Scrapie Program Update

Troy Bigelow, DVMU.S. Department of Agriculture

Animal and Plant Health Inspection ServiceVeterinary Services

National Institute for Animal AgricultureAnnual Conference

April 1, 2014

Veterinary Services

Program Summary

• As of the end of fiscal year (FY) 2013, the percent of cull sheep found positive at slaughter and adjusted for face color was 0.0146 percent. This measure of prevalence has decreased by 90 percent since slaughter surveillance started in FY 2003.

• There was an increase in this measure in FY 2013; however, the change was not statistically meaningful due to sample size.

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Program Summary

• In December, 2013, the National Scrapie Database was transferred into a new platform. We are currently formatting the reports for surveillance data. Therefore, we can only report certain surveillance data through FY 2013.

• We anticipate the reports will be completed in April, 2014.

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* Adjusted to exclude multiple positive animals from the same flock. Does not include Nor98-like scrapie cases. The increase in FY 2013 is not statistically meaningful due to sample size.

0.00%

0.02%

0.04%

0.06%

0.08%

0.10%

0.12%

0.14%

0.16%% Pos '03

% Pos '04

% Pos '05

% Pos '06

% Pos '07

% Pos '08

% Pos '09

% Pos '10

% Pos '11

% Pos '12

% Pos '13

Percent of RSSS Samples that TestedPositive for Classical Scrapie

Weighted by Face ColorFiscal Years 2003 to 2013*

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* Adjusted to exclude multiple positive animals from same flock. Mottled- and white-faced combined. Does not include Nor98-like scrapie cases. The slight increase in FY 2013 is not statistically meaningful due to sample size.

0.0%0.1%0.2%0.3%0.4%0.5%0.6%0.7%0.8%0.9%1.0%

% Pos '03

% Pos '04

% Pos '05

% Pos '06

% Pos '07

% Pos '08

% Pos '09

% Pos '10

% Pos '11

% Pos '12

% Pos '13

Percent of RSSS Samples that Tested Positive for Classical Scrapie

by Face Color, Fiscal Year (2003 – 2013)*

5

WY

WV

WI

WA

VT

VAUT

TX

TN

SD

SC

RI

PA

OR

OK

OH

NY

NV

NM

NJ

NH

NE

ND

NC

MT

MS

MO

MN

MI

ME

MD

MA

LA

KYKS

INIL

ID

IA

HI

GA

FL

DE

CT

COCA

AZ

AR

AK

AL

West

East

States with RSSS collection sites

RSSS Sample Collections FY 2013

177 collection sites in 39 states & sent to 12 laboratories6

Regulatory Scrapie Slaughter SurveillanceNumber of Samples Collected, FY 2013

BY STATE OF COLLECTION

7

Regulatory Scrapie Slaughter SurveillanceNumber of Samples Collected, FY 2013

BY STATE OF TAG ORIGINATION

8

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

FY 12FY 13

Slaughter Surveillance Samples Collectedby Month, Fiscal Years 2012 and 2013

Month

9

Surveillance Samples Collected at Slaughter FY 2003-2013

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

Other Sheep*GoatWhite FaceMottled <1% BlackMottled >1% BlackBlack Face

* Other Sheep: hair sheep, and those with gray, red, brown, or unknown face color.

10

Oct-12

Nov-12

Dec-12

Jan-13

Feb-13

Mar-

13Apr-1

3M

ay-13

Jun-13

Jul-1

3Aug-1

3Se

p-13

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

GoatsSheepTotal

On-Farm Surveillance Testingby Month and Species

FY 2013

11

WY

WV

WI

WA

VT

VA

UT

TX

TN

SD

SC

RI

PA

OR

OK

OH

NY

NV

NM

NJ

NH

NE

ND

NC

MT

MS

MO

MN

MI

ME

MD

MA

LA

KYKS

INIL

ID

IA

HI

GA

FL

DE

CT

CO

CA

AZ

AR

AK

AL≤ 20%

21 - 40%

41 - 60%

61 - 90%

91 - 100%

> 100%

Percent of Sheep Sampling Minimum Achieved in FY 2013

(RSSS and On-farm Surveillance)

12

WY

WV

WI

WA

VT

VA

UT

TX

TN

SD

SC

RI

PA

OR

OK

OH

NY

NV

NM

NJ

NH

NE

ND

NC

MT

MS

MO

MN

MI

ME

MD

MA

LA

KYKS

INIL

ID

IA

HI

GA

FL

DE

CT

CO

CA

AZ

AR

AK

AL≤ 20%

21 - 40%

41 - 60%

61 - 90%

91 - 100%

> 100%

Percent of Recommended Goat Sampling Minimum Achieved in FY 2013

(RSSS and On-farm Surveillance)

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* Through February 28, 2014.

Infected and Source Flocks New Statuses by Year

Fiscal Years 1997 to 2014*

FY '9

8FY

'00

FY '0

2FY

'04

FY '0

6FY

'08

FY '1

0FY

'12

FY '1

4

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

#REF! #REF!

14

WY

WV

WI

WA

VT

VA

UT

TX

TN

SD

SC

RI

PA 1

OR1

OK1

OH2

NY

NV

NM

NJ

NH

NE

ND

NC

MT

MS

MO

MN

MI

ME

MD 1*

MA

LA

KYKS

INIL2

ID

IA2

HI

GA

FL

DE

CT

COCA

AZ1* AR

AK

AL

New source flocks—8New infected flock—3

New Scrapie Infected and Source FlocksFY 2013

* Goat herd 15

WY

WV

WI

WA

VT

VA

UT

TX

TN

SD

SC

RI

PA

OR

OK

OH1

NY

NV

NM

NJ

NH

NE

ND

NC

MT

MS

MO

MN

MI

ME

MA

LA

KYKS

INIL

ID

IA3*

HI

GA

FL

DE

CT

COCA

AZ

AR

AK

AL

New infected flocks—3New source flocks—1*1 flock has sheep and goats

New Scrapie Infected and Source Flocks FY 2014As of February 28, 2014

MD

16

WY

WV

WI

WA

VT

VA

UT

TX

TN

SD

SC

RI

PA

OR1

OK

OH1

NY

NV

NM

NJ

NH

NE

ND

NC

MT

MS

MO

MN

MI

ME

MA

LA

KY KS

INIL1

ID

IA5

HI

GA

FL

DE

CT

COCA

AZ

AR

AK

AL

Open source flocks—4Open infected flocks—4

Scrapie Infected and Source Flocks: Open Statuses

As of February 28, 2014

MD

17

WY

WV

WI

WA

VT

VA

UT

TX

TN

SD

SC

RIPA

OR

OK

OH

NY

NV

NM

NJ

NH

NE

ND

NC

MT

MS

MO

MN

MI

ME

MA

LA

KYKS

INIL

ID

IA

HI

GA

FL

DE

CT

COCA

AZ

AR

AK

AL

Reported by State of ID tag. Collected in FY 2014 and confirmed by March 10, 2014. Field cases include animals removed from infected/source flocks, so State totals often include several animals from the same flock. *All goats.

Scrapie Confirmed Cases in FY 2014 As of February 28, 2014

Type of Scrapie

RSSS Cases

Field Cases

Total

Classical 1 22 23

(Nor98-like) (0) (0) (0)

Total 1 22 23

1/14 MD7*

18

1

WY

WV

WI

WA

VT

VA

UT

TX

TN

SD

SC

RI

PA

OR

OK

OH

NY

NV

NM

NJ

NH

NE

ND

NC

MT

MS

MO

MN

MI

ME

MD – 2

MA

LA

KYKS

INIL

ID

IA

HI

GA

FL

DE

CT

COCA

AR

AK

AL

* Most recent positive goat confirmed in February 2014.

1

5

8

13

13

Scrapie Cases in Goats FY 2002 – FY 2014 As of February 28, 2014

Type of Scrapie

RSSS Cases

Field Cases

Total

Classical 0 41 41

(Nor98-like) (0) (0) (0)

Total 0 41 41

AZ1

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7*

The Complete Monitored category has been eliminated– Complete category participants who wish to stay in the

program have 2 options• Join revised Select category

– No inspections– Submit specified number of animals for scrapie testing

• Join the Export category and grandfather in with up to 5 years time in status

– Must submit all mature found dead animals – If the flock held “Certified” status in the previous program,

APHIS will continue to publish its “Certified” status on our website, in addition to its “Export Monitored” status, for 3 years following the start of the revised program or until it achieves “Export Certified” status, whichever occurs first

Revised SFCP

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Previous SFCP Structure

Selective Monitored

Selective Monitored

Complete Monitored

Complete Monitored Certified

Export Monitored

Export Monitored

Export Certified

94.2% 5.4%0.4%

1,153 Flocks

As of 05/31/2013

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Revised SFCP Structure

Select

Select Monitored

Export

Export Monitored

Export Certified

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SFCP Participating Flocks by Fiscal Year (FY 1997 to FY 2014*)

FY '9

8

FY '0

0

FY '0

2

FY '0

4

FY '0

6

FY '0

8

FY '1

0

FY '1

2

FY '1

4

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Select MonitoredComplete Monitored**Certified**Export MonitoredExport Certified

* As of January 31, 2014.** The Complete Monitored category (including Certified flocks) was

discontinued 06/10/2013. 23

Scrapie Flock Certification Program: Participating FlocksAs of January 31, 2014

Total Enrolled Flocks—439• Export Monitored—190• Export Certified—15• Selective Monitored—234

WY6

WV 2

WI20

WA15

VA3

UT4

TX0

TN-11

SD6

SC15

RI-2PA44

OR16

OK4

OH4

NY7

NV2

NM3

NJ-11NE5

ND1

NC-13

MT5

MS12

MO3

MN6

MI9

ME17

MD-2

MA-7

LA6

KY-15KS6

IN30

IL7

ID10

IA6

HI18

GA16

FL 16

DE-0

CT-11

CO1CA

8

AZ1 AR

1

AK1

AL10

VT15

NH-5

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FY 2014 DocketsProposed rule to revise 9 CFR Parts 54 and 79

• Goal is to publish in FY 2014 – pending OMB review• Major items

– Gives the Administrator authority to relieve requirements for sheep and goats exposed to scrapie types, such as Nor98-like, that do not pose a significant risk of transmission

– Increases flexibility in how investigations can be conducted and allows the epidemiology in a specific flock to be given more consideration in determining flock and animal status

– Adds a genetic-based approach to the regulation– Makes goat ID requirements similar to sheep to facilitate

slaughter surveillance in goats; no changes are planned in the consistent State requirements regarding identification of goats in intrastate commerce

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FY 2014 DocketsProposed rule to revise 9 CFR Parts 54 and 79

• Major items (continued)– Requires States to meet surveillance goals to remain consistent

States– Tightens up the definition of slaughter channels– Expands individual ID requirement to all sexually intact animals

unless moving as a group lot (allows mixed-source groups moving in slaughter channels under 18 months)

– Limits use of tattoos and implants to animals not moving through concentration points for sale and not in slaughter channels

– Establishes recordkeeping requirements similar to current UM&R compliance guidance

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FY 2014 DocketsImport Sheep and Goats

APHIS is drafting a proposed rule for the import of sheep and goats, their embryos, and products, to mitigate risks from scrapie and BSE, which will move the U.S. into closer alignment with OIE guidelines.

27

FY 2014 DocketsImport Sheep and Goats

Current thinking—scrapie mitigations– Breeding animals—use OIE standards (i.e., free

country or free flock); may allow genetically resistant sheep and genetically less susceptible rams until US reaches near 0 prevalence

– Slaughter and feeding for slaughter—use requirements similar to OIE, including requiring an awareness, surveillance and control program, and post entry movement controls to ensure slaughter (similar to the current requirements for Canadian sheep/goats)

28

FY 2014 DocketsImport Sheep and Goats

Current thinking—scrapie mitigations– Embryos—similar to OIE standards with additional

donor testing requirements

– Products – no scrapie restrictions

29

FY 2014 DocketsImport Sheep and Goats

Current thinking—BSE mitigations– Apply prohibitions on processed animal proteins such

as meat-and-bone meal and greaves derived from ruminants (including that from sheep and goats) from countries that are undetermined or controlled risk for BSE, as provided in the BSE comprehensive rule

– Apply same standards to tallow derived from sheep/goats as is applied to tallow derived from cattle

– Relieve restrictions on other products

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NAHMS Sheep Studies

• 3rd national sheep study – 1996, 2001, 2011

• NAHMS studies are developed with the purpose of providing comprehensive U.S. animal health information– related to disease prevention and control, animal

welfare, production, product wholesomeness, environmental considerations, and economic consequences

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22 States represent:70% farms with 1+ ewes85% ewe inventory

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NAHMS 2011 Sheep Study Summary

• Four Descriptive Reports on US sheep industry– Part I: Sheep Management Practices – Part II: Marketing and Death Loss– Part III: Health and Management Practices– Part IV: Changes in Health and Production Practices

1996-2011

• Available at - http://www.aphis.usda.gov/nahms

Questions?

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