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DATA REPORT ON COASTAL WATER QUALITY MONITORING

FOR ITPCL POWER PROJECT (March -2019)

CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF SEA WATER IN

AND AROUND THE ITPCL POWER PROJECT AT PARANGIPETTAI, CUDDALORE DISTRICT

Monthly Report (March -2019)

Submitted by

Dr. P. MURUGESAN Asst. Professor & Principal Investigator

Annamalai University

Research Scholars

Dr. P. Damotharan (Research Associate)

Mr. V. Bharathidasan

Mr. P. Partha Sarathy

Mr. R. Punniyamoorthy

CAS IN MARINE BIOLOGY FACULTY OF MARINE SCIENCES

ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY

Parangipettai, 608502 Tamil Nadu

March-2019


FOR ITPCL POWER PROJECT (March-2019)

CAS IN MARINE BIOLOGY

1 RESULTS OF COASTAL WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS

1.1 Sampling Details

As done during previous months, the seawater quality characteristics were studied by conducting

sampling in and around the ITPCL Power Project at Parangipettai, Cuddalore District both in

low and high tide period. The sampling was carried out during 29.03.19 - 30.03.19 in and around

the proposed sites including the open sea as shown in Fig.1. The sampling stations details like

station code, time, depth and its coordinates are also given in Table 1. Further, water and

sediment samples were collected in the identified locations of the open sea, Vellar and Coleroon

estuaries.

(Source: Google Earth)

Figure 1 Sampling Stations




TABLE 1 Details of sampling Stations

Sl. No. Station Code Time GPS

Coordinates

1 ILFS-2-HT (Dredged soil dumping) 6.40AM 11°31'27.94"N

79°47'50.77"E 2 ILFS-2-LT 2.05PM

3 ILFS-5-HT (Intake) 6.58AM 11°31'13.31"N

79°46'14.37"E 4 ILFS-5-LT 2.28PM

5 ILFS-6-HT (Outfall) 7.15AM 11°30'58.78"N

79°46'59.61"E 6 ILFS-6-LT 2.50PM

7 ILFS-7-HT (North Break Water) 7.30AM 11°31'56.49"N

79°46'52.76"E 8 ILFS-7-LT 3.15PM

9 ILFS-16-HT (Off shore parallel to Mangroves-2) 7.45AM 11o25’29.13"N

79o51’10.08"E 10 ILFS-16-LT 3.40PM

11 ILFS-12-HT (Pichavaram Mangroves extension from

Vellar-2) 8.05AM 11°27'32.11"N

79°47'34.79"E

12 ILFS-12-LT 1.15PM

13 ILFS-14-HT (Pichavaram Mangroves extension from

Coleroon-2) 9.15AM 11°24'23.92"N

79°48'31.59"E

14 ILFS-14-LT 12.30PM

15 ILFS-19-HT (Annan kovil landing center) 8.30AM 11° 30' 15.75"N

79° 46'20.07"E 16 ILFS-19-LT 1.30PM

17 ILFS-21-HT (Pappa canal) 8.45AM 11°28'47.22"N

79°45'12.15"E 18 ILFS-21-LT 1.48PM

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Water and Sediment Sampling

Water samples

The water samples were collected from the selected stations considering tidal influences,

discharge and non-discharge points. Subsurface water samples were collected at a depth of 0.5

meter using Niskin water sampler. For accurate measurements of the in situ properties and




composition of seawater, proper sampling is of utmost importance. It is essential to ensure that

the sampling is contamination free and all the samples were appropriately sub-sampled and

preserved to avoid/minimize changes in the water composition during storage. After sampling,

adequate care was taken for measurements of hydrographic, chemical and biological properties

of sea water in coastal and near-shore waters.

Prior to sampling, the sampler and sampling containers were acid washed with 1N HCl in

the laboratory. Sample bottles were rinsed thoroughly with the water and after that the samples

were collected.

For dissolved oxygen, the samples were fixed by employing Winkler’s reagent on board

vessel itself and after fixing the samples were kept in shade until analysis. Temperature and pH

in water were measured immediately after collection. The water samples were filtred before

analysis. Trace metal samples were collected in acid-washed and pre-cleaned high density

polyethylene (HDPE) bottles. Disposable, clean gloves were used while sampling and handling

samples for trace metals. All samples were kept in a cool condition away from light to avoid

evaporation. All samples (for trace metals) were filtered immediately using 0.22 µM pore size

filter paper and acidify the pH till 2 by adding SUPRAPURE NITRIC ACID and stored in metal

free plastic bags till analysis, so as to avoid contamination.

Sediment samples

Sediment samples were stored in metal free plastic bags for trace metals and in aluminum

foils for organic constituents. These samples were stored in ice boxes for transportation and put

to dry in an electric oven at low temperatures (about 60 degrees C) in clean glass petri-dishes.




Collection of Sediment Samples (Grabs and Corer)

Van Veen Grab with a sampling area of 0.1 m2 was employed as a standard sediment

sampler, since it is (i) an efficient sampler for the range of soft surface sediments encountered in

the near shore area, (ii) reliable and simple to operate and (iii) widely applied, which allows data

comparison with other marine areas.

Preservation and processing of samples

Storage and Preservation of Samples: It should be understood that the concentration of

dissolved constituent is bound to change with time, due to the biological activity of the

microorganisms present in the seawater. Trace quantity are vulnerable to adsorption/desorption

process, therefore, they were analyzed immediately. Where immediate analysis is not possible,

the recommended method include freezing the samples at -80 degree C. A quick note for sample

collection and preservation procedures is given below.

Temperature, Salinity and pH analysis

The physical parameters such as temperature, salinity and pH were measured in-situ in

the field. The subsurface temperature was measured with a mercury thermometer (0.02C

accuracy) and the pH was measured by a calibrated pH pen (pH ep-3 model). Salinity was

estimated using a Hand Refractometer (Atago, Japan). Water samples collected for dissolved

oxygen estimation were transferred carefully to BOD bottles. The DO was immediately fixed

and brought to the laboratory for further analysis.

Preservation and Laboratory Analysis

After collection, the samples were immediately cooled to 4C and then brought to the

laboratory in an insulated thermocool box. In the laboratory, water samples were filtered through




Whatman GF/C filter paper and analysed for organic matter and other nutrients. Unfiltered

samples were used for the estimation of total nitrogen and total phosphorus. All the analyses

were carried out by adopting Standard procedures for samples of aquatic origin. Briefly, the

methodology for each analysis is given below:

Nitrate and Nitrite

The nitrate and nitrite content of samples were analysed by following the methods

described by Strickland and Parsons (1972). The nitrite was estimated from highly coloured azo

dye formed by the addition of N (1-Napthyl) ethylene diamine di hydro-chloride and

sulfanilamide into the solution was then measured at 543 nm in a spectrophotometer. The same

procedure was followed for the estimation of nitrate. For this, nitrate was reduced to nitrite by

passing the sample through copper coated cadmium column. The values are expressed in mol of

Nitrogen/l

Inorganic Phosphate

The single solution mixed reagent procedure developed by Murphy and Riley (1962) was

followed for the estimation of dissolved inorganic phosphate levels in water samples. This

involves the conversion of phosphate into phosphomolybdic acid, which was then reduced to

molybdinum blue color complexes and then the intensity of colour was measured at 882 nm in a

spectrophotometer. The calculated values are expressed in µmol of Phosphorus/l.

Total Phosphorus

The Total Phosphate in samples was estimated by adopting the method described by

Menzel and Corwin (1964). This procedure involves the conversion of organically bound

phosphate into inorganic phosphate by wet oxidation of samples with potassium persulphate in

an Autoclave for 30 min at 15 lbs pressure. The converted inorganic phosphate was then




estimated by using the method described by Murphy and Riley (1962). The subtraction of

original dissolved inorganic phosphate from total phosphate yielded the organic phosphate in the

water sample. The calculated value is expressed in µmol of Phosphorus/l.

Reactive Silicate

The reactive silicate content of water was estimated by following the method of

Strickland and Parsons (1972). In this method, the intensity of blue color formed by silico-

molybdate complex was measured in a Spectrophotometer at 810 nm and the calculated values

are expressed in µmol of Silica/l

Sediment Analysis

For the analysis of textural composition and pH, the air-dried sediment samples were

used as such. For all other analyses of organic matter, sediment samples were ground to fine

powder and dried in an oven at 110C to constant weight for an hour.

Total Organic Carbon

The estimation of total organic carbon in sediment was performed by adopting the

method of El Wakeel and Riley (1956). The procedure involves chromic acid digestion and

subsequent titration against ferrous ammonium sulphate solution in the presence of 1-10 Ferrous

phenonthroline indicator. The values calculated are expressed in mgC/g of sediment.

Heavy Metal Analysis in Water and Sediment Samples

Seawater samples were collected in pre-cleaned polypropylene bottles with 10% nitric

acid and Milli-Q water and acidified till pH ∼1.6 using HNO3 for further metal detection by

using ICP-MS (Søndergaard et al., 2015). Sediment samples were collected with the aid of

cleaned and dried Teflon/stainless steel coated Peterson grab. Sediment samples were transferred




from the Grab to cleaned polyethylene containers using cleaned plastics scoops. The samples

were stored in frozen condition for further analysis. The preserved sediment sub-samples were

dried at 110°C to constant weight for estimation of metals. Dry powdered sediment was gently

heated and digested with Hydrofluoric acid whereby Silica volatizes as Silicon tetra-fluoride.

This is followed by treatment with Nitric acid and Per-chloric acid to destroy the organic matter.

The residue after evaporation of acids was dissolved in 0.1 N HCl and desired metals were

determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS).

Bacteriological Methods

Collection of samples:

Surface water samples were collected in 30ml sterile screw capped bottles for

bacteriological assessment. Enough air space was left in the bottles to allow thorough mixing.

Precautionary measures were taken to avoid contamination through handling. For microbial

assessment in sediment samples, a known quantity of samples was collected from the grab

samples using sterilised spatula. The central portion of the collected sediment was aseptically

transferred into sterile polyethylene bags. All the samples were brought to the laboratory in

portable icebox soon after collection and bacteriological analyses were carried out in the

laboratory at CAS immediately, with necessary dilution.

Enumeration of Total Viable Counts:

TVC was enumerated by adopting the spread plate method using Zobell’s Marine Agar

medium (EA123, Hi-Media, Mumbai). The samples (water and sediment) were diluted using the

sterile sea water and 0.1 ml of the diluted sample was pippeted into the petriplates containing

Zobell’s Marine Agar and it was spread using a ‘L’ shaped glass spreader. The plates after

inoculation were incubated in an inverted position at a temperature of 28+2°C for 24to 48 h. The




colonies were counted and the population density expressed as Colony Forming Unit (CFU) per

ml or g of the sample. The bacterial colonies were picked up from the pertidishes and re-streaked

in appropriate nutrient agar plates thrice before a pure culture was established in agar slants.

Enumeration of Total Coliforms:

Macconkey agar with 0.15% bile salt, crystal violet and NaCl has been recommended in

accordance with USP/Nfxi (1) for the detection, isolation and enumeration of coliforms and

intestinal pathogens in water, dairy products, pharmaceutical preparations, etc. The agar

weighing 51.5 g in 1000 ml distilled water was heated up to the boiling point to dissolve the

medium completely and sterilized by autoclaving at 15 lbs pressure (121°C) for 15 min. suitably

diluted samples were inoculated in the petriplates containing medium and were incubated for 48

h. After incubation, the colonies of E. coli appeared with pink color.

M-FC agar is employed for detection and enumeration Faecal Coliforms by the

membrane filter technique at higher temperature (44.5°C). The agar weighing 52 g was

suspended in 1000 ml of distilled water and heated up to the boiling point to dissolve the

medium completely, 10ml of Rosolic acid (dissolved in 0.2 N NaOH) was added, heated with

frequent agitation and boiled for 1 min. Then the medium was cooled to 50°C. Finally, the

medium was poured into small 60mm plates. Samples filtered by Millipore apparatus using

0.45µm Whatman filter papers were impregnated in the petriplates. After 48 h of incubation, the

colonies of E. coli appeared with blue colour.




Chlorophyll `a':

The samples were filtered through Whatman GF/C filter papers and the chlorophyll was

extracted into 90% acetone. The resulting colored acetone extract was measured in a

spectrophotometer at different wave lengths and the same acetone extracts were acidified and

measured for the phaeo-pigments. The detailed methodology as described in APHA manual

(1989) was followed.

Phytoplankton:

Phytoplankton samples were collected from the surface waters of the study areas by

towing a plankton net (mouth diameter 0.5 m) made of bolting silk (mesh size 20 micron) for

half an hour. These samples were preserved in 5% neutralized formalin and used for qualitative

analysis. For quantitative analysis of phytoplankton, the settling method as described by

Sukhanovo (1978) was adopted. Numerical plankton analysis was carried out using Utermohl's

inverted plankton microscope.

Phytoplankton species was identified using the standard works of Hustedt (1930-1966),

Venkataraman (1939), Cupp (1943), Subramanian (1946), Prescott (1954), Desikachary (1959

and 1987), Hendey (1964), Steidinger and Williams (1970) and Taylor (1976) and Anand et al.

(1986).

Zooplankton:

Zooplankton samples were collected from the surface waters of the study areas by

horizontal towing of plankton net with mouth diameter of 0.35 m, made of bolting silk (No. 70

mesh size 200 µm) for half an hour. After collection, the samples were preserved in 5 - 7%

neutralized formalin and used for quantitative analysis. The zooplankton collected were




identified to the species level using the classical works of Dakin and Colefax (1940), Davis

(1955), Kasthurirangan (1963) and Wickstead (1965) and Damodara Naidu (1981). For

quantitative analysis of zooplankton, a known quantity of water (100 L) was filtered through a

bag net (0.33 mm mesh size) and filtrate was made up to 1 litre in a wide mouthed bottle and

then enumerated using Utermohl’s inverted plankton microscope. The plankton density is

expressed as number of organisms/m3.

Benthic Community:

For benthic organisms, sediment samples were collected using a Van veen Grab which

covered an area of 0.1m2. The wet sediment was sieved with varying mesh sizes for segregating

the organisms. The organisms retained in the sieve were fixed in 5-7% formalin and stained

further with Rose Bengal solution for easy spotting at the time of sorting. After a day or two, the

organisms were sorted into various groups. The number of organisms in each Grab sample was

expressed as number per meter square. According to size, benthic animals are divided into three

groups: (i) macrobenthos (ii) meiobenthos and (iii) microbenthos (Mare, 1942). All the species

were sorted, enumerated and identified to the advanced level possible with the consultation of

available literature. The works of Fauvel (1953), Day (1967) were referred for polychaetes;

Barnes (1980) and Lyla et al. (1999) for crustaceans; Subba Rao et al. (1991) and Ramakrishna

(2003) for molluscs.

1.2. Physico-chemical Parameters

The physico-chemical parameters such as depth, transparency, atmospheric temperature

(AT), water temperature (WT), turbdity, total suspended solids (TSS), pH, salinity, dissolved




oxygen (DO) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were analyzed and the results are given in

Table 2.

TABLE 2 Physio-chemical Characteristics in Water samples collected in various stations of

ITPCL site

Station

Code

Depth

(m)

Transparency

(m)

Turbidity

(NTU)

TSS

(mg/L)

AT

(oC)

WT

(oC)

pH Salinity

(PSU)

DO

(mg/l)

BOD

(mg/l)

ILFS-2-HT 7.0 2.4 2.16 22.46 28.76 27.94 8.16 34.52 6.12 0.94

ILFS-2-LT 6.8 1.8 2.46 23.46 29.54 28.62 8.16 34.48 6.20 0.67

ILFS-5-HT 7.5 2.6 1.42 22.52 28.94 28.22 8.14 34.34 6.06 1.28

ILFS-5-LT 7.2 1.6 1.28 23.42 29.65 28.74 8.14 34.42 6.24 1.02

ILS-6-HT 6.8 2.2 1.14 21.46 29.28 28.45 8.21 34.54 5.98 0.72

ILFS-6-LT 6.4 1.6 1.26 20.48 29.76 28.86 8.20 34.52 6.15 0.64

ILFS-7-HT 6.4 1.0 2.67 21.58 29.46 28.67 8.20 34.63 5.97 1.28

ILFS-7-LT 5.8 0.8 3.87 20.68 30.12 28.76 8.24 34.62 5.98 1.46

ILFS-16-HT 6.2 1.7 2.84 23.64 30.67 29.94 8.22 33.16 6.10 0.87

ILFS-16-LT 5.4 1.5 3.45 25.13 32.42 29.86 8.22 33.18 5.92 1.42

ILFS-12-HT 4.2 1.4 9.46 23.65 31.87 30.68 8.10 32.46 6.24 0.75

ILFS-12-LT 3.8 1.2 10.28 22.52 32.54 30.14 8.14 32.34 6.10 0.94

ILFS-14-HT 2.5 1.0 9.64 22.54 32.18 31.29 8.12 31.26 6.52 1.26

ILFS-14-LT 2.2 0.8 11.28 23.78 32.16 30.64 8.12 31.26 5.78 1.34

ILFS-19-HT 2.0 0.7 12.64 24.87 32.56 31.48 7.98 32.46 6.28 0.64

ILFS-19-LT 1.6 0.6 15.82 23.58 32.28 29.84 7.97 32.48 6.34 0.68

ILFS-21-HT 1.7 1.0 10.29 22.64 31.89 29.84 8.10 30.27 6.02 1.24

ILFS-21-LT 1.4 0.8 14.26 22.48 31.87 29.67 8.12 30.28 5.87 1.37

1.3. Nutrients and Petroleum Hydrocarbon

The parameters like nitrite (NO2-N), nitrate (NO3-N), ammonia (NH3-N), total nitrogen (TN),

inorganic phosphate (IP), Total phosphorus, silicate and Petroleum Hydrocarbon (PHC) were

analyzed and the results are given in Table 3.




TABLE 3 Nutrients and PHC values recorded in various stations of ITPCL site

1.4. Sediment Texture

The results of soil texture and total organic carbon (TOC) analyzed from the sediment samples

are given in Table 4.

TABLE 4 Sediment Texture and Organic Carbon recorded in various stations of ITPCL

site

Station Code Total Organic

Carbon(mgC/g)

Soil Texture (%)

Sand Silt Clay

ILFS-2-HT 1.564 92.685 5.671 1.644

ILFS-2-LT 1.867 93.224 4.124 2.652

ILFS-5-HT 2.631 94.123 3.535 2.342

Station Code SEAWATER NUTRIENTS (µmol/l) PHC

(µg/l) NO2 NO3 NH3 TN IP TP SiO4

ILFS-2-HT 0.231 0.864 0.056 8.945 0.264 1.264 10.264 0.546

ILFS-2-LT 0.328 1.264 0.084 7.684 0.274 2.164 9.645 0.594

ILFS-5-HT 0.164 1.584 0.038 9.164 0.234 1.946 11.264 0.624

ILFS-5-LT 0.315 1.974 0.057 8.645 0.264 2.164 10.264 0.658

ILFS-6-HT 0.134 1.864 0.075 10.264 0.164 2.031 12.635 0.426

ILFS-6-LT 0.152 1.625 0.124 9.867 0.345 2.001 10.821 0.524

ILFS-7-HT 0.128 2.465 0.068 9.845 0.268 2.465 11.264 0.764

ILFS-7-LT 0.132 1.864 0.940 8.946 0.124 1.864 9.684 0.694

ILFS-16-HT 0.254 1.465 0.076 11.364 0.465 1.946 15.642 0.537

ILFS-16-LT 0.098 2.064 0.084 10.264 0.354 3.246 14.264 0.692

ILFS-12-HT 0.134 3.246 0.164 18.624 0.286 4.652 20.314 0.754

ILFS-12-LT 0.564 2.584 0.134 17.534 0.653 3.264 19.652 0.812

ILFS-14-HT 0.497 1.328 0.064 10.264 0.426 1.324 11.264 0.638

ILFS-14-LT 0.235 1.264 0.054 12.564 0.345 1.648 13.264 0.568

ILFS-19-HT 0.182 2.564 0.246 18.465 0.864 3.264 19.642 0.594

ILFS-19-LT 0.121 2.349 0.736 16.524 0.764 4.521 17.634 0.648

ILFS-21-HT 0.168 2.465 0.246 12.345 0.356 3.264 21.536 0.537

ILFS-21-LT 0.164 2.046 0.345 11.264 0.423 2.612 18.642 0.623




ILFS-5-LT 2.461 95.586 2.550 1.864

ILFS-6-HT 2.817 94.213 4.264 1.523

ILFS-6-LT 3.124 93.231 4.427 2.342

ILFS-7-HT 2.647 91.234 7.244 1.522

ILFS-7-LT 2.824 90.457 7.112 2.431

ILFS-16-HT 1.974 90.652 5.501 3.847

ILFS-16-LT 2.064 89.974 5.742 4.284

ILFS-12-HT 3.264 64.512 23.243 12.245

ILFS-12-LT 3.264 63.514 23.143 13.343

ILFS-14-HT 4.652 50.224 25.341 24.435

ILFS-14-LT 5.264 48.632 30.214 21.154

ILFS-19-HT 3.846 62.351 24.413 13.236

ILFS-19-LT 4.354 60.234 32.162 7.604

ILFS-21-HT 3.642 54.632 26.254 19.114

ILFS-21-LT 2.467 53.346 26.342 20.312

1.5. Chlorophyll -a and phaeophytin

Chlorophyll ‘a’ and phaeophytin, which are considered as an index of phytoplankton density,

were analyzed in the samples collected at ITPCL power project site, Parangipettai. The results

are given in Table 5.

TABLE 5 Biological Characteristics Water samples collected in various stations of ITPCL

site

Station

Code

Chlorophyll ‘a’(mg/m3) Phaeophytin (mg/m3)

ILFS-2-HT 1.456 0.647

ILFS-2-LT 1.234 0.567

ILFS-5-HT 1.326 0.864

ILFS-5-LT 1.145 0.764

ILFS-6-HT 1.452 0.634

ILFS-6-LT 1.328 0.587

ILFS-7-HT 1.364 0.263

ILFS-7-LT 1.324 0.346

ILFS-16-HT 1.756 0.726

ILFS-16-LT 1.645 0.468




ILFS-12-HT 1.424 0.548

ILFS-12-LT 1.234 0.469

ILFS-14-HT 1.324 0.679

ILFS-14-LT 1.064 0.468

ILFS-19-HT 2.142 0.764

ILFS-19-LT 1.642 0.728

ILFS-21-HT 0.984 0.563

ILFS-21-LT 0.643 0.484

1.6. Heavy metals in seawater and sediments

The level of heavy metals recorded in seawater and sediments samples in and araound ITPCL

site are given in the Tables 6 and 7.

Table 6: Heavy Metals (µg/l) in Seawater samples collected from various stations of ITPCL

site

Station Code Fe Zn Mn Cd Ni Cr Pb Cu Hg

ILFS-1 34.56 18.62 42.39 1.76 1.89 2.38 3.64 14.82 0.68

ILFS-2 24.52 17.57 40.52 1.67 1.54 2.42 4.12 15.44 0.64

ILFS-3 18.42 20.41 41.28 2.24 2.24 1.54 3.96 16.38 0.57

ILFS-4 18.57 21.53 41.52 1.86 1.76 2.86 4.37 17.82 0.54

ILFS-5 20.31 22.64 43.29 2.56 1.68 1.93 3.84 16.67 0.48

ILFS-12 16.54 18.97 41.27 1.57 1.92 2.12 2.67 15.54 0.43

ILFS-19 13.25 19.62 40.31 2.48 1.82 1.85 2.62 13.49 0.46

ILFS-21 16.38 15.87 39.45 2.24 1.48 2.32 3.16 14.15 0.38

Table 7 Heavy Metals (µg/g) in sediment samples collected from various stations of ITPCL

sites

Station Code Fe Zn Mn Cd Ni Cr Pb Cu Hg

ILFS - 1 1462.2 16.84 68.4 12.54 16.58 10.57 9.46 25.68 0.96

ILFS - 2 1563.4 17.53 74.5 13.44 14.57 11.24 9.34 24.38 0.86

ILFS - 3 1524.0 14.52 65.3 16.27 15.62 10.28 10.28 23.28 0.64

ILFS - 4 1356.4 15.46 58.2 15.28 14.47 11.43 8.94 26.38 0.62

ILFS - 5 1567.5 15.94 54.8 12.39 16.22 11.68 9.27 32.52 0.72

ILFS - 12 1452.8 16.28 60.2 14.62 15.54 10.84 8.67 28.47 0.65

ILFS - 19 1634.5 14.82 68.3 16.24 13.26 9.58 7.58 24.06 0.62

ILFS - 21 1434.6 13..45 72.5 11.24 12.26 9.28 8.26 30.54 0.54




1.7. MICROBIOLOGY

Water samples

The microbial parameters such as Total viable counts (TVC), total coliforms and Streptococcus

faecalis (SF) were analyzed for seawater samples in and around the ITPCL power project site at

Parangipettai. The results are given in Table 8. Similarly, the results of microbial parameters

analysed in sediment samples are given in Table 9.

TABLE 8 Bacterial populations recorded in water samples collected in various station of

ITPCL site

Station Code Total Viable Count (TVC) Total Coliforms (TC) Streptococcus faecalis (SF)

ILFS-2-HT 10×103 7×103 11×103

ILFS-2-LT 11×103 9×103 12×103

ILFS-5-HT 12×103 10×103 14×103

ILFS-5-LT 14×103 12×103 16×103

ILFS-6-HT 12×103 10×103 10×103

ILFS-6-LT 14×103 12×103 12×103

ILFS-7-HT 13×103 14×103 14×103

ILFS-7-LT 15×103 16×103 15×103

ILFS-16-HT 09×104 09×103 07×103

ILFS-16-LT 10×104 10×103 10×103

ILFS-12-HT 18×103 19×103 15×103

ILFS-12-LT 20×103 21×103 17×103

ILFS-14-HT 21×103 22×103 16×103

ILFS-14-LT 24×103 24×103 18×103

ILFS-19-HT 22×103 23×103 16×103

ILFS-19-LT 25×103 25×103 20×103

ILFS-21-HT 19×103 22×103 19×103

ILFS-21-LT 20×103 24×103 22×103




TABLE 9 Bacterial populations recorded in sediment samples collected from various

stations of ITPCL site

Station Code Total Viable Count (TVC) Total Coliforms (TC) Streptococcus faecalis (SF)

ILFS-2-HT 14×103 09×103 13×103

ILFS-2-LT 16×103 10×103 15×103

ILFS-5-HT 18×103 10×103 17×103

ILFS-5-LT 20×103 13×103 19×103

ILFS-6-HT 21×103 14×103 18×103

ILFS-6-LT 22×103 16×103 20×103

ILFS-7-HT 20×103 22×103 10×104

ILFS-7-LT 21×103 24×103 13×103

ILFS-16-HT 22×103 23×103 14×103

ILFS-16-LT 24×103 25×103 15×103

ILFS-12-HT 23×103 20×103 18×103

ILFS-12-LT 25×103 22×103 19×103

ILFS-14-HT 24×103 25×103 20×103

ILFS-14-LT 26×103 26×103 21×103

ILFS-19-HT 27×103 24×103 19×103

ILFS-19-LT 28×103 25×103 21×103

ILFS-21-HT 25×103 24×103 22×103

ILFS-21-LT 27×103 26×103 23×103



1.8 Phytoplankton Density and Diversity

Qualitative and quantitative estimation of the phytoplankton samples were done and the results are given in Tables 10(a) and 10(b). The

population density was recorded from 8003 to 9614 Nos. /L. The minimum density was recorded at station 19 during low tide (Annan kovil

landing center) while maximum was in the open sea (Station ILFS- 5-HT).

TABLE 10 (a) Density of Phytoplankton recorded in various stations of ITPCL Power project site

Sl.No. Name of the Species

Nos./L

ILFS-2-

HT

ILFS-2-

LT

ILFS-5-

HT

ILFS-5-

LT

ILFS-6-

HT

ILFS-6-

LT

ILFS-7-

HT

ILFS-7-

LT

ILFS-16-

HT

ILFS-16-

LT

Bacillariaceae

1 Navicula directa 160 140 150 154 170 150 130 140 144 152

2 N. henneydii 128 120 138 160 146 148 218 150 132 216

3 Nitzschia longissima 134 160 218 126 166 130 * 128 346 128

4 Stephanopyxis palmeriana 246 218 240 216 180 230 176 166 280 268

5 Planktoniella sp. 234 350 * 210 132 210 237 264 171 278

Ceratiaceae

6 Ceratium sp. 154 180 140 170 * 170 * 150 150 170

7 C. furca 128 136 154 118 142 146 160 174 142 132

8 C. lineatum 346 172 182 150 240 142 152 164 140 250

9 C. ranipes 132 138 128 136 148 132 326 276 216 218

Chaetocereae

10 Bacteriastrum sp. 216 216 136 142 128 140 128 142 134 170

11 B. hyalinium 320 * 180 260 230 264 254 270 280 280

12 B. delicatulum 120 118 278 462 280 452 264 472 246 100

13 B. varians 178 232 226 198 * 204 242 194 232 242




14 Chaetoceros sp. 310 264 154 152 * 134 150 144 164 240

15 C. clacitrans 256 172 138 268 250 100 132 82 142 126

16 C. coarctatus 150 126 276 134 242 160 154 160 246 140

17 C. debilis 152 246 170 186 164 138 180 156 160 272

18 C. decipiens 240 260 154 280 160 256 174 164 154 242

19 C. affinis 214 104 218 100 * 138 162 118 218 124

Biddulphoidae

20 Biddulphia sp. 142 108 234 210 142 214 216 * 216 128

21 B. heteroceros 126 360 312 340 434 148 462 130 152 124

22 B. reticulate 174 174 256 154 342 172 176 188 214 156

23 Coscinodisceae

24 Coscinodiscus centralis 166 128 220 126 142 142 130 172 * *

25 C. gigas 174 160 320 142 468 142 142 136 134 130

26 Skeletonema costatum 146 164 140 160 198 * 168 174 138 152

27 S. seudocostatum 178 * 124 140 152 142 186 * 178 196

28 Melosira borreri 180 148 128 140 128 124 128 128 142 132

29 Lauderia borealis 146 136 140 * * * 172 140 148 130

Eucampiinae

30 Eucampia sp. * 130 134 132 382 128 140 132 130 128

31 E. zoodiacus 150 158 564 130 364 156 138 160 140 138

32 Streptotheca thamensis 192 * 288 128 143 126 172 167 164 162

Fragilariaceae

33 Diatoma anceps 264 130 168 128 270 184 136 132 134 *

34 Thalassionema nitzschioides 144 128 * 126 152 170 * * 130 136

35 Thalassiosira punctigera 210 * 146 142 280 140 346 118 170 120

Naviculoideae

36 Gyrosigma acuminatum 178 240 142 258 158 160 138 154 160 156

37 G. balticum * 346 250 352 248 540 240 370 260 234




38 Pleurosigma elongatum 246 218 240 216 180 230 176 166 280 268

39 P. normanii 214 178 182 * 166 142 158 196 160 234

40 Astrionella sp. 148 192 144 190 166 * 150 164 148 182

41 Astrionella glacialis 132 138 128 136 148 132 326 276 216 218

Peridiniaceae

42 Peridinium claudicans 346 218 134 142 130 160 128 118 128 *

43 Protoperidinium oceanicum 124 120 142 132 132 118 118 114 130 110

Prorocentraceae

44 Prorocentrum micans 286 148 130 182 240 120 134 168 140 256

Soleniae

45 Leptocylindrus danicus 130 132 144 234 * 102 136 186 134 178

46 Rhizosolenia alata 182 164 256 462 350 326 286 * 276 280

47 R. styliformis 120 118 278 462 280 452 264 472 246 100

Pyrophacaceae

48 Pyrophacus steinii 310 264 154 152 * 134 150 144 164 240

49 Dinophysis acuta 140 188 128 180 146 132 142 114 128 154

50 D. caudata 240 172 138 66 250 100 132 82 142 126

51 D. puncata 154 136 152 130 234 140 154 136 164 142

Triceratiinae

52 Lithodesmium undulatum 150 126 276 134 242 160 154 160 246 140

53 Odontella mobiliensis 120 140 142 162 142 * 234 128 138 170

Total 9430 8514 9614 9410 9587 8580 9171 8439 9147 8768

* Organisms not present




TABLE 10 (b) Density of Phytoplankton recorded in various stations of ITPCL Power project site


Nos./L

ILFS-12-

HT

ILFS-12-

LT

ILFS-14-

HT

ILFS-14-

LT

ILFS-19-

HT

ILFS-19-

LT

ILFS-21-

HT

ILFS-21-

LT

Bacillariaceae

1 Navicula directa 140 154 160 264 156 134 * 164

2 N. henneydii * 142 136 110 138 326 130 *

3 Nitzschia longissima 146 324 142 128 * 128 142 142

4 Stephanopyxis palmeriana * 170 260 * 132 232 214 146

5 Planktoniella sp. 246 152 283 122 264 164 138 128

Ceratiaceae

6 Ceratium sp. 140 * 150 164 * 160 152 140

7 C. furca 128 130 136 180 144 110 122 172

8 C. lineatum * 152 142 164 164 246 264 140

9 C. ranipes 324 140 150 264 146 210 142 146

Chaetocereae

10 Bacteriastrum sp. 130 158 132 138 142 130 132 136

11 B. hyalinium 240 246 530 * 156 240 * 283

12 B. delicatulum 276 164 154 450 188 104 240 *

13 B. varians 204 148 148 324 164 198 178 *

14 Chaetoceros sp. 250 128 282 142 100 142 266 138

15 C. clacitrans 264 140 264 64 156 128 214 112

16 C. coarctatus 240 164 285 140 468 138 216 196

17 C. debilis 182 154 140 142 164 246 164 154




18 C. decipiens 196 240 * 182 128 250 264 242

19 C. affinis 187 * 128 120 * * 126 142

Biddulphoidae

20 Biddulphia sp. 214 350 138 122 180 144 354 146

21 B. heteroceros * 150 118 320 282 128 142 140

22 B. reticulate 426 158 136 140 148 164 166 146

23 Coscinodisceae

24 Coscinodiscus centralis 126 460 128 130 340 100 150 148

25 C. gigas 175 * 126 154 140 184 140 128

26 Skeletonema costatum 148 180 150 168 134 150 138 *

27 S. seudocostatum 244 140 148 * 118 184 178 148

28 Melosira borreri 126 * 154 150 196 110 * 152

29 Lauderia borealis 156 248 * 140 120 128 120 156

Eucampiinae

30 Eucampia sp. 264 126 140 140 180 134 264 118

31 E. zoodiacus 158 * 132 136 136 140 * 152

32 Streptotheca thamensis 180 324 * * 154 138 142 120

Fragilariaceae

33 Diatoma anceps 144 166 142 142 242 136 156 *

34 Thalassionema nitzschioides 140 124 144 181 310 * 133 294

35 Thalassiosira punctigera * 136 158 126 156 132 126 148

Naviculoideae

36 Gyrosigma acuminatum 320 140 150 244 116 172 178 248

37 G. balticum 246 * 214 380 186 252 234 526

38 Pleurosigma elongatum * 170 260 * 132 232 214 264

39 P. normanii 188 174 268 128 276 166 176 162

40 Astrionella sp. 168 150 157 168 * 256 166 140

41 Astrionella glacialis 324 140 150 264 146 210 142 146




Peridiniaceae

42 Peridinium claudicans 142 146 128 178 130 152 114 214

43 Protoperidinium oceanicum 156 106 140 138 162 110 * 164

Prorocentraceae

44 Prorocentrum micans 182 160 158 154 272 256 140 186

Soleniae

45 Leptocylindrus danicus 140 * 160 153 152 152 138 156

46 Rhizosolenia alata 142 159 254 450 180 260 142 342

47 R. styliformis 276 164 154 450 188 104 240 *

Pyrophacaceae

48 Pyrophacus steinii 250 128 282 142 100 142 266 138

49 Dinophysis acuta * 218 214 120 320 174 170 142

50 D. caudata 264 140 264 64 156 128 214 112

51 D. puncata 140 160 124 117 247 160 160 150

Triceratiinae

52 Lithodesmium undulatum 240 164 285 140 468 138 216 196

53 Odontella mobiliensis 340 216 214 144 * 164 214 187

Total 9312 8003 9012 8581 8877 8486 8437 8050

*Organisms not present




1.9. Zooplankton Density and Diversity

As done for phytoplankton, Zooplankton density were studied in the coastal waters of ITPCL power project site at Parangipettai, and the observed

results are given in Tables 11(a) and 11(b). The population density varied from 7137 to 7915 Nos./m3. The minimum density was recorded at

station 19 (Annan kovil landing center) in low tide and maximum was in the open sea (station ILFS-16-HT).

TABLE 11(a) Density of Zooplankton species recorded in various stations of ITPCL Power project site


Nos/m3

ILFS-2-

HT

ILFS-2-

LT

ILFS-5-

HT

ILFS-5-

LT

ILFS-6-

HT

ILFS-6-

LT

ILFS-7-

HT

ILFS-7-

LT

ILFS-16-

HT

ILFS-

16-LT

Protozoans

1 Ammonia beccarii 154 136 142 128 * 130 135 * 160 252

2 Radiolaria sp. * 147 184 164 150 * 140 134 140 128

3 Globigerina sp. 148 * 164 * 311 134 * 170 221 *

Annelida

4 Polychaete larvae 240 164 146 150 214 230 140 256 * 282

Calanoid Copepod

5 Acartia sp. 164 160 240 286 122 142 224 142 174 148

6 A. centrura 160 140 154 264 140 150 164 154 130 144

7 A. clausi 128 120 160 110 150 148 * 142 218 132

8 A. southwelli 134 160 126 128 128 130 142 114 * 162

9 A. sewelli * 152 115 122 * 210 128 152 237 171

10 Acrocalanus sp. 154 180 * 164 150 * 140 * * 150

11 Calanopia sp. 128 136 118 * 174 146 172 130 160 142

12 Calanopia minor 241 * 150 164 164 142 140 152 152 140

13 Calanus sp. 216 216 142 138 142 140 136 158 128 134

14 Candacia sp. * 114 260 * 270 * 283 246 254 *

15 Centropages sp. 178 232 * 114 * 204 * 148 242 232

16 Euchaeta sp. 130 160 184 134 140 130 150 * 242 256




17 Labidocera sp. 156 204 * 136 134 144 148 152 164 152

18 L. acuta 140 124 120 132 138 114 182 148 190 168

19 Nannocalanus minor 132 * 130 154 122 * 138 144 128 142

20 Paracalanus parvus 150 146 154 174 164 172 158 148 164 170

21 Pontella sp. 130 * 142 130 130 * 114 * 124 *

22 P. securifer 124 152 128 * 132 130 128 128 124 126

23 P. danae 164 176 * 176 150 180 170 160 180 *

24 Rhincalanus sp. 164 * 162 150 * 182 148 * 130 152

25 Temora turbinata 140 130 156 122 140 132 110 134 128 *

26 Tortanuus barbatus * 142 144 * 134 * 154 188 122 164

Harpacticoid copepod

27 Clytmnestra scutellata 154 * 218 128 124 152 * 118 128 128

28 Euterpina acutifrons * 114 * 150 140 * 128 150 144 132

29 Longipedia sp. 148 156 128 130 142 134 128 126 110 *

30 L. weberi * 116 * 240 * 264 218 * 216 128

31 Macrosetella sp. 248 154 242 126 158 128 138 148 130 170

32 Metis jousseaumei 234 * 256 * 134 * 126 110 114 126

33 Microsetella sp. * 178 152 176 * 142 165 136 * 178

34 M. rosea 154 172 * 174 164 156 * 140 132 138

Cyclopoid copepod

35 Bomolochus sp. 140 188 * 188 216 210 167 174 186 155

36 Corycaeus sp. 154 214 176 * 162 154 212 * 116 244

37 C. catus 124 126 214 130 250 * 266 142 * 164

38 C. danae 264 120 * 124 * 234 146 132 123 134

39 Oithona sp. * 178 164 * 122 180 310 163 173 *

40 O. linearis 142 * 130 142 * 146 * 140 * 180

41 O. similis 124 236 214 128 264 * 216 132 433 194

42 O. spinirostris 128 * 164 * 214 236 * 120 154 168

Rotatoria

43 Brachionus sp. 164 * 140 218 216 * 126 140 234 *




44 Keratella sp. 136 148 156 128 104 122 * 264 142 173

45 Monostyla sp. 126 102 * 138 132 172 154 132 * 142

Spirotrichea

46 Dictyocysta sp. 152 196 254 * 156 * 216 134 * 138

47 Codonellopsis ostenfeldii 138 246 * 242 * 214 * * 128 *

48 T. beroidea * 124 150 * 164 132 164 132 152 192

49 T. brindle 164 * 276 256 * 152 * 142 * 231

50 T. butzschi 124 134 128 164 162 * 246 236 117 *

51 T. cylindrica 254 124 146 122 286 144 224 * 128 152

52 T. minuta 134 134 168 * 108 110 * 130 146 *

53 T. mortensenii * 128 126 114 * 156 * 114 128 164

Coelentrate

54 Diphysis sp. 216 216 * 216 204 * 150 164 143 142

Decapoda

55 Lucifer hanseni 234 126 154 126 110 106 120 110 * 144

Crustacean larval forms

56 Barnacle nauplii 124 * 120 * 116 124 156 * 148 138

57 Mysis larvae 164 142 148 160 122 118 188 136 140 164

58 Ophiothrix larvae * 154 * 265 * 218 124 * 128 278

59 Ophiopluteus larvae 274 * 214 216 220 216 * 164 110 *

Total 7893 7217 7659 7441 7689 7210 7632 7229 7915 7844

*Organisms. not present




TABLE 11(b) Density of Zooplankton species recorded in various stations of ITPCL Power project site


Nos/m3

ILFS-12-

HT

ILFS-12-

LT

ILFS-14-

HT

ILFS-14-

LT

ILFS-19-

HT

ILFS-19-

LT

ILFS-21-

HT

ILFS-21-

LT

Protozoans

1 Ammonia beccarii 250 188 324 246 210 142 128 142

2 Radiolaria sp. 136 140 * 140 160 140 150 *

3 Globigerina sp. 192 * 242 * 140 232 180 162

Annelida

4 Polychaete larvae 257 183 230 246 132 164 240 282

Calanoid Copepod

5 Acartia sp. 128 232 * 198 342 118 434 144

6 A. centrura 150 160 170 140 * * 134 152

7 A. clausi 138 136 146 * 130 138 * 216

8 A. southwelli 218 142 166 146 142 * 128 128

9 A. sewelli * 128 132 * 138 264 164 *

10 Acrocalanus sp. 140 150 * 140 152 * 160 170

11 Calanopia sp. 154 136 142 128 122 144 110 132

12 Calanopia minor 182 142 240 * 264 164 * 250

13 Calanus sp. 136 132 128 130 132 142 130 170

14 Candacia sp. 150 140 230 * * 156 240 *

15 Centropages sp. 226 148 * 204 178 * 198 242

16 Euchaeta sp. 256 * 148 182 154 158 168 120

17 Labidocera sp. 178 130 132 * 153 150 * 102

18 L. acuta 164 * 230 162 130 140 120 116

19 Nannocalanus minor 108 210 * 128 142 * 136 *

20 Paracalanus parvus 160 152 172 176 * 150 * 176

21 Pontella sp. 128 126 * 128 142 148 132 154

22 P. securifer * 110 168 118 148 140 150 128




23 P. danae 184 164 124 * 158 172 * 280

24 Rhincalanus sp. 168 * 140 150 148 * 152 *

25 Temora turbinata 130 132 134 140 128 254 126 136

26 Tortanuus barbatus * 124 * 174 126 178 * 128

Harpacticoid copepod

27 Clytmnestra scutellata 142 128 124 126 134 * * 124

28 Euterpina acutifrons 134 152 136 144 128 134 162 124

29 Longipedia sp. 140 * 130 * * 142 126 *

30 L. weberi * 120 * 176 264 * 138 268

31 Macrosetella sp. 165 143 250 * 242 264 * 122

32 Metis jousseaumei 140 130 136 160 142 154 138 110

33 Microsetella sp. * 192 * 134 * 128 160 *

34 M. rosea 158 144 138 * 212 * 264 130

Cyclopoid copepod

35 Bomolochus sp. 194 143 241 126 * 148 168 *

36 Corycaeus sp. * 298 133 178 217 128 * 216

37 C. catus 128 141 * 124 122 166 180 *

38 C. danae * 142 228 140 * 171 * 138

39 Oithona sp. 134 * 154 142 * 176 128 *

40 O. linearis 170 164 210 246 184 146 192 230

41 O. similis * 164 * 340 * 128 * 156

42 O. spinirostris 164 * 214 110 142 * 276 242

Rotatoria

43 Brachionus sp. 158 176 * 116 131 164 214 *

44 Keratella sp. * 156 148 124 * 210 120 126

45 Monostyla sp. 246 158 144 191 168 172 * 118

Spirotrichea

46 Dictyocysta sp. 274 256 131 118 142 134 124 *

47 Codonellopsis ostenfeldii 242 * 183 110 106 * 146 148

48 T. beroidea * 156 134 150 * 142 * 214




49 T. brindle 164 * 184 * 218 * 112 *

50 T. butzschi 230 142 124 182 206 156 258 114

51 T. cylindrica * 110 * 181 * 118 * 242

52 T. minuta 150 136 134 142 138 132 128 116

53 T. mortensenii 152 140 132 106 142 * 120 110

Coelentrate

54 Diphysis sp. * 158 * 140 156 172 154 186

Decapoda

55 Lucifer hanseni 138 126 126 * 128 120 164 *

Crustacean larval forms

56 Barnacle nauplii * 132 148 142 160 150 144 124

57 Mysis larvae 132 * 155 * 162 148 150 162

58 Ophiothrix larvae * 244 * 128 * 140 * 124

59 Ophiopluteus larvae 118 * 126 142 260 * 220 *

Total 7606 7456 7361 7194 7575 7137 7366 7174





2.0. Macro benthos Density and Diversity

Macrobenthos density and species diversity recorded in various stations of ITPCL power project site at Parangipettai are given in

Tables 12(a) and 12(b).

TABLE 12(a) Density and Diversity of Macrobenthos recorded in various stations of ITPCL Power project site


Nos/m2

ILFS-2-

HT

ILFS-2-

LT

ILFS-5-

HT

ILFS-5-

LT

ILFS-6-

HT

ILFS-6-

LT

ILFS-7-

HT

ILFS-7-

LT

ILFS-16-

HT

ILFS-16-

LT

Polychaetes

1 Ampharete acutifrons 25 75 50 50 50 50 25 25 50 50

2 Boccardia polybranchia 25 25 25 75 50 50 75 50 75 25

3 Dorvillea rudolphi 25 * 50 25 25 25 50 * 50 50

4 Chone collaris 25 50 75 50 50 25 25 25 25 75

5 C. filicaudata 125 50 75 75 75 25 50 50 50 50

6 Cirratulus chrysoderma 50 75 25 25 50 * * 25 75 25

7 C. cirratus 75 25 50 50 25 50 50 25 50 50

8 Cirriformia sp. 25 50 75 75 50 25 25 25 125 *

9 Cossura coasta 50 25 25 25 75 50 25 * 50 50

10 Diopatra sp. 25 25 25 25 50 50 25 75 75 75

11 Euchone rosea 50 50 25 50 75 75 25 25 25 25

12 Euclymene lumbricoides 50 * 50 50 75 75 25 * 50 50

13 Eunice sp. 25 75 25 50 50 50 50 25 50 25

14 Exogone clavator 100 50 75 25 50 25 75 50 75 50

15 Glycera benguellana 25 25 50 50 25 50 50 50 50 50

16 Goniada emerita 50 50 25 75 50 75 25 25 25 50

17 Nephtys dibranchis 25 75 50 25 50 50 25 75 75 50

18 Nereis sp. 50 50 50 25 50 50 50 50 50 25




19 Notomastus aberans 100 50 50 50 25 50 50 25 * 25

20 N. faveli 50 25 50 50 50 75 75 25 25 25

21 Onuphis eremita 50 50 25 * 75 75 * 75 25 75

22 O. gracilis 25 25 50 * 50 50 25 75 75 25

23 Owenia fusiformis 50 25 100 50 25 25 25 25 25 25

24 Pisione africana 25 25 75 50 25 * 25 50 50 25

25 Pista cristata 100 75 50 50 25 50 50 * 50 50

26 Prionospio cirrifera 50 25 50 25 * 50 75 25 50 50

27 Pygospio elegans 50 75 50 25 75 75 * 25 50 50

28 Syllis gracilis 50 25 75 * 25 50 50 50 100 25

29 Terebellides stroemi 75 25 25 25 25 25 25 50 50 50

Crustaceans

1 Ampithoe rubricata 75 25 25 25 25 25 50 50 * 75

2 Campylaspis sp. 50 50 25 75 50 50 75 75 25 25

3 Copepod nauplii 75 75 50 50 50 25 25 25 75 75

4 Nannastacus sp. 50 25 75 25 75 50 50 75 25 25

5 Penaeid shrimp larvae 25 50 50 50 * 75 25 50 50 50

Bivalves

1 Cardium veligers 50 50 50 * 50 75 75 75 25 25

2 Crassostrea madrasensis 25 50 25 50 25 25 100 50 * 50

3 Donax scortum 50 75 100 25 75 50 50 * 50 25

4 Limopsidea sp. 75 25 50 50 50 25 75 75 25 25

5 Perna viridis * 75 75 75 75 50 25 25 50 25

Gastropods

1 Cerithedia cingulata 25 25 * 50 50 50 50 75 75 75

2 Nassarius stollatus 50 75 25 25 75 25 25 25 75 25

3 Natica didyma 75 50 50 50 * 50 50 50 25 75

4 Turritella attenuata 25 25 75 75 50 25 75 25 50 25

5 Umbonium vestiarium 50 50 25 75 25 * 25 50 50 50

Total 2150 1925 2125 1850 2000 1925 1850 1750 2125 1850





TABLE 12(b) Density and Diversity of Macrobenthos recorded in various stations of ITPCL Power project site


Nos/m2

ILFS-12-

HT

ILFS-12-

LT

ILFS-14-

HT

ILFS-14-

LT

ILFS-19-

HT

ILFS-19-

LT

ILFS-21-

HT

ILFS-21-

LT

Polychaetes

1 Ampharete acutifrons 25 25 * 25 25 50 50 50

2 Boccardia polybranchia 50 25 25 25 75 * 75 75

3 Dorvillea rudolphi 75 75 50 25 50 50 25 25

4 Chone collaris 50 25 25 125 25 75 50 50

5 C. filicaudata 25 25 50 25 50 25 75 *

6 Cirratulus chrysoderma 50 25 75 50 50 25 25 25

7 C. cirratus 75 25 50 75 50 50 25 25

8 Cirriformia sp. 50 * 25 25 25 50 75 25

9 Cossura coasta 25 25 50 50 50 50 50 50

10 Diopatra sp. 50 25 * 25 50 75 50 50

11 Euchone rosea 75 25 50 50 75 50 50 50

12 Euclymene lumbricoides 50 25 50 50 50 50 25 50

13 Eunice sp. 25 50 25 25 50 25 * 25

14 Exogone clavator 50 75 * 50 25 50 50 50

15 Glycera benguellana 75 50 75 25 50 50 75 75

16 Goniada emerita 75 75 50 50 25 25 25 25

17 Nephtys dibranchis 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25

18 Nereis sp. 25 25 50 150 25 50 * 25

19 Notomastus aberans 50 25 25 50 50 50 25 75




20 N. faveli 50 25 25 25 75 75 100 25

21 Onuphis eremita 25 50 25 100 * 50 50 50

22 O. gracilis 25 25 75 * 75 * 75 50

23 Owenia fusiformis 50 25 25 25 25 50 25 50

24 Pisione africana 75 50 50 50 50 25 100 25

25 Pista cristata 25 50 25 75 50 50 50 75

26 Prionospio cirrifera 50 25 50 50 50 25 50 25

27 Pygospio elegans 25 25 * 50 50 75 75 75

28 Syllis gracilis 50 50 25 25 25 25 50 50

29 Terebellides stroemi 25 50 75 50 * 75 50 *

Crustaceans

1 Ampithoe rubricata 75 75 75 75 75 75 25 50

2 Campylaspis sp. 25 50 25 * 25 50 50 75

3 Copepod nauplii 25 25 25 75 75 75 50 75

4 Nannastacus sp. 50 50 50 25 25 50 * 25

5 Penaeid shrimp larvae 75 * 75 50 50 25 25 50

Bivalves

1 Cardium veligers 50 75 25 50 * 75 75 50

2 Crassostrea madrasensis * 50 50 75 75 25 25 25

3 Donax scortum 25 25 25 25 50 50 * 25

4 Limopsidea sp. 75 50 50 50 75 25 25 50

5 Perna viridis 25 75 50 25 25 50 50 75

Gastropods

1 Cerithedia cingulata 25 50 50 50 25 25 50 *

2 Nassarius stollatus 25 75 25 25 50 75 25 75

3 Natica didyma 25 25 * 50 75 25 75 25

4 Turritella attenuata 25 50 75 75 25 50 50 50

5 Umbonium vestiarium 25 25 50 50 50 25 25 25

Total 1875 1725 1725 2075 1925 1975 1950 1875





2.1. Meiobenthos Density and Diversity

Meiobenthos density and species diversity recorded in various stations of ITPCL power project site at Parangipettai are given in

Tables 13(a) and 13(b).

TABLE 13(a) Density and Diversity of Meiobenthos recorded in various stations of ITPCL Power project site


Nos/10cm2

ILFS-2-

HT

ILFS-2-

LT

ILFS-5-

HT

ILFS-5-

LT

ILFS-6-

HT

ILFS-6-

LT

ILFS-7-

HT

ILFS-7-

LT

ILFS-16-

HT

ILFS-16-

LT

Nematodes

1 Draconema cephalatum 14 8 13 11 4 4 7 2 14 4

2 Daptonema conicum 8 5 9 5 * 13 4 5 4 4

3 Desmodora sp. 12 11 9 9 12 2 12 10 10 10

4 Desmoscolex sp. * 13 * * 4 4 7 6 9 7

5 Neochromadora craspedota 6 7 10 12 7 10 8 5 7 12

6 Oxystomina clavicauda 6 10 9 8 4 5 4 2 12 *

7 Paralinhomoeus sp. 10 14 15 4 4 8 13 6 4 2

8 Pselionema sp. 6 * 7 2 4 2 7 * 6 10

9 Quadricoma sp. 6 12 8 4 6 14 6 * 10 9

Foraminiferans

1 Ammonia beccarii 8 9 14 8 8 8 6 6 6 4

2 A. tepida 13 8 9 15 13 8 7 9 5 7

3 Asterorotalia pulchella 15 12 9 7 15 10 5 14 7 8

4 Bolivina tortuosa 13 7 9 10 8 7 9 10 18 12

5 Globigerina rotundata 8 * 4 9 11 13 14 4 2 5




6 G. sacculifer 13 5 7 * 10 5 9 4 6 8

7 Elphidium sp. 7 7 12 7 12 7 7 10 5 4

8 Eponides repandus 15 6 * 15 8 6 12 5 2 4

9 Lagena marginata * 9 11 5 8 12 10 5 9 13

10 L. quadrata 6 8 12 6 6 4 6 12 6 6

11 L. semistriata 10 8 7 7 10 6 6 8 9 7

12 Nonion depressulus * * 9 10 9 * 6 5 14 6

13 Quinqueloculina sp. 6 7 5 10 10 3 10 7 6 7

14 Spiroloculina sp. 2 6 5 * 6 7 7 5 8 19

Ostrocodes

1 Cushmanidea sp. * 9 11 5 8 12 10 5 9 13

2 Cyprideis lengae 13 3 10 7 3 6 4 10 8 6

3 Cytheromorpha fuscata 6 7 * 8 6 9 15 8 5 2

4 Leguminocythereis sp. 16 * 8 * 6 * 5 11 9 8

Harpacticoids

1 Diarthrodes sp. 8 4 9 7 7 * 8 8 4 *

2 Euterpina acutifrons * 10 14 * 13 8 7 11 4 2

3 Harpacticus chelifer 11 6 4 4 4 15 * 6 * 5

4 Paramesochra dubia * 13 9 10 * 6 12 12 8 5

5 Tisbe furcata 10 * 9 15 9 * 9 7 9 12

Total 248 224 267 220 235 214 252 218 235 221





TABLE 13(b) Density and Diversity of Meiobenthos recorded in various stations of ITPCL Power project site


Nos/10cm2

ILFS-12-

HT

ILFS-12-

LT

ILFS-14-

HT

ILFS-14-

LT

ILFS-19-

HT

ILFS-19-

LT

ILFS-21-

HT

ILFS-21-

LT

Nematodes

1 Draconema cephalatum 10 * 9 * 11 * 9 5

2 Daptonema conicum 7 6 10 7 13 7 * 7

3 Desmodora sp. 10 13 5 12 7 7 12 4

4 Desmoscolex sp. 7 10 5 8 4 5 * 8

5 Neochromadora craspedota 4 12 5 4 2 7 7 4

6 Oxystomina clavicauda 10 6 2 6 7 6 15 4

7 Paralinhomoeus sp. 2 10 4 6 12 * 6 4

8 Pselionema sp. 6 12 10 10 6 2 2 2

9 Quadricoma sp. 4 6 8 2 10 7 6 2

Foraminiferans

1 Ammonia beccarii 11 12 5 13 12 12 10 5

2 A. tepida 9 12 11 * 2 9 8 7

3 Asterorotalia pulchella 5 8 11 6 6 9 2 2

4 Bolivina tortuosa 4 8 11 8 4 8 4 14

5 Globigerina rotundata * 7 13 * 4 11 9 10

6 G. sacculifer 10 7 * 13 4 4 5 7

7 Elphidium sp. 12 8 10 7 7 2 5 4

8 Eponides repandus 6 4 9 15 4 7 2 10

9 Lagena marginata 7 5 11 6 12 7 9 9

10 L. quadrata 12 6 7 18 4 5 5 6

11 L. semistriata 8 * * 6 7 12 10 14

12 Nonion depressulus 8 6 14 * 5 3 8 2

13 Quinqueloculina sp. 9 4 7 13 8 7 5 3

14 Spiroloculina sp. 8 6 5 8 7 13 19 12




Ostrocodes

1 Cushmanidea sp. 7 5 11 6 12 7 9 9

2 Cyprideis lengae 5 7 9 10 7 7 7 5

3 Cytheromorpha fuscata 9 2 8 8 12 * 10 7

4 Leguminocythereis sp. 14 10 11 * 4 9 3 7

Harpacticoids

1 Diarthrodes sp. 9 12 4 10 * 11 8 *

2 Euterpina acutifrons 4 5 * 9 4 13 11 9

3 Harpacticus chelifer 14 10 5 6 12 7 * 5

4 Paramesochra dubia 9 * * 5 7 4 4 7

5 Tisbe furcata 4 7 14 7 5 6 5 4

Total 244 226 234 229 221 214 215 198




CONCLUDING REMARKS

In the present survey, which lasted for two days (29th - 30th March 2019), the physico-

chemical and biological parameters were analyzed both in the water and sediment samples from

18 locations at ITPCL Power Project at Parangipettai. The physico-chemical parameters did not

vary much except a few parameters which showed only minimal variations. Further, the results

of physico-chemical and biological parameters indicate that the water is well oxygenated and

nutrients were plenty supporting fairly good plankton population as the planktonic organisms

form the base in the food chain. The dominant diatom species recorded during this survey were

Coscinodiscus sp., Skeletonema costatum, Chaetoceros sp., Asterionella glacialis and

Thalasionema sp., further, dinoflagellate species such as Ceratium sp., Protoperidinium sp., and

Peridinium sp., were recorded commonly during the survey. Besides, macro benthic species like

Terebellides sp., Eunice sp., Nephtys sp., Prionospio sp., Euclymene sp., and Nereis sp., were

predominantly occurred in the ITPCL, Parangipettai coastal waters which reflect the stable

nature of the ecosystem. Not only is that, the metal concentration in coastal water and sediment

samples indicates that it is well within the ERM (Effective Range Median) values which means

that there are no possibilities of Heavy metal contamination in the region.

To sum up, relating the values of the seawater quality, sediment quality and biotic

components in and around the ITPCL Power Project at Parangipettai suggests that the physico-

chemical parameters were found more or less similar to the previous month (February) and are

within the permissible range, which is quite common and comparable to the levels recorded in

the coastal waters elsewhere.

data report on coastal water quality monitoring …. itpcl_mar_2019.pdfdata report on coastal water...

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