conceptions of participation in the digital age. a literature review

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Concep’ons of Par’cipa’on in the Digital Age A literature review Franco Rau, Faculty of Human Sciences Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany ECER 2014, ERG SES G15: ICT in EducaFon, 02.09.2014

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Foliensatz zu meinem Vortrag "Conceptions of Participation in the Digital Age. A literature review" auf der ECER 2014 in Porto (Tagungsthema: The Past, the Present and the Future of Educational Research) Session Information ERG SES G15, ICT and Education Paper Session Time:2014-09-02 09:00-10:30 Room:FPCEUP - 2 B Chair:Paulo Nogueira

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Page 1: Conceptions of Participation in the Digital Age. A literature review

Concep'ons  of  Par'cipa'on  in  the  Digital  Age  

A  literature  review  

Franco  Rau,  Faculty  of  Human  Sciences  Technische  Universität  Darmstadt,  Germany  

ECER  2014,  ERG  SES  G15:  ICT  in  EducaFon,  02.09.2014  

Page 2: Conceptions of Participation in the Digital Age. A literature review

Research  quesFon  

What  do  we  know  about  the  relaFonship  between  a  parFcipatory  culture,  parFcipatory  technologies  and  current  in-­‐school  pracFces?    

 How  has  “parFcipaFon”  been  conceptualised  and    studied  in  the  context  of  parFcipatory  technologies    and  current  in-­‐class  pracFces?    

     

Page 3: Conceptions of Participation in the Digital Age. A literature review

#ALS-­‐ICE-­‐BUCKET-­‐CHALLENGE  

StarFng  with  one  concepFon:    ParFcipatory  cultures  

Page 4: Conceptions of Participation in the Digital Age. A literature review

What  do  we  know  about  the  relaFonship  between  a  parFcipatory  culture,  parFcipatory  technologies  and  current  in-­‐school  pracFces?    

 „The  ParFcipaFon  Gap  —  the  unequal  access  to  the  opportuniFes,  experiences,  skills,  and  knowledge  that  will  prepare  youth  for  full  parFcipaFon  in  the  world  of  tomorrow.“    

     

(Jenkins  et  al.  2009)  

QuesFoning  parFcipatory  cultures?    The  parFcipaFon  gap!  

Page 5: Conceptions of Participation in the Digital Age. A literature review

State  of  research    

My  methodical  approach    

Preliminary  results    

     

1  

2  

3  

Page 6: Conceptions of Participation in the Digital Age. A literature review

State  of  research      

     

1  

Page 7: Conceptions of Participation in the Digital Age. A literature review

•  poten'al  of    Web  2.0  technologies  to  enhance  learning  and  to  facilitate  acFve  parFcipaFon  has  been  widely  debated  theore'cally  (Hew  &  Cheung  2013,  Grell  &  Rau  2011,  Tess  2013)  

•  Web  2.0  technologies  are  no  “silver  bullets“  and  will  not  automaFcally  improve  students  learning  outcomes  or  parFcipaFon  (Hew  &  Cheung  2013,  Grell  &  Rau  2011,  Sim  &  Hew  2010)  

•  “in-­‐class  prac'ces”  with  Web  2.0  technologies  has  not  been  sufficiently  explored  (Aydin  2012,  Hew  &  Cheung  2013,  Tess  2013)  

Key  issues  of  previous  research  

Page 8: Conceptions of Participation in the Digital Age. A literature review

•  some  disagreements  about  …  

–  …  agtudes  towards  Web  2.0  technologies  as  educaFonal  environment  (Aydin  2012,  Tess  2013)  

–  …  appraisal  of  posiFve  effects  of  Web  2.0  technologies  (Aydin  2012,  Hew  &  Cheung  2013)  

•  views  and  concep'ons  of  “learning”  and  “par'cipa'on”  are  different  (Hew  &  Cheung  2013,  HrasFnski  2008)  

•  previous  research  has  neglected  to  idenFfy  how  “parFcipaFon”  has  been  conceptualised  in  this  context  

 

Key  issues  of  previous  research  

     

Page 9: Conceptions of Participation in the Digital Age. A literature review

My  methodical  approach      

     

2  

Page 10: Conceptions of Participation in the Digital Age. A literature review

Aim/Ques'on  Iden'fy  and  discuss  current  concep'ons  of  par'cipa'on  in  the  context  of  parFcipatory  technologies  and  current  in-­‐school  pracFces    

Methods  for  searching  

Database:  ScienceDirect;  peer  reviewed  journal  papers;  published  between  2006-­‐2013;    Title  &  abstract  search  (parFcipaFon  or  parFcipatory)  combined  with  a  fulltext  search  (including  relevant  keywords)  

Abstract  screening  &  data  appraisal  

Abstract  screening  with  two  criteria:  (1)  studies  related  to  in-­‐class  pracFces  (higher  educaFon  or  school);  (2)  studies  related  to  Web  2.0  technologies  

Data  analysis   Constant  comparaFve  method  to  induc'vely  idenFfy  concepFons  of  parFcipaFon  

Decisions  for  a  systemaFc  review  

Page 11: Conceptions of Participation in the Digital Age. A literature review

Screenshots  -­‐  hlp://www.sciencedirect.com  (24.08.2014)    

Methods  for  searching  

645  results  found  through  

ScienceDirect  

155  abstracts  screened  for  

criteria  (unFl  today)  

127  abstracts  excluded  

28  full  arFcles  screened  for  

criteria  

16  papers  were  idenFfied  for  data  analysis  (so  far)    

 •  case  studys  (n=10)  •  focus  on  scholars/  

teacher  (n=3)  •  focus  on  students  (n=3)  

12  full  arFcles    excluded  

Page 12: Conceptions of Participation in the Digital Age. A literature review

Study   Nat*   Edu*   Tech*   Foc*  

01   Kim  et  al.  (2013)   SWE  USA  

HE   Blogs   Case  study  

02   Waycol  (2013)   AUS   HE   Social  Web   Scholars/teachers  

03   Valetsianos  &  Kimmons  (2012)   USA   HE   ParFcip.  

technol.  Scholars/teachers  

04   Junco  (2012)   USA   HE   Facebook   Students  

05   Papastergiou  et  al  (2011)   GRE   HE   Blogs   Case  study  

06   Deng  &  Tavares  (2013)   HK   HE   Fracebook  &  

Moodle   Case  study  

07   Valetsianos  &  Kimmons  (2013)   USA   HE   SNS   Scholars/

teachers  

08   Kang  et  al.  (2011)  

KOR  USA  

HE   Blogs   Case  study  

09   Junco  (2011)   USA   HE   Facebook   Students  

Included  papers  

Study   Nat*   Edu*   Tech*   Foc*  

10   Alaran  et  al.  (2013)   MAS   School   ICT    

(Blogs)   Case  study  

11   Ellerani  &  Mendoza  (2013)   ITA   HE   Web  2.0  tools   Case  study  

12   Handayani  (2012)   IDN   HE   Wiki/Google  

Docs   Case  study  

13   Leon  et  al.  (2010)   ESP   HE   Web  2.0  tools   Case  study  

14   Lim  et  al  (2013)   SIN   School   Web  2.0  tools   Students  

15   Ortega  (2013)   MAS   HE   Facebook   Case  Study  

16   Sadik   OMA   HE   Flickr   Case  Study  

Nr.   Authors   Year   NaFon   InsFtuFon   Technology   Focus  

1   Alaran  et  al.     2013   MAS   School   ICT  (e.g.  Blogs)   Case  study  

2   Deng  &  Tavares     2013   HK   HE   Facebook  &  Moodle   Case  study  

3   Ellerani  &  Mendoza     2013   ITA   HE   Web  2.0  tools   Case  study  

4   Handayani     2012   IDN   HE   Wiki/Google  Docs   Case  study  

5   Junco     2011   USA   HE   Facebook   Students  

6   Junco     2012   USA   HE   Facebook   Students  

7   Kang  et  al.     2011   KOR  &  USA   HE   Blogs   Case  study  

8   Kim  et  al.     2013   SWE  &  USA   HE   Blogs   Case  study  

9   Leon  et  al.     2010   ESP   HE   Web  2.0  tools   Case  study  

10   Lim  et  al.   2013   SIN   School   Web  2.0  tools   Students  

11   Ortega     2013   MAS   HE   Facebook   Case  Study  

12   Papastergiou  et  al.     2011   GRE   HE   Blogs   Case  study  

13   Sadik     2009   OMA   HE   Flickr   Case  Study  

14   Valetsianos  &  Kimmons   2012   USA   HE   ParFcipatory  technol.   Scholars/teachers  

15   Valetsianos  &  Kimmons     2013   USA   HE   Social  Networking  Si.   Scholars/teachers  

16   Waycol     2013   AUS   HE   Social  Web   Scholars/teachers  

Page 13: Conceptions of Participation in the Digital Age. A literature review

Preliminary  results      

     

3  

Page 14: Conceptions of Participation in the Digital Age. A literature review

a.  ParFcipaFon  as  just  another  expression  for  acFve  learning    

 „[...]  the  affordances  offered  by  blogs  [...]  can  serve  social  construcFvist  approaches  to  learning  that  emphasize  students'  acFve  parFcipaFon  in  knowledge  construcFon  through  social  interacFons“        

(Papastergiou  et  al.  2011,  p.  1999)  

(e.g.  Deng  &  Tavares  2013,  Ellerani  &  Mendoza  2013,  Kang  et  al.  2011,  Kim  et  al.  2013,    Papastergiou  et  al.  2011,  Sadik  2009,  Waycol  2013)  

Those  who  consider  parFcipaFon  as  a  resource  for  both  personal  as  well  as  collecFve  development  are  the  ones  who  have  a  more  posiFve  agtude  towards  parFcipaFon  geared  towards  their  peers  and  are  less  worried  about  making  their  personal  thoughts  and  opinions  public,  not  to  menFon  sharing  informaFon  about  themselves  (who  they  are,  their  interests,  the  knowledge  and  experience  they  have,  etc.).  In  contrast,  those  who  view  parFcipaFon  as  a  tool  or  as  a  way  to  acquire  immediate  knowledge  about  something  for  themselves  are  the  ones  who  only  show  interest  in  interacFng  with  the  content  and  who  consider  acFve  parFcipaFon  in  the  enhanced  online  educaFonal  space  and  peer  interacFon  to  be  a  "waste  of  Fme"  or  even  unnecessary.  (Leon  2010,  p.  837)  

Page 15: Conceptions of Participation in the Digital Age. A literature review

•  Different  aspects:  –  voluntary    vs.  compulsory/scripted  contribuFons  and  interacFons  

–  individual  learning  vs.  group  learning  

–  different  goals,  e.g.  internet  self-­‐efficacy,  visual  literacy,  professional  development    

–  different  theore'cal  references,  e.g.  social  construcFvist  approaches,  engagement  theory,  communiFes  of  pracFce  

•  poten'al  of    Web  2.0  technologies  to  enhance  learning  and  to  facilitate  acFve  parFcipaFon  has  been  widely  debated  theore'cally  (Hew  &  Cheung  2013,  Grell  &  Rau  2011,  Tess  2013)  

•  “in-­‐school-­‐prac'ces”  with  Web  2.0  technologies  has  not  been  sufficiently  explored  (Aydin  2012,  Hew  &  Cheung  2013,  Tess  2013)  

(e.g.  Deng  &  Tavares  2013,  Ellerani  &  Mendoza  2013,  Kang  et  al.  2011,  Kim  et  al.  2013,    Papastergiou  et  al.  2011,  Sadik  2009,  Waycol  2013)  

a.  ParFcipaFon  as  just  another  expression  for  acFve  learning    

Page 16: Conceptions of Participation in the Digital Age. A literature review

 „Students  reported  parFcipaFon  in  a  variety  of  Facebook  acFviFes,  with  ‚viewing  photos‘,  ‚commenFng  on  content‘  and  ‚checking  to  see  what  someone  is  up  to‘  being  the  three  most  popular  acFviFes.“        

     

b.  ParFcipaFon  as  term  for  using  funcFonaliFes  of  specific  social  media/web  2.0  tools  

(Junco    2012,  p.  191)  

(e.g.  Junco  2012,  Lim  et  al.  2013,  Noh  et  al.  2013,  Veletsianos  &  Kimmons  2013)  

Page 17: Conceptions of Participation in the Digital Age. A literature review

 

(e.g.  Junco  2012,  Lim  et  al.  2013,  Noh  et  al.  2013,  Veletsianos  &  Kimmons  2013)  

•  Different  aspects:  –  “consuming”  vs.  „be  content  creators“    

–  “lurkers”  vs.  “structuring  par'cipa'on  so  that  others  see  me  in  a  certain  light”  

 

b.  ParFcipaFon  as  term  for  using  funcFonaliFes  of  specific  social  media/web  2.0  tools  

Page 18: Conceptions of Participation in the Digital Age. A literature review

Conclusion  

•  preliminary  codes  need  to  be  regarded  with  cauFons  (sFll  work  in  progress)  

•  within  the  reviewed  studies,  the  term  “parFcipaFon”  appears  to  be  more  fuzzy  used  instead  of  referring  to  an  explicit  concept    

•  the  term  “parFcipaFon”  was  rarely  used  to  refer  to  civic  engagement  (like  Jenkins  et  al.  2009)  or  joint  decision-­‐making  power  (Mayrberger  2013)  

Page 19: Conceptions of Participation in the Digital Age. A literature review

Re  hlp://www.bibsonomy.org/user/francorau/ECER2014      hlp://de.slideshare.net/FrancoRau/        Franco  Rau,  M.Ed.      [email protected]­‐darmstadt.de      @FrancoRau    

Thank  You!  

References  

hlp://www.bibsonomy.org/user/francorau/ECER2014  

Slides  

hlp://de.slideshare.net/FrancoRau/  

Contact    

Franco  Rau,  M.Ed.  [email protected]­‐darmstadt.de  @FrancoRau  (Twiler)