UNESCO

Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission

Workshop Report No. 255

Earthquake and Tsunami Hazard in Northern Haiti: Historical Events and Potential Sources

Meeting of Experts Port-au-Prince, Haiti 10–11 July 2013

UNESCO 2013

Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission

Workshop Report No. 255

Earthquake and Tsunami Hazard in Northern Haiti: Historical Events and Potential Sources

Meeting of Experts Port-au-Prince, Haiti 10–11 July 2013

“Consolidating Haitian capacities for tsunami

early warning and response” financed by the

Department of Humanitarian Aid & Civil Protection of European Commission (ECHO)

IOC Workshop Report No. 255 Paris, 2013 English only

The authors are responsible for the choice and the presentation of the facts contained in this publication and for the opinions expressed therein, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of information in this publication. However neither UNESCO, nor the authors will be liable for any loss or damaged suffered as a result of reliance on this information, or through directly or indirectly applying it.

The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariats of UNESCO and IOC concerning the legal status of any country or territory, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of the frontiers of any country or territory.

For bibliographic purposes this document should be cited as follows:

Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission. 2013. Earthquake and tsunami hazard in Northern Haiti: Historical events and potential sources (Meeting of experts). Paris, UNESCO, pp.29 (IOC/2013/WR/255)

Published in 2013 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP

UNESCO 2013 Printed in France

IOC Workshop Report, 255 page (i)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

page

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ (ii)

1. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES .......................................................................... 1

2. OFFSHORE FAULT SOURCES IN NORTHERN HAITI FOR EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI MODELLING ................................................... 1

3. REGIONAL AND TELESEISMIC OFFSHORE FAULT SOURCES FOR NORTHERN HAITI .............................................................. 2

3.1 A CARIBBEAN-WIDE STUDY (U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION REPORT) ............................... 3

3.2 PUERTO RICO .................................................................................................. 4

4. RECOMMENDATIONS ON OTHER CONSIDERATIONS FOR TSUNAMI MODELLING ..................................................................................... 6

5. ONSHORE FAULT SOURCES IN NORTHERN HAITI FOR EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI MODELLING ................................................... 7

6. NON-SEISMIC SOURCES FOR TSUNAMIS .............................................................. 7

7. HOW CAN THE HAITI SEISMIC NETWORK SUPPORT HAZARD ASSESSMENTS ....................................................................... 8

8. REVIEW TABLE OF SOURCES FOR EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI MODELLING FOR NORTHERN HAITI. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK ......................................................... 10

ANNEXES

I. AGENDA

II. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES

III. LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

IV. LIST OF ACRONYMS

IOC Workshop Report, 255 page (ii)

Executive Summary

On 12 January 2010, a devastating Mw 7.0 earthquake struck the Republic of Haiti, killing more than 230,000 people. This not-expected magnitude earthquake was so deadly because neither the authorities nor the population were prepared. Since then, many efforts are being made to better characterize the seismic hazard in Haiti in order to mitigate the impact of such events. Of particular concern is the northern coast of Haiti which is skirted by the near-shore Septentrional fault (SF), one of the major faults of the island of Hispaniola (Haiti and Dominican Republic) and the North Hispaniola fault farther offshore to the North. The northern coast, especially the cities of Cap-Haitien and Port-de-Paix, has already experienced an estimated Mw 8.0 destructive tsunamigenic earthquake in 1842. The earthquake is thought to have ruptured the SF offshore northern Haiti; although a rupture of the northern Haiti thrust further north has also recently been proposed. On 10 and 11 July 2013, a “Meeting of Experts on Earthquake and Tsunami Hazard in Northern Haiti: Historical Events and Potential Sources” took place in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, to discuss the source of the 1842 event as well as that of other earthquakes and tsunamis that could impact the northern coast of Haiti and could be used for earthquake and tsunami hazard assessment and risk reduction projects for this area.

During this workshop, possible locations of the historical earthquakes, particularly tsunamigenic ones, were discussed. According to the present-day fault mapping in Hispaniola, several faults or fault segments were identified that could generate large earthquakes which could also trigger tsunamis. Non-seismic sources of tsunamis in northern Haiti were also considered (e.g., submarine landslides). New data is needed to help identify and constrain the potential sources, in particular from fault mapping (on- and offshore), paleoseismology, seismicity, and geodesy.

Because the Quaternary faults in Haiti are not all identified, and the geometries of those that are identified are not well constrained, the participants recommended:

To improve the fault mapping in Haiti using high-resolution topographic and bathymetric data and detailed country-wide geological surveys of Quaternary faults;

To gather more geophysical data to better constrain the geometry of active faults and determine their strain accumulation rate;

To improve existing knowledge about the detailed crust and upper mantle structure of the Earth in La Hispaniola island;

To conduct paleoseismic studies to estimate the return time of large earthquakes and the slip rate of major active faults;

To carry out paleotsunami studies to correlate paleoseismic data in order to identify the faults that triggered such tsunamis and to obtain a complete paleo-earthquake catalogue for Haiti;

To strengthen the development of a fully operational seismic network in Haiti for seismic monitoring and fault characterization;

To enhance the capacities of the Haitian institutions in seismic and tsunami monitoring, data processing, and analysis;

To perform a complete assessment of the potential tsunamis and earthquake sources for northern Haiti that will be part of an upcoming study made by a small group of selected regional experts.

IOC Workshop Report, 255

1. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

In the aftermath of the devastating earthquake of 12 January 2010 that hit Haiti, significant efforts are underway to identify and mitigate the risk associated with future earthquake and tsunamis that will impact Haiti. In addition to efforts focused on Port-au-Prince, research and assessments are being performed for northern Haiti, in particular Cap-Haitien. On 7 May 1842, an earthquake occurred at 17:00 local time (21:00 UTC) with an estimated magnitude that ranges from 7.6 to 8.1 Mw. A destructive tsunami was also triggered by this earthquake. Both the earthquake and tsunami strongly affected the northern coast of Haiti and what is now the northern Dominican Republic. Approximately 5,000 people were killed by the effects of the earthquake shaking and another 300 by the tsunami. Currently, there are several efforts underway and potential projects that could be funded to define the seismic and tsunami hazard and risk for northern Haiti and Hispaniola and prepare for potentially catastrophic events. The purpose of this technical scientific meeting was to discuss the source of the 1842 event as well as other sources of earthquakes and tsunamis that could impact the northern coast of Haiti and could be used for earthquake and tsunami hazard assessment and risk reduction projects for this area.

2. OFFSHORE FAULT SOURCES IN NORTHERN HAITI FOR EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI MODELLING

The following image (Image 1) drawn by B. Mercier de Lépinay shows the North American Plate and the Caribbean Plate.

Image 1. North American Plate and Caribbean Plate. (Source : B. Mercier de Lépinay)

IOC Workshop Report, 255 page 2

Three main offshore faults sources in northern Haiti for earthquake and tsunami modelling should be considered:

1. Offshore Septentrional fault

Left−lateral strike-slip fault.

Extent: From an undetermined area onshore, East of Manzanillo, D.R. (possibly South of Villa Vazquez), running offshore along the coast of Haiti, through the Canal de la Tortue (between Tortue island and Haiti mainland), through the Windward Passage, South of Oriente, Cuba (south of Baïtiquiri, province of Guantanamo, Cuba).

Length and direction: More than 300 kilometer long, running approximately E−W (N90) from Cuba to south of Tortue Island, and approximately N100 from this point eastward.

Dip: More or less vertical.

The onshore Septentrional fault in the Dominican Republic is known to be active in the late Holocene, and to generate earthquakes. West of Haiti, the fault crosses the Windward Passage, where it could also generate tsunamis.

2. The North Hispaniola Thrust: Oblique thrust

Front of the accretionary wedge corresponding to the oblique subduction of the Bahamas/Turk and Caïcos Platform below Hispaniola mainland.

Extent: Parallel to the northern coast of Hispaniola (at approximately 80 kilometres to the North), all along the coast. The thrust appears to be active to the West as far as North of Punta de Maisi, Cuba, with seismic activity at least until Moa.

Dip: Probably about 45° to the South (SSW).

This very oblique subduction thrust can produce big earthquakes, especially where the large carbonated banks (Navidad Bank, Silver Bank, Mouchoir Bank, Turk and Caicos Bank …) are colliding with Hispaniola.

3. The Santiago deformed belt

High angle thrust, visible thanks to the development of folds and thrusts in the Oriente Deep (at around 6000 metres depth), just south of Guantanamo Bay and Santiago Bay, southern Cuba.

Length and direction: About 100 kilometres from West to East, N90.

Dip: Probably ~60/70° to the North.

This deformed belt is the known source of earthquakes affecting southern Cuba, and could be a potential source for tsunami.

3. REGIONAL AND TELESEISMIC OFFSHORE FAULT SOURCES FOR NORTHERN HAITI

Several studies have already taking place to list the major active fault sources

IOC Workshop Report, 255 page 3

capable of producing tsunamis in the region. This section summarizes these fault sources proposed in these studies in a table listing with the earthquake source geometry ready to be used to execute the generation/propagation tsunami models. Below is presented a summary of:

A Caribbean-wide study undertaken by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission;

Several studies concerning solely Puerto Rico.

3.1 A CARIBBEAN-WIDE STUDY (U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION REPORT)

In the report of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Evaluation of Tsunami Sources with the Potential to Impact the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Coasts: An Updated Report to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the fault sources for the Caribbean can be summarized in Table 1. These sources can be used as distant offshore fault sources for tsunamis modelling while for source 3b (Puerto Rico) it might be preferable to use the PRSN (Puerto Rico Seismic Network) FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) catastrophic scenario (Table 2).

Fault

# Name Type Length

(km) Width (km)

Strike (º)

Dip (º)

Rake (º)

Avg. Slip-

low(m)

Avg. Slip-high (m)

Mw

(low)

Mw

(high)

1 W. Cayman OTF 746 15 N73E 83N 185 10.6 12.4 8.3 8.35

2 E. Cayman OTF 915 15 N77E 80S 175 12.1 14.2 8.4 8.45

3a Hispaniola SUB 525 110 N98E 20S 70

8.2 9.4 9.11 9.15 3b Puerto Rico SUB 385 110 N83E 20S 23

3c Virgin Islands SUB 485 110 N102

E 20S 42

4a W. Northern Panama OCB 200 40 N113

E 30S 90

3.7 4.3 8.24 8.28

4b E. Northern Panama OCB 350 40 N75

E 35S 90

5a W. Southern Caribbean SUB 550 50 N53

E 17S 90

4.7 5.4 8.46 8.5

5b E. Southern Caribbean SUB 200 50 N95

E 17S 90

Table 1. Earthquake source parameters and range of average slip and moment magnitudes, blue rectangles indicate same scenario.

(Source: NRC report)

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3.2 PUERTO RICO

Several studies have been performed in Puerto Rico, displayed in the tables below:

A catastrophic scenario (FEMA study), displayed on Table 2;

The scenario used for the Caribe Wave/Lantex 2013 exercise (IOC/2012/TS/101 VOL.1) displayed on Table 3;

A worst case Lisbon-type event on Table 3;

The sources listed in the Regional Risk Reduction Initiative (R3i), contractor report, Phase 4, Report No BVI-III-4-a/b, displayed on Table 4;

The modelling sources from the PRSN database, which resemble the sources from Tsunami Hazard in the Caribbean: Regional exposure derived from credible worst case scenarios (Harbitz, et al., 2012) are the following (Table 5).

Segment Longitude (º)

Latitude (º)

Length (km)

Width (km)

Dip (º)

Rake (º)

Strike (º)

Slip (m)

Depth (km)

1 -64.80 19.0 66.92 72.59 45 90 109 5.473 10

2 -65.40 19.0 63.08 72.59 45 75 90 5.473 10

3 -66.50 19.25 118.90 72.59 45 85 103 5.473 10

Table 2. FEMA Catastrophic scenario for Puerto Rico, the overall M using the sum of all segments is 8.5. (Source PRSN)

Table 3. Earthquake scenarios for the Exercise Caribe Wave/Lantex 2013 and the worst case Lisbon event. (Source PRSN database).

ID Source Mw Length (km)

Width (km)

Centre location

Strike (°)

Rake (°)

Dip (°)

Slip (m)

Depth (km)

EQ1867A

RF (Barkan

& ten Brink, 2010)

7.5 50 25 -

18.167°E, 65°N

300 45 45 6 1

Case Segment Longitude Latitude Length (km)

Width (km) Dip Rake Strike Slip Depth

(km)

Lantex 2013 01 -71.39 13.35 300 100 17 90 90 5.26 10

Lisbon 1755 01 -10.468 35.173 200 80 40 90 345 13.1 5

IOC Workshop Report, 255 page 5

ID Source Mw Length (km)

Width (km)

Centre location

Strike (°)

Rake (°)

Dip (°)

Slip (m)

Depth (km)

EQ1867B

RF (Barkan

& ten Brink, 2010)

7.5 50 25 -

18.167°E, 65°N

120 45 45 6 1

EQ1867C

ZF (Barkan

& ten Brink, 2010,

Zahibo, 2003)

7.5 50 25 -18°E, 65°N 255 45 90 6 1

FEQ1 Source 1 (ten Brink, personal communication)

Segment 1 8.73 204 90 143 90 15 8.11 8.5

Segment 2 81 90 123 90 15 8.11 8.5

Segment 3 226 90 110 90 15 8.11 8.5

Segment 4 74 90 97 90 15 8.11 8.5

Segment 5 52 90 96 90 15 8.11 8.5

FEQ2 Source 2 (ten Brink, personal communication)

Segment 6 8.4 131 68 91 90 15 5.44 9.5

Segment 7 86 68 82 90 15 5.44 9.5

Segment 8 229 68 83 90 15 5.44 9.5

FEQ3 Source 3 (ten Brink, personal communication)

Segment 9 8 132 45 100 -90 60 7.06 7.5

Table 4. Earthquake parameters used in the near-field tsunami scenarios. (Source: Regional Risk Reduction Initiative report.)

IOC Workshop Report, 255 page 6

Table 5. PRSN database after Harbitz et al., 2012

4. RECOMMENDATIONS ON OTHER CONSIDERATIONS FOR TSUNAMI MODELLING

There is currently very limited information on the tsunami risk and potential tsunami sources in northern Haiti. To address this, the following work is needed: (1) paleotsunami studies in northern Haiti to investigate past tsunamis and the possibility of subsidence; (2) more studies to refine the parameters of potential fault sources (Hispaniola trench and the Septentrional fault) that could generate tsunamis; (3) study of deep ocean bathymetry to identify potential landslide sources (the French group at the implying Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC, Paris-VI), IFP Énergies nouvelles (IFPEN) and CNRS-Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis will be doing some of this in the near future); (4) data on near-shore bathymetry to identify areas where local wave amplification might occur; and (5) tsunami inundation models (at this point, even a coarse model would be helpful to help identify relative inundation).

Although there is limited information on expected tsunami inundation in northern Haiti, recommendations for tsunami evacuation can still be given. The U.S. National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program (NTHMP), in the absence of tsunami modelling recommends defining the evacuation zone 3 kilometres inland or 10 metres above sea level, unless there is historical evidence of larger events. However, these recommendations are generic and if possible, more realistic recommendations should be given —calling for a massive evacuation can lead to deaths/accidents from the evacuation itself. Lessons learned from past tsunamis and the geography of the cities in question should also be considered when developing recommendations for evacuation. Cap-Haitien inundation maps have been developed indicating inundation of 10 metres above sea level. This height seems reasonable for an event of ~Mw 8 as experienced in past tsunamis.

Pivot Segment Longitude (°)

Latitude (°)

Length (km)

Width (km)

Dip (°)

Rake (°)

Strike (°)

Slip (m)

Depth (km)

B1 -61.59733 17.98005

B2 -60.93607 17.29519

B3 -60.56574 16.50455

B4 -60.26830 15.42787

Scenario 1: Depth: 10 km

B1 1 105.8 65 60 90 136 5 10

B2 2 97 65 60 90 155 5 10

B3 3 124.1 65 60 90 164.5 5 10

Scenario 2:Two segments: (Mw8.0), depth: 10 km

B1-B2 40 3.0 10

B2-B3 40 3.0 10

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5. ONSHORE FAULT SOURCES IN NORTHERN HAITI FOR EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI MODELLING

Tsunamis are most commonly generated by offshore faults. However, they can also be generated by onshore faults depending on the extension and the geometry of the rupture —the epicenter can be land based but the rupture can extend into the seabed, and also if the shaking triggers submarine landslides. Based on the fault mapping, as it is now known, there are two main onshore faults in northern Haiti that should be taken into account for earthquake and tsunami hazard:

1. The onshore part of the Septentrional Fault in the Cibao Valley. This onshore fault is more than 200 kilometres long, and is a significant seismic hazard for northern Hispaniola.

2. A poorly known fault zone cutting through central Haiti, which includes the Massif du Nord fault extending from Plateau Central (in Haiti) to San Juan then Bani (in the Dominican Republic).

Given the length of the Septentrional fault in the Cibao Valley, this segment is capable of up to Mw 8.0. Such a magnitude can generate local tsunamis at both terminations of the segment (Samana Bay and northern Haiti, especially Fort-Liberté). In addition, the high topography of the Cordillera Septentrional suggests that the Cibao Valley segment, is north-dipping, a geometry that may be prone to generating tsunamis along the northernmost coast of the Dominican Republic (e.g., Puerto Plata). The seismic potential of the Massif du Nord fault is not well known. However, two recent events in 1911 and 1962 are attributed to that fault, suggesting its activity. This fault, as it is mapped today, may not represent a great tsunamigenic fault. Other minor faults have been identified in the northwestern peninsula of Haiti but there is no evidence for their activities.

Considering that the Septentrional fault in the Cibao Valley is known to produce large earthquakes, we recommend that this fault continue to be studied in terms of: (1) its paleoseismic history and geometric relationship to the adjacent offshore segments and with the offshore North Hispaniola fault;(2) determine possible coulomb stress change on the adjacent offshore faults that may be induced by a significant earthquake on the Septentrional fault in the Cibao Valley; and (3) tsunami deposit studies that should be undertaken in northern Hispaniola. The onshore segment of the Septentrional fault has to be taken into account for earthquake hazard. For the other faults such as, the Massif du Nord fault and the minor structures in the northwestern peninsula, an extensive Quaternary fault mapping programme is needed to assess their geometry and the hazard they pose using high-resolution imagery, more geophysical data and field observations.

6. NON-SEISMIC SOURCES FOR TSUNAMIS

The tsunami impact zone for the 7 May 1842 event seems to be highly localized, and some scientists have speculated that the earthquake may have triggered superimposed tsunamis generated by landslides. The arrival times need to be determined and validated against numerical model predictions to exclude local early arrivals due to separate submarine landslide tsunamis. The distribution of inundation heights needs to be quantified à la Okal and Synolakis (2004) to help clarify whether a tsunamigenic submarine landslide needs to be invoked for the 1842 event.

Oblique convergence between the Caribbean and North American plates is partitioned between thrust motion along the north Hispaniola fault zone and two major east-west trending, strike-slip fault systems: the Septentrional fault system in northern Haiti and the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault (EPGF) system in southern Haiti (Manaker et al., 2008, Calais et al., 2010). Presently tsunamigenic landslides cannot be excluded independent of

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whether the 1842 source was located along the Septentrional fault system or the Hispaniola trench. The 12 January 2010 Haiti Mw 7.0 earthquake along the EPGF serves as reminder as it triggered a co-seismic coastal submarine landslide at Petit Paradis inside the Gulf of Gonâve resulting in coastal flooding and several tsunami fatalities, while the source of the tsunami on the south shore of Hispaniola remains to be determined (Hornbach et al., 2010; Fritz et al. 2013). Examples of historical tsunamis in the Caribbean farther west along the EPGF zone include the disastrous 1692 Port Royal landslide generated tsunami in Jamaica, caused by a slump into Kingston harbour killing some 2,000 people (Ellis, 1892; Pawson and Buisseret, 1975), and a smaller tsunami associated with the 1907 Kingston earthquake (Fuller, 1907).

Similar landslide tsunamis may be triggered by earthquakes along the Septentrional fault and the Hispaniola trench in northern Haiti. Landslides may be the primary tsunami source for earthquakes along the Septentrional fault and superimposed secondary tsunami sources for earthquakes along the Hispaniola trench. Recently a cruise led by Sylvie Leroy, Nadine Ellouz and Bernard Mercier de Lépinay recorded high-resolution bathymetry along northern Haiti. Potential evidence of submarine landslides may serve as tsunami sources similar to work done by Lopez et al., 2013 (GSA abstract) around Puerto Rico such as the tsunami of 11 October 1918 along its northwestern coast. Likely amphitheaters in the offshore bathymetry along the coast of northern Haiti may identify the threat to coastal communities. With earthquakes among the primary processes leading to instabilities and subsequent failure, the possibility of experiencing new submarine landslides is real and thus requires an assessment to quantify potential sources, their dimensions, volumes, resulting tsunamis, and their effects onshore. In order to produce evacuation maps, potential sources need to be identified, tsunamis simulated, inundation and runup values estimated. In addition to past submarine landslides observed in the region's bathymetry, scenarios of submarine landslides may be invoked as potentially occurring in the future. If and when any or all of these potential case scenarios occur in the future remains unknown, however, study results are critical to quantify their effects along coastal areas and therefore prepare communities for their occurrence.

7. HOW CAN THE HAITI SEISMIC NETWORK SUPPORT HAZARD ASSESSMENTS

A seismicity catalogue for Haiti is needed. It should have at least two parts: one from pre-network historical data and one from instrumentally-derived network locations. This catalogue would aid in the development of hazard maps, site-specific hazard analyses, and public education.

In the months following the 2010 earthquake, the United States Geological Survey produced a first seismic hazard map for Haiti (Frankel et al., 2010), further augmented later that year (Frankel et al., 2011). This map has been officially included in the Code National du Bâtiment d’Haiti (http://mtptc.gouv.ht/accueil/publications/code-construction.html) as the basis for seismic design. An alternate map has been produced by Madrid Polytechnic University (UPM) that has not been published yet. Hazard maps have a shelf life —for example U.S. hazard maps are updated every six years. Similar updating should be carried out for Haiti as new data becomes available.

It is important to integrate and share real-time digital waveforms from other seismological observatories, such as those in Puerto Rico, Cuba, Dominican Republic, and Jamaica. This would help improve the location of earthquakes and the understanding of the regional tectonics.

Additional activities for hazard analysis that could be performed with seismic data include determination of earthquake recurrence which is required for probabilistic analysis and hazard maps. Seismic data can also help with tectonic analysis and the identification of

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seismogenic structures. Very importantly, data from a local network can be used to determine the seismic wave attenuation which could ultimately be used for the development of Haiti/Dominican Republic specific attenuation relation.

The Dominican Republic seismic network now includes 12 accelerometers, 3 short period and 5 broadband instruments. The network is undertaking partnership and projects with the Puerto Rico Seismic Network (PRSN) and the Puerto Rico Strong Motion Program (PRSMP), the United States Geological Survey (USGS), and the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC). The on-going projects include the improvement of the network in upgrading and installing new stations, which allow daily monitoring, quick and accurate earthquake locations, and finally research and outreach.

The Cuban Seismic Network was reviewed in the perspective of real-time data exchange with Haiti. Besides several stations that are under construction, this network has seven broadband and five short period operational stations. The system has the capabilities for real-time exchange of waveforms but an upgrade in the communication infrastructures is required. Note that, for the moment, there is no tide gauge in Cuba that meets the requirements for tsunami warning.

The Seismic Network of Haiti managed by the Unité Technique de Sismologie (UTS) of the Bureau des Mines et de l’Energie (BME) has three installed broadband stations and four more in process of installation. Only three people are assigned to the network and one more is in training. There is not a procedure for daily data processing and locating earthquakes yet.

There are on-going efforts to establish a tide gauge network as part of the tsunami and other coastal hazards warning system of Haiti. There is one operational station installed in Cap-Haïtien and two more to be installed in 2013. The stations are in continuous operation service (24/7). Finally, a strong education and outreach programme is in progress.

Recommendations:

The Bureau des Mines et de l’Energie of Haiti needs to develop its own local capabilities to operate the National Seismic Network;

The country needs 24/7 seismic network operations;

Local network must serve local data: a local data hub must be located at the Bureau des Mines et de l’Energie (BME);

Communications need to be upgraded at the BME network operation centre;

Power needs to be upgraded at the BME network operation centre;

Software and technical skills at the BME network operation centre are required;

Local research using seismic network data must be included as government priority;

Commitment from the government is required in order to install and keep the operations of the local network and related data and analysis centre;

The country needs to have a local earthquake and tsunami protocol with its neighbour centres at the Instituto de Sismología de la Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo (UASD), and the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Sismológicas (CENAIS),in Cuba.

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Training in tide gauge installation, operation and sea-level data analysis is still required at Service Maritime et de Navigation d'Haïti (SEMANAH);

Finally, in a regional view, it is strongly recommended that a broadband seismic station is installed on the island of Inagua.

BME promised full data sharing with regional and worldwide seismic and tsunami warning centres. Regional networks from CENAIS (Cuba), ISU (Instituto Sismológico Universitario of Dominican Republic) and PRSN (Puerto Rico) offered Haiti assistance in building and operating their seismic network.

8. REVIEW TABLE OF SOURCES FOR EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI MODELLING FOR NORTHERN HAITI. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK

Given the limited time available for this discussion during the meeting, it was decided to focus on a few scenarios that would potentially be the most damaging for northern Haiti. Those scenarios were agreed upon as follows:

1. A Mw 8.0 earthquake on the Septentrional strike-slip fault (possibly similar to the 7 May 1842 earthquake);

2. A repeat of the Dominican Republic earthquake of 4 August 1946 of Mw 8.1 on the offshore thrust fault system north of Haiti;

3. An earthquake rupturing a portion of the offshore thrust fault system north of Haiti that is larger than the portion that ruptured in 1946.

The first scenarios were chosen because they are analogous to events that have occurred in the past, the last one was chosen as a "worst case scenario". The dimensions and geometry of the associated ruptures where discussed based on existing geological and geophysical data and on earthquake rupture scaling laws.

SCENARIO (1), two segments

Latitude Longitude Latitude Longitude Width Dip Rake

20.0233 -74.4873 19.9728 -72.7913 20 90 0

19.9728 -72.7913 19.6508 -71.3853 20 90 0

Assuming uniform coseismic slip of 5 m and mu = 3.3e11 dyn/cm, one gets:

Mw = (log10 (mu*20e5*328*1e5*5e2)-16.1) / 1.5 = 8.0

SCENARIO (2), one segment

Latitude Longitude Latitude Longitude Width Dip Rake

20.4069 -73.5201 20.1982 -71.6834 59 21 90

Assuming uniform coseismic slip of 5 m and shear modulus (mu) = 3.3e11 dyne/cm2, one gets:

Mw = (log10 (mu*59e5*195e5*5e2)-16.1) / 1.5 = 8.1

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SCENARIO (3), three segments

Latitude Longitude Latitude Longitude Width Dip Rake

20.7674 -74.4984 20.4069 -73.5201 59 21 90

20.4069 -73.5201 20.1982 -71.6834 59 21 90

(same as scenario 2)

20.1982 -71.6834 19.5541 -68.7327 59 21 90

Assuming uniform coseismic slip of 10 m and mu = 3.3e11 dyne/cm2, one gets:

Mw = (log10 (mu*59e5*(111+195+317) e5*10e2)-16.1) / 1.5 = 8.7

[Width = distance along fault dip in km].

For scenario 1, although the Septentrional fault appears to be vertical along most of its trace, there is evidence that it may have a slight thrust component in the Cibao Valley in particular. We therefore recommend running a series of models varying the nominal dip and rake by +-20 degrees.

For scenarios 2 and 3, the dip (21 degrees) is taken from Dolan and Wald (1998) focal mechanism for the earthquake of 4 August 1946. GPS results (Calais et al., 2010) indicate complete partitioning of the oblique Caribbean-North America relative motion at the longitude of Hispaniola, with pure thrust on the offshore north Hispaniola thrust fault. It is therefore recommend using a rake of 90 degrees, although a range of 70−90 degrees would be fair to test (Dolan and Wald, 1998, give a rake of 76 degrees).

For scenarios 2 and 3, the width and dip used here (59 kilometres and 21 degrees, respectively) imply that the surface projection of the down dip end of the rupture is 55 kilometres South of the offshore surface trace of the North Hispaniola fault. This geometry does not conflict with the location of the major Septentrional strike-slip fault, i.e. it does not intersect that fault at depth, as proposed by Dolan and Bowman (2004).

These scenarios are not the only potentially damaging ones for northern Haiti. Large earthquakes on other offshore faults elsewhere in the northern and eastern Caribbean could significantly impact the coast of northern Haiti. Among many other potential regional sources, thrust earthquakes offshore southern Cuba –on the "Santiago Deformed Belt"– were mentioned as a potential threat, in particular for the surroundings of the Baie de la Gonâve and for Port-au-Prince. A complete assessment of the potential tsunami and earthquake sources remains to be done for the region, with their segmentation, geometry, and slip (deficit) rate. It is recommended that this be part of an upcoming study made by a small group of selected regional experts.

IOC Workshop Report, 255 Annex I

ANNEX I

AGENDA

DAY 1

8:30 a.m. – 9:00 a.m. Registration

9:00 a.m.– 9:15 a.m. Welcome and Introduction to Workshop, Goals and Objectives, Bernardo Aliaga (UNESCO)

9:15 a.m.– 10:15 a.m. PLENARY. Input Required for Tsunami and Earthquake Hazard Modelling. A table with the parameters of the faults to be used for the hazard and risk modelling will be presented. The participants will be requested to agree on the content of the table. Moderator: Victor Huerfano (PRSN)

10:15 a.m.– 10:45 a.m. Coffee Break and Official Picture

10:45 a.m.– 12:15 p.m.

PANEL: What do we know about the sources of earthquake and tsunami hazard in Northern Haiti? Any faults identified in these presentations should be added to the Northern Haiti Earthquake and Tsunami Source Table (20 minutes maximum each presenter).

Moderator: Emile Okal (Northwestern University)

Contribution of geodetic measurements of present-day deformation in the northeastern Caribbean to the earthquake hazard posed by active faults in the region –Eric Calais (ENS)

Tsunami hazard for Haiti – Narcisse Zahibo (UAG)

12:15 p.m. – 1:30 p.m. Lunch

1:30 p.m. – 2:30 p.m. PANEL. Offshore Sources Relevant to Northern Haiti (15 minutes maximum each presenter) – Was the 1842 earthquake generated along any of these sources? What are the parameters of the offshore faults that should be used for the Earthquake and Tsunami hazard and risk studies? Updates for Northern Haiti Earthquake and Tsunami Source Table

Moderator: Brian Tucker (Geohazards International)

Active fault pattern around Northern Haiti from bathymetric and seismic data (Haiti-OBS and Haiti-SIS cruise) – Bernard Mercier de Lépinay (Université de Nice - Sophia Antipolis, France)

Seismic Source Model for Puerto Rico and Mona Passage and Seismic Source Model for Northern Caribbean-North American Plate Boundary Zone (pending approval from Bechtel Corp.) – Roland La Forge (Fugro Consultants)

IOC Workshop Report, 255 Annex I – page 2

Identification and Modelling submarine landslides relevant to Northern Haiti, including a review of the 1946 earthquakes – Alberto Lopez (UPRM)

2:30 p.m. – 3:30 p.m. Working Groups.

WG1. Offshore fault sources in Northern Haiti for earthquake and tsunami modelling. What faults should be considered and what are the parameters?

WG2. Regional and distant offshore fault sources for Northern Haiti (Puerto Rico, Southern Cuba, Lisbon, etc.) for more tsunami modelling. What faults should be considered and what are the parameters?

Seismological reassessment of the August 4, 1946 Hispaniola earthquake – Alberto Lopez (UPRM) – This is not a PPT: We expect the author to brief the participants on this topic during the discussions of this WG.

WG3. Recommendations on other considerations for Tsunami modelling, e.g. Bathymetry and topography, what should be the resolution for the DEM (90 m, 30 m, 10 m?) In the absence of modelling what recommendation should be given with respect to areas that need to be evacuated (3 km or 25 m, like US NTHMP)?

Data needs and approaches to define bathymetry and topographic conditions in a seamless survey for data input to tsunami modelling, Roland LaForge (Fugro Consultants, Inc.) This is not a PPT: We expect the author to brief the participants on this topic during the discussions of this WG.

3:30 p.m. – 4:30 p.m. Presentation of Results of Working Group and Summary of the Day’s Discussions and Recommendations – Brian Tucker [The reporter for each WG would have only 10 minutes to make his/her report]

4:30 p.m. – 5:30 p.m. Meeting of Technical Report Committee

DAY 2

8:00 a.m. Sign in and Setup

8:30 – 9:30 a.m.

PANEL Onshore earthquake and tsunami sources relevant to Northern Haiti (20 minutes each presenter)

Moderator: Alberto Lopez

Paleoseismology of the Septentrional fault and constraints on the interpretation of historical earthquakes – Carol Prentice (USGS)

Tsunami Potential along the EPGF: Past, Present, and Future – Matt

IOC Workshop Report, 255 Annex I – page 3

Hornbach (Southern Methodist University)

9:30 a.m.–10:30 a.m. Working Groups.

WG4. Onshore fault sources in Northern Haiti. For earthquake and tsunami modelling. What faults should be considered and what are the parameters.

Seismotectonics of Haiti. Active Faulting – Paleoearthquakes, Newdeskarl SaintFleur (IPGP).This is not a PPT: We expect the author to brief the participants on this topic during the discussions of this WG.

WG5. Non seismic sources for tsunamis e.g. Landslides. Should non seismic sources be considered for tsunami hazard assessments for northern Haiti? How can these sources be defined? What parameters are needed, propose table like that used for faults.

Tsunamis triggered by the 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake – Hermann Fritz (Georgia Tech). This is not a PPT: we expect the author to brief the participants on this topic during the discussions of this WG.

Modelling tsunamis from submarine landslide around The Puerto Rico area using TSUNAMI3D and NEOWAVE – Alberto Lopez (UPRM). This is not a PPT: we expect the author to brief the participants on this topic during the discussions of this WG.

WG6. What site specific ground conditions need to be taken into consideration in seismic hazard assessments for Northern Haiti.

PROJET SISMO-HAITI – Victor Huerfano (PRSN) -This is not a PPT: We expect the author to brief the participants on this topic during the discussions of this WG.

10:30 a.m.– 10:45 a.m. Coffee Break

10:45 – 11:15 a.m. Reporting Back of WG4, WG5 and WG6 Chair Bernard Mercier de Lépinay [The reporter for each WG would have only 5 minutes to make his/her report]

11:15 – 11:45 a.m. How to determine the maximum size of earthquakes for tsunami and earthquake hazard analysis for northern Haiti – Based on Lessons learned from Japan and elsewhere – Emile Okal (Northwestern University).

11:45 am – 12:30 p.m.

PANEL. What is the status of historical and instrumental seismic data and how can it be used for Tsunami and Earthquake Studies. Reference should be made to table of Northern Haiti Earthquake and Tsunami Sources (10 minutes each presentation).

Moderator: Roland La Forge

The Haiti earthquake 2010: 3D dynamic rupture simulation across

IOC Workshop Report, 255 Annex I – page 4

complex faults system – Roby Douilly (Purdue University)

Seismic Network and Data for Haiti, Claude Prepetit (Bureau de Mines)

Developing input for Tsunami Modelling and Earthquake scenarios using Seismic Network Data, Victor Huerfano (PRSN)

12:30 p.m. – 1:30 p.m. Lunch

1:30 p.m. – 2:30 p.m.

WG7. Review table of all sources for earthquake and tsunami modelling for Northern Haiti. Recommendations for future work.

WG8. Review of status of earthquake and tsunami monitoring in Haiti and recommendations

Seismic Monitoring and Earthquake Information for Hispaniola, Eugenio Polanco (ISU-UASD) – This is not a PPT: We expect the author to brief the participants on this topic during the discussions of this WG.

Operation Of The Cuban Seismic Network, Possibility For Real Time Data Exchange (O’Leary Gonzalez Mateo). This is not a PPT: We expect the author to brief the participants on this topic during the discussions of this WG.

2:30 p.m. – 4:00 p.m.

PLENARY. Presentation of Recommendations of WG and final recommendations of meeting. Eric Calais, Chair. [The reporter for each WG would have only 10 minutes to make his/her report]

4:30 p.m. – 5:30 p.m. Committee Technical Report Meeting

IOC Workshop Report, 255 Annex II

ANNEX II

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES

Bakun, W. H., Flores, C. H. and ten Brink, U. 2012. Significant earthquakes on the Enriquillo Fault System, Hispaniola, 1500-2010: Implications for Seismic Hazard. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 102, No.1, pp. 18–30.

Barkan, R., ten Brink, U. and Lin, J., 2009. Far field tsunami simulations of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake: Implications for tsunami hazard to the U.S. East Coast and Caribbean. Marine Geology, Vol. 264, pp. 109–122

Barkan R. and ten Brink, U.S. 2010. Tsunami simulations of the 1867 Virgin Islands earthquake: Constraints on epicenter location and fault parameters. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol.100, No. 3, pp. 995–1009 (doi: 10.1785/0120090211)

Benito Oterino, B., Cervera Bravo, J., Gaspar‐Escribano, Staller Vázquez, A., Martínez Cuevas, S., Rivas Medina, A., Torres Fernández, Y., García Martínez, R., González-Crende, P., Serma Martínez, A. R., Parovel, M., García Castro, R., Belizaire, D., Haendel Dorfeuille, J. M., Pierristal, G., Martínez Díaz, J. J., Córdoba Barba, D., de las Doblas, M., Molina Palacios, S., Navarro Bernal, M., Enomoto, T., Huérfano, V. and Polanco, E., 2012. Evaluation de l’aléa et du risque sismique en Haiti dirigée vers la conception parasismique. PROJET SISMO-HAITI, Rapport Final. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid y Observatoire National de l’Environnement et de la Vulnérabilité de Haïti. http://oa.upm.es/13988/1/Rapport_SISMO-HAITI_fr.pdf

Berninghausen, W. H., 1968. Tsunamis and seismic seiches reported from the Western North and South Atlantic and the coastal waters of Northwestern Europe. Informal Report, No. 68–85. U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office. USA.

Calais, E. and Mercier de Lepinay, B. 1995. Strike-slip tectonic processes in the northern Caribbean between Cuba and Hispaniola (Windward Passage). Marine Geophysical Researches, Vol.17, No.1, pp. 63–95.

Crain, E.E. 1994. Historic architecture in the Caribbean Islands. University Press of Florida. (ISBN 978-0-8130-1293-3)

DeMets, C. and Wiggins-Grandison, W. 2007. Deformation of Jamaica and motion of the Gonâve microplate from GPS and seismic data. Geophysical Journal International, Vol.168, No.1, pp. 362–378.

Frankel, A., Harmsen, S., Mueller, C., Calais, E. and Haase, J. 2010. Documentation for initial seismic hazard maps for Haiti. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1067, pp.12.

Fritz, H. M., Vilmond Hillaire, J., Molière, E., Wei, Y. and Mohammed, F. 2012. Twin Tsunamis Triggered by the 12 January 2010 Haiti Earthquake. Pure and Applied Geophysics, Vol. 170, pp. 1463–1474 (ISSN 0033-4553; DOI 10.1007/s00024-012-0479-3)

Grases, J. 1990. Terremotos destructores del Caribe: 1502-1990. Oficina Regional de Ciencia y Tecnología de la UNESCO para América Latina y el Caribe. Uruguay.

IOC Workshop Report, 255 Annex II – page 2

Harbitz,C.B., Glimsdal S., Bazin S., Zamora N., Løvholt F., Bungum H., Smebye H., Gauer P., Kjekstad O. 2012. Tsunami hazard in the Caribbean: Regional exposure derived from credible worst case scenarios. Continental Shelf Research, Vol.8, pp.1–23, (doi:10.1016/j.csr.2012.02.006)

Heck, N.H. 1947. List of seismic sea waves. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 269–286.

Horrillo, J., López, A., Huérfano, V.and Mercado, A. 2013. Advanced tsunami numerical simulations of the puerto rico october 11, 1918 mona passage tsunami. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. Vol. 45, No. 2, pp.57 (https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2013SE/webprogram/Paper216141.html)

Mann, P., Prentice, C., Burr, G., Peña L. and Taylor F. 1998. Tectonic geomorphology and paleoseismicity of the Septentrional fault system, Dominican Republic., Geological Society of America Special Papers, Vol. 326, pp.63–123.

Milne, J. 1911. Catalogue of Destructive Earthquakes A.D. 7 to A.D.1899. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, pp. 649–740.

O'Loughlin, K. F. and Lander J.F. 2003. Caribbean Tsunamis: A 500-Year History from 1498-1998. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers. (In cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences [CIRES], University of Colorado).

Prentice, C.S., Mann, P. and Peña, L. 2013. Comment on “Historical perspective on seismic hazard to Hispaniola and the northeast Caribbean region” by U. ten Brink et al. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 118, pp. 1–4. (doi:10.1002/jgrb.50170)

Prentice, C. S., P. Mann, Crone A. J., Gold R. D., Hudnut K.W., Briggs R. W., Koehler R. D. and Jean P. 2010. Seismic hazard of the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault in Haiti inferred from palaeoseismology. Nature Geoscience, Vol. 3, pp. 789–793.

Prentice, C. S., Mann P., Peña L. and Burr G. 2003. Slip rate and earthquake recurrence along the central Septentrional fault, North American-Caribbean plate boundary, Dominican Republic. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol.108, Issue B3 (doi:10.1029/2001JB000442)

Prentice, C. S., Mann P., Taylor F. W., Burr G. and Valastro S. Jr. 1993. Paleoseismicity of the North American-Caribbean plate boundary (Septentrional fault), Dominican Republic. Geology, Vol. 21(1), pp. 49–52.

Regional Risk Reduction Initiave. 2012. Provision of services to Caribbean OCT’s Lot 2: Coastal Hazard Analysis. United Nations Development Programme, Barbados & OECS.

Scherer J. 1912. Great earthquakes in the island of Haiti. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 161–180.Symithe, S. J. 2012. Coseismic slip distribution of the 2010 m7.0 Haiti earthquake and resulting stress changes on regional faults. Purdue University Libraries. (http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/dissertations/AAI1529821/)

Taber, S. 1922. The seismic belt of the Greater Antilles. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 199-219.

IOC Workshop Report, 255 Annex II – page 3

Ten Brink, U.S., Bakun W.H. and Flores C.H. 2011. Historical perspective on seismic hazard to Hispaniola and the northeast Caribbean region. Journal of Geophysical Research :Solid Earth, Vol. 106, Issue B12.

Ten Brink U.S., Bakun W.H. and Flores C.H. 2013. Reply to a comment by Carol S. Prentice, Paul Mann,and Luis R. Peña on: “Historical perspective on seismic hazard to Hispaniola and the northeast Caribbean region” by U. ten Brink et al. (2011). Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 118, pp. 1606–1608 (doi:10.1002/jgrb.50147)

Ten Brink, U., Twichell D., Geist E., Chaytor J., Locat J., Lee H., Buczkowski B, Barkan R., Solow A., Andrews B., Parsons T., Lynett P., Lin J., and Sansoucy M. 2008. Evaluation of tsunami sources with the potential to impact the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf coasts. USGS Administrative report to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 300 pp.

Tuttle, M.P., Prentice C.S., Dyer-Williams K., Peña L.R. and Burr G. 2003. Late Holocene Liquefaction Features in the Dominican Republic: A Powerful Tool for Earthquake Hazard Assessment in the northeastern Caribbean, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 93, No. 1, pp.27–46.

Zahibo, N., Pelinovsky, E., Yalciner, A. C., Kurkin, A., Koselkov, A. and Zaitsev, A. 2003. The 1867 Virgin Island Tsunami. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 3, pp.367-376 (doi:10.5194/nhess-3-367-2003)

IOC Workshop Report, 255 Annex III

ANNEX III

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

Mr Bernardo ALIAGA Programme Specialist, Tsunami Unit Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO 1 rue Miollis 75732 Paris cedex 15 France Tel: +33 1 45 68 39 80 Fax: +33 1 45 68 50 10 Email: b.aliaga@unesco.org

Mr Eric CALAIS Ecole Normale Supérieure (France) France Email: ecalais@geologie.ens.fr

Dr Veronica CEDILLOS Project Manager GeoHazards International 10 Haut-du-Cap, Route Nationale #1, Cap-Haitien Haiti Email: cedillos@geohaz.org

Mr Roby DOUILLY Graduate Student Purdue University 550 Stadium Mall Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907 United States of America Email: rdouilly@purdue.edu

Mr Heriberto Antonio FABIAN ESPINAL Enc. Onamet. Aeropuerto Punta cana ONAMET, RD. PUNTO FOCAL, ICG/CARIBE EWS Santo Domingo, Este 1153 República Dominicana Santo Domingo, Este Dominican Republic Tel: 829 932 2318 y 809 613 9623 Fax: 809-597-9842 y 809-688-5303 Email: fabianespinal@gmail.com

Dr. Hermann FRITZ Associate Professor Georgia Institute of Technology School of Civil and Environmental Engineering 210 Technology Circle Savannah Georgia 31407-3039 United States of America Tel: 1-912-966-7947 Email: fritz@gatech.edu

MSc O'Leary Fernando GONZALEZ MATOS Researcher National Center for Seismological Research 90400 Santiago de Cuba Cuba Tel: 53 22 654978 Email: oleary@cenais.cu

Mr Matthew John HORNBACH Southern Methodist University United States of America Email: mhornbach@smu.edu

Mr Roland Charles LAFORGE Associate Geophysicist Fugro Consultants, Inc. 1726 Cole Blvd. Ste. 230 Lakewood CO 80401 United States of America Tel: +1 720-836-4880 Fax: 720-836-4881 Email: r.laforge@fugro.com

Mr Alberto Manuel LOPEZ VENEGAS University of Mayaguez Puerto Rico Email: alberto@prsn.uprm.edu

Ms Garmalia MENTOR Deputy Project Manager GeoHazards International Haiti Email: mentor@geohaz.org

IOC Workshop Report, 255 Annex III – page 2

Prof Aurelio MERCADO Professor/ Marine Advisor, Director Coastal Hazards Center University of Puerto Rico, Department of Marine Sciences. Call Box 900 Physics, Geology and Marine Sci. Building – Office F-420 Mayaguez Puerto Rico 00680 United States of America Tel: (787) 265-5461 Fax: (787) 265-5461 Email: aurelio.mercado@upr.edu

Mr Bernard MERCIER DE LEPINAY CNRS – Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis France Email: bmercier@geoazur.unice.fr

Mr Gerard METAYER Maritime and Navigation Service of Haiti HT 6140 Port-au-Prince Haiti Tel: (509) 3713-5936 Email: gerard_metayer@yahoo.fr

Dr Justin MORESCO , P.E. GeoHazards International 687 Bay Road Menlo Park California CA 94025 United States of America Tel: +1.650.614.9050 Email: moresco@geohaz.org

Prof Emile OKAL Dept. of Geological Sciences Northwestern University Evanston, IL 60208 USA United States of America Tel: +1-847-491-3238 Fax: +1-847-491-8060 Email: emile@earth.northwestern.edu

Mr Luis Ramon PENA LANTIGUA Managing Director Fundación Dominicana para la Gestión de Riesgos (FUNDOGER) Dominican Republic Tel: 1-809-276-1112; 1-809-276-1118; 1-809-706-4898 Email: fundoger@gmail.com

Dr Samira PHILIP-REBAI Conseillère technique en Prévention et Gestion des Risques Naturels UNDP Haiti Haiti Email: samira.philip@undp.org

Lic Eugenio POLANCO RIVERA Director Instituto Sismologico Universitario (ISU) Ciudad Universitaria Santo Domingo Distrito Nacional Dominican Republic Tel: 1809-533-5900 Fax: 1809-532-1023 Email: eugenio.fisico@gmail.com

Ms Carol Seabury PRENTICE U.S. Geological Survey 345 Middlefield Rd. MS 977 Menlo Park United States of America Email: cprentice@usgs.gov

Mr Newdeskarl SAINT FLEUR Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP) France Email: saintfleur@ipgp.fr

Dr Brian TUCKER President GeoHazards International 687 Bay Road Menlo Park California CA 94025 United States of America Tel: +1(650) 614-9050 Email: tucker@geohaz.org

Ms Christa VON HILLEBRANDT-ANDRADE Manager and Researcher NOAA NWS Caribbean Tsunami Warning Program Mayaguez Puerto Rico 00680 United States of America Tel: 1-787-833-8433 Fax: 1-787-265-1684 Email: christa.vonh@noaa.gov

IOC Workshop Report, 255 Annex IV

ANNEX IV

LIST OF ACRONYMS

BME Bureau des Mines et de l’Énergie

CENAIS Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Sismológicas

EPGF Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault

FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency

GPS Global Positioning System

GSC Geological Survey of Canada

IFPEN IFP Énergies nouvelles

ISU Instituto Sismologico Universitario (University Seismolgical Institute)

Mw Moment magnitude

NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission

NTHMP U.S. National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program

PRSMP Puerto Rico Strong Motion Program

PRSN Puerto Rico Seismic Network

SEMANAH Service Maritime et de Navigation d'Haïti

UPMC Université Pierre et Marie Curie

USGS United States Geological Survey

UTC Universal Time Coordinated

UTS Unité technique de sismologie

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E

36 Suppl.

Papers submitted to the IOC/FAO Workshop on the Improved Uses of Research Vessels; Lisbon, 28 May-2 June 1984

E

37 IOC/UNESCO Workshop on Regional Co-operation in Marine Science in the Central Indian Ocean and Adjacent Seas and Gulfs; Colombo, 8-13 July 1985.

E

38 IOC/ROPME/UNEP Symposium on Fate and Fluxes of Oil Pollutants in the Kuwait Action Plan Region; Basrah, Iraq, 8-12 January 1984.

E

39 CCOP (SOPAC)-IOC-IFREMER-ORSTOM Workshop on the Uses of Submersibles and Remotely Operated Vehicles in the South Pacific; Suva, Fiji,

E

No.

Title Languages

24-29 September 1985. 40 IOC Workshop on the Technical

Aspects of Tsunami Analysis, Prediction and Communications; Sidney, B.C., Canada, 29-31 July 1985.

E

40 Suppl.

First International Tsunami Workshop on Tsunami Analysis, Prediction and Communications, Submitted Papers; Sidney, B.C., Canada, 29 July-1 August 1985.

E

41 First Workshop of Participants in the Joint FAO/IOC/WHO/IAEA/UNEP Project on Monitoring of Pollution in the Marine Environment of the West and Central African Region (WACAF/2); Dakar, Senegal, 28 October- 1 November 1985.

E

43 IOC Workshop on the Results of MEDALPEX and Future Oceano-graphic Programmes in the Western Mediterranean; Venice, Italy, 23-25 October 1985.

E

44 IOC-FAO Workshop on Recruitment in Tropical Coastal Demersal Communities; Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, Mexico, 21-25 April 1986.

E (out of stock) S

44 Suppl.

IOC-FAO Workshop on Recruitment in Tropical Coastal Demersal Communities, Submitted Papers; Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, Mexico, 21-25 April 1986.

E

45 IOCARIBE Workshop on Physical Oceanography and Climate; Cartagena, Colombia, 19-22 August 1986.

E

46 Reunión de Trabajo para Desarrollo del Programa "Ciencia Oceánica en Relación a los Recursos No Vivos en la Región del Atlántico Sud-occidental"; Porto Alegre, Brasil, 7-11 de abril de 1986.

S

47 IOC Symposium on Marine Science in the Western Pacific: The Indo-Pacific Convergence; Townsville, 1-6 December 1966

E

48 IOCARIBE Mini-Symposium for the Regional Development of the IOC-UN (OETB) Programme on 'Ocean Science in Relation to Non-Living Resources (OSNLR)'; Havana, Cuba, 4-7 December 1986.

E, S

49 AGU-IOC-WMO-CPPS Chapman Conference: An International Symposium on 'El Niño'; Guayaquil, Ecuador, 27-31 October 1986.

E

50 CCALR-IOC Scientific Seminar on Antarctic Ocean Variability and its Influence on Marine Living Resources, particularly Krill (organized in collaboration with SCAR and SCOR); Paris, France, 2-6 June 1987.

E

51 CCOP/SOPAC-IOC Workshop on Coastal Processes in the South Pacific Island Nations; Lae, Papua-New Guinea, 1-8 October 1987.

E

52 SCOR-IOC-UNESCO Symposium on Vertical Motion in the Equatorial Upper Ocean and its Effects upon Living Resources and the Atmosphere; Paris, France, 6-10 May 1985.

E

53 IOC Workshop on the Biological Effects of Pollutants; Oslo, 11-29 August 1986.

E

54 Workshop on Sea-Level Measurements in Hostile Conditions; Bidston, UK, 28-31 March 1988.

E

55 IBCCA Workshop on Data Sources and Compilation, Boulder, Colorado, 18-19 July 1988.

E

56 IOC-FAO Workshop on Recruitment of Penaeid Prawns in the Indo-West Pacific Region (PREP); Cleveland, Australia, 24-30 July 1988.

E

57 IOC Workshop on International Co-operation in the Study of Red Tides and Ocean Blooms; Takamatsu, Japan, 16-17 November 1987.

E

58 International Workshop on the Technical Aspects of the Tsunami Warning System; Novosibirsk, USSR, 4-5 August 1989.

E

58 Suppl.

Second International Workshop on the Technical Aspects of Tsunami Warning Systems, Tsunami Analysis, Preparedness,

E

No.

Title Languages

Observation and Instrumentation. Submitted Papers; Novosibirsk, USSR, 4-5 August 1989.

59 IOC-UNEP Regional Workshop to Review Priorities for Marine Pollution Monitoring Research, Control and Abatement in the Wider Caribbean; San José, Costa Rica, 24-30 August 1989.

E, F, S

60 IOC Workshop to Define IOCARIBE-TRODERP proposals; Caracas, Venezuela, 12-16 September 1989.

E

61 Second IOC Workshop on the Biological Effects of Pollutants; Bermuda, 10 September- 2 October 1988.

E

62 Second Workshop of Participants in the Joint FAO-IOC-WHO-IAEA-UNEP Project on Monitoring of Pollution in the Marine Environment of the West and Central African Region; Accra, Ghana, 13-17 June 1988.

E

63 IOC/WESTPAC Workshop on Co-operative Study of the Continental Shelf Circulation in the Western Pacific; Bangkok, Thailand, 31 October-3 November 1989.

E

64 Second IOC-FAO Workshop on Recruitment of Penaeid Prawns in the Indo-West Pacific Region (PREP); Phuket, Thailand, 25-31 September 1989.

E

65 Second IOC Workshop on Sardine/Anchovy Recruitment Project (SARP) in the Southwest Atlantic; Montevideo, Uruguay, 21-23 August 1989.

E

66 IOC ad hoc Expert Consultation on Sardine/ Anchovy Recruitment Programme; La Jolla, California, U.S.A., 1989

E

67 Interdisciplinary Seminar on Research Problems in the IOCARIBE Region; Caracas, Venezuela, 28 November- 1 December 1989.

E (out of stock)

68 International Workshop on Marine Acoustics; Beijing, China, 26-30 March 1990.

E

69 IOC-SCAR Workshop on Sea-Level Measurements in the Antarctica; Leningrad, USSR, 28-31 May 1990.

E

69 Suppl.

IOC-SCAR Workshop on Sea-Level Measurements in the Antarctica; Submitted Papers; Leningrad, USSR, 28-31 May 1990.

E

70 IOC-SAREC-UNEP-FAO-IAEA-WHO Workshop on Regional Aspects of Marine Pollution; Mauritius, 29 October - 9 November 1990.

E

71 IOC-FAO Workshop on the Identification of Penaeid Prawn Larvae and Postlarvae; Cleveland, Australia, 23-28 September 1990.

E

72 IOC/WESTPAC Scientific Steering Group Meeting on Co-Operative Study of the Continental Shelf Circulation in the Western Pacific; Kuala Lumpur; Malaysia, 9-11 October 1990.

E

73 Expert Consultation for the IOC Programme on Coastal Ocean Advanced Science and Technology Study; Liège, Belgium, 11-13 May 1991.

E

74 IOC-UNEP Review Meeting on Oceanographic Processes of Transport and Distribution of Pollutants in the Sea; Zagreb, Yugoslavia, 15-18 May 1989.

E

75 IOC-SCOR Workshop on Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics; Solomons, Maryland, U.S.A., 29 April-2 May 1991.

E

76 IOC/WESTPAC Scientific Symposium on Marine Science and Management of Marine Areas of the Western Pacific; Penang, Malaysia, 2-6 December 1991.

E

77 IOC-SAREC-KMFRI Regional Workshop on Causes and Consequences of Sea-Level Changes on the Western Indian Ocean Coasts and Islands; Mombasa, Kenya, 24-28 June 1991.

E

78 IOC-CEC-ICES-WMO-ICSU Ocean Climate Data Workshop Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt, Maryland, U.S.A., 18-21 February 1992.

E

79 IOC/WESTPAC Workshop on River Inputs of Nutrients to the Marine Environment in the WESTPAC Region; Penang, Malaysia, 26-29 November 1991.

E

80 IOC-SCOR Workshop on Programme Development for Harmful Algae Blooms; Newport, U.S.A. 2-3 November 1991.

E

81 Joint IAPSO-IOC Workshop on Sea Level Measurements and Quality Control; Paris, France, 12-13 October 1992.

E

82 BORDOMER 92: International Convention on Rational Use of Coastal Zones. A Preparatory

E

No.

Title Languages

Meeting for the Organization of an International Conference on Coastal Change; Bordeaux, France, 30 September-2 October 1992.

83 IOC Workshop on Donor Collaboration in the Development of Marine Scientific Research Capabilities in the Western Indian Ocean Region; Brussels, Belgium, 12-13 October 1992.

E

84 Workshop on Atlantic Ocean Climate Variability; Moscow, Russian Federation, 13-17 July 1992

E

85 IOC Workshop on Coastal Oceanography in Relation to Integrated Coastal Zone Management; Kona, Hawaii, 1-5 June 1992.

E

86 International Workshop on the Black Sea; Varna, Bulgaria, 30 September – 4 October 1991

E

87 Taller de trabajo sobre efectos biológicos del fenómeno «El Niño» en ecosistemas costeros del Pacífico Sudeste; Santa Cruz, Galápagos, Ecuador, 5-14 de octubre de 1989.

S only (summary in E, F, S)

88 IOC-CEC-ICSU-ICES Regional Workshop for Member States of Eastern and Northern Europe (GODAR Project); Obninsk, Russia, 17-20 May 1993.

E

89 IOC-ICSEM Workshop on Ocean Sciences in Non-Living Resources; Perpignan, France, 15-20 October 1990.

E

90 IOC Seminar on Integrated Coastal Management; New Orleans, U.S.A., 17-18 July 1993.

E

91 Hydroblack’91 CTD Intercalibration Workshop; Woods Hole, U.S.A., 1-10 December 1991.

E

92 Réunion de travail IOCEA-OSNLR sur le Projet « Budgets sédimentaires le long de la côte occidentale d'Afrique » Abidjan, côte d'Ivoire, 26-28 juin 1991.

E

93 IOC-UNEP Workshop on Impacts of Sea-Level Rise due to Global Warming. Dhaka, Bangladesh, 16-19 November 1992.

E

94 BMTC-IOC-POLARMAR International Workshop on Training Requirements in the Field of Eutrophication in Semi-enclosed Seas and Harmful Algal Blooms, Bremerhaven, Germany, 29 September-3 October 1992.

E

95 SAREC-IOC Workshop on Donor Collaboration in the Development of Marine Scientific Research Capabilities in the Western Indian Ocean Region; Brussels, Belgium, 23-25 November 1993.

E

96 IOC-UNEP-WMO-SAREC Planning Workshop on an Integrated Approach to Coastal Erosion, Sea Level Changes and their Impacts; Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania, 17-21 January 1994.

E

96 Suppl.

IOC-UNEP-WMO-SAREC Planning Workshop on an Integrated Approach to Coastal Erosion, Sea Level Changes and their Impacts; Submitted Papers 1. Coastal Erosion; Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania 17-21 January 1994.

E

96 Suppl

IOC-UNEP-WMO-SAREC Planning Workshop on an Integrated Approach to Coastal Erosion, Sea Level Changes and their Impacts; Submitted Papers 2. Sea Level; Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania 17-21 January 1994.

E

97 IOC Workshop on Small Island Oceanography in Relation to Sustainable Economic Development and Coastal Area Management of Small Island Development States; Fort-de-France, Martinique, 8-10 November, 1993.

E

98 CoMSBlack ’92A Physical and Chemical Intercalibration Workshop; Erdemli, Turkey, 15-29 January 1993.

E

99 IOC-SAREC Field Study Exercise on Nutrients in Tropical Marine Waters; Mombasa, Kenya, 5-15 April 1994.

E

100 IOC-SOA-NOAA Regional Workshop for Member States of the Western Pacific - GODAR-II (Global Oceanographic Data Archeology and Rescue Project); Tianjin, China, 8-11 March 1994.

E

101 IOC Regional Science Planning Workshop on Harmful Algal Blooms; Montevideo, Uruguay, 15-17 June 1994.

E

102 First IOC Workshop on Coastal Ocean Advanced Science and Technology Study (COASTS);

E

No.

Title Languages

Liège, Belgium, 5-9 May 1994. 103 IOC Workshop on GIS Applications

in the Coastal Zone Management of Small Island Developing States; Barbados, 20-22 April 1994.

E

104 Workshop on Integrated Coastal Management; Dartmouth, Canada, 19-20 September 1994.

E

105 BORDOMER 95: Conference on Coastal Change; Bordeaux, France, 6-10 February 1995.

E

105 Suppl.

Conference on Coastal Change: Proceedings; Bordeaux, France, 6-10 February 1995

E

106 IOC/WESTPAC Workshop on the Paleographic Map; Bali, Indonesia, 20-21 October 1994.

E

107 IOC-ICSU-NIO-NOAA Regional Workshop for Member States of the Indian Ocean - GODAR-III; Dona Paula, Goa, India, 6-9 December 1994.

E

108 UNESCO-IHP-IOC-IAEA Workshop on Sea-Level Rise and the Multidisciplinary Studies of Environmental Processes in the Caspian Sea Region; Paris, France, 9-12 May 1995.

E

108 Suppl.

UNESCO-IHP-IOC-IAEA Workshop on Sea-Level Rise and the Multidisciplinary Studies of Environmental Processes in the Caspian Sea Region; Submitted Papers; Paris, France, 9-12 May 1995.

E

109 First IOC-UNEP CEPPOL Symposium; San José, Costa Rica, 14-15 April 1993.

E

110 IOC-ICSU-CEC regional Workshop for Member States of the Mediterranean - GODAR-IV (Global Oceanographic Data Archeology and Rescue Project) Foundation for International Studies, University of Malta, Valletta, Malta, 25-28 April 1995.

E

111 Chapman Conference on the Circulation of the Intra-Americas Sea; La Parguera, Puerto Rico, 22-26 January 1995.

E

112 IOC-IAEA-UNEP Group of Experts on Standards and Reference Materials (GESREM) Workshop; Miami, U.S.A., 7-8 December 1993.

E

113 IOC Regional Workshop on Marine Debris and Waste Management in the Gulf of Guinea; Lagos, Nigeria, 14-16 December 1994.

E

114 International Workshop on Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Karachi, Pakistan; 10-14 October 1994.

E

115 IOC/GLOSS-IAPSO Workshop on Sea Level Variability and Southern Ocean Dynamics; Bordeaux, France, 31 January 1995

E

116 IOC/WESTPAC International Scientific Symposium on Sustainability of Marine Environment: Review of the WESTPAC Programme, with Particular Reference to ICAM, Bali, Indonesia, 22-26 November 1994.

E

117 Joint IOC-CIDA-Sida (SAREC) Workshop on the Benefits of Improved Relationships between International Development Agencies, the IOC and other Multilateral Inter-governmental Organizations in the Delivery of Ocean, Marine Affairs and Fisheries Programmes; Sidney B.C., Canada, 26-28 September 1995.

E

118 IOC-UNEP-NOAA-Sea Grant Fourth Caribbean Marine Debris Workshop; La Romana, Santo Domingo, 21-24 August 1995.

E

119 IOC Workshop on Ocean Colour Data Requirements and Utilization; Sydney B.C., Canada, 21-22 September 1995.

E

120 International Training Workshop on Integrated Coastal Management; Tampa, Florida, U.S.A., 15-17 July 1995.

E

121 Atelier régional IOC-CERESCOR sur la gestion intégrée des zones littorales (ICAM), Conakry, Guinée, 18–22 décembre 1995

F

122 IOC-EU-BSH-NOAA-(WDC-A) International Workshop on Oceanographic Biological and Chemical Data Management, Hamburg, Germany, 20-23 May 1996

E

123 Second IOC Regional Science Planning Workshop on Harmful Algal Blooms in South America; Mar del Plata, Argentina, 30 October–1 November 1995.

E, S

124 GLOBEC-IOC-SAHFOS-MBA Workshop on the Analysis of Time Series with Particular Reference to the Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey; Plymouth, U.K.,4-7 May 1993.

E

125 Atelier sous-régional de la COI sur les ressources marines vivantes du Golfe de Guinée ; Cotonou, Bénin, 1-4 juillet 1996.

E

No.

Title Languages

126 IOC-UNEP-PERSGA-ACOPS-IUCN Workshop on Oceanographic Input to Integrated Coastal Zone Management in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 8 October 1995.

E

127 IOC Regional Workshop for Member States of the Caribbean and South America GODAR-V (Global Oceanographic Data Archeology and Rescue Project); Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, 8-11 October 1996.

E

128 Atelier IOC-Banque Mondiale-Sida/SAREC-ONE sur la Gestion Intégrée des Zones Côtières ; Nosy Bé, Madagascar, 14-18 octobre 1996.

E

129 Gas and Fluids in Marine Sediments, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; 27-29 January 1997.

E

130 Atelier régional de la COI sur l’océanographie côtière et la gestion de la zone côtière ;Moroni, RFI des Comores, 16-19 décembre 1996.

E

131 GOOS Coastal Module Planning Workshop; Miami, USA, 24-28 February 1997

E

132 Third IOC-FANSA Workshop; Punta-Arenas, Chile, 28-30 July 1997

S/E

133 Joint IOC-CIESM Training Workshop on Sea-level Observations and Analysis for the Countries of the Mediterranean and Black Seas; Birkenhead, U.K., 16-27 June 1997.

E

134 IOC/WESTPAC-CCOP Workshop on Paleogeographic Mapping (Holocene Optimum); Shanghai, China, 27-29 May 1997.

E

135 Regional Workshop on Integrated Coastal Zone Management; Chabahar, Iran; February 1996.

E

136 IOC Regional Workshop for Member States of Western Africa (GODAR-VI); Accra, Ghana, 22-25 April 1997.

E

137 GOOS Planning Workshop for Living Marine Resources, Dartmouth, USA; 1-5 March 1996.

E

138 Gestión de Sistemas Oceanográficos del Pacífico Oriental; Concepción, Chile, 9-16 de abril de 1996.

S

139 Sistemas Oceanográficos del Atlántico Sudoccidental, Taller, TEMA;Furg, Rio Grande, Brasil, 3-11 de noviembre de 1997

S

140 IOC Workshop on GOOS Capacity Building for the Mediterranean Region; Valletta, Malta, 26-29 November 1997.

E

141 IOC/WESTPAC Workshop on Co-operative Study in the Gulf of Thailand: A Science Plan; Bangkok, Thailand, 25-28 February 1997.

E

142 Pelagic Biogeography ICoPB II. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference. Final Report of SCOR/IOC Working Group 93; Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, 9-14 July 1995.

E

143 Geosphere-biosphere coupling: Carbonate Mud Mounds and Cold Water Reefs; Gent, Belgium, 7–11 February 1998.

E

144 IOC-SOPAC Workshop Report on Pacific Regional Global Ocean Observing Systems; Suva, Fiji, 13-17 February 1998.

E

145 IOC-Black Sea Regional Committee Workshop: ‘Black Sea Fluxes’ Istanbul, Turkey, 10-12 June 1997.

E

146 Taller Internacional sobre Formacíon de Capacidades para el Manejo de las Costas y los Oéanos en le Gran Caribe, La Habana, –Cuba, 7–10 de Julio de 1998 / International Workshop on Management Capacity-Building for Coasts and Oceans in the Wider Caribbean, Havana, Cuba, 7–10 July 1998

S/E

147 IOC-SOA International Training Workshop on the Intregration of Marine Sciences into the Process of Integrated Coastal Management, Dalian, China, 19-24 May 1997.

E

148 IOC/WESTPAC International Scientific Symposium – Role of Ocean Sciences for Sustainable Development Okinawa, Japan, 2-7 February 1998.

E

149 Workshops on Marine Debris & Waste Management in the Gulf of Guinea, 1995-97.

E

150 Primera Sesión del Grupo de Trabajo COI sobre Algas Nocivas en el Caribe y Regiones Adyacentes (IOCARIBE-ANCA)/First Meeting of the IOC Working Group on Harmful Algae in the Caribbean and Adjacent Region (IOCARIBE-ANCA), 29 June – 1 July 1998, Havana, Cuba.

S/E (electronic copy only)

151 Taller Pluridisciplinario TEMA sobre Redes del Gran Caribe en Gestión Integrada de Áreas Costeras Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, 7-12 de septiembre de

S

No.

Title Languages

1998. 152 Workshop on Data for Sustainable

Integrated Coastal Management (SICOM) Maputo, Mozambique, 18-22 July 1998

E

153 IOC/WESTPAC-Sida (SAREC) Workshop on Atmospheric Inputs of Pollutants to the Marine Environment Qingdao, China, 24-26 June 1998

E

154 IOC-Sida-Flanders-SFRI Workshop on Ocean Data Management in the IOCINCWIO Region (ODINEA project) Capetown, South Africa, 30 November-11 December 1998.

E

155 Science of the Mediterranean Sea and its applications UNESCO, Paris 29-31 July 1997

E

156 IOC-LUC-KMFRI Workshop on RECOSCIX-WIO in the Year 2000 and Beyond, Mombasa, Kenya, 12-16 April 1999

E

157 ’98 IOC-KMI International Workshop on Integrated Coastal Management (ICM), Seoul, Republic of Korea 16-18 April 1998

E

158 The IOCARIBE Users and the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) Capacity Building Workshop, San José, Costa Rica, 22-24 April 1999

E

159 Oceanic Fronts and Related Phenomena (Konstantin Fedorov Memorial Symposium) – Proceedings, Pushkin, Russian Federation, 18-22 May 1998

E

160 Under preparation 161 Under preparation 162 Workshop report on the Transports

and Linkages of the Intra-americas Sea (IAS), Cozumel, Mexico, 1-5 November 1997

E

163 Under preparation 164 IOC-Sida-Flanders-MCM Third

Workshop on Ocean Data Management in the IOCINCWIO Region (ODINEA Project), Cape Town, South Africa, 29 November – 11 December 1999

E

165 An African Conference on Sustainable Integrated Management; Proceedings of the Workshops. An Integrated Approach, (PACSICOM), Maputo, Mozambique, 18 –25 July 1998

E, F

166 IOC-SOA International Workshop on Coastal Megacities: Challenges of Growing Urbanization of the World's Coastal Areas; Hangzhou, P.R. China, 27 –30 September 1999

E

167 IOC-Flanders First ODINAFRICA-II Planning Workshop, Dakar, Senegal, 2-4 May 2000

E

168 Geological Processes on European Continental Margins; International Conference and Eight Post-cruise Meeting of the Training-Through-Research Programme, Granada, Spain, 31 January – 3 February 2000

E

169 International Conference on the International Oceanographic Data & Information Exchange in the Western Pacific (IODE-WESTPAC) 1999, ICIWP '99, Langkawi, Malaysia, 1-4 November 1999

E (electronic copy only)

170 IOCARIBE-GODAR-I Cartagenas, Colombia, February 2000

under preparation

171 Ocean Circulation Science derived from the Atlantic, Indian and Arctic Sea Level Networks, Toulouse, France, 10-11 May 1999

E

172 (Under preparation) 173 The Benefits of the Implementation

of the GOOS in the Mediterranean Region, Rabat, Morocco, 1-3 November 1999

E, F

174 IOC-SOPAC Regional Workshop on Coastal Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) for the Pacific Region, Apia, Samoa, 16-17 August 2000

E

175 Geological Processes on Deep-water European Margins, Moscow-Mozhenka, 28 Jan.-2 Feb. 2001

E

176 MedGLOSS Workshop and Coordination Meeting for the Pilot Monitoring Network System of Systematic Sea Level Measurements in the Mediterranean and Black Seas, Haifa, Israel, 15-17 May 2000

E

177 (Under preparation)

178 (Under preparation)

179 (Under preparation)

180 Abstracts of Presentations at Workshops during the 7th session of the IOC Group of Experts on the Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS), Honolulu, USA, 23-27 April 2001

E

181 (Under preparation)

182 (Under preparation) 183 Geosphere/Biosphere/Hydrosphere

Coupling Process, Fluid Escape Structures and Tectonics at Continental Margins and Ocean Ridges, International Conference & Tenth Post-cruise Meeting of the Training-through-Research

E

No.

Title Languages

Programme, Aveiro, Portugal, 30 January-2 February 2002

184 (Under preparation) 185 (Under preparation) 186 (Under preparation) 186 (Under preparation) 187 Geological and Biological

Processes at deep-sea European Margins and Oceanic Basins, Bologna, Italy, 2–6 February 2003

E

188 Proceedings of ‘The Ocean Colour Data’ Symposium, Brussels, Belgium, 25-27 November 2002

E

189 Workshop for the Formulation of a Draft Project on Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), Cartagena, Colombia, 23–25 October 2003 Taller de Formulación de un Anteproyecto de Manejo Costero Integrado (MCI) en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC), Cartagena, Colombia, 23–25 de Octubre de 2003

E F (electronic copy only)

190 First ODINCARSA Planning Workshop for Caribbean Islands, Christchurch, Barbados, 15–18 December 2003

E (electronic copy only)

191 North Atlantic and Labrador Sea Margin Architecture and Sedimentary Processes — International Conference and Twelfth Post-cruise Meeting of the Training-through-research Programme, Copenhagen, Denmark, 29–31 January 2004

E

192 Regional Workshop on Coral Reefs Monitoring and Management in the ROPME Sea Area, Iran I.R., 14–17 December 2003

E (under preparation)

193 Workshop on New Technical Developments in Sea and Land Level Observing Systems, Paris, France, 14–16 October 2003

E (electronic copy only)

194 IOC/ROPME Planning Meeting for the Ocean Data and Information Network for the Central Indian Ocean Region

(under preparation)

195 Workshop on Indicators of Stress in the Marine Benthos, Torregrande-Oristano, Italy, 8–9 October 2004

E

196 International Coordination Meeting for the Development of a Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System for the Indian Ocean within a Global Framework, Paris, France, 3–8 March 2005

E

197 Geosphere-Biosphere Coupling Processes: The TTR Interdisciplinary Approach Towards Studies of the European and North African Margins; International Conference and Post-cruise Meeting of the Training-Through-Research Programme, Morocco, 2-5 February 2005

E

198 Second International Coordination Meeting for the Development of a Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System for the Indian Ocean, Grand Baie, Mauritius, 14–16 April 2005

E

199 International Conference for the Establishment of a Tsunami and Coastal Hazards Warning System for the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions, Mexico, 1–3 June 2005

E

200 Lagoons and Coastal Wetlands in the Global Change Context: Impacts and Management Issues — Proceedings of the International Conference, Venice, 26–28 April 2004 (ICAM Dossier N° 3)

E

201 Geological processes on deep-water European margins - International Conference and 15th Anniversary Post-cruise Meeting of the Training-Through-Research Programme, Moscow/Zvenigorod, Russian Federation, 29 January–4 February 2006

E

202 Proceedings of 'Ocean Biodiversity Informatics': an international conference on marine biodiversity data management Hamburg, Germany, 29 November–1 December 2004

E

203 IOC-Flanders Planning Workshop for the formulation of a regional Pilot Project on Integrated Coastal Area Management in Latin America, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, 16–18 January 2007

E (electronic copy only)

204 Geo-marine Research along European Continental Margins, International Conference and Post-cruise Meeting of the Training-through-research Programme, Bremen, Germany, 29 January–1 February 2007

E

205 IODE/ICAM Workshop on the development of the Caribbean marine atlas (CMA), United Nations House, Bridgetown, Barbados, 8–10 October 2007

E (electronic copy only)

206 IODE/JCOMM Forum on Oceanographic Data Management and Exchange Standards, Ostend, Belgium, 21–25 January 2008

(Under preparation)

207 SCOR/IODE Workshop on Data Publishing, Ostend, Belgium, 17–18 June 2008

(Under preparation)

No.

Title Languages

208 JCOMM Technical Workshop on Wave Measurements from Buoys, New York, USA, 2–3 October 2008 (IOC-WMO publication)

(Under preparation)

209 Collaboration between IOC and OBIS towards the Long-term Management Archival and Accessibility of Ocean Biogeographic Data, Ostend, Belgium, 24–26 November 2008

(Under preparation)

210 Ocean Carbon Observations from Ships of Opportunity and Repeat Hydrographic Sections (IOCCP Reports, 1), Paris, France, 13–15 January 2003

E (electronic copy only)

211 Ocean Surface pCO2 Data Integration and Database Development (IOCCP Reports, 2), Tsukuba, Japan, 14–17 January 2004

E (electronic copy only)

212 International Ocean Carbon Stakeholders' Meeting, Paris, France, 6–7 December 2004

E (electronic copy only)

213 International Repeat Hydrography and Carbon Workshop (IOCCP Reports, 4), Shonan Village, Japan, 14–16 November 2005

E (electronic copy only)

214 Initial Atlantic Ocean Carbon Synthesis Meeting (IOCCP Reports, 5), Laugavatn, Iceland, 28–30 June 2006

E (electronic copy only)

215 Surface Ocean Variability and Vulnerability Workshop (IOCCP Reports, 7), Paris, France, 11–14 April 2007

E (electronic copy only)

216 Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project (SOCAT) 2nd Technical Meeting Report (IOCCP Reports, 9), Paris, France, 16–17 June 2008

E (electronic copy only)

217 Changing Times: An International Ocean Biogeochemical Time-Series Workshop (IOCCP Reports, 11), La Jolla, California, USA, 5–7 November 2008

E (electronic copy only)

218 Second Joint GOSUD/SAMOS Workshop, Seattle, Washington, USA, 10–12 June 2008

E (electronic copy only)

219 International Conference on Marine Data management and Information Systems (IMDIS), Athens, Greece, 31 March–2 April 2008

E

220 Geo-marine Research on the Mediterranean and European-Atlantic Margins. International Conference and TTR-17 Post-cruise Meeting of the Training-through-research Programme, Granada, Spain, 2–5 February 2009

E (electronic copy only)

221 Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project Pacific Regional Workshop, Tsukuba, Japan, 18-20 March, 2009 (IOCCP Report Number 12)

E (electronic copy only)

222 Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project Atlantic and Southern Oceans Regional Meeting, Norwich, UK, 25-26 June, 2009 (IOCCP Report Number 13)

E (electronic copy only)

223 Advisory Workshop on enhancing forecasting capabilities for North Indian Ocean Storm Surges, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), New Delhi, India, 14–17 July 2009

E (electronic copy only)

224 2009 International Nutrients Scale System (INSS) Workshop Report, Paris, France, 10–12 February 2009

E (electronic copy only)

225 Reunión subregional de planificación de ODINCARSA (Red de Datos e Información Oceanográficos para las Regiones del Caribe y América del Sur)/ ODINCARSA (Ocean Data and Information Network for the Caribbean and South America region) Latin America sub-regional Planning Meeting, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Ensenada (México), 7-10 December 2009. 2010

E/S (electronic copy only)

226 OBIS (Ocean Biogeographic Information System) Strategy and Work plan Meeting, IOC Project Office for IODE, Oostende, Belgium, 18–20 November 2009

E (electronic copy only)

227 ODINAFRICA-IV Project Steering Committee, First Session, Ostend, Belgium, 20–22 January 2010. 2010

E (electronic copy only)

228 First IODE Workshop on Quality Control of Chemical Oceanographic Data Collections, Ostend, Belgium, 8–11 February 2010. 2010

E (electronic copy only)

229 Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project Equatorial Pacific, North Pacific, and Indian Ocean Regional Workshop, Tokyo, Japan, 8–11 February 2010. 2010 (IOCCP Report Number 18)

E (electronic copy only)

230 SCOR/IODE/MBLWHOI Library Workshop on Data Publication, Paris, France, 2 April 2010

E (electronic copy only)

231 First ODINAFRICA Coastal and Marine Atlases Planning Meeting, Ostend, Belgium, 12–14 October 2009

E (electronic copy only)

232 Eleventh International Workshop on Wave Hindcasting and Forecasting and Second Coastal Hazard Symposium, Halifax, Canada, 18–23 October 2009

E (electronic copy only)

No.

Title Languages

233 2010 Meeting of the Joint IODE-JCOMM Steering Group on the Global Temperature-Salinity Profile Programme Ostend, Belgium, 5–7 May 2010

E (electronic copy only)

234 Southern and Indian Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) Workshop, CSIRO Marine Laboratories, Hobart, Tasmania 16-18 June 2010

E (electronic copy only)

235 The Caribbean Marine Atlas (CMA) Review and Planning Workshop and Saint Lucia National Coastal Atlas Stakeholder Event, Bay Gardens Inn, Rodney Bay, Saint Lucia, 2–6 August 2010

E (electronic copy only)

236 First Session of the IODE Steering Group for the IODE OceanDataPortal (SG-ODP-I), 20–22 September 2010, Ostend, Belgium

E (electronic copy only)

237. In preparation 238. In preparation 239. In preparation 240. Ocean Biogeographic Information

System (OBIS) Infrastructure Meeting, INCOIS, Hyderabad, India, 2–4 March 2011.

E (electronic copy only)

241. In preparation 242. Integrated Coastal Area

Management (ICAM) Training Workshop for the English Speaking Caribbean States, 16–18 March 2011, Bridgetown, Barbados

E (electronic copy only)

243. In Preparation 244. In Preparation 245. In Preparation 246. In Preparation 247. In Preparation 248. In Preparation 249. In Preparation 250. In Preparation 251 Second Technical Meeting of

Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), Ostend, Belgium, 21–22 June 2012

E (electronic copy only)

252. In Preparation 253. Second IODE Workshop on Quality

Control of Chemical and Biological Oceanographic Data Collections, 22-24 October 2012, IOC Project Office for IODE, Ostend, Belgium

E (electronic copy only)

254. In preparation 255. Earthquake and tsunami hazard in

Northern Haiti: Historical events and potential sources (Meeting of experts)

E (electronic copy only)