coastal monitoring buoys
DESCRIPTION
Monitor coastal water quality and sea state conditions in real time with Pentair's Buoy mounted measurement system. Capable of measuring physical conditions, biological activity, nutrient concentrations or detect pollution, along with tides, currents, waves and meteorological conditions. Transmit the measurements in real time to a control centre running hydrodynamic models for forecasting, or broadcast measured information on the Aides to Navigation (AtoN) subset of the global AIS network. The platform integrates safety and security measures to protect against theft and damage while protecting on-board instruments against degradation due to fouling, extending the time between maintenance visits Identify and prevent problems that a spot sampling program cannot detectTRANSCRIPT
PENTAIR
ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS
Real time early warning monitoring systems for the coastal environment.
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PENTAIR
Who are Pentair Environmental Systems?
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Flood Warning
Systems
Irrigation
Solutions
Hydrographic &
Water Quality
Coastal
Monitoring
Water Infrastructure
Monitoring
Aquaculture
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Example Projects
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Environment Canada Hydrometric Network
Malaysian SMART Tunnel and Disaster Recovery System
Yangtze River 3 Gorges Dam
Khuzestan Water Quality Initiative
Singapore Project
Neptune
Several Hundred Projects in Australia
Kenya Hydrometric Network
Singapore Overflow Network
Brisbane City Flood Warning System
Yantai Fisheries
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Why Monitor?
ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS
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“Algae invade China Olympics”
BBC News
“A Green Threat to the Olympics”TIME Magazine
Insitu monitoring provides
• Better understanding of natural temporal variation
• Early detection of potential problems
• Ability to model and forecast the movement andscale of the problem
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Weekly SamplingDaily SamplingContinuous Monitoring
Sampling can not beat continuous monitoring
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Conductivity (µS/cm)
Turbidity (NTU)
Temperature(⁰C)
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
A small trend?
A significant event!Is something here?A significant event!
Large diurnal range
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Identify What Problems? The system can identify:
• Potential fish kills from lack of oxygen
• Nutrients overload that lead to blue green algae
• Oil spills or chemical releases
• Weather events that transport problems
• Sea conditions that increase accident risks
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Part of a complete solution • Real time monitoring complements
laboratory analysis
• Early warning
• Monitoring + modelling provides forecasts
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• Spot sampling locations
• Buoy mounted stations
• Current direction
• Wind direction
• Oil spill occurs
• Detection Occurs
• For an online system,
detection occurs when
concentration > minimum
detection level
• Months may occur before
a spot sample program
detects a problem
Oil Spill Scenario
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Singapore’s $4m Project Neptune
• To detect and model the exact problem demonstrated on previous slide
• 8 buoy mounted early detection systems
• Specified on the same equipment supplied here
• Modelling and consulting expertise from Dutch firm Deltares
• Provide current warning and 6, 12 & 24 hour forecasts of transport
• Implementation Now
Confidential Information – not for distribution Slide 10Greenspan
PENTAIR
Channel News Asia
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What can be measured?
Water Quality
• Physical: Temperature, Sedimentation, Salinity, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Turbidity, Dissolved organic matter
• Nutrients: Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonia, Phosphate
• Biological: Chlorophyll, Blue-Green & Total Algae
• Pollutants: Crude & Refined oil, Heavy Metals
• Samples: Automatically collect for laboratory analysis
Meteorological
• Air Temperature & Relative Humidity, Photo-synthetically Active Radiation (PAR), Rainfall, Water Temperature, Wind, Visibility, Lightning Strikes
Water Movement
• Tide, currents, waves, swell
Site Security
• Intrusion detection, position, theft detection, CCTV
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Available Mounting Options
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The mounting should be the most stable and accessible platform available in the area of interest. The order of preference is:
1st: Shore Based 2nd: Channel Marker 3rd: Buoy
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How we used to measure
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Look at all the instruments mounted along the mooring line.
1) Expensive
2) Subject to fouling
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Now we sample inside the buoy
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Intake Select Valve
Surface Intake
Bottom Intake
PeristalticPump
Physical Parameters
Biology & Pollutants
Nutrient Analyser
Bypassvalve
Release valves
• Protect the instruments from fouling
• Low pump velocity to not disturb sample
• Copper nose cone to prevent algae and crustacean growth
• Additional sampling depths with extra intake
• Redundant intake linesincase of blockage
• Selectable intakes• Pump run in reverse to
purge intakes of blockages
Middle Intake
Redundant Intake
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Reduced Maintenance, Better Measurements
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Intake Select Valve
Surface Intake
Bottom Intake
PeristalticPump
Physical Parameters
Biology & Pollutants
Nutrient Analyser
Bypassvalve
Release valves
• Multiple instruments integrated in single sampling system
• All instruments protected out of the water
• Reduced cleaning:• No light in sampling
system• Drained between
measurements
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No bio-fouling
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• Factors:
– Copper intake
–No light in system enclosure
–Draining between samples
• Reduced drift, offset and failures due to bio-fouling
Instrument condition
Before field use
90 days in a sampler system
90 days in open water
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No bio-fouling
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From an intake tube at 0.5m after 1 year of operation
– Some growth on the external rubber surface
– The tube is in pristine condition from the very end
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90 day monitoring period
Instrument in sampling systemInstrument in open waterValidation measurement
Good initial agreementOpen water instrument
problems around 30 days
Open water instrumentcompletely fails @ 55 days
Sampling system instrument still accurately recording
after 90 days
Example Data - Chlorophyll
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90 day monitoring period
Instrument in sampling systemInstrument in open waterValidation measurement
Initial agreement
Problems after 18 days
Open water instrumentcompletely fails @ 35 days
Sampling system instrument still accurately recording
after 90 days
Some parameters (Temp, EC) are fouling resistant, others (DO, Chlorophyll, Nutrients) have very short deployment times
without a protection system such as that used in the sampling system
Example Data - Turbidity
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Advantage: No Divers Required
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• All equipment serviced from the surface
• No divers, meaning:
– Cost effective
– Safer
–Quicker
–All weather access
• Can service multiple stations per day rather than multiple days per station!
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In publically released tender pricing for Project Neptune, the operation & maintenance cost for a Greenspan system was 12% of the upfront cost. Our nearest competitor was 28%, equivalent to buying a whole new system every 4 years
BETTER DATA, CHEAPER TO OWN
ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS
PENTAIR
Advantage: Easy to Expand
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• Easy to add:
–Additional parameters
–Automated sample collection system from any depth
–Video surveillance triggered by measurements
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Advantage: Future-Proof
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• Because the instruments are all in a linear flow through system, single instruments may be replaced or added as available. For instance, heavy metals now available using DNA testing
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Advantage: Survives Freezing
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• Traditional In-situ water quality instruments require being removed during freezing conditions for protection
• As there is no water kept inside the sample system, the system can operate right up to freezing conditions, with no labour required to stop or start the seasonal operation
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Recent Enhancements
(What’s new)
ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS
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Less Interference
While instrument manufacturers never said it, Chl-A and Blue Green Algae suffered from interference (false readings) due to Dissolved Organic Matter
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DOM increases significantly at a
thermocline
Older instruments show a false increase in Chl-a due to DOM
The new instrument shows that Chl-a does not actually change as it is not
interfered by DOM
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Optical Nitrate
Historically
• The only method for nutrients in salt water (where ISE probes do not work) has been wet chemistry.
• Wet chemistry requires extensive maintenance, handling of chemicals and provides data that requires long analysis times (15min), erratic or noisy measurements and insensitive to low concentrations
Now
• A UV spectroscopy method is available
• 0.007 to 56 mg/L-N, with up to 0.03mg/L accuracy
• Long deployment times
• Removes the last instrument that needed monthly maintenance
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Present Weather (Visibility)• Laser based sensor capable of determining precipitation and visibility parameters,
including size and velocity of drizzle, rain, snow and hail
• Determines visibility values for up to 10km with an accuracy of ±10%
• Outputs Aide To Navigation (AtoN), WMO SYNOP, WMO METAR or NWS message formats
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Lightning Detection• StrikeGuard SG000 is an optical-coincidence sensor that detects actual
cloud-cloud and cloud-ground strikes within a 20 mile radius
• Classifies distance to strike into 3 categories, near (within 5miles), mid (5 to 10miles) and far (up to 20 miles)
• To prevent false alarms, the sensor requires an optical signal to coincide with a magnetic field charge signal before reporting lightning
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Navigation Safety• Tides, currents, waves, swell, ice, visibility, winds, air pressure, rainfall. All important
parameters can be broadcast to all passing vessels fitted with an AIS transceiver to aid navigation in difficult conditions, helping to reduce accidents
• Any Pentair buoy system can be upgraded to broadcast measured information with an AIS AtoN (Aide to Navigation) transceiver
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Reference projects:
- Singapore’s national early warning system
- Shandong (China) regional monitoring system
- Perth (Australia) desalination plant outfall monitoring
- Indonesia’s Marine Electronic Highway
ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS