chapter...2018-04-23this chapter deals with urbanization process in india and the role of united...

CHAPTER - 12

URBAN DEVELOPMENT

Urban development in India will be the biggest sunrise industry that any country has seen in any part of the world.

Kushal Pal Singh

Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India

This chapter deals with Urbanization Process in

India and the role of United Nations to improve life

in Urban Centres in the World Urbanization

Process in Telangana in Historical Times. It also

talks about growth of Urban Population, Water

Requirement and Shortages and the slow growth of

Economic Sectors, Land Use and Land Cover

(LULC) change in Urban Areas. This chapter also

stress on Pollution in Rivers in Telangana and on

the Water Quality in Surface Water bodies. It also

talks about the state of Infrastructure Facilities,

type of Industries in Telangana as well as on

Mining Sector and on Industrial Policy of

Telangana.

Discusses on Telangana State Industrial

Infrastructure Corporation and the Role of Public

and Private Enterprises in Urbanization process in

Telangana. This chapter highlights on

Information and Communication Technology,

Tourism Geospatial analysis of Urban Centre's and

Policy Directions, Demographic pressure &

opportunities and the Need to develop & maintain

Urban Vegetation by proper parking lots to ease

vehicular traffic in cities and affordable homes in

Hyderabad and the Economic growth engines for

employment, maintenance of Roads, urban water

system and the need to reduce noise Pollution and

talks about Policy initiatives.

CHAPTER 12

URBAN DEVELOPMENT

12.0 Introduction

12.1 Urbanization Process in India

At present over 54 % of the world population resides in the urban areas (UN, 2014) and it is estimated that

by 2060 over 66% of the population will be in urban areas. According to Census-2011, in India, over 37.7

crore growing at a rate of 0.3%, lived in 8000 urban centres while 83.3 crore lived in rural areas

(http://www.censusindia.gov.in). By 2011, there were 3 cities with 10 million population and 53 cities

with >1 million population. It is estimated that by 2031, there would be 6 cities with > 10 million

populations while the medium and small towns will swell to house the growing urban population (IIHS,

2016; UN, 2014).

The UN-Habitat a major UN agency mandated to promote socially and environmentally sustainable town

and cities with the goal of providing adequate shelter to all has estimated that 6 out of every there people

in the (IISD, 2016) world would reside in urban areas by

2030. This unprecedented demographic shift will result in environmental, economic, social and spatial th

challenge, already faced by major cities in India including Hyderabad in Telangana which is currently 6

largest urban centre in the country.

In 2011 in India (Census of India 2011) the 37.7 crore urban population from a total population of 121 crore

in the country lived in 7935 towns including 4041 statutory towns, 3894 census towns, 475 urban

agglomerations and 981 urban out growths. In 2001 the urban population in India was 28.6 crores that

lived in 3799 statutory towns, 1362 census towns, 384 urban agglomerations and 962 urban out growths.

In Telangana state the number of persons above the age of 6 in urban area in 2011 was 4.3 crores compared

to over 3.7 crores in 2001. This is indicative of an increase in migration to urban areas by young couple

essentially in search of employment in urban areas. In rural area there was a decrease in no. of persons

below the age 6, it was 12.1 crore a decline from 12.6 crore recorded in 2001, however, it was nearly 3 times

higher than in urban areas. There was an increase in female births in urban areas compared to rural areas in

Telangana. Urbanization also led to increase in literacy as total literacy among persons above the age 7 was

estimated as 84.1% in urban areas with higher level of literacy among males (88.8) than compared to

women (79.1%) in 2011 in the state. Other tenets of urban areas i.e., higher share of working population

(main workers class) showed a huge increase in Telangana, between 2001 and 2011. In 2011 total urban

main workers were 11.6 crores which consisted of 9.51 crores male and 2.15 crore female. In 2001 the total

main workers were 8.3 crore of which 7.10 crore were male and 1.27 crore female.

According to the Census of India 2011 document, a Village is a basic unit for rural areas and termed a

revenue village that has a definite surveyed boundary. It may comprise of one or more hamlets but the

entire village is treated as one unit for presentation of data. In un- surveyed areas, like villages within forest

areas, each habitation area with locally recognized boundaries is treated as one village. A Rural-Urban area

is considered as 'town' for urban areas and 'village' for rural areas. The urban area comprises two types of

towns viz; Statutory towns having a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified town area

committee, and Census towns where there is a minimum population of 5,000 persons with 75% male

population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits and density of population is at least 400 per sq. km. Urban

Agglomeration (UA) on the other hand, is a continuous urban spread constituting a town and its adjoining

urban outgrowths (OGs) or two or more physically contiguous towns together with or without urban

outgrowths of such towns. In some cases, railway colonies, university campuses, port areas, military camps

etc; may come up near a statutory town outside its statutory limits but within the revenue limits of a village

or villages contiguous to the town. Each such town together with its outgrowth(s) is treated as an

integrated urban area and is designated as 'urban agglomeration'. In Census of India 2011, an urban area

Environment Protection Training & Research Institute, HyderabadMinistry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India

283State of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015Chp.12

was considered UA if it had a core town or at least one of the constituent towns was a statutory town. Total

population of an Urban Agglomeration (i.e. all the constituents put together) was to be at least 20,000 as

per the 2001 Census. Out Growth (OG) was extension of a village or hamlet. A City was a Town with a

population of 100,000.

Census of India (2001) has classified towns and cities based on the size of population residing in them.

U.A.s/Towns with 100,000 and above population are classified as Class I U.A.s/Towns. Towns with 50,000

to 99,999 population are classified as Class II towns, 20,000 to 49,999 population are Class III towns,

population with 10,000- 19,999 are Class IV towns, population with 5,000 and 9,999 are Class V towns and

towns with less than 5,000 population are Class VI towns.

The Census of India has notified Slum area with enactment of Slum Areas (Improvement and Clearance)

Act, 1956. The Central Government has defined slums as (a) Areas where buildings are unfit for human

habitation; or (b) are by reasons of dilapidation, overcrowding, faulty arrangement and design of such

buildings, narrowness or faulty arrangement of streets, lack of ventilation, light or sanitation facilities, or

any combination of these factors, are detrimental to safety, health or morals of residents.

Mega city concept is a phenomenon of present times and is defined in term of metropolitan city in the form

of large size, problem of management of civic amenities and capacity to absorb the relatively high growth of

population. Indian Census in 1991 treated the population size of 5 million and above as the cut-off point to

identify a place as the mega city. Whereas, for the purpose of inclusion in Centrally Sponsored Scheme for

Infrastructure Development in Mega cities the Ministry of Urban Affairs and employment, Department of

Urban Development adopted the criteria of 4 million and above population as per 1991 Census for Mega

Cities. In 2001 Census, cities with 10 million and above population have been treated as Mega cities and the

same criteria of population was been adopted in 2011 census.

More recently since 2015, the central government has come up with the view of developing SMART cities in

order to improve and make our cities world class.

The phenomena of urbanization has been accompanied with economic development but the ecological

problems like pollution of soil, water and air, breakdown of urban infrastructure facilities due to heavy

influx of population, uncontrolled growth of slums with poor living conditions give rise to crimes that

threaten societies and nation states. Hence the UN set up the UN Habitat council to make urban spaces safe

for all. The Habitat II conference was convened in Istanbul, Turkey, during 3-14 June 1996 which was the th

20 anniversary of Habitat I. The Habitat Agenda and the Istanbul Declaration on human settlements,

adopted by the conference, outlined over 100 commitments and strategies to address shelter and

sustainable human settlements. With the adoption of the Habitat Agenda, the international community set

itself the twin goals of achieving adequate shelter for all and ensuring sustainable human settlements

development. Habitat II also reaffirmed the commitment to the full and progressive realization of the right nd

to adequate housing. The 22 session of the UN-Habitat governing council took place in Nairobi, Kenya

during 30 March to 3 April 2009.

World Urban Forum designated by UNGA as an advisory body, is an open-ended think-tank designed to

encourage debate and discussion on the challenges of urbanization, and to strengthen the coordination of

international support for the implementation of the Habitat Agenda. In 2011, the UN-Habitat governing

council adopted the theme sustainable urban development through expanding equitable access to land and

housing, basic services and infrastructure to all. This template for urbanization has been accepted by all. th

The 7 world urban forum took place in Sept., 2015, at UN Headquarters in New York. All member nations

promised to carry out transformative commitments for a sustainable urban development in the world. The

Forum approved the goals of development of smarter and more sustainable cities. In 2016 the annual

global forum will meet to discuss strategies to improve urban resilience and adaptation.

12.2 Role of UN to improve life in urban centre's in the world



12.3 Urbanization process in Telangana in historical times

12.3.1 Adilabad

Adilabad district is located to the north of Hyderabad at 18.40' -19.56' N and 77.46'-80.01'E and is bound by

Yeotmal and Chanda districts of Maharashtra in the north, Karimnagar and Nizamabad districts in the

south and by Nanded district of Maharashtra in the west. The district has population of 20.7 lakh persons 2

which accounts for 3.13% of total population of Telangana State and extends over 16128 km accounting

for 5.90% of total area of the State. 2Adilabad was a sub-district named Sirpur-Tandur extending over 13025 km prior to 1905. In 1905 the

erstwhile Hyderabad Government reconstituted the district with amalgamations from erstwhile

Nizamabad and Karimnagar districts upgrading it into an independent district known as Adilabad. In

November, 1956, when the states were re-organized, it becomes a part of Andhra Pradesh and in 2014 with th

bifurcation of the State it became a part of Telangana State. The region was under Muslim rule in 13 and th

14 century and in 1956 during Reorganisation of States, the Hyderabad State of Nizam was trifurcated

and nine predominantly Telugu speaking districts of Adilabad, Nizamabad, Karimnagar, Medak,

Hyderabad, Mahabubnagar, Nalgonda, Warangal and Khammam known as Telangana region were

transferred to Andhra Pradesh, while the predominantly Kannada speaking districts of Raichur, Gulbarga

and Bidar were transferred to Mysore State (renamed as Karnataka state) and the Marathi speaking area in

Marathwada comprising of Aurangabad, Osmanabad, Bhir, Parbhani and Nanded and a portion of Bidar

was transferred to Maharashtra State. Since June 2014 with the formation of Telangana State, the district is

part of the State.

Adilabad consists of 52 Mandals and is organized into five revenue divisions viz., Adilabad Division

consisting of 10 Mandals namely, Adilabad, Talamadugu, Tamsi, Jainad, Bela, Boath, Bazarhathnoor, Ichoda,

Gudihathnoor and Neradigonda; Utnoor Division consisting of 8 Mandals viz., Utnoor, Inderavelly, Narnoor,

Jainoor, Sirpur(U), Tiryani, Kerameri and Wankdi; Nirmal Division consisting of 13 Mandal viz.,

Lokeswaram, Kuntala, Sarangapur, Nirmal, Dilawarpur, Mamda, Laxmanchanda, Kubeer, Bhainsa,

Mudhole, Tanoor, Khanapur and Kaddam (Peddur); Mancherial Division consisting of 12 Mandals

including Jannaram, Dandepalle, Luxettipet, Mancherial, Mandamarri, Kasipet, Chennur, Kotapalle,

Vemanpalle, Nennal, Jaipur and Bellampalle and Asifabad Division with 9 Mandals viz., Asifabad, Rebbana,

Tandur, Sirpur (T), Kouthala, Bejjur, Dahegaon, Bhimini and Kagaznagar.

There were 1,748 villages in Adilabad district according to 1991 Census, out of which 19 villages were

subsumed into urban area. By 2011 Census, there are 1,725 villages out of which 135 were uninhabited,

1,590 were habited and 22 Towns of which 7 were statutory towns as Municipalities, 15 were Census towns 2 and three Urban Agglomerations viz., Adilabad, Mandamarri and Mancherial. Over 353.70 km area in the

district is under urban land use with a total urban population of 760259 persons out of which over 84661

persons were involved in house and other industrial activities.

The district has a rugged terrain, several rivers draining into Godavari River and tropical dry deciduous

forests with diverse flora and fauna. Soils are rich red loam with traps of deep brown to black cotton soils.

Teak predominate the forest stand. The district is dotted with surface water bodies viz., tanks, lakes and

ponds while it also has some major irrigation projects like Sri Ram Sagar project, and SRS canal besides

several medium and small ones. The district is also well endowed with mineral reserves like coal, iron,

manganese, clay, limestone and construction material which have given rise to industries and consequently

development of settlements by workers leading to development of urban centers like Sirpur-Kazagnagar,

etc.

According to Census of India 2011, Adilabad and Mancherial towns were Class I cities with over 100,000

persons population. There were 4 class-II cities namely, Kagaznagar, Nirmal, Bellampalle and Mandamarri

with population of 50,000 to 99999 persons, two Class III category towns with 10,000 19999 persons

namely Asifabad and Bhainsa, 5 in Class IV towns and 4 in Class V category and none in Class VI. During





every Census the number of Census Towns and Statutory Towns changes due to addition of new Census

Towns declassification of old Census Towns, notifying of new Statutory Towns, de-notifying of old

Statutory Towns etc. For the purpose of analysis of varied demographic characteristics urban areas have

been divided into six classes by size of population of the towns in the district as discussed earlier. According

to the Census, urban population in Adilabad was distributed among 22 urban units of which 7 were

statutory towns and the remaining 15 were Census Towns (CTs). Adilabad Municipality has largest

population (1,17,167) where as Kasipet (CT) is the smallest town with a population of 5,133. There was no

town in the district with < 5,000 population in the district. The district is famous for Basar temple the seat

of learning of Devi Saraswati, Bellampalle for its coal mines and for Jangam Mahadeva mutt and the town of

Nirmal for its paintings.

Hyderabad grew from the rise and fall of various kingdoms in Deccan through medieval and modern times.

The Kakatiyas of Warangal were the first major rulers of this region during 1150 -1323 A.D followed by

Muhammed-bin-Tughlak and Bahamani Sultan followed by the Barid Shahi kingdom. The famous Qutub

Shahis of Golkonda ruled during 1512-1687 and Hyderabad became famous. With independence of India in

1947, the Nizam's empire ceded to Indian Union in 1948, Hyderabad than also called Bhagyanagar became

famous. In 1956, during the reorganization of the states in India, the Hyderabad state was trifurcated and

the nine predominantly Telugu speaking districts of Mahabubnagar, Hyderabad, Medak, Nizamabad,

Adilabad, Karimnagar, Warangal, Khammam and Nalgonda known as the Telangana region were

transferred to Andhra Pradesh. In June 2014 with the formation of Telangana state, Hyderabad has

remained the capital of the state.

Administratively, Hyderabad district consists of 16 Mandals that are divided into two divisions, namely,

Hyderabad Division consisting of 9 Mandals - Amberpet, Himayathnagar, Nampally, Asifnagar, Golconda,

Bahadurpura, Bandlaguda, Charminar and Saidabad: and Secunderabad Division consisting of 7 Mandals

namely Shaikpet, Ameerpet, Secunderabad, Tirumalgiri, Marredpally, Musheerabad and Khairatabad.

Apart from this there were 66 villages in the district that were grouped into four taluks earlier namely,

Charminar, Golconda, Musheerabad and Secunderabad and all of these have since merged into Hyderabad thurban area. At present Hyderabad is the 6 largest city in India, only slightly lagging behind Bengaluru.

Due to rapid urbanization, forest cover has depleted into low scrubby jungles with diverse flora and fauna.

Musi River with a few tributaries drains the city and its surrounding region and several bridges built across

Musi viz., Purana pul built by Ibrahim Qutub Shah in 1579 A.D, Nayapul, Dabirpura, Chaderghat,

Amberpet, Uppal Kalan etc., connect the two parts of the city.

Hyderabad has several archaeological, historical, educational and recreational places of interest with the

past and present landscape standing juxtapose. The Nehru Zoological Park is spread over 150 ha which is

adjacent to the 240 ha water spread of Mir-Alam Tank. Hussainsagar located at the center of the city, is a

landmark, besides Golconda fort, Qutub Shahi Tombs, the famous Charminar, Macca Masjid and Falaknuma

Palace etc., that are monuments of architectural and historical importance. Cyberabad was set up to meet

the demands of new-age Hyderabad where IT industries are clustered. Hyderabad Urban Agglomeration

(HUA) consists of Hyderabad district including Secundrabad area and adjacent Mandals in Rangareddy

district from which the new Cyberabad was carved.

2 thRangareddy district covers an area of 7,493 km and was formed on 15 August 1978 by carving out some

portion of Hyderabad urban taluk and the merger of rural and urban areas of remaining taluks of

Hyderabad district. Hence the history of Rangareddy is no different than that of Hyderabad. Initially the

district was called Hyderabad (Rural) but later it was named Konda Venkata Rangareddy district was

subsequently truncated and called Rangareddy district.

Rangareddy district consists of 37 Mandals which are organized into three Revenue Divisions viz.,

12.3.2 Growth of Hyderabad

12.3.3 Rangareddy

Hyderabad East Division consisting of 13 Mandals namely, Qutubullapur, Medchal, Shamirpet, Keesara,

Ghatkesar, Uppal, Hayathnagar, Saroornagar, Maheswaram, Ibrahimpatnam, Manchal, Yacharam and

Kandukur; Chevella Division consisting of 9 Mandals namely, Shankarpalle, Serilingampally, Balanagar,

Malkajgiri, Rajendranagar, Moinabad, Chevella, Shabad and Shamshabad; Vikarabad Division consists of

15 Mandals namely, Marpalle, Mominpet, Nawabpet, Vikarabad, Dharur, Bantwaram, Peddemul, Tandur,

Basheerabad, Yalal, Doma, Gandeed, Kulkacherla, Pargi and Pudur.

According to Census- 2011, Hyderabad district was totally urban having a population of 39,43,323 persons.

Rangareddy district had an urban population of 37,19,172 persons contributing majorly to the population

of Hyderabad Urban Agglomeration. The district had 24 towns, 2 Statutory towns, 2 Municipalities and 22

Census towns. In 2011 Census, 38 villages were declared as outgrowth of various towns while 15 villages

were upgraded as Census Towns and 3 urban outgrowths have been declared as Census Towns. The Census

Town of Gaddiannaram and nine municipalities in the district namely, Serilingampally, Kukatpally,

Qutubullapur, Alwal, Malkajgiri, Kapra, Uppalkalan, Lal Bahadur Nagar, and Rajendranagar were merged in

the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) corresponding to the HUA area. According to 2011

Census, there were 870 villages of which 53 were uninhabited, 817 were inhabited which were organized

under 37 Mandals of which 4 Mandals were fully urbanized, namely Serilingampally with a population of

3,09,320 persons, Balanagar with 5,67,996 persons, Malkajgiri with 4,13,571 and Uppal 3,84,835 persons.

The district is organized into three Revenue Divisions, 24 Towns of which 2 are Statutory Towns with 2

municipalities and 22 were Census Towns. Over 1,034.27 km area was under urban land use with a total

urban population of 37,19,172 persons. According to Census of India, over 70.22 percent of the district

population was urban.

The GHMC region (including the municipal corporation and outgrowth) of Rangareddy district is

categorized as Class-I Town. Apart from this, there are 2 Class-II, 9 Class-III, 9 Class-IV and 4 Class-V Towns

in the district. While the GHMC (M.Corp + OG) part of Rangareddy district has the largest population

(31,36,529 persons), the Omer Khandaira as Census Town is the smallest with a population of 5,349

persons.2

The overall density of population in Hyderabad district was 18,172 persons / km and very high compared

to that of the State average of 308. The GHMC area covering Municipal Corporation area and outgrowth 2

town had a density of population of 19,543 persons / km , followed by Secunderabad with 9,553 persons. 2

Lowest density of 1,734 persons / km was reported in Osmania University (Census Town) area.

Musi River is the main river flowing west to east across the district. Two of its tributaries, the Bhima and

Kagna rise in Vikarabad Mandal and drain Vikarabad and Tandur region. Manjira River is a tributary of

Godavari River and is largely used for irrigation purpose. The flora is xerophytes owing to semi-arid

climate. Soils are essentially red and mixed red and black soils. The district has some deposits of Feldspar

and Quartz while Lime kankar useful for building mortar is available in Ibrahimpatnam Mandal. Clay of

different types are available in Tandur area which is used in ceramic industry.

The district is famous for the temple at Keesara Gutta of Sri Ramalingeswara Swamy in the form of a

Sivalingam on a hillock, Rangapur for the largest telescope in South-East Asia region, Shamshabad for the

Rajiv Gandhi International Airport, Ramoji Film City, Chilkur Balaji temple, Himayatsagar reservoir,

Shilparamam craft village, Gandipet water park besides landmarks of yesteryears namely, Charminar, Birla

mandir, Falaknuma palace, etc. The new development projects like the IT-Hub, Outer Ring Road, High-tech

city and industrial parks and corridors, etc., are fuelling the urbanization process.

2Nizamabad district covers an area of 7,956 km . It has derived its name from the Nizam of Hyderabad Asaf thJah-VI who ruled Deccan during 18 century. Some of the major dynasties that ruled the district were

Mauryas, Sathavahanas, Rashtrakutas and Chalukyas during ancient period, Kakatiyas, Bahamani Sultans,

Qutub Shahis and Barid Shahs during medieval period and Mughals and the Asaf Jahis during modern

12.3.4 Nizamabad





period. Originally the district was called Indur may be named after the ancient king Indradatta. In 1905, the

Taluks of Nirmal and Narsapur were transferred to the newly formed district of Adilabad and Mudhole

Taluk and a part of Banswada Taluk were transferred to Nanded district in Maharashtra. The rest of

Banswada taluk was divided into Bodhan and Yellareddy Taluks and Bheemgal taluk was merged with

Armur Taluk. After 1947, the district was merged in Hyderabad State and in 1956, Nizamabad became a

part of Andhra Pradesh and since 2014, it is a part of Telangana State.

Nizamabad district consists of 36 Mandals which are grouped into three revenue divisions namely,

Nizamabad, Bodhan and Kamareddy Divisions. Nizamabad Division consists of 14 Mandals - Nizamabad,

Armur, Balkonda, Mortad, Kammarpalle, Bheemgal, Velpur, Jakranpalle, Makloor, Dichpalle, Dharpalle,

Sirkonda, Nandipet and Navipet. The Bodhan Division consists of 12 Mandals - Ranjal, Yedpalle, Bodhan,

Kotgiri, Madnoor, Jukkal, Bichkunda, Birkoor, Varni, Banswada, Pitlam and Nizamsagar. The Kamareddy

Division consists of 10 Mandals - Kamareddy, Machareddy, Sadasivanagar, Gandhari, Nagareddipet,

Lingampet, Tadwai, Bhiknoor, Domakonda and Yellareddy.

According to 1991 Census the district had 922 villages out of which six were urbanized. In 2011 Census

there were 912 villages out of which 65 were uninhabited and 847 were inhabited. There were 8 towns - 4

Statutory Towns, one with a Municipal Corporation and 3 with municipalities and 4 were Census towns of

which one was an Urban Agglomeration namely, Armoor which had a population of 64023 persons.

According to Census of India 2011, Nizamabad city with its Municipal Corporation is categorized as Class-I

town with a population of 311152 persons. There were 3 towns in Class-II, one in Class-III, one Class-IV

towns and 2 in Class-V towns. While Nizamabad Municipal Corporation area had a large population,

Ghanpur (CT) was the smallest town with a population of 5,182. The district is famous for Nizamsagar dam

project built at Achampet over Manjeera River. Pochampad dam project also known as Sreeramsagar

Project was constructed over River Godavari while Pocharam reservoir is constructed over Alair River.

The district is drained by River Godavari and partly by Manjira River where Nizam sagar dam was

constructed near Achampet and Peddavagu River. The district has numerous canals/tanks/ponds as it is an

agricultural district. Forest cover in the district accounts for 21% of total geographical area of the district.

The district is not rich in minerals and limited quantity of Feldspars, Laterite, Quartz and Iron ore that are of

poor quality.

Karimnagar district was ruled by the Andhra, Chalukya, Yadava and Kakatiya dynasties successively. The

Sarkar Yeligandal fort located 5 km north of Karimnagar city was the seat of power of Kakatiyas and was

renamed as Karimnagar in 1905 under the dominion of the Nizam. Presently it is one of the districts of

Telangana and consists of 52 Mandals that are organized into five revenue divisions namely, Karimnagar

Divisions consisting of 18 Mandals - Karimnagar, Manakondur, Timmapur (LMD colony), Bejjanki,

Gangadhara, Ramadugu, Choppadandi, Husnabad, Chigurumamidi, Koheda, Huzurabad, Jammikunta,

Veenavanka, Kamalapur, Elkathurthi, Shankarapatnam, Saidapur and Bheemadevarpalle. Jagtial Division

consists of 14 Mandals - Jagtial, Raikal, Dharmapuri, Sarangapur, Mallial, Kodimial, Pegadapalle, Gollapalle,

Metpalle, Koratla, Medipalle, Ibrahimpatnam, Mallapur and Kathlapur. The Sircilla division consists of 9

Mandals - Sircilla, Ellanthakunta, Gambhiraopet, Mustabad, Yellareddipet, Vemulawada, Boinpalle,

Konaraopet and Chandurthi. The Peddapalle division consists of 9 Mandals - Peddapalle, Srirampur, Odela,

Ramagundam, Sultanabad, Velgatoor, Dharmaram, Julapalle and Elgaid - a new Mandal formed in 2011. The

Manthani division consists of 7 Mandals - Manthani, Kamanpur, Mutharam, Mahadevpur, Malharrao with

headquarter in Tadicherla, Kataram and Mutharam carved from Manthani.

According to Census of 2011, there were 13 Towns of which 6 are Statutory Towns which include one

municipal corporation and 5 municipalities in addition to 7 Census Towns. There are 4 urban

agglomerations, namely, Ramagundam, Jagtial, Karimnagar and Sircilla. According to Census of 2011 the

12.3.5 Karimnagar

total population of Karimnagar district was 37,76,269 persons (18,80,800 males & 18,95,469 females) of 2which over 9,15,225 was urban population living in over 383.90 km of urban land use.

Karimnagar (Municipal Corporation), Ramagungam (Municipality) and Jagitial (Municipality) have been

categorized as Class-I towns. Others towns in the district have been categorized as 3 in Class-II, 2 in Class-

III, 1 in Class-IV, 3 in Class-V and 1 in Class-VI. Karimnagar (MC region) and urban Out Growth has the

largest population in the district i.e., over 2, 89,821 persons while Ratnapur (CT) is the smallest town with a

population of 3,154 persons. Ramagundam has an urban population of 2,44,939 persons, Jagtial over

1,03,930 and Sircilla over 83186 persons. The district is famous for Vemulawada temple of Sri

Rajarajeswara, an incarnation of Lord Siva.

The district is drained by Godavari River and in part by Manner River. The forests are tropical dry deciduous

and tropical throne forest consisting of mixed teak, bamboo and miscellaneous tree varieties with diverse

flora and fauna. The soils are essentially black clay loam, red sandy loam and alluvial soils. The district also

has mineral deposits of coal, iron ore, limestone, soapstone and molybdenum. The Singareni Colleries Co. 2

Ltd. a public sector undertaking of State Govt., has the Coal Mining Lease over 26.4 km .

2Khammam district extends over 16,029 km . It was formed under Kakatiya kingdom and later ruled by

thBahmani kings, Qutub Shahi dynasty of Golconda, the Mughals and by the Asaf Jahi dynasty in 18 century.

The present district was formed in 1953 with five erstwhile taluks namely, Khammam, Yellandu,

Bhoorgampadu, Palwancha (Kothagudem) and Madhira from Warangal District. In 1959, Bhadrachalam

taluk and Nugur independent sub-taluk of East Godavari district, which were not easily accessible to

Kakinada, were also transferred to Khammam district for administrative convenience. Finally, it became

part of Andhra Pradesh with effect from 1st November, 1956 under the scheme of Re-organisation of States.

Since June 2014 with the formation of Telangana State, the district is part of Telangana.

Khammam district consists of 46 Mandals and are organized into four revenue divisions viz.,

Bhadrachalam Division consisting of 8 Mandals namely, Wazeed, Venkatapuram, Cherla,Dummugudem,

Bhadrachalam, Kunavaram, Chintur and Vararamachandrapuram; Palwancha Division consisting of 10

Mandals namely Palwancha, Pinapaka, Manuguru, Aswapuram,Velairpadu, Kukunoor, Burgampahad,

Mulkalapalle, Aswaraopeta and Dammapeta; Kothagudem Division consisting of 11 Mandals namely

Kothagudem, Yellandu, Gundala, Tekulapalle, Singareni, Bayyaram, Garla, Kamepalle, Julurpad,

Chandrugonda and Enkuru; Khammam Division consisting of 17 Mandals namely, Sathupalle, Vemsoor,

Penuballi, Kallur, Tallada, Konijerla, Khammam (Urban), Khammam (Rural), Thirumalayapalem,

Kusumanchi, Nelakondapalle, Mudigonda, Chinthakani, Wyra, Bonakal, Madhira and Yerrupalem.

There were 1,242 villages in the district according to 1991 Census of which 1,092 were inhabited and135

uninhabited, while 15 villages were categorized as towns. According to 2011 Census, there were 1,223

Karimnagar

(Municipal Corporation), Ramagungam (Municipality) and Jagitial (Municipality) have been categorized as

Class-I towns. Others towns in the district have been categorized as 3 in Class-II, 2 in Class-III, 1 in Class-IV,

3 in Class-V and 1 in Class-VI. Karimnagar (MC region) and urban Out Growth has the largest population in

the district i.e., over 2, 89,821 persons while Ratnapur (CT) is the smallest town with a population of 3,154

persons. Ramagundam has an urban population of 2,44,939 persons, Jagtial over 1,03,930 and Sircilla over

83186 persons. The district is famous for Vemulawada temple of Sri Rajarajeswara, an incarnation of Lord

Siva.

The district is drained by Godavari River and in part by Manner River. The forests are tropical dry deciduous and tropical throne forest consisting of mixed teak, bamboo and miscellaneous tree varieties with diverse flora and fauna. The soils are essentially black clay loam, red sandy loam and alluvial soils. The district also has mineral deposits of coal, iron ore, limestone, soapstone and molybdenum. The Singareni Colleries Co. Ltd. a public sector undertaking of State Govt., has the Coal Mining Lease over

226.4 km .

12.3.6 Khammam



villages of which 120 were uninhabited and 1,103 inhabited, 14 Towns. Of these 14 Towns located in

Khammam district, 6 were Statutory Towns 5 towns with municipalities and one with Nagar Panchayat

and 8 were Census Towns including 3 Urban Agglomerations namely, Kothagudem, Yellandu and

Khammam. Urban land use extends over 211.36 Km2 with a total urban population of 6,55,911 persons

according to 2011 Census.

According to 2011 Census, Khammam town was categorized as Class-I town; there were 4 in Class-II, 5 in

Class-III, 3 in Class-IV and 1 in Class-V category. Khammam Town with its municipality and outgrowth is

largest with a total population of 1,96,283 persons while Garimellapadu as CT had smallest population size

of 6,296 persons. Khammam Urban Mandal has a population of 2,50,182 persons and Khammam Rural

Mandal only 12,073. Of the other towns in the district, Bhadrachalam famous for temple of Sri Rama has a

population of 50087, Kothagudem a centre of activities for Singareni Collaries has a population of 119501

and Yellandu has a population of 35056.

The district is drained by two major rivers of the region, Godavari and Krishna River. The famous temple of

Lord Rama is located at Bhadrachalam on the banks of Godavari River. The hilly ranges in the district belong

to Lower Pre-Cambrian era and Dolomite and Coal are found here. The Singareni Collaries Co. Ltd or SCCL is

a government-owned coal mining company of India which operates in Yellandu, Manuguru, and

Kothagudem mandals in the district.

2Mahabubnagar district covers an area of 18,432 km and was ruled by Asoka during the Mauryan reign. th thDuring 10 to 12 century the region was ruled by Chalukyas, Cholas and Kakatiya rulers with a Governor

thcalled Nusrat Khan from Bidar. In 18 century the district was included in Hyderabad state of the Nizam.

The district has seen many additions and subtractions and in 1956 with reorganization of States in India,

Pargi taluk was transferred to Hyderabad while Alampur and Gadwal taluks of Raichur and Kodangal taluk

from Gulbarga were transferred to Mahabubnagar District. Since 2014 the district is a part of Telangana

State.

Mahabubnagar consists of 64 Mandals which are divided into five revenue divisions namely, Narayanpet,

Mahabubnagar, Gadwal, Nagarkurnool and Wanaparthy Divisions. Narayanpet Division consists of 14

Mandals namely, Kodangal, Bomaraspet, Kosgi, Doulathabad, Damaragidda, Maddur, Narayanpet, Utkoor,

Dhanwada, Devarkadra, Chinnachintakunta, Makthal, Maganoor and Atmakur. The Mahabubnagar

Division consists of 18 Mandals - Hanwada, Nawabpet, Balanagar, Kondurg, Farooqnagar, Kothur,

Keshampet, Talakondapalle, Amangal, Madgul, Veldanda, Midjil, Jadcherla, Mahbubnagar, Koilkonda,

Bhoothpur, Kalwakurthy and Vangoor. The Gadwal Division consists of 11 Mandals namely Addakal, Narva,

Dharur, Gadwal, Maldakal, Ghattu, Ieej, Itikyal, Waddepalle, Manopad and Alampur. Nagarkurnool Division

consists of 13 Mandals namely, Thimmajipet, Amrabad, Uppununthala, Telkapalle, Tadoor, Nagarkurnool,

Bijinapalle, Balmoor, Lingal, Peddakothapalle, Kodair, Kollapur and Achampet. The Wanaparthy Division

consists of 8 Mandals namely, Ghanpur, Kothakota, Peddamandadi, Wanaparthy, Gopalpeta, Pangal,

Pebbair and Veepangandla.

According to Census of 2011, there were 1,537 villages of which 72 were uninhabited and 1,465 villages

were inhabited. There were 18 towns out of which 4 were Statutory Towns - 3 had Municipalities and 1 with

Nagar Panchayat and 14 Census Towns with 2 as Urban Agglomeration namely Mahabubnagar with a 2 population of 1,90,400 persons and Gadwal with 63177 persons. Urban land use covers over 275.98 km

with a total urban population of 6,07,692 persons in the district.

According to 2011 Census, the total population of Mahabubnagar district was 40,53,028 persons with

6,07,692 residing in urban area. Mahabubnagar belongs to Class-I category. There are 2 Class-II, 6 Class-III,

5 Class-IV, 3 Class-V and 1 Class VI town in the district. Of the 18 urban centres, 4 are Statutory Towns and

the remaining 14 are Census Towns (CTs). Mahabubnagar is the largest with a population of 1,90,400

12.3.7 Mahabubnagar





persons while Vatwarlapalle (CT) is the smallest town with a population of 4,544 persons. Place of interest

near Mahbubnagar is the famous banyan tree called 'Pillalamarri' beneath which is the shrine of a Muslim

saint. The tree is huge and looks like a small hillock with green foliage. Another town Alampur is referred to

as Dakshina Kasi and is located on the banks of Thungabhadra River.

River Krishna along with its tributary Tungabhadra drains the district. Dindi River a tributary to Krishna

flows through Kalwakurthy and Achampet while Peddavagu and Chinnavagu are other tributaries of

Krishna River. There is forest cover in Mahabubnagar and Achampet divisions with wildlife found in

inaccessible plateau region of Amrabad and Farhabad. Soils are essentially red soil, black cotton and chalka

soil or mixed soils. The district has mineral deposits of barytes, asbestos, steatite, ochre, limestone, quartz,

feldspar, laterite black, coloured granite, fullers earth, moulding sand and ordinary sand.

2Nalgonda district extends over 14,240 km . It was a part of Kakatiya kingdom, subsequently it passed

through Bahmani kings, the Qutub Shahi dynasty of Golconda, the Mughal empire and the Asaf Jahi dynasty

of Hyderabad. It became part of Andhra Pradesh under the scheme of Reorganisation of States in 1956. In

2014 it became a part of Telangana State.

Nalgonda district consists of 59 Mandals which are grouped under four Revenue Divisions viz., Bhongir

Division consisting of 14 Mandals namely, Yadagirigutta, Alir, Rajapet, M.Turkapalle, Bhongir,

Bommalaramaram, Pochampalle, Bibinagar, Ramannapeta, Valigonda, Choutuppal, Mothkur, Atmakur

(M) and Gundala; Nalgonda Division consisting of 16 Mandals namely, Nakrekal, Kethepalle,

Saligouraram, Kattangoor, Chandur, Munugode, Narayanapur, Nalgonda, Narketpalle, Kangal, Thipparthi,

Chityala, Nampalle, Chinthapalle, Gurrampode and Marriguda; Miryalaguda Division consisting of 15

Mandals namely, Devarakonda, Pedda Adiserlapalle, Chandampet, Gundlapalle, Nidamanur, Peddavoora,

Anumula, Tripuraram, Miryalaguda, Dameracherla, Vemulapalle, Huzurnagar, Neredcherla, Garidepalle

and Mattampalle; Suryapet Division consisting of 14 Mandals namely, Thungathurthi, Thirumalgiri,

Nuthankal, Jajireddigudem, Suryapet, Penpahad, Atmakur, Mothey, Chivvemla, Kodad, Mella Cheruvu,

Chilkur, Nadigudem and Munagala.

According to 2011 Census, human population in the district was settled in 1107 villages and 17 Towns out

of which 4 were Statutory Towns with Municipalities,13 were Census Towns and 3 were Urban

Agglomerations namely, Suryapet, Nalgonda (1,54,326 persons) and Miryalaguda (1,04,918 persons). 2

Over 379.33 km area in the district is under urban land use and total urban population in the district was

6,62,507 persons out of a total population of 34,88,809 persons. Nalgonda, Suryapet and Miryalguda are

categorized as Class-I Towns. Of the others, there were 2 Class-II, 2 Class-III, 7 Class-IV, 2 Class-V and 1

Class-VI Town. Nalgonda city constituted of municipal area and outgrowth has the largest population in the

district (1, 54,326 persons according to 2011 Census) while Raghunathpur a Census Town is the smallest

with a population of 4,008 persons. This district is famous for Bhongir Fort, Yadagirigutta which is famous

for the Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy temple and for Nagarjunasagar irrigation cum hydel power project

constructed on Krishna River.

Nalgonda district is rich in water resources as it is drained by rivers viz., Krishna, Musi, Alair, Peddavagu,

Dindi, Hallai (also called Ahalya), Paleru and Kongal. There are small scattered forest areas in the district.

Soils are dominantly red soils with poor fertility while fertile black soil is restricted to the banks of Krishna

River. Major mineral deposits are Limestone (cement grade), Quartz and Feldspars besides Limestone

Slabs, Granites, Rough Stone and Road Metal. Economically workable deposits are of Quartz and Feldspar.

The limestone slabs used for flooring and granite for flooring, walls and elevation of buildings has spawned

lucrative businesses.

2Medak district extends over 9,700 km and was originally known as Methukudurgam which subsequently

12.3.8 Nalgonda

12.3.9 Medak

According to 2011 Census, human population in Medak district was settled in 1201 villages as 30 villages

ceased to have any population. In addition to this there were 24 Towns out of which 5 were Statutory Towns

with municipalities, 19 were Census Towns and five were Urban Agglomerations, namely, Medak (46,880), 2 Siddipet (1,14,091), Sadasivapet (47,920), Zahirabad (82,442), Sangareddy (95,617). Over 371.34 km

area was reportedly under urban land use and the total urban population in the district was 7,27,871

persons out of a total population of 30,33,288 persons in the district.

The GHMC (M.Corp.+OG) part of Medak district which is a part of Hyderabad Urban Agglomeration is

categorized as Class-I Town. The other urban centers are classified as 3 Class-II Towns, 6 Class-III, 6 Class-

IV and 9 Class-V Towns in the district. According to 2011 Census, in all the district urban population is

distributed among 25 urban units that include 6 Statutory Towns and 19 Census Towns. The GHMC

(M.Corp.+ OG) part of Medak district has the largest population (1,38,032 persons) while Chitkul, a CT is

the smallest with a population of 5,596 persons.

Major places of interest in the district are the Medak Fort originally constructed by the Kakatiya kings and

the Medak church said to be one of the three big churches in South India.

Manjira River a tributary of Godavari River drains the district and Nizam Sagar dam, a major irrigation

project is constructed on it. The district is covered by southern tropical dry deciduous forests and the

Pocharam Wildlife Sanctuary extends from Medak to Nizamabad districts having a variety of wild animals

and birds. However, poor watering facilities, control over poaching and hunting and environmental

pollution from industries located in the vicinity have destroyed the flora and fauna in the region. The

district is not rich in mineral wealth with traces of quartz, feldspar, and laterite. However it is rich in

industries and enterprises.

2Warangal district extends over 12,846 km and was originally a part of the ancient kingdom of Andhra kings thwho ruled the Deccan. During 8 century it was 'Orukal', the capital of Yadava kings of Tuluva Andhras.

thFrom 12 century, it was part of Kakatiya kingdom of Warangal. Under Qutub Shahi period, Warangal was nd

the 2 most important city of the kingdom. In 1687 Aurangazeb captured Golconda and Warangal came st

under the rule of Mughals in Delhi. This was followed by Nizam's rule. On 1 November, 1956 Warangal was

subsumed under Andhra Pradesh and in 2014 it became a part of Telangana. It a major educational hub, a

industrial city and is located on a major highway that is to be developed into an industrial corridor.

Warangal has also been selected to be developed as a SMART city by MoUD, Govt. of India under the Urban

Renewable scheme.

Warangal District consists of 51 Mandals that are grouped under 5 Revenue Divisions, viz., Warangal

Division consists of 12 Mandals namely, Warangal (Urban), Hanamkonda, Ghanpur (Stn -Station),

Dharmasagar, Hasanparthy, Wardhannapet, Zaffergadh, Raiparthy, Parvathagiri, Sangam, Geesugonda and

Atmakur; Mahabubabad Division consists of 9 Mandals namely, Mahabubabad, Thorrur, Nellikudur,

Narasimhulapet, Maripeda, Dornakal, Kuravi, Kesamudram, and Nekkonda; Mulug Division consists of 13

Mandals namely, Parkal, Mulug, Shayampet, Regonda, Mogullapalle, Chityal, Bhupalpalle, Ghanpur

(Mulug), Venkatapur, Govindaraopet, Tadvai, Eturnagaram and Mangapet; Jangaon Division consists of 10

Mandals namely, Cherial, Maddur, Bachannapet, Narmetta, Jangaon, Raghunathpalle, Devaruppula,

Kodakandla, Lingalaghanpur and Palakurthi; Narsampet Division consists of 7 Mandals namely, Duggondi,

Gudur, Kothagudem, Khanapur, Narsampet, Chennaraopet and Nallabelly.

According to 2011 Census, population was residing in 961 villages and 15 Towns among which 2 were

Statutory Towns namely, Warangal Municipal Corporation and Jangaon Municipality, 13 New Census 2

Towns and 1 Urban Agglomeration namely Warangal. Over 377.37 km area was recorded as under urban

land use with a total urban population of 9, 92,333 persons. Of the 51 Mandals in the district 50 were

declared as Rural and one as Urban.

12.3.10 Warangal





Warangal (M.Corp.+OG) is categorized as Class-I Town; other urban centres are categorized as 1 in Class-II,

3 in Class-III, 7 in Class-IV and 3 in Class-V Towns. Warangal (M.Corp. + OG) has the largest population in the

district (7, 04,570 persons) while Shivunipalle (CT) was the smallest with a population of 6,242 persons.

The district is famous for the Kakatiya Thoranam (Archway that is the emblem of the Telangana State),

Thousand Pillar Temple, Bhadrakali Temple, the Warangal Fort, Ramappa Temple, Ranganathaswamy

Temple, Shambhu Lingeswara or Swayambhu Temple, etc besides the NIIT. Warangal is to be developed as

a major IT hub, industrial corridor and a SMART city.

The district is drained by Godavari River and its tributaries namely, Manner, Akeru and Maneru rivers that

have formed large perennial lakes and tanks in the northern part of the district. Salivagu, Moruvanchavagu,

Peddavagu are large streams while Parkal, Lakkavaram, Ghanpur and Ramappa are large lakes in the

district. Forests belong to tropical dry deciduous and tropical thorny type. Flora and fauna have been

adversely affected by economic development due to the construction of national highway. The district is not

rich in mineral resources and some deposits of Laterite, iron ore of dolomite class and quartz are available.

Granites are mined and used for building purpose.

The Telangana state was setup on 2 June 2014 after witnessing a period of political turmoil with the

erstwhile Andhra Pradesh over sharing of revenue in past decades for development (Planning Dept., Govt

of Telangana, 2016). The new government has drawn a vision for the overall development of Telangana

state calling it the 'Bangaru (Golden) Telangana' initiative. The key challenge for the Telangana State is to

overcome the legacy of neglect and creation of an enabling political, social, and economic environment,

which promotes investment, growth and human development. The State has initiated a process to

eliminate disoriented policies and introduce reforms for a participatory, accountable, and a development-

oriented governance structure. The initiatives taken by the Government for achieving the vision of

'Bangaru Telangana', has been broadly grouped into three categories: (i) measures to accelerate economic

growth, (ii) improving infrastructure facilities, (iii) programmes targeting social welfare and inclusive

growth. All of these are paramount to the process of urbanization in Telangana and driving the economy.

Telangana has a total urban population of 1,36,08,665 persons according to Census 2011 which accounts

for 38.88 % of the state's population. They reside in 160 urban centres in the state. There are 15 Class I cities

with a total urban population of 97,33,523 persons, 26 Class II cities with a population of 16,52,792, 41

Class III towns with a population of 13,58,263, 43 Class IV towns with a population of 4,87,937, 32 Class-V

with a population of 1,88,938 and 3 Class VI towns with a population of around 11706 persons in the state.

Figure 12.1 indicates the relative growth and distribution of urban population in the various districts in

Telangana, while Figure 12.2 indicates the actual density of human population in various districts. There

has been a steady increase in urban population in Rangareddy district since 1981 however the saturation in

Hyderabad metropolitan region is obvious during the same period although it served as a stimulus for

economic development in the region. Figure 12.3 indicates the massive increase in density of population in

Hyderabad Urban Agglomeration (HUA) which increased by over 68 times from 266 in 1961 to over 18172 2persons / km by 2011 which also fuelled influx of population into neighboring Rangareddy district.

According to 2011 Census, Hyderabad district had 100% urban population, while Rangareddy district had

over 70% of urban population; the district grew at a rate of 16% since 2001.

12.4 Urbanization process in Telangana

12.5. Pressure

12.5.1 Growth of Urban Population



Fig.12.1 Urban population distribution in Telangana

Fig. 12.2 Change in density of Urban population in Telangana

rdThe 3 fastest growing urban population was seen in Adilabad while Warangal and Khammam grew at a

comparatively slower pace. Mahabubnagar district had the least share of urban population, i.e., about 15%.

15

.92

15

.94

10

.72

8.5

1

65

.88

8.9

7

6.6

9 13

.43

13

.59

19

.34

19

.21

15

.79

11

.97

10

0

23

.83

10

.93

11

.38

17

.24

16

.98

23

.13

20

.27

20

.55

14

.47

10

0

47

.23

11

.12

11

.87

19

.39

20

.23

26

.53

18

.11

19

.44

14

.36

10

0

54

.2

10

.57

13

.32

19

.2

19

.81

27

.73

23

.06

25

.19

24

10

0

70

.22

14

.99

18

.99 28

.25

25

.16

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Urb

an

Po

pu

lati

on

(%

)

District

1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

62

12

7

13

6

12

9

86 1

11

12

0

6780

16

5

16

6

152

10

5 12

8

14

5

86102

21

1

20

6

18

6

13

3 16

0 179

10

9

21

1

12

9

25

6

25

7

23

4

167 20

0 21

9

13

8

34

0

170

321

31

9

31

3

220 24

5 27

3

19

7

70

7

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Den

sity

of

Po

pu

lati

on

( p

erso

ns/

km

2)

District

1961

1971

1981

1991

2011

Source: Census of India -2011, GoI

After Hyderabad, highest density of urban population in Telangana was seen in Rangareddy district,

followed by Nizambad, Karimnagar and Medak. Density of population was least in Adilabad city compared

to towns and cities in other districts.



Fig. 12.3 Massive increase in density of population in Hyderabad urban area since 1961

2In Hyderabad district the density of population was 18172 persons / km , while it was over 700 persons in

2Rangareddy district which was formed in 1971 while in rest of the state it was less than 300 persons / km

as seen in Figures 12.2 and 12.3. Figure 12.4 indicates total actual population in various districts since 1961

while Figure 12.5 indicates variations in total population in each district during the decade since 1961.

Growth in Khammam, Adilabad, Medak, Karimnagar, Nalgonda, Warangal, Hyderabad and Nizambad was

slower (Fig. 12.3) than in Mahabubnagar, Medak and Rangareddy. In fact actual growth in Rangareddy

surpassed all other districts since its origin in 1978 (Fig.12.4 & 12.5). During the decade 1981-91 there was

a large variation in urban population in Rangareddy district followed by Hyderabad which is evident from

Figure 12.5.

Khammam and Adilabad grew at the same pace during 1981-91 although by 1991-2001 Adilabad gained

momentum (Fig. 12.5). During 1991- 2001 Rangareddy district grew by over 60% and continued at a fast

pace in the following decade also, growth in Hyderabad lagged owing to area saturation.

Annexure 1 depicts population pressure at sub-district and urban local body (ULB) levels in Hyderabad

and other districts in Telangana. Census 2011 provides data at Sub-district, municipality (M), Municipal

Corporation (MC), Out-growth (OG), Census Town (CT) and at ward level within municipal level, which was

used to depict the distribution of population pressure. In Census 2001, data in such detail was unavailable.

266 362

10418

14499

18172

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

11000

12000

13000

14000

15000

16000

17000

18000

19000

20000

1961 1971 1981 1991 2011

De

nsi

ty o

f Po

pu

lati

on

( p

ers

on

s/km

2 )

Density of Population in Hyderabad District

HyderabadSource: Census of India -2011, GoI



Fig.12.4 Actual population distribution in Telangana since 1961

10

.09

29

2

10

.22

01

3

16

.21

51

5

12

.27

36

1

11

.91

66

8

0

15

.90

68

6

15

.74

94

6

15

.45

43

5

10

.57

54

2

12

.88

34

8

13

.13

26

8

19

.63

92

8

14

.67

94

4

16

.82

28

4

0

19

.32

08

2

18

.19

73

8

18

.70

93

3

13

.69

89

2

16

.39

00

3

16

.79

68

3 24

.36

32

3

18

.07

13

9

22

.51

00

9

15

.82

06

2 24

.44

61

9

22

.79

68

5

23

.00

29

5

17

.51

57

4

20

.82

47

9

20

.37

62

1

30

.37

48

6

22

.69

8

31

.45

93

9

25

.51

96

6

30

.77

05

28

.52

09

2

28

.18

83

2

22

.15

80

9

24

.88

00

3

23

.45

68

5

34

.91

82

2

26

.70

09

7

38

.29

75

3

35

.75

06

4

35

.13

93

4

32

.47

98

2

32

.46

00

4

25

.78

92

7

27

.41

23

9

25

.51

33

5

37

.76

26

9

30

.33

28

8 39

.43

32

3

52

.96

74

1

40

.53

02

8

34

.88

80

9

35

.12

57

6

26

.07

06

6

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Adilabad Nizamabad Karimnagar Medak Hyderabad Rangareddy Mahabubnagar Nalgonda Warangal Khammam

Po

pu

lati

on

(P

ers

on

s in

la

cs)

District

1961

1971

1981

1991

2001

2011

Source: Registrar General of Census, GoI

Fig. 12.5: Variations in district-wise total population in Telangana since 1961

27

.65

29

.01

21

.12

19

.1

41

.17

0

21

.46

16

.82

21

.06

29

.54

27

.32

27

.9

24

.05

23

.11

33

.81

0

26.

53

25

.28

22.

95 27

.86

26

.95

21

.31

24

.68

25

.6

39

.76

60

.32

25.

87

25

.11

22

.54

26

.5

19

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15

.12

14

.96

17

.64

21

.74

40

.09

14

.2

13

.88

15

.15

16

.39

10

.18

8.7

7

8.1

5 13.

6

2.9

7

48

.16

15

.34

7.4

1

8.2

1

8.4

7

1961-1971 1971-1981 1981-1991 1991-2001 2001-2011

Source: Directoratea of Census Operations, Hyderabad



12.5.2 Growth of Urban Slums

Urbanization has led to growth of slums in Telangana as indicated in Figure 12.6 wherein share of slum

population to total urban population in 2001 and 2011 is indicated. Hyderabad and Rangareddy districts

have a relatively higher share of slum population owing to higher share of urban population despite having

resources both financial and administrative to correct it. Besides this, Karimnagar, Warangal, Adilabad and

Nizambad also showed an increase in slum population indicating a slacking of urban infrastructure growth

and development. Figure 12.7 indicates the amenities available to slum population in all these districts in a

survey conducted in 2009 by state administration (District Census Handbook, Govt. of AP., 2011). For

instance, access to drinking water was poor in 6 out of 7 slums present in towns and city of Adilabad. In

Karimnagar district there were slums in 6 towns and drinking water was readily accessible to people in

only two of them namely, Jagtial and Sircilla. In Khammam district there were 6 slums out of which drinking

water was accessible in only 3 slums namely, Kothagudum, Yellandu and Sathupalle while in Manugur slum

people were facing hardship due to lack of drinking water. In Nizambad availability of piped drinking water

was poor in all four urban slums and the situation in Kamareddy and Armur was worse despite ready

accessibility to River Godavari flowing along the north-western border of the district.

Fig.12. 6 Growth in slums in Telangana indicating pressure on urban resources (2011)

In Medak in 2 out of the 6 slums, accessibility to drinking water was poor. These slums were located in

Siddipet and Sadasivpet Mandals. In Rangareddy district slum population in Tandur Mandal had poor

access to drinking water while in Warangal all urban slums had poor accessibility to drinking water in

2009. In Hyderabad despite a huge slum population, the ratio of civic amenities like toilets, drinking water

and electricity to number of households was poor. In contrast in Nalgonda and Mahabubnagar districts,

drinking water was available to slum population in all four Mandals of each of the districts. This

development was possible owing to the laying of Krishna River Water Supply pipelines for drinking water

supply to Hyderabad in 2007-2008. Water was drawn from Krishna River and pipelines were laid across

both districts of Mahabubnagar and Nalgonda that lie to the south and southeast of Hyderabad. As a result

both benefited from this drinking water mission. Figure 12.8 indicates the anomaly and facilities available

to the slum population in central and southern districts of Telangana.

2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011

MBNR RR HYD MDK NZB ADB KNR WGL KMM NLG

Total Population 193135 356278 168895 325478 360762 393656 118702 443129 358441 533063 514921 511075 616879 837322 577968 756964 372491 455305 297675 419388

Slum Population 51481 138694 549066 815802 119930 116418 62622 168331 198453 256695 237460 269194 190852 344158 230190 260877 179487 192734 106610 163134

0

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

5000000

6000000

Total Population

Slum Population

Source: Census of India 2011 & Statistical Abstract AP 2004 (Pg no. 35-37)

Po

pu

lati

on

(N

o. o

f P

ers

on

s )



Fig. 12.7 Amenities in slums in districts of northern Telangana in 2009

Fig. 12.8 Amenities available to slum dwellers in central and southern districts of Telangana

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Ho

use

ho

lds

/ A

me

nit

ies

(No

.)

Mandal

Civic & Other Amenities in Slums in Adilabad (2009)

Households Toilets Drinking water Electricity Connections

Source: Census of India -2011, GoI.

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Ramagundam Karimnagar Jagtial Koratla Metpalle Sircilla

Ho

use

ho

lds

/ A

me

nit

ies

(No

.)

Mandal

Civic & other Amenities in Slums in Karimnagar (2009)

Households Toilets

Drinking water Electricity Connections


0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

Armur Nizamabad Bodhan Kamareddy

Ho

use

ho

lds

/ A

men

itie

s (N

o.)

Mandal

Civic & other Amenities in Slums in Nizamabad (2009)



0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Khammam Manugur Palwancha Kothagudam Yellendu SathupalleH

ouse

hold

s /

Am

enit

ies

(No.

)Mandal

Civic & other Amenities in Slums in Khammam (2009)



0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

Medak Siddipet Zahirabad Sadasivpet Sangareddy GHMC ( M corp +OG)

Ho

use

ho

lds

/ A

me

nit

ies

(No

.)

Mandal

Civic & other Amenities in Slums in Medak (2009)



0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

180000

200000

GHMC (M corp + OG ) Vikarabad Tandur

Hou

seho

lds

/ A

men

ities

(No.

)

Mandal

Civic & other Amenities in Slums in Rangareddy (2009)

Households Toilets



0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

Mahabubnagar Narayanpet Wanaparthy Gadwal

Hou

seho

lds

/ A

men

itie

s (N

o.)

Mandal

Civic & other Amenities in Slums in Mahabubnagar (2009)

Households Toilets

Drinking water Electricity connections


0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Warangal Jangaon

Ho

use

ho

lds

/ A

men

itie

s (N

o.)

Mandal

Civic & Other Amenities in Slums in Warangal (2009)

Households Toilets



0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

Households Toilets Drinking water

Electricity Connections

Ho

use

ho

lds

/ A

men

itie

s (N

o.)

Civic & other Amenities in Slums in Hyderabad (2009)

GHMC (M corp + OG ) Secunderabad


0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Bhongir Suryapet Nalgonda Miryalaguda

Hou

seho

lds

/ A

men

itie

s (N

o.)

Mandal

Civic & other Amenities in Slums in Nalgonda (2009)

Households Toilets





Increase in number of slums in various districts in Telangana indicates that development of urban

infrastructure is not keeping pace with the increase in urban population. Slum population has increased in

all districts during the period 2001- 2011 as indicated in Figures 12.9 & 12.10. In case of Adilabad slums

grew up in Bhainsa town by 2011. In Nizambad a new slum was reported in Kamareddy and the one in

Bodhan grew. In Karimnagar, new slums were reported in Metpalle and Koratla. In Khammam, new slums

were reported in Sathupalle, Yellandu and Manugur.

Fig. 12.9: Growth in slum population during 2001-2011

In case of Medak, new slums sprung in Medak city, Zahirabad, Sadasivpet and area adjoining GHMC region.

In case of Warangal, slum grew in Jangaon. In case of Rangareddy where 12 municipalities and Hyderabad

Municipal Corporation were reporting to MCH authorities, the subsuming of all municipalities to form HUA

has done away with collection of data at municipal level (Fig.12.10). New slums were reported in Tandur

and Vikarabad. In Hyderabad, slum population increased in 2011. Similarly in Mahabubnagar district, new

slums were reported in Narayanpet and Wanaparthy. In Nalgonda district, slum population grew in 2011 in

Bhongir and Miryalguda.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Total Town Population

Slum Population Total Town Population

Slum Population

2001 2011

Po

pu

lati

on

(in

La

cs )

Increase in Slums in Towns & Cities in Adilabad

Bhainsa

Mandamarri

Bellampalle

Nirmal

Kagaznagaar

Mancheriyal

Adilabad


0

1

2

3

4

5

6



Slum Population

2001 2011

Po

pu

lati

on

(in

La

cs )

Increase in Slums in Towns & Cities in NizamabadKamareddy

Armur

Bodhan

Nizamabad


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9



Slum Population

2001 2011

Pop

ula

tio

n (

in L

acs

)

Increase in Slums in Towns & Cities in KarimnagarMetpalle

Koratla

Sircilla

Jagtial

Ramagundam

Karimnagar


0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5



Slum Population

2001 2011

Pop

ula

tio

n (i

n L

acs

)

Increase in Slums in Towns & Cities in Khammam

Sathupalle

Yellandu

Manugur

Palwancha

Kothagudem

Khammam




Fig. 12.10 Growth of slum population in central and southern districts in Telangana.

12.5.3 Water Requirement and Shortages

Telangana with one major semi-perennial river like River Godavari is dependent on groundwater

resources. Godavari which rises in Western Ghats in Maharashtra enters Telangana from west and flows

east and southeast-wards between Adilabad, Nizambad and Karimnagar districts and flows into Bay of

Bengal after forming a delta in Andhra Pradesh in the vicinity of Rajamundry. The volume of water in River

Godavari is dependent on southwest monsoon and as the river traverses through rain-shadow region in

Maharashtra into Telangana, the volume of water in off-season is very less, thus making dependence on

groundwater very critical for the region. Figure 12.11 indicates the temporal change in water table in

various districts in Telangana during the pre- and post-monsoon periods. Annexure 2 indicates the demand

for water in urban areas in Telangana. According to BIS 1172: 1993 & 1998, water requirement per capita /

day was 135 liters. Graphs indicate water requirement in various cities, towns and wards in Hyderabad

and Rangareddy district based on 2011 Census.

Figure 12.12 indicates the stage of groundwater development in the various districts in Telangana while

Figure 12.13 indicates availability of water resource in command and non-command areas within each

district to meet increasing demand for water resource as a result of urbanization. The term stage of

groundwater development indicates the level of exploitation of groundwater for domestic, industrial and

agricultural use. Nalgonda and Karimnagar have nearly exploited over 70% of their groundwater resource

while Mahabubnagar has exploited it to nearly 60%. While agriculture is a major user of groundwater

followed by industry and domestic, shortage of adequate water resource would hamper or restrict

urbanization process and will add to the pressure. Medak and Khammam draw nearly 60% of their reserve

while Warangal and Adilabad draw around 30% each. Agricultural sector is considered as majorly


00.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

44.5

5



Slum Population

2001 2011

Pop

ula

tio

n (i

n L

acs

)

Increase in Slums in Towns & Cities in MedakGHMC M.C.

Sangareddy

Sadasivpet

Zahirabad

Siddipet

Medak


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Total Town & Municipality Population

Slum Population Total GHMC Area & Vikarabad & Thandur

Population

Slum Population

2001 2011

Popu

lati

on (i

n La

cs)

Increase in Slums in Towns & Cities in RangareddyTandur Vikarabad

Rajendranagar L.B.Nagar

Uppal Kalan Kapra

Malkajgiri Alwal

Quthubullapur Kukatpaly

Serilingampally Hyd M.C.


0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4



Slum Population

2001 2011

Pop

ula

tio

n (i

n L

acs)

Increase in Slums in Towns & Cities in MahabubnagarNarayanpet

Wanaparthy

Gadwal

Mahabubnagar


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8



Slum Population

2001 2011

Popu

latio

n (in

Lac

s )

Increase in Slums in Towns & Cities in Warangal

Jangaon Warangal


05

1015202530354045



Slum Population

2001 2011

Pop

ula

tio

n (i

n L

acs)

Increase in Slums in Towns & Cities in Hyderabad

Secunderabad

Hyderabad M.C.


0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

Total Town Population Slum Population Total Town Population Slum Population

2001 2011

Popu

latio

n (in

Lac

s )

Increase in Slums in Towns & Cities in Nalgonda

Bhongir

Miryalaguda

Suryapeta

Nalgonda




Fig.12.11 Growing pressure on water-table in Telangana districts (2000-2015)

Fig.12.12 Stage of ground water development in Telangana

0

5

10

15

20

25

36647 38473 40299 42125 36831 38657 40483 42309

Pre - Monsoon Post - Monsoon

Dep

th o

f G

rou

nd

wat

er (

m)

District - wise Pre & Post Monsoon Average Water Table

Adilabad

Karimnagar

Khammam

Mahabubnagar

Medak

Nalgonda

Nizamabad

RR-Hyd

Warangal

Source: Groundwater Status in Telangana

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Sta

ge

of

De

velo

pm

en

t (%

)

District

Stage of Groundwater Development in Telangana

Stage of Ground Water Development (%)

Source: Central Groundwater Board 2014

responsible for this decline in groundwater-table. Figure 12.14 indicates the various aspects of

groundwater development in Telangana viz., annual use, net availability and rechargeable resource in

various districts in the state.



Fig. 12.13 Status of groundwater exploitation in Command & non- command areas (2014)

Fig. 12.14 Various aspects of Groundwater resource in Telangana(2014)

Availability of groundwater in non-command and command area was also analysed. In non-command

areas where there is no access to irrigation projects or canal network, groundwater resource is critical,

however its replenishment is hampered due to concretization of surfaces in cities leading to poor

infiltration opportunity and consequent stress on available water resource in urban areas. In such areas

preservation of surface water bodies like lakes, cheruvu, ponds and river streams are critical. Government

policy interventions like implementation of AP-WALTA (2002) and Mission Kakatiya (2015) are critical to

preserve, conserve and protect water resources.

Figure 12.15 indicates the availability of groundwater resource in non-command areas in various districts

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Stag

e o

f G

rou

nd

wat

er D

evel

op

men

t (%

)

District

Command

Non-Command


0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

Gro

un

dw

ate

r R

eso

urc

es

(ha.

m)

District

Annual Replenishable ResourcesNet Availability




in Telangana. Khammam, Adilabad and Mahabubnagar have a high net availability of groundwater but

Rangareddy has limited resource and a growing demand. This imbalance would eventually restrict the

process of urbanization in the Hyderabad Urban Agglomeration (HUA) and adjoining Rangareddy district.

In command areas within Karimnagar and Nalgonda districts, there is high net availability of groundwater

resource followed by Warangal, Khammam and Nizambad (Figure 12.16). Groundwater availability was

found to be poor in Medak and practically nil in case of Rangareddy. This lack of water resource as a result of

lack of irrigation projects in the district could hamper urbanization process in near future.

Fig.12.15 Pressure on Groundwater resources in Non-Command-areas in Telangana (2010-2011)

Fig.12.16 Pressure on Groundwater in Command-areas in Telangana (2010-2011)

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

180000

Sta

tus

of

Gro

un

dw

ate

r (h

a.m

)

District

Net Annual Availability

Existing Gross draft for domestic & industrial

Net Availability for future development


0100002000030000400005000060000700008000090000

100000

Sta

tus

of

Gro

un

dw

ate

r (h

a.m

)

District

Net Annual Availability

Existing Gross draft for domestic & industrial

Net Availability for future development




12.5.4 Regional Scenario of Groundwater Resource and Draft

As groundwater is a critical resource in non-command areas in the state, the state of its draft was analysed.

The Central Groundwater Board, Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation,

Govt., of India (CGWB, 2014) assesses the state of groundwater development which actually connotes the

level of exploitation or draft of groundwater at Mandal / Tehsil level within districts in the country. The

dynamics of groundwater resource as on 31 March, 2011 report was published in July, 2014. The

organization categorizes groundwater stage in each of the Mandal / Tehsil in the country as indicated in

Table 12.1.

Based on this categorization of stage of groundwater development in the state, all the Mandals with various

districts of Telangana were analysed. It was seen that in Adilabad in 7 Mandals groundwater resource was

in stress; of these six were at semi-critical state while in one Mandal named Nirmal, groundwater was over-

exploited. In case of Nizambad in 12 Mandals groundwater was stressed; it was semi-critical in 8 of them,

critical in one and over-exploited in three (Fig. 12.17). The situation in Khammam, Karimnagar and

Warangal, the situation was severe. It was semi-critical in one Mandal in Khammam, semi-critical in 4 and

over exploited in 11 Mandals in Karimnagar and 7 semi-critical, 4 critical and 10 over-exploited Mandals

in Warangal (Fig. 12.18). In central Telangana, it was over-exploited in Hyderabad, semi-critical in 10

Mandals in Rangareddy district and semi-critical in 7 and over-exploited in 14 Mandals in Medak district.

This is indicative of the fact that present state of urbanization in HUA region and industrial development in

Rangareddy and Medak districts has taken a toll on groundwater resource (Fig. 12.19).

Table 12.1 Categorization of stage of groundwater exploitation in India (CGWB, 2014)

Fig.12.17 Stage of groundwater exploitation in Adilabad & Nizambad

Stage of groundwater

development

Significant long-term water-

level decline trend

Category

Pre-monsoon Post-

monsoon

70% and 70% and 90% and 100% No Yes Over-Exploited

>100% Yes No Over-Exploited

>100% Yes Yes Over-Exploited

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Stag

e of

Gro

undw

ater

Exp

loit

atio

n (%

)

Mandal >100% Over - Expoited

>90% & 70% &



Fig. 12.18 State of groundwater draft serving as pressure on urbanization process in Khammam, Karimnagar & Warangal districts

Fig.12.19 Pressure on groundwater in HUA region and districts of Rangareddy & Medak

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Tiru

mal

alay

apal

em

Chan

durt

hy

Elka

thur

thy

Siric

illa

Vela

gatu

r

Bhee

mad

evar

apal

ly

Chig

urum

amid

i

Gan

gadh

ara

Hus

naba

d

kath

alap

ur

Kesh

avap

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