

Mercantilism and Imperialism led to more exploration and colonization.

As colonies were established, the home country exported materials to the colony which were bought at a profit by the colonists.

As the colonies discovered new raw materials they were imported to the home country and sold by merchants at a profit.

As merchants earned more profit, they re-invested part of their funds into more exploration and more colonization hoping to gain even more profit.

Colonization and Exploration

Success of Explorers

To fund explorations, many merchants could give SOME money to the trip. This was called a joint-stock company.

If the trip was successful and a new colony was established, everyone who put in some money shared in the profits.

If the trip was unsuccessful, everyone lost only that portion of the money they contributed.

Not all trips were successful, many died trying to find new lands and establish colonies.

Joint Stock Company

Joint Stock Company

Donald Adams, Benjamin Baker, David Copper, Andrew

Fisher,Jacob Hunter, Lewis James, John Marks, Luke Robinson,Terry Sanders, William Wiley

New Colony

ASUCCESSFU

L

New Colony C

UNSUCCESSFUL

New Colony B

UNSUCCESSFUL

Each member gave $100 toward each colony

attempt.Total $300 invested per

person.

Each member earned money on this colony!

Each member lost $100 on this

colony!

Each member lost $100 on this

colony!

The Columbian Exchange

As colonies were established, Europe and the other home countries imported (brought IN) goods from the Americas: tomatoes, squash, pineapples, tobacco, cocoa beans, turkeys, corn, and potatoes.

The home country exported (sent OUT) goods to the Americas horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, wheat, rice, barley, and oats.

They also exported (sent OUT) to the Americas diseases which were deadly for the Native Americans including small pox and measles. These diseases, which were common in Europe, were not common in the Americas. They killed millions of Native Americans who were not able to treat the diseases.

The Columbian Exchange

The Columbian Exchange

Columbian Exchange Passage

The crucial factor was not people, plants, or animals, but germs. The history of the United States begins with Virginia and Massachusetts, and their histories begin with epidemics of unidentified diseases. At the time of the Virginia colony at Roanoke in the 1580s the nearby Native Americans “began to die quickly. The disease was so strange that they neither knew what it was, nor how to cure it….”1 When the Pilgrims settled at Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620, they did so in a village and on a coast nearly cleared of Native Americans by a recent epidemic. Thousands had "died in a great plague not long since; and pity it was and is to see so many goodly fields, and so well seated, without man to dress the same."2

Smallpox was the worst and the most spectacular of the infectious diseases mowing down the Native Americans. The first recorded pandemic of that disease in British North America detonated among the Algonquin of Massachusetts in the early 1630s: William Bradford of Plymouth Plantation wrote that the victims “fell down so generally of this disease as they were in the end not able to help one another, no not to make a fire nor fetch a little water to drink, nor any to bury the dead.”

In 1738 alone the epidemic destroyed half the Cherokee; in 1759 nearly half the Catawbas; in the first years of the next century two-thirds of the Omahas and perhaps half the entire population between the Missouri River and New Mexico; in 1837-38 nearly every last one of the Mandans and perhaps half the people of the high plains.

Even if we add all the Old World deaths blamed on American diseases together the total is insignificant compared to Native American losses to smallpox alone.

Based on the passage above, circle the correct answer to the following questions.1. What is the main idea of this passage? A. Explorers B. Diseases C. Colonies2. What had the worst impact on the Native Americans? A. People B. Plants C. Germs3. What was the worst disease for the Native Americans? A. Smallpox B. Catawbas C. Pandemic4. Which Native American tribe was totally destroyed? A. Cherokee B. Omahas C. Mandans5. According to the passage, “thousands had died in a plague not long since” what was the “pity”? A. The deaths of the Native Americans B. The land that was not being farmed C. The new plants and animals

Fill in the missing information

Animals

Diseases

______

Plants

Establish a favorable balance of trade

Obtain large amounts of gold

Bought supplies from the home country

Colonists & Imperialsim

Strong country dominates a weak country Socially

Obtain large amounts of silver

Strong country dominates a weak country Economically

Strong country dominates a weak country Politically

Timeline – based on the timeline to the left, answer the questions on the right.Aug 3, 1492Columbus SailsAug 12, 1492Columbus Discovers the New WorldNov 8, 1519Cortés ArrivesJul 1, 1520Aztec Attack SpanishJul 8, 1520Aztec SmallpoxAug 13, 1521Aztecs Surrender1525Inca SmallpoxNov 16, 1532Pizarro Captures IncasMar 23, 1534Spanish ConquestJun 1, 1539De Soto ExpeditionMay 21, 1542De Soto Dies1682La Salle Canoes down Mississippi1700Comanche Utilize Horses

1. Which happened first?a. Aztec attack Spanish b. DeSoto Dies c. Cortes Arrives

2. Who came last?a. Cortes b. Columbus c. DeSoto

3. Which happened to the Aztecs last?a. Spanish attack b. Smallpox c. Surrender

4. Which two things happened in the same year?a. Aztec attack Spanish and get Smallpoxb. Columbus sails and discovers the New Worldc. Inca get smallpox and Pizarro conquers them

5. What river did LaSalle canoe down?___________________

6. In what year did Columbus set sail?___________________

7. Who did Pizarro capture?a. Aztecs b. Comanche c. Incas

8. How many years did DeSoto explore before he died?a. 2 years b. 3 years c. 4 years

9. What year did the Comanche begin to use horses?___________

10. How many years did the Aztecs fight the Spanish?a. 1 year b. 20 years c. 100 years