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CHAPTER - 12
URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Urban development in India will be the biggest sunrise industry that any country has seen in any part of the world.
Kushal Pal Singh
Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India
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This chapter deals with Urbanization Process in
India and the role of United Nations to improve life
in Urban Centres in the World Urbanization
Process in Telangana in Historical Times. It also
talks about growth of Urban Population, Water
Requirement and Shortages and the slow growth of
Economic Sectors, Land Use and Land Cover
(LULC) change in Urban Areas. This chapter also
stress on Pollution in Rivers in Telangana and on
the Water Quality in Surface Water bodies. It also
talks about the state of Infrastructure Facilities,
type of Industries in Telangana as well as on
Mining Sector and on Industrial Policy of
Telangana.
Discusses on Telangana State Industrial
Infrastructure Corporation and the Role of Public
and Private Enterprises in Urbanization process in
Telangana. This chapter highlights on
Information and Communication Technology,
Tourism Geospatial analysis of Urban Centre's and
Policy Directions, Demographic pressure &
opportunities and the Need to develop & maintain
Urban Vegetation by proper parking lots to ease
vehicular traffic in cities and affordable homes in
Hyderabad and the Economic growth engines for
employment, maintenance of Roads, urban water
system and the need to reduce noise Pollution and
talks about Policy initiatives.
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CHAPTER 12
URBAN DEVELOPMENT
12.0 Introduction
12.1 Urbanization Process in India
At present over 54 % of the world population resides in the urban areas (UN, 2014) and it is estimated that
by 2060 over 66% of the population will be in urban areas. According to Census-2011, in India, over 37.7
crore growing at a rate of 0.3%, lived in 8000 urban centres while 83.3 crore lived in rural areas
(http://www.censusindia.gov.in). By 2011, there were 3 cities with 10 million population and 53 cities
with >1 million population. It is estimated that by 2031, there would be 6 cities with > 10 million
populations while the medium and small towns will swell to house the growing urban population (IIHS,
2016; UN, 2014).
The UN-Habitat a major UN agency mandated to promote socially and environmentally sustainable town
and cities with the goal of providing adequate shelter to all has estimated that 6 out of every there people
in the (IISD, 2016) world would reside in urban areas by
2030. This unprecedented demographic shift will result in environmental, economic, social and spatial th
challenge, already faced by major cities in India including Hyderabad in Telangana which is currently 6
largest urban centre in the country.
In 2011 in India (Census of India 2011) the 37.7 crore urban population from a total population of 121 crore
in the country lived in 7935 towns including 4041 statutory towns, 3894 census towns, 475 urban
agglomerations and 981 urban out growths. In 2001 the urban population in India was 28.6 crores that
lived in 3799 statutory towns, 1362 census towns, 384 urban agglomerations and 962 urban out growths.
In Telangana state the number of persons above the age of 6 in urban area in 2011 was 4.3 crores compared
to over 3.7 crores in 2001. This is indicative of an increase in migration to urban areas by young couple
essentially in search of employment in urban areas. In rural area there was a decrease in no. of persons
below the age 6, it was 12.1 crore a decline from 12.6 crore recorded in 2001, however, it was nearly 3 times
higher than in urban areas. There was an increase in female births in urban areas compared to rural areas in
Telangana. Urbanization also led to increase in literacy as total literacy among persons above the age 7 was
estimated as 84.1% in urban areas with higher level of literacy among males (88.8) than compared to
women (79.1%) in 2011 in the state. Other tenets of urban areas i.e., higher share of working population
(main workers class) showed a huge increase in Telangana, between 2001 and 2011. In 2011 total urban
main workers were 11.6 crores which consisted of 9.51 crores male and 2.15 crore female. In 2001 the total
main workers were 8.3 crore of which 7.10 crore were male and 1.27 crore female.
According to the Census of India 2011 document, a Village is a basic unit for rural areas and termed a
revenue village that has a definite surveyed boundary. It may comprise of one or more hamlets but the
entire village is treated as one unit for presentation of data. In un- surveyed areas, like villages within forest
areas, each habitation area with locally recognized boundaries is treated as one village. A Rural-Urban area
is considered as 'town' for urban areas and 'village' for rural areas. The urban area comprises two types of
towns viz; Statutory towns having a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified town area
committee, and Census towns where there is a minimum population of 5,000 persons with 75% male
population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits and density of population is at least 400 per sq. km. Urban
Agglomeration (UA) on the other hand, is a continuous urban spread constituting a town and its adjoining
urban outgrowths (OGs) or two or more physically contiguous towns together with or without urban
outgrowths of such towns. In some cases, railway colonies, university campuses, port areas, military camps
etc; may come up near a statutory town outside its statutory limits but within the revenue limits of a village
or villages contiguous to the town. Each such town together with its outgrowth(s) is treated as an
integrated urban area and is designated as 'urban agglomeration'. In Census of India 2011, an urban area
Environment Protection Training & Research Institute, HyderabadMinistry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India
283State of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015Chp.12
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was considered UA if it had a core town or at least one of the constituent towns was a statutory town. Total
population of an Urban Agglomeration (i.e. all the constituents put together) was to be at least 20,000 as
per the 2001 Census. Out Growth (OG) was extension of a village or hamlet. A City was a Town with a
population of 100,000.
Census of India (2001) has classified towns and cities based on the size of population residing in them.
U.A.s/Towns with 100,000 and above population are classified as Class I U.A.s/Towns. Towns with 50,000
to 99,999 population are classified as Class II towns, 20,000 to 49,999 population are Class III towns,
population with 10,000- 19,999 are Class IV towns, population with 5,000 and 9,999 are Class V towns and
towns with less than 5,000 population are Class VI towns.
The Census of India has notified Slum area with enactment of Slum Areas (Improvement and Clearance)
Act, 1956. The Central Government has defined slums as (a) Areas where buildings are unfit for human
habitation; or (b) are by reasons of dilapidation, overcrowding, faulty arrangement and design of such
buildings, narrowness or faulty arrangement of streets, lack of ventilation, light or sanitation facilities, or
any combination of these factors, are detrimental to safety, health or morals of residents.
Mega city concept is a phenomenon of present times and is defined in term of metropolitan city in the form
of large size, problem of management of civic amenities and capacity to absorb the relatively high growth of
population. Indian Census in 1991 treated the population size of 5 million and above as the cut-off point to
identify a place as the mega city. Whereas, for the purpose of inclusion in Centrally Sponsored Scheme for
Infrastructure Development in Mega cities the Ministry of Urban Affairs and employment, Department of
Urban Development adopted the criteria of 4 million and above population as per 1991 Census for Mega
Cities. In 2001 Census, cities with 10 million and above population have been treated as Mega cities and the
same criteria of population was been adopted in 2011 census.
More recently since 2015, the central government has come up with the view of developing SMART cities in
order to improve and make our cities world class.
The phenomena of urbanization has been accompanied with economic development but the ecological
problems like pollution of soil, water and air, breakdown of urban infrastructure facilities due to heavy
influx of population, uncontrolled growth of slums with poor living conditions give rise to crimes that
threaten societies and nation states. Hence the UN set up the UN Habitat council to make urban spaces safe
for all. The Habitat II conference was convened in Istanbul, Turkey, during 3-14 June 1996 which was the th
20 anniversary of Habitat I. The Habitat Agenda and the Istanbul Declaration on human settlements,
adopted by the conference, outlined over 100 commitments and strategies to address shelter and
sustainable human settlements. With the adoption of the Habitat Agenda, the international community set
itself the twin goals of achieving adequate shelter for all and ensuring sustainable human settlements
development. Habitat II also reaffirmed the commitment to the full and progressive realization of the right nd
to adequate housing. The 22 session of the UN-Habitat governing council took place in Nairobi, Kenya
during 30 March to 3 April 2009.
World Urban Forum designated by UNGA as an advisory body, is an open-ended think-tank designed to
encourage debate and discussion on the challenges of urbanization, and to strengthen the coordination of
international support for the implementation of the Habitat Agenda. In 2011, the UN-Habitat governing
council adopted the theme sustainable urban development through expanding equitable access to land and
housing, basic services and infrastructure to all. This template for urbanization has been accepted by all. th
The 7 world urban forum took place in Sept., 2015, at UN Headquarters in New York. All member nations
promised to carry out transformative commitments for a sustainable urban development in the world. The
Forum approved the goals of development of smarter and more sustainable cities. In 2016 the annual
global forum will meet to discuss strategies to improve urban resilience and adaptation.
12.2 Role of UN to improve life in urban centre's in the world
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284State of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015Chp.12
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12.3 Urbanization process in Telangana in historical times
12.3.1 Adilabad
Adilabad district is located to the north of Hyderabad at 18.40' -19.56' N and 77.46'-80.01'E and is bound by
Yeotmal and Chanda districts of Maharashtra in the north, Karimnagar and Nizamabad districts in the
south and by Nanded district of Maharashtra in the west. The district has population of 20.7 lakh persons 2
which accounts for 3.13% of total population of Telangana State and extends over 16128 km accounting
for 5.90% of total area of the State. 2Adilabad was a sub-district named Sirpur-Tandur extending over 13025 km prior to 1905. In 1905 the
erstwhile Hyderabad Government reconstituted the district with amalgamations from erstwhile
Nizamabad and Karimnagar districts upgrading it into an independent district known as Adilabad. In
November, 1956, when the states were re-organized, it becomes a part of Andhra Pradesh and in 2014 with th
bifurcation of the State it became a part of Telangana State. The region was under Muslim rule in 13 and th
14 century and in 1956 during Reorganisation of States, the Hyderabad State of Nizam was trifurcated
and nine predominantly Telugu speaking districts of Adilabad, Nizamabad, Karimnagar, Medak,
Hyderabad, Mahabubnagar, Nalgonda, Warangal and Khammam known as Telangana region were
transferred to Andhra Pradesh, while the predominantly Kannada speaking districts of Raichur, Gulbarga
and Bidar were transferred to Mysore State (renamed as Karnataka state) and the Marathi speaking area in
Marathwada comprising of Aurangabad, Osmanabad, Bhir, Parbhani and Nanded and a portion of Bidar
was transferred to Maharashtra State. Since June 2014 with the formation of Telangana State, the district is
part of the State.
Adilabad consists of 52 Mandals and is organized into five revenue divisions viz., Adilabad Division
consisting of 10 Mandals namely, Adilabad, Talamadugu, Tamsi, Jainad, Bela, Boath, Bazarhathnoor, Ichoda,
Gudihathnoor and Neradigonda; Utnoor Division consisting of 8 Mandals viz., Utnoor, Inderavelly, Narnoor,
Jainoor, Sirpur(U), Tiryani, Kerameri and Wankdi; Nirmal Division consisting of 13 Mandal viz.,
Lokeswaram, Kuntala, Sarangapur, Nirmal, Dilawarpur, Mamda, Laxmanchanda, Kubeer, Bhainsa,
Mudhole, Tanoor, Khanapur and Kaddam (Peddur); Mancherial Division consisting of 12 Mandals
including Jannaram, Dandepalle, Luxettipet, Mancherial, Mandamarri, Kasipet, Chennur, Kotapalle,
Vemanpalle, Nennal, Jaipur and Bellampalle and Asifabad Division with 9 Mandals viz., Asifabad, Rebbana,
Tandur, Sirpur (T), Kouthala, Bejjur, Dahegaon, Bhimini and Kagaznagar.
There were 1,748 villages in Adilabad district according to 1991 Census, out of which 19 villages were
subsumed into urban area. By 2011 Census, there are 1,725 villages out of which 135 were uninhabited,
1,590 were habited and 22 Towns of which 7 were statutory towns as Municipalities, 15 were Census towns 2 and three Urban Agglomerations viz., Adilabad, Mandamarri and Mancherial. Over 353.70 km area in the
district is under urban land use with a total urban population of 760259 persons out of which over 84661
persons were involved in house and other industrial activities.
The district has a rugged terrain, several rivers draining into Godavari River and tropical dry deciduous
forests with diverse flora and fauna. Soils are rich red loam with traps of deep brown to black cotton soils.
Teak predominate the forest stand. The district is dotted with surface water bodies viz., tanks, lakes and
ponds while it also has some major irrigation projects like Sri Ram Sagar project, and SRS canal besides
several medium and small ones. The district is also well endowed with mineral reserves like coal, iron,
manganese, clay, limestone and construction material which have given rise to industries and consequently
development of settlements by workers leading to development of urban centers like Sirpur-Kazagnagar,
etc.
According to Census of India 2011, Adilabad and Mancherial towns were Class I cities with over 100,000
persons population. There were 4 class-II cities namely, Kagaznagar, Nirmal, Bellampalle and Mandamarri
with population of 50,000 to 99999 persons, two Class III category towns with 10,000 19999 persons
namely Asifabad and Bhainsa, 5 in Class IV towns and 4 in Class V category and none in Class VI. During
Environment Protection Training & Research Institute, HyderabadMinistry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India
285State of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015Chp.12
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Environment Protection Training & Research Institute, HyderabadMinistry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India
286State of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015Chp.12
every Census the number of Census Towns and Statutory Towns changes due to addition of new Census
Towns declassification of old Census Towns, notifying of new Statutory Towns, de-notifying of old
Statutory Towns etc. For the purpose of analysis of varied demographic characteristics urban areas have
been divided into six classes by size of population of the towns in the district as discussed earlier. According
to the Census, urban population in Adilabad was distributed among 22 urban units of which 7 were
statutory towns and the remaining 15 were Census Towns (CTs). Adilabad Municipality has largest
population (1,17,167) where as Kasipet (CT) is the smallest town with a population of 5,133. There was no
town in the district with < 5,000 population in the district. The district is famous for Basar temple the seat
of learning of Devi Saraswati, Bellampalle for its coal mines and for Jangam Mahadeva mutt and the town of
Nirmal for its paintings.
Hyderabad grew from the rise and fall of various kingdoms in Deccan through medieval and modern times.
The Kakatiyas of Warangal were the first major rulers of this region during 1150 -1323 A.D followed by
Muhammed-bin-Tughlak and Bahamani Sultan followed by the Barid Shahi kingdom. The famous Qutub
Shahis of Golkonda ruled during 1512-1687 and Hyderabad became famous. With independence of India in
1947, the Nizam's empire ceded to Indian Union in 1948, Hyderabad than also called Bhagyanagar became
famous. In 1956, during the reorganization of the states in India, the Hyderabad state was trifurcated and
the nine predominantly Telugu speaking districts of Mahabubnagar, Hyderabad, Medak, Nizamabad,
Adilabad, Karimnagar, Warangal, Khammam and Nalgonda known as the Telangana region were
transferred to Andhra Pradesh. In June 2014 with the formation of Telangana state, Hyderabad has
remained the capital of the state.
Administratively, Hyderabad district consists of 16 Mandals that are divided into two divisions, namely,
Hyderabad Division consisting of 9 Mandals - Amberpet, Himayathnagar, Nampally, Asifnagar, Golconda,
Bahadurpura, Bandlaguda, Charminar and Saidabad: and Secunderabad Division consisting of 7 Mandals
namely Shaikpet, Ameerpet, Secunderabad, Tirumalgiri, Marredpally, Musheerabad and Khairatabad.
Apart from this there were 66 villages in the district that were grouped into four taluks earlier namely,
Charminar, Golconda, Musheerabad and Secunderabad and all of these have since merged into Hyderabad thurban area. At present Hyderabad is the 6 largest city in India, only slightly lagging behind Bengaluru.
Due to rapid urbanization, forest cover has depleted into low scrubby jungles with diverse flora and fauna.
Musi River with a few tributaries drains the city and its surrounding region and several bridges built across
Musi viz., Purana pul built by Ibrahim Qutub Shah in 1579 A.D, Nayapul, Dabirpura, Chaderghat,
Amberpet, Uppal Kalan etc., connect the two parts of the city.
Hyderabad has several archaeological, historical, educational and recreational places of interest with the
past and present landscape standing juxtapose. The Nehru Zoological Park is spread over 150 ha which is
adjacent to the 240 ha water spread of Mir-Alam Tank. Hussainsagar located at the center of the city, is a
landmark, besides Golconda fort, Qutub Shahi Tombs, the famous Charminar, Macca Masjid and Falaknuma
Palace etc., that are monuments of architectural and historical importance. Cyberabad was set up to meet
the demands of new-age Hyderabad where IT industries are clustered. Hyderabad Urban Agglomeration
(HUA) consists of Hyderabad district including Secundrabad area and adjacent Mandals in Rangareddy
district from which the new Cyberabad was carved.
2 thRangareddy district covers an area of 7,493 km and was formed on 15 August 1978 by carving out some
portion of Hyderabad urban taluk and the merger of rural and urban areas of remaining taluks of
Hyderabad district. Hence the history of Rangareddy is no different than that of Hyderabad. Initially the
district was called Hyderabad (Rural) but later it was named Konda Venkata Rangareddy district was
subsequently truncated and called Rangareddy district.
Rangareddy district consists of 37 Mandals which are organized into three Revenue Divisions viz.,
12.3.2 Growth of Hyderabad
12.3.3 Rangareddy
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Hyderabad East Division consisting of 13 Mandals namely, Qutubullapur, Medchal, Shamirpet, Keesara,
Ghatkesar, Uppal, Hayathnagar, Saroornagar, Maheswaram, Ibrahimpatnam, Manchal, Yacharam and
Kandukur; Chevella Division consisting of 9 Mandals namely, Shankarpalle, Serilingampally, Balanagar,
Malkajgiri, Rajendranagar, Moinabad, Chevella, Shabad and Shamshabad; Vikarabad Division consists of
15 Mandals namely, Marpalle, Mominpet, Nawabpet, Vikarabad, Dharur, Bantwaram, Peddemul, Tandur,
Basheerabad, Yalal, Doma, Gandeed, Kulkacherla, Pargi and Pudur.
According to Census- 2011, Hyderabad district was totally urban having a population of 39,43,323 persons.
Rangareddy district had an urban population of 37,19,172 persons contributing majorly to the population
of Hyderabad Urban Agglomeration. The district had 24 towns, 2 Statutory towns, 2 Municipalities and 22
Census towns. In 2011 Census, 38 villages were declared as outgrowth of various towns while 15 villages
were upgraded as Census Towns and 3 urban outgrowths have been declared as Census Towns. The Census
Town of Gaddiannaram and nine municipalities in the district namely, Serilingampally, Kukatpally,
Qutubullapur, Alwal, Malkajgiri, Kapra, Uppalkalan, Lal Bahadur Nagar, and Rajendranagar were merged in
the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) corresponding to the HUA area. According to 2011
Census, there were 870 villages of which 53 were uninhabited, 817 were inhabited which were organized
under 37 Mandals of which 4 Mandals were fully urbanized, namely Serilingampally with a population of
3,09,320 persons, Balanagar with 5,67,996 persons, Malkajgiri with 4,13,571 and Uppal 3,84,835 persons.
The district is organized into three Revenue Divisions, 24 Towns of which 2 are Statutory Towns with 2
municipalities and 22 were Census Towns. Over 1,034.27 km area was under urban land use with a total
urban population of 37,19,172 persons. According to Census of India, over 70.22 percent of the district
population was urban.
The GHMC region (including the municipal corporation and outgrowth) of Rangareddy district is
categorized as Class-I Town. Apart from this, there are 2 Class-II, 9 Class-III, 9 Class-IV and 4 Class-V Towns
in the district. While the GHMC (M.Corp + OG) part of Rangareddy district has the largest population
(31,36,529 persons), the Omer Khandaira as Census Town is the smallest with a population of 5,349
persons.2
The overall density of population in Hyderabad district was 18,172 persons / km and very high compared
to that of the State average of 308. The GHMC area covering Municipal Corporation area and outgrowth 2
town had a density of population of 19,543 persons / km , followed by Secunderabad with 9,553 persons. 2
Lowest density of 1,734 persons / km was reported in Osmania University (Census Town) area.
Musi River is the main river flowing west to east across the district. Two of its tributaries, the Bhima and
Kagna rise in Vikarabad Mandal and drain Vikarabad and Tandur region. Manjira River is a tributary of
Godavari River and is largely used for irrigation purpose. The flora is xerophytes owing to semi-arid
climate. Soils are essentially red and mixed red and black soils. The district has some deposits of Feldspar
and Quartz while Lime kankar useful for building mortar is available in Ibrahimpatnam Mandal. Clay of
different types are available in Tandur area which is used in ceramic industry.
The district is famous for the temple at Keesara Gutta of Sri Ramalingeswara Swamy in the form of a
Sivalingam on a hillock, Rangapur for the largest telescope in South-East Asia region, Shamshabad for the
Rajiv Gandhi International Airport, Ramoji Film City, Chilkur Balaji temple, Himayatsagar reservoir,
Shilparamam craft village, Gandipet water park besides landmarks of yesteryears namely, Charminar, Birla
mandir, Falaknuma palace, etc. The new development projects like the IT-Hub, Outer Ring Road, High-tech
city and industrial parks and corridors, etc., are fuelling the urbanization process.
2Nizamabad district covers an area of 7,956 km . It has derived its name from the Nizam of Hyderabad Asaf thJah-VI who ruled Deccan during 18 century. Some of the major dynasties that ruled the district were
Mauryas, Sathavahanas, Rashtrakutas and Chalukyas during ancient period, Kakatiyas, Bahamani Sultans,
Qutub Shahis and Barid Shahs during medieval period and Mughals and the Asaf Jahis during modern
12.3.4 Nizamabad
Environment Protection Training & Research Institute, HyderabadMinistry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India
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Environment Protection Training & Research Institute, HyderabadMinistry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India
288State of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015Chp.12
period. Originally the district was called Indur may be named after the ancient king Indradatta. In 1905, the
Taluks of Nirmal and Narsapur were transferred to the newly formed district of Adilabad and Mudhole
Taluk and a part of Banswada Taluk were transferred to Nanded district in Maharashtra. The rest of
Banswada taluk was divided into Bodhan and Yellareddy Taluks and Bheemgal taluk was merged with
Armur Taluk. After 1947, the district was merged in Hyderabad State and in 1956, Nizamabad became a
part of Andhra Pradesh and since 2014, it is a part of Telangana State.
Nizamabad district consists of 36 Mandals which are grouped into three revenue divisions namely,
Nizamabad, Bodhan and Kamareddy Divisions. Nizamabad Division consists of 14 Mandals - Nizamabad,
Armur, Balkonda, Mortad, Kammarpalle, Bheemgal, Velpur, Jakranpalle, Makloor, Dichpalle, Dharpalle,
Sirkonda, Nandipet and Navipet. The Bodhan Division consists of 12 Mandals - Ranjal, Yedpalle, Bodhan,
Kotgiri, Madnoor, Jukkal, Bichkunda, Birkoor, Varni, Banswada, Pitlam and Nizamsagar. The Kamareddy
Division consists of 10 Mandals - Kamareddy, Machareddy, Sadasivanagar, Gandhari, Nagareddipet,
Lingampet, Tadwai, Bhiknoor, Domakonda and Yellareddy.
According to 1991 Census the district had 922 villages out of which six were urbanized. In 2011 Census
there were 912 villages out of which 65 were uninhabited and 847 were inhabited. There were 8 towns - 4
Statutory Towns, one with a Municipal Corporation and 3 with municipalities and 4 were Census towns of
which one was an Urban Agglomeration namely, Armoor which had a population of 64023 persons.
According to Census of India 2011, Nizamabad city with its Municipal Corporation is categorized as Class-I
town with a population of 311152 persons. There were 3 towns in Class-II, one in Class-III, one Class-IV
towns and 2 in Class-V towns. While Nizamabad Municipal Corporation area had a large population,
Ghanpur (CT) was the smallest town with a population of 5,182. The district is famous for Nizamsagar dam
project built at Achampet over Manjeera River. Pochampad dam project also known as Sreeramsagar
Project was constructed over River Godavari while Pocharam reservoir is constructed over Alair River.
The district is drained by River Godavari and partly by Manjira River where Nizam sagar dam was
constructed near Achampet and Peddavagu River. The district has numerous canals/tanks/ponds as it is an
agricultural district. Forest cover in the district accounts for 21% of total geographical area of the district.
The district is not rich in minerals and limited quantity of Feldspars, Laterite, Quartz and Iron ore that are of
poor quality.
Karimnagar district was ruled by the Andhra, Chalukya, Yadava and Kakatiya dynasties successively. The
Sarkar Yeligandal fort located 5 km north of Karimnagar city was the seat of power of Kakatiyas and was
renamed as Karimnagar in 1905 under the dominion of the Nizam. Presently it is one of the districts of
Telangana and consists of 52 Mandals that are organized into five revenue divisions namely, Karimnagar
Divisions consisting of 18 Mandals - Karimnagar, Manakondur, Timmapur (LMD colony), Bejjanki,
Gangadhara, Ramadugu, Choppadandi, Husnabad, Chigurumamidi, Koheda, Huzurabad, Jammikunta,
Veenavanka, Kamalapur, Elkathurthi, Shankarapatnam, Saidapur and Bheemadevarpalle. Jagtial Division
consists of 14 Mandals - Jagtial, Raikal, Dharmapuri, Sarangapur, Mallial, Kodimial, Pegadapalle, Gollapalle,
Metpalle, Koratla, Medipalle, Ibrahimpatnam, Mallapur and Kathlapur. The Sircilla division consists of 9
Mandals - Sircilla, Ellanthakunta, Gambhiraopet, Mustabad, Yellareddipet, Vemulawada, Boinpalle,
Konaraopet and Chandurthi. The Peddapalle division consists of 9 Mandals - Peddapalle, Srirampur, Odela,
Ramagundam, Sultanabad, Velgatoor, Dharmaram, Julapalle and Elgaid - a new Mandal formed in 2011. The
Manthani division consists of 7 Mandals - Manthani, Kamanpur, Mutharam, Mahadevpur, Malharrao with
headquarter in Tadicherla, Kataram and Mutharam carved from Manthani.
According to Census of 2011, there were 13 Towns of which 6 are Statutory Towns which include one
municipal corporation and 5 municipalities in addition to 7 Census Towns. There are 4 urban
agglomerations, namely, Ramagundam, Jagtial, Karimnagar and Sircilla. According to Census of 2011 the
12.3.5 Karimnagar
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total population of Karimnagar district was 37,76,269 persons (18,80,800 males & 18,95,469 females) of 2which over 9,15,225 was urban population living in over 383.90 km of urban land use.
Karimnagar (Municipal Corporation), Ramagungam (Municipality) and Jagitial (Municipality) have been
categorized as Class-I towns. Others towns in the district have been categorized as 3 in Class-II, 2 in Class-
III, 1 in Class-IV, 3 in Class-V and 1 in Class-VI. Karimnagar (MC region) and urban Out Growth has the
largest population in the district i.e., over 2, 89,821 persons while Ratnapur (CT) is the smallest town with a
population of 3,154 persons. Ramagundam has an urban population of 2,44,939 persons, Jagtial over
1,03,930 and Sircilla over 83186 persons. The district is famous for Vemulawada temple of Sri
Rajarajeswara, an incarnation of Lord Siva.
The district is drained by Godavari River and in part by Manner River. The forests are tropical dry deciduous
and tropical throne forest consisting of mixed teak, bamboo and miscellaneous tree varieties with diverse
flora and fauna. The soils are essentially black clay loam, red sandy loam and alluvial soils. The district also
has mineral deposits of coal, iron ore, limestone, soapstone and molybdenum. The Singareni Colleries Co. 2
Ltd. a public sector undertaking of State Govt., has the Coal Mining Lease over 26.4 km .
2Khammam district extends over 16,029 km . It was formed under Kakatiya kingdom and later ruled by
thBahmani kings, Qutub Shahi dynasty of Golconda, the Mughals and by the Asaf Jahi dynasty in 18 century.
The present district was formed in 1953 with five erstwhile taluks namely, Khammam, Yellandu,
Bhoorgampadu, Palwancha (Kothagudem) and Madhira from Warangal District. In 1959, Bhadrachalam
taluk and Nugur independent sub-taluk of East Godavari district, which were not easily accessible to
Kakinada, were also transferred to Khammam district for administrative convenience. Finally, it became
part of Andhra Pradesh with effect from 1st November, 1956 under the scheme of Re-organisation of States.
Since June 2014 with the formation of Telangana State, the district is part of Telangana.
Khammam district consists of 46 Mandals and are organized into four revenue divisions viz.,
Bhadrachalam Division consisting of 8 Mandals namely, Wazeed, Venkatapuram, Cherla,Dummugudem,
Bhadrachalam, Kunavaram, Chintur and Vararamachandrapuram; Palwancha Division consisting of 10
Mandals namely Palwancha, Pinapaka, Manuguru, Aswapuram,Velairpadu, Kukunoor, Burgampahad,
Mulkalapalle, Aswaraopeta and Dammapeta; Kothagudem Division consisting of 11 Mandals namely
Kothagudem, Yellandu, Gundala, Tekulapalle, Singareni, Bayyaram, Garla, Kamepalle, Julurpad,
Chandrugonda and Enkuru; Khammam Division consisting of 17 Mandals namely, Sathupalle, Vemsoor,
Penuballi, Kallur, Tallada, Konijerla, Khammam (Urban), Khammam (Rural), Thirumalayapalem,
Kusumanchi, Nelakondapalle, Mudigonda, Chinthakani, Wyra, Bonakal, Madhira and Yerrupalem.
There were 1,242 villages in the district according to 1991 Census of which 1,092 were inhabited and135
uninhabited, while 15 villages were categorized as towns. According to 2011 Census, there were 1,223
Karimnagar
(Municipal Corporation), Ramagungam (Municipality) and Jagitial (Municipality) have been categorized as
Class-I towns. Others towns in the district have been categorized as 3 in Class-II, 2 in Class-III, 1 in Class-IV,
3 in Class-V and 1 in Class-VI. Karimnagar (MC region) and urban Out Growth has the largest population in
the district i.e., over 2, 89,821 persons while Ratnapur (CT) is the smallest town with a population of 3,154
persons. Ramagundam has an urban population of 2,44,939 persons, Jagtial over 1,03,930 and Sircilla over
83186 persons. The district is famous for Vemulawada temple of Sri Rajarajeswara, an incarnation of Lord
Siva.
The district is drained by Godavari River and in part by Manner River. The forests are tropical dry deciduous and tropical throne forest consisting of mixed teak, bamboo and miscellaneous tree varieties with diverse flora and fauna. The soils are essentially black clay loam, red sandy loam and alluvial soils. The district also has mineral deposits of coal, iron ore, limestone, soapstone and molybdenum. The Singareni Colleries Co. Ltd. a public sector undertaking of State Govt., has the Coal Mining Lease over
226.4 km .
12.3.6 Khammam
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289State of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015Chp.12
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villages of which 120 were uninhabited and 1,103 inhabited, 14 Towns. Of these 14 Towns located in
Khammam district, 6 were Statutory Towns 5 towns with municipalities and one with Nagar Panchayat
and 8 were Census Towns including 3 Urban Agglomerations namely, Kothagudem, Yellandu and
Khammam. Urban land use extends over 211.36 Km2 with a total urban population of 6,55,911 persons
according to 2011 Census.
According to 2011 Census, Khammam town was categorized as Class-I town; there were 4 in Class-II, 5 in
Class-III, 3 in Class-IV and 1 in Class-V category. Khammam Town with its municipality and outgrowth is
largest with a total population of 1,96,283 persons while Garimellapadu as CT had smallest population size
of 6,296 persons. Khammam Urban Mandal has a population of 2,50,182 persons and Khammam Rural
Mandal only 12,073. Of the other towns in the district, Bhadrachalam famous for temple of Sri Rama has a
population of 50087, Kothagudem a centre of activities for Singareni Collaries has a population of 119501
and Yellandu has a population of 35056.
The district is drained by two major rivers of the region, Godavari and Krishna River. The famous temple of
Lord Rama is located at Bhadrachalam on the banks of Godavari River. The hilly ranges in the district belong
to Lower Pre-Cambrian era and Dolomite and Coal are found here. The Singareni Collaries Co. Ltd or SCCL is
a government-owned coal mining company of India which operates in Yellandu, Manuguru, and
Kothagudem mandals in the district.
2Mahabubnagar district covers an area of 18,432 km and was ruled by Asoka during the Mauryan reign. th thDuring 10 to 12 century the region was ruled by Chalukyas, Cholas and Kakatiya rulers with a Governor
thcalled Nusrat Khan from Bidar. In 18 century the district was included in Hyderabad state of the Nizam.
The district has seen many additions and subtractions and in 1956 with reorganization of States in India,
Pargi taluk was transferred to Hyderabad while Alampur and Gadwal taluks of Raichur and Kodangal taluk
from Gulbarga were transferred to Mahabubnagar District. Since 2014 the district is a part of Telangana
State.
Mahabubnagar consists of 64 Mandals which are divided into five revenue divisions namely, Narayanpet,
Mahabubnagar, Gadwal, Nagarkurnool and Wanaparthy Divisions. Narayanpet Division consists of 14
Mandals namely, Kodangal, Bomaraspet, Kosgi, Doulathabad, Damaragidda, Maddur, Narayanpet, Utkoor,
Dhanwada, Devarkadra, Chinnachintakunta, Makthal, Maganoor and Atmakur. The Mahabubnagar
Division consists of 18 Mandals - Hanwada, Nawabpet, Balanagar, Kondurg, Farooqnagar, Kothur,
Keshampet, Talakondapalle, Amangal, Madgul, Veldanda, Midjil, Jadcherla, Mahbubnagar, Koilkonda,
Bhoothpur, Kalwakurthy and Vangoor. The Gadwal Division consists of 11 Mandals namely Addakal, Narva,
Dharur, Gadwal, Maldakal, Ghattu, Ieej, Itikyal, Waddepalle, Manopad and Alampur. Nagarkurnool Division
consists of 13 Mandals namely, Thimmajipet, Amrabad, Uppununthala, Telkapalle, Tadoor, Nagarkurnool,
Bijinapalle, Balmoor, Lingal, Peddakothapalle, Kodair, Kollapur and Achampet. The Wanaparthy Division
consists of 8 Mandals namely, Ghanpur, Kothakota, Peddamandadi, Wanaparthy, Gopalpeta, Pangal,
Pebbair and Veepangandla.
According to Census of 2011, there were 1,537 villages of which 72 were uninhabited and 1,465 villages
were inhabited. There were 18 towns out of which 4 were Statutory Towns - 3 had Municipalities and 1 with
Nagar Panchayat and 14 Census Towns with 2 as Urban Agglomeration namely Mahabubnagar with a 2 population of 1,90,400 persons and Gadwal with 63177 persons. Urban land use covers over 275.98 km
with a total urban population of 6,07,692 persons in the district.
According to 2011 Census, the total population of Mahabubnagar district was 40,53,028 persons with
6,07,692 residing in urban area. Mahabubnagar belongs to Class-I category. There are 2 Class-II, 6 Class-III,
5 Class-IV, 3 Class-V and 1 Class VI town in the district. Of the 18 urban centres, 4 are Statutory Towns and
the remaining 14 are Census Towns (CTs). Mahabubnagar is the largest with a population of 1,90,400
12.3.7 Mahabubnagar
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290State of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015Chp.12
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Environment Protection Training & Research Institute, HyderabadMinistry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India
291State of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015Chp.12
persons while Vatwarlapalle (CT) is the smallest town with a population of 4,544 persons. Place of interest
near Mahbubnagar is the famous banyan tree called 'Pillalamarri' beneath which is the shrine of a Muslim
saint. The tree is huge and looks like a small hillock with green foliage. Another town Alampur is referred to
as Dakshina Kasi and is located on the banks of Thungabhadra River.
River Krishna along with its tributary Tungabhadra drains the district. Dindi River a tributary to Krishna
flows through Kalwakurthy and Achampet while Peddavagu and Chinnavagu are other tributaries of
Krishna River. There is forest cover in Mahabubnagar and Achampet divisions with wildlife found in
inaccessible plateau region of Amrabad and Farhabad. Soils are essentially red soil, black cotton and chalka
soil or mixed soils. The district has mineral deposits of barytes, asbestos, steatite, ochre, limestone, quartz,
feldspar, laterite black, coloured granite, fullers earth, moulding sand and ordinary sand.
2Nalgonda district extends over 14,240 km . It was a part of Kakatiya kingdom, subsequently it passed
through Bahmani kings, the Qutub Shahi dynasty of Golconda, the Mughal empire and the Asaf Jahi dynasty
of Hyderabad. It became part of Andhra Pradesh under the scheme of Reorganisation of States in 1956. In
2014 it became a part of Telangana State.
Nalgonda district consists of 59 Mandals which are grouped under four Revenue Divisions viz., Bhongir
Division consisting of 14 Mandals namely, Yadagirigutta, Alir, Rajapet, M.Turkapalle, Bhongir,
Bommalaramaram, Pochampalle, Bibinagar, Ramannapeta, Valigonda, Choutuppal, Mothkur, Atmakur
(M) and Gundala; Nalgonda Division consisting of 16 Mandals namely, Nakrekal, Kethepalle,
Saligouraram, Kattangoor, Chandur, Munugode, Narayanapur, Nalgonda, Narketpalle, Kangal, Thipparthi,
Chityala, Nampalle, Chinthapalle, Gurrampode and Marriguda; Miryalaguda Division consisting of 15
Mandals namely, Devarakonda, Pedda Adiserlapalle, Chandampet, Gundlapalle, Nidamanur, Peddavoora,
Anumula, Tripuraram, Miryalaguda, Dameracherla, Vemulapalle, Huzurnagar, Neredcherla, Garidepalle
and Mattampalle; Suryapet Division consisting of 14 Mandals namely, Thungathurthi, Thirumalgiri,
Nuthankal, Jajireddigudem, Suryapet, Penpahad, Atmakur, Mothey, Chivvemla, Kodad, Mella Cheruvu,
Chilkur, Nadigudem and Munagala.
According to 2011 Census, human population in the district was settled in 1107 villages and 17 Towns out
of which 4 were Statutory Towns with Municipalities,13 were Census Towns and 3 were Urban
Agglomerations namely, Suryapet, Nalgonda (1,54,326 persons) and Miryalaguda (1,04,918 persons). 2
Over 379.33 km area in the district is under urban land use and total urban population in the district was
6,62,507 persons out of a total population of 34,88,809 persons. Nalgonda, Suryapet and Miryalguda are
categorized as Class-I Towns. Of the others, there were 2 Class-II, 2 Class-III, 7 Class-IV, 2 Class-V and 1
Class-VI Town. Nalgonda city constituted of municipal area and outgrowth has the largest population in the
district (1, 54,326 persons according to 2011 Census) while Raghunathpur a Census Town is the smallest
with a population of 4,008 persons. This district is famous for Bhongir Fort, Yadagirigutta which is famous
for the Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy temple and for Nagarjunasagar irrigation cum hydel power project
constructed on Krishna River.
Nalgonda district is rich in water resources as it is drained by rivers viz., Krishna, Musi, Alair, Peddavagu,
Dindi, Hallai (also called Ahalya), Paleru and Kongal. There are small scattered forest areas in the district.
Soils are dominantly red soils with poor fertility while fertile black soil is restricted to the banks of Krishna
River. Major mineral deposits are Limestone (cement grade), Quartz and Feldspars besides Limestone
Slabs, Granites, Rough Stone and Road Metal. Economically workable deposits are of Quartz and Feldspar.
The limestone slabs used for flooring and granite for flooring, walls and elevation of buildings has spawned
lucrative businesses.
2Medak district extends over 9,700 km and was originally known as Methukudurgam which subsequently
12.3.8 Nalgonda
12.3.9 Medak
-
According to 2011 Census, human population in Medak district was settled in 1201 villages as 30 villages
ceased to have any population. In addition to this there were 24 Towns out of which 5 were Statutory Towns
with municipalities, 19 were Census Towns and five were Urban Agglomerations, namely, Medak (46,880), 2 Siddipet (1,14,091), Sadasivapet (47,920), Zahirabad (82,442), Sangareddy (95,617). Over 371.34 km
area was reportedly under urban land use and the total urban population in the district was 7,27,871
persons out of a total population of 30,33,288 persons in the district.
The GHMC (M.Corp.+OG) part of Medak district which is a part of Hyderabad Urban Agglomeration is
categorized as Class-I Town. The other urban centers are classified as 3 Class-II Towns, 6 Class-III, 6 Class-
IV and 9 Class-V Towns in the district. According to 2011 Census, in all the district urban population is
distributed among 25 urban units that include 6 Statutory Towns and 19 Census Towns. The GHMC
(M.Corp.+ OG) part of Medak district has the largest population (1,38,032 persons) while Chitkul, a CT is
the smallest with a population of 5,596 persons.
Major places of interest in the district are the Medak Fort originally constructed by the Kakatiya kings and
the Medak church said to be one of the three big churches in South India.
Manjira River a tributary of Godavari River drains the district and Nizam Sagar dam, a major irrigation
project is constructed on it. The district is covered by southern tropical dry deciduous forests and the
Pocharam Wildlife Sanctuary extends from Medak to Nizamabad districts having a variety of wild animals
and birds. However, poor watering facilities, control over poaching and hunting and environmental
pollution from industries located in the vicinity have destroyed the flora and fauna in the region. The
district is not rich in mineral wealth with traces of quartz, feldspar, and laterite. However it is rich in
industries and enterprises.
2Warangal district extends over 12,846 km and was originally a part of the ancient kingdom of Andhra kings thwho ruled the Deccan. During 8 century it was 'Orukal', the capital of Yadava kings of Tuluva Andhras.
thFrom 12 century, it was part of Kakatiya kingdom of Warangal. Under Qutub Shahi period, Warangal was nd
the 2 most important city of the kingdom. In 1687 Aurangazeb captured Golconda and Warangal came st
under the rule of Mughals in Delhi. This was followed by Nizam's rule. On 1 November, 1956 Warangal was
subsumed under Andhra Pradesh and in 2014 it became a part of Telangana. It a major educational hub, a
industrial city and is located on a major highway that is to be developed into an industrial corridor.
Warangal has also been selected to be developed as a SMART city by MoUD, Govt. of India under the Urban
Renewable scheme.
Warangal District consists of 51 Mandals that are grouped under 5 Revenue Divisions, viz., Warangal
Division consists of 12 Mandals namely, Warangal (Urban), Hanamkonda, Ghanpur (Stn -Station),
Dharmasagar, Hasanparthy, Wardhannapet, Zaffergadh, Raiparthy, Parvathagiri, Sangam, Geesugonda and
Atmakur; Mahabubabad Division consists of 9 Mandals namely, Mahabubabad, Thorrur, Nellikudur,
Narasimhulapet, Maripeda, Dornakal, Kuravi, Kesamudram, and Nekkonda; Mulug Division consists of 13
Mandals namely, Parkal, Mulug, Shayampet, Regonda, Mogullapalle, Chityal, Bhupalpalle, Ghanpur
(Mulug), Venkatapur, Govindaraopet, Tadvai, Eturnagaram and Mangapet; Jangaon Division consists of 10
Mandals namely, Cherial, Maddur, Bachannapet, Narmetta, Jangaon, Raghunathpalle, Devaruppula,
Kodakandla, Lingalaghanpur and Palakurthi; Narsampet Division consists of 7 Mandals namely, Duggondi,
Gudur, Kothagudem, Khanapur, Narsampet, Chennaraopet and Nallabelly.
According to 2011 Census, population was residing in 961 villages and 15 Towns among which 2 were
Statutory Towns namely, Warangal Municipal Corporation and Jangaon Municipality, 13 New Census 2
Towns and 1 Urban Agglomeration namely Warangal. Over 377.37 km area was recorded as under urban
land use with a total urban population of 9, 92,333 persons. Of the 51 Mandals in the district 50 were
declared as Rural and one as Urban.
12.3.10 Warangal
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292State of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015Chp.12
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293State of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015Chp.12
Warangal (M.Corp.+OG) is categorized as Class-I Town; other urban centres are categorized as 1 in Class-II,
3 in Class-III, 7 in Class-IV and 3 in Class-V Towns. Warangal (M.Corp. + OG) has the largest population in the
district (7, 04,570 persons) while Shivunipalle (CT) was the smallest with a population of 6,242 persons.
The district is famous for the Kakatiya Thoranam (Archway that is the emblem of the Telangana State),
Thousand Pillar Temple, Bhadrakali Temple, the Warangal Fort, Ramappa Temple, Ranganathaswamy
Temple, Shambhu Lingeswara or Swayambhu Temple, etc besides the NIIT. Warangal is to be developed as
a major IT hub, industrial corridor and a SMART city.
The district is drained by Godavari River and its tributaries namely, Manner, Akeru and Maneru rivers that
have formed large perennial lakes and tanks in the northern part of the district. Salivagu, Moruvanchavagu,
Peddavagu are large streams while Parkal, Lakkavaram, Ghanpur and Ramappa are large lakes in the
district. Forests belong to tropical dry deciduous and tropical thorny type. Flora and fauna have been
adversely affected by economic development due to the construction of national highway. The district is not
rich in mineral resources and some deposits of Laterite, iron ore of dolomite class and quartz are available.
Granites are mined and used for building purpose.
The Telangana state was setup on 2 June 2014 after witnessing a period of political turmoil with the
erstwhile Andhra Pradesh over sharing of revenue in past decades for development (Planning Dept., Govt
of Telangana, 2016). The new government has drawn a vision for the overall development of Telangana
state calling it the 'Bangaru (Golden) Telangana' initiative. The key challenge for the Telangana State is to
overcome the legacy of neglect and creation of an enabling political, social, and economic environment,
which promotes investment, growth and human development. The State has initiated a process to
eliminate disoriented policies and introduce reforms for a participatory, accountable, and a development-
oriented governance structure. The initiatives taken by the Government for achieving the vision of
'Bangaru Telangana', has been broadly grouped into three categories: (i) measures to accelerate economic
growth, (ii) improving infrastructure facilities, (iii) programmes targeting social welfare and inclusive
growth. All of these are paramount to the process of urbanization in Telangana and driving the economy.
Telangana has a total urban population of 1,36,08,665 persons according to Census 2011 which accounts
for 38.88 % of the state's population. They reside in 160 urban centres in the state. There are 15 Class I cities
with a total urban population of 97,33,523 persons, 26 Class II cities with a population of 16,52,792, 41
Class III towns with a population of 13,58,263, 43 Class IV towns with a population of 4,87,937, 32 Class-V
with a population of 1,88,938 and 3 Class VI towns with a population of around 11706 persons in the state.
Figure 12.1 indicates the relative growth and distribution of urban population in the various districts in
Telangana, while Figure 12.2 indicates the actual density of human population in various districts. There
has been a steady increase in urban population in Rangareddy district since 1981 however the saturation in
Hyderabad metropolitan region is obvious during the same period although it served as a stimulus for
economic development in the region. Figure 12.3 indicates the massive increase in density of population in
Hyderabad Urban Agglomeration (HUA) which increased by over 68 times from 266 in 1961 to over 18172 2persons / km by 2011 which also fuelled influx of population into neighboring Rangareddy district.
According to 2011 Census, Hyderabad district had 100% urban population, while Rangareddy district had
over 70% of urban population; the district grew at a rate of 16% since 2001.
12.4 Urbanization process in Telangana
12.5. Pressure
12.5.1 Growth of Urban Population
-
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294State of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015Chp.12
Fig.12.1 Urban population distribution in Telangana
Fig. 12.2 Change in density of Urban population in Telangana
rdThe 3 fastest growing urban population was seen in Adilabad while Warangal and Khammam grew at a
comparatively slower pace. Mahabubnagar district had the least share of urban population, i.e., about 15%.
15
.92
15
.94
10
.72
8.5
1
65
.88
8.9
7
6.6
9 13
.43
13
.59
19
.34
19
.21
15
.79
11
.97
10
0
23
.83
10
.93
11
.38
17
.24
16
.98
23
.13
20
.27
20
.55
14
.47
10
0
47
.23
11
.12
11
.87
19
.39
20
.23
26
.53
18
.11
19
.44
14
.36
10
0
54
.2
10
.57
13
.32
19
.2
19
.81
27
.73
23
.06
25
.19
24
10
0
70
.22
14
.99
18
.99 28
.25
25
.16
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Urb
an
Po
pu
lati
on
(%
)
District
1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
62
12
7
13
6
12
9
86 1
11
12
0
6780
16
5
16
6
152
10
5 12
8
14
5
86102
21
1
20
6
18
6
13
3 16
0 179
10
9
21
1
12
9
25
6
25
7
23
4
167 20
0 21
9
13
8
34
0
170
321
31
9
31
3
220 24
5 27
3
19
7
70
7
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Den
sity
of
Po
pu
lati
on
( p
erso
ns/
km
2)
District
1961
1971
1981
1991
2011
Source: Census of India -2011, GoI
After Hyderabad, highest density of urban population in Telangana was seen in Rangareddy district,
followed by Nizambad, Karimnagar and Medak. Density of population was least in Adilabad city compared
to towns and cities in other districts.
-
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295State of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015Chp.12
Fig. 12.3 Massive increase in density of population in Hyderabad urban area since 1961
2In Hyderabad district the density of population was 18172 persons / km , while it was over 700 persons in
2Rangareddy district which was formed in 1971 while in rest of the state it was less than 300 persons / km
as seen in Figures 12.2 and 12.3. Figure 12.4 indicates total actual population in various districts since 1961
while Figure 12.5 indicates variations in total population in each district during the decade since 1961.
Growth in Khammam, Adilabad, Medak, Karimnagar, Nalgonda, Warangal, Hyderabad and Nizambad was
slower (Fig. 12.3) than in Mahabubnagar, Medak and Rangareddy. In fact actual growth in Rangareddy
surpassed all other districts since its origin in 1978 (Fig.12.4 & 12.5). During the decade 1981-91 there was
a large variation in urban population in Rangareddy district followed by Hyderabad which is evident from
Figure 12.5.
Khammam and Adilabad grew at the same pace during 1981-91 although by 1991-2001 Adilabad gained
momentum (Fig. 12.5). During 1991- 2001 Rangareddy district grew by over 60% and continued at a fast
pace in the following decade also, growth in Hyderabad lagged owing to area saturation.
Annexure 1 depicts population pressure at sub-district and urban local body (ULB) levels in Hyderabad
and other districts in Telangana. Census 2011 provides data at Sub-district, municipality (M), Municipal
Corporation (MC), Out-growth (OG), Census Town (CT) and at ward level within municipal level, which was
used to depict the distribution of population pressure. In Census 2001, data in such detail was unavailable.
266 362
10418
14499
18172
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
15000
16000
17000
18000
19000
20000
1961 1971 1981 1991 2011
De
nsi
ty o
f Po
pu
lati
on
( p
ers
on
s/km
2 )
Density of Population in Hyderabad District
HyderabadSource: Census of India -2011, GoI
-
Environment Protection Training & Research Institute, HyderabadMinistry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India
296State of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015Chp.12
Fig.12.4 Actual population distribution in Telangana since 1961
10
.09
29
2
10
.22
01
3
16
.21
51
5
12
.27
36
1
11
.91
66
8
0
15
.90
68
6
15
.74
94
6
15
.45
43
5
10
.57
54
2
12
.88
34
8
13
.13
26
8
19
.63
92
8
14
.67
94
4
16
.82
28
4
0
19
.32
08
2
18
.19
73
8
18
.70
93
3
13
.69
89
2
16
.39
00
3
16
.79
68
3 24
.36
32
3
18
.07
13
9
22
.51
00
9
15
.82
06
2 24
.44
61
9
22
.79
68
5
23
.00
29
5
17
.51
57
4
20
.82
47
9
20
.37
62
1
30
.37
48
6
22
.69
8
31
.45
93
9
25
.51
96
6
30
.77
05
28
.52
09
2
28
.18
83
2
22
.15
80
9
24
.88
00
3
23
.45
68
5
34
.91
82
2
26
.70
09
7
38
.29
75
3
35
.75
06
4
35
.13
93
4
32
.47
98
2
32
.46
00
4
25
.78
92
7
27
.41
23
9
25
.51
33
5
37
.76
26
9
30
.33
28
8 39
.43
32
3
52
.96
74
1
40
.53
02
8
34
.88
80
9
35
.12
57
6
26
.07
06
6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Adilabad Nizamabad Karimnagar Medak Hyderabad Rangareddy Mahabubnagar Nalgonda Warangal Khammam
Po
pu
lati
on
(P
ers
on
s in
la
cs)
District
1961
1971
1981
1991
2001
2011
Source: Registrar General of Census, GoI
Fig. 12.5: Variations in district-wise total population in Telangana since 1961
27
.65
29
.01
21
.12
19
.1
41
.17
0
21
.46
16
.82
21
.06
29
.54
27
.32
27
.9
24
.05
23
.11
33
.81
0
26.
53
25
.28
22.
95 27
.86
26
.95
21
.31
24
.68
25
.6
39
.76
60
.32
25.
87
25
.11
22
.54
26
.5
19
.47
15
.12
14
.96
17
.64
21
.74
40
.09
14
.2
13
.88
15
.15
16
.39
10
.18
8.7
7
8.1
5 13.
6
2.9
7
48
.16
15
.34
7.4
1
8.2
1
8.4
7
1961-1971 1971-1981 1981-1991 1991-2001 2001-2011
Source: Directoratea of Census Operations, Hyderabad
-
Environment Protection Training & Research Institute, HyderabadMinistry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India
297State of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015Chp.12
12.5.2 Growth of Urban Slums
Urbanization has led to growth of slums in Telangana as indicated in Figure 12.6 wherein share of slum
population to total urban population in 2001 and 2011 is indicated. Hyderabad and Rangareddy districts
have a relatively higher share of slum population owing to higher share of urban population despite having
resources both financial and administrative to correct it. Besides this, Karimnagar, Warangal, Adilabad and
Nizambad also showed an increase in slum population indicating a slacking of urban infrastructure growth
and development. Figure 12.7 indicates the amenities available to slum population in all these districts in a
survey conducted in 2009 by state administration (District Census Handbook, Govt. of AP., 2011). For
instance, access to drinking water was poor in 6 out of 7 slums present in towns and city of Adilabad. In
Karimnagar district there were slums in 6 towns and drinking water was readily accessible to people in
only two of them namely, Jagtial and Sircilla. In Khammam district there were 6 slums out of which drinking
water was accessible in only 3 slums namely, Kothagudum, Yellandu and Sathupalle while in Manugur slum
people were facing hardship due to lack of drinking water. In Nizambad availability of piped drinking water
was poor in all four urban slums and the situation in Kamareddy and Armur was worse despite ready
accessibility to River Godavari flowing along the north-western border of the district.
Fig.12. 6 Growth in slums in Telangana indicating pressure on urban resources (2011)
In Medak in 2 out of the 6 slums, accessibility to drinking water was poor. These slums were located in
Siddipet and Sadasivpet Mandals. In Rangareddy district slum population in Tandur Mandal had poor
access to drinking water while in Warangal all urban slums had poor accessibility to drinking water in
2009. In Hyderabad despite a huge slum population, the ratio of civic amenities like toilets, drinking water
and electricity to number of households was poor. In contrast in Nalgonda and Mahabubnagar districts,
drinking water was available to slum population in all four Mandals of each of the districts. This
development was possible owing to the laying of Krishna River Water Supply pipelines for drinking water
supply to Hyderabad in 2007-2008. Water was drawn from Krishna River and pipelines were laid across
both districts of Mahabubnagar and Nalgonda that lie to the south and southeast of Hyderabad. As a result
both benefited from this drinking water mission. Figure 12.8 indicates the anomaly and facilities available
to the slum population in central and southern districts of Telangana.
2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011 2001 2011
MBNR RR HYD MDK NZB ADB KNR WGL KMM NLG
Total Population 193135 356278 168895 325478 360762 393656 118702 443129 358441 533063 514921 511075 616879 837322 577968 756964 372491 455305 297675 419388
Slum Population 51481 138694 549066 815802 119930 116418 62622 168331 198453 256695 237460 269194 190852 344158 230190 260877 179487 192734 106610 163134
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
Total Population
Slum Population
Source: Census of India 2011 & Statistical Abstract AP 2004 (Pg no. 35-37)
Po
pu
lati
on
(N
o. o
f P
ers
on
s )
-
Environment Protection Training & Research Institute, HyderabadMinistry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India
298State of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015Chp.12
Fig. 12.7 Amenities in slums in districts of northern Telangana in 2009
Fig. 12.8 Amenities available to slum dwellers in central and southern districts of Telangana
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
Ho
use
ho
lds
/ A
me
nit
ies
(No
.)
Mandal
Civic & Other Amenities in Slums in Adilabad (2009)
Households Toilets Drinking water Electricity Connections
Source: Census of India -2011, GoI.
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
Ramagundam Karimnagar Jagtial Koratla Metpalle Sircilla
Ho
use
ho
lds
/ A
me
nit
ies
(No
.)
Mandal
Civic & other Amenities in Slums in Karimnagar (2009)
Households Toilets
Drinking water Electricity Connections
Source: Census of India -2011, GoI.
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
Armur Nizamabad Bodhan Kamareddy
Ho
use
ho
lds
/ A
men
itie
s (N
o.)
Mandal
Civic & other Amenities in Slums in Nizamabad (2009)
Households Toilets Drinking water Electricity Connections
Source: Census of India -2011, GoI.
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Khammam Manugur Palwancha Kothagudam Yellendu SathupalleH
ouse
hold
s /
Am
enit
ies
(No.
)Mandal
Civic & other Amenities in Slums in Khammam (2009)
Households Toilets Drinking water Electricity Connections
Source: Census of India -2011, GoI.
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Medak Siddipet Zahirabad Sadasivpet Sangareddy GHMC ( M corp +OG)
Ho
use
ho
lds
/ A
me
nit
ies
(No
.)
Mandal
Civic & other Amenities in Slums in Medak (2009)
Households Toilets Drinking water Electricity Connections
Source: Census of India -2011, GoI.
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
200000
GHMC (M corp + OG ) Vikarabad Tandur
Hou
seho
lds
/ A
men
ities
(No.
)
Mandal
Civic & other Amenities in Slums in Rangareddy (2009)
Households Toilets
Drinking water Electricity Connections
Source: Census of India -2011, GoI.
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
Mahabubnagar Narayanpet Wanaparthy Gadwal
Hou
seho
lds
/ A
men
itie
s (N
o.)
Mandal
Civic & other Amenities in Slums in Mahabubnagar (2009)
Households Toilets
Drinking water Electricity connections
Source: Census of India -2011, GoI.
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
Warangal Jangaon
Ho
use
ho
lds
/ A
men
itie
s (N
o.)
Mandal
Civic & Other Amenities in Slums in Warangal (2009)
Households Toilets
Drinking water Electricity Connections
Source: Census of India -2011, GoI.
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
Households Toilets Drinking water
Electricity Connections
Ho
use
ho
lds
/ A
men
itie
s (N
o.)
Civic & other Amenities in Slums in Hyderabad (2009)
GHMC (M corp + OG ) Secunderabad
Source: Census of India -2011, GoI.
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
Bhongir Suryapet Nalgonda Miryalaguda
Hou
seho
lds
/ A
men
itie
s (N
o.)
Mandal
Civic & other Amenities in Slums in Nalgonda (2009)
Households Toilets
Drinking water Electricity Connections
Source: Census of India -2011, GoI.
-
Environment Protection Training & Research Institute, HyderabadMinistry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India
299State of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015Chp.12
Increase in number of slums in various districts in Telangana indicates that development of urban
infrastructure is not keeping pace with the increase in urban population. Slum population has increased in
all districts during the period 2001- 2011 as indicated in Figures 12.9 & 12.10. In case of Adilabad slums
grew up in Bhainsa town by 2011. In Nizambad a new slum was reported in Kamareddy and the one in
Bodhan grew. In Karimnagar, new slums were reported in Metpalle and Koratla. In Khammam, new slums
were reported in Sathupalle, Yellandu and Manugur.
Fig. 12.9: Growth in slum population during 2001-2011
In case of Medak, new slums sprung in Medak city, Zahirabad, Sadasivpet and area adjoining GHMC region.
In case of Warangal, slum grew in Jangaon. In case of Rangareddy where 12 municipalities and Hyderabad
Municipal Corporation were reporting to MCH authorities, the subsuming of all municipalities to form HUA
has done away with collection of data at municipal level (Fig.12.10). New slums were reported in Tandur
and Vikarabad. In Hyderabad, slum population increased in 2011. Similarly in Mahabubnagar district, new
slums were reported in Narayanpet and Wanaparthy. In Nalgonda district, slum population grew in 2011 in
Bhongir and Miryalguda.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Total Town Population
Slum Population Total Town Population
Slum Population
2001 2011
Po
pu
lati
on
(in
La
cs )
Increase in Slums in Towns & Cities in Adilabad
Bhainsa
Mandamarri
Bellampalle
Nirmal
Kagaznagaar
Mancheriyal
Adilabad
Source: Census of India 2011 & Statistical Abstract AP 2004 (Pg no. 35-37)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Total Town Population
Slum Population Total Town Population
Slum Population
2001 2011
Po
pu
lati
on
(in
La
cs )
Increase in Slums in Towns & Cities in NizamabadKamareddy
Armur
Bodhan
Nizamabad
Source: Census of India 2011 & Statistical Abstract AP 2004 (Pg no. 35-37)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Total Town Population
Slum Population Total Town Population
Slum Population
2001 2011
Pop
ula
tio
n (
in L
acs
)
Increase in Slums in Towns & Cities in KarimnagarMetpalle
Koratla
Sircilla
Jagtial
Ramagundam
Karimnagar
Source: Census of India 2011 & Statistical Abstract AP 2004 (Pg no. 35-37)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Total Town Population
Slum Population Total Town Population
Slum Population
2001 2011
Pop
ula
tio
n (i
n L
acs
)
Increase in Slums in Towns & Cities in Khammam
Sathupalle
Yellandu
Manugur
Palwancha
Kothagudem
Khammam
Source: Census of India 2011 & Statistical Abstract AP 2004 (Pg no. 35-37)
-
Environment Protection Training & Research Institute, HyderabadMinistry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India
300State of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015Chp.12
Fig. 12.10 Growth of slum population in central and southern districts in Telangana.
12.5.3 Water Requirement and Shortages
Telangana with one major semi-perennial river like River Godavari is dependent on groundwater
resources. Godavari which rises in Western Ghats in Maharashtra enters Telangana from west and flows
east and southeast-wards between Adilabad, Nizambad and Karimnagar districts and flows into Bay of
Bengal after forming a delta in Andhra Pradesh in the vicinity of Rajamundry. The volume of water in River
Godavari is dependent on southwest monsoon and as the river traverses through rain-shadow region in
Maharashtra into Telangana, the volume of water in off-season is very less, thus making dependence on
groundwater very critical for the region. Figure 12.11 indicates the temporal change in water table in
various districts in Telangana during the pre- and post-monsoon periods. Annexure 2 indicates the demand
for water in urban areas in Telangana. According to BIS 1172: 1993 & 1998, water requirement per capita /
day was 135 liters. Graphs indicate water requirement in various cities, towns and wards in Hyderabad
and Rangareddy district based on 2011 Census.
Figure 12.12 indicates the stage of groundwater development in the various districts in Telangana while
Figure 12.13 indicates availability of water resource in command and non-command areas within each
district to meet increasing demand for water resource as a result of urbanization. The term stage of
groundwater development indicates the level of exploitation of groundwater for domestic, industrial and
agricultural use. Nalgonda and Karimnagar have nearly exploited over 70% of their groundwater resource
while Mahabubnagar has exploited it to nearly 60%. While agriculture is a major user of groundwater
followed by industry and domestic, shortage of adequate water resource would hamper or restrict
urbanization process and will add to the pressure. Medak and Khammam draw nearly 60% of their reserve
while Warangal and Adilabad draw around 30% each. Agricultural sector is considered as majorly
Source: Census of India 2011 & Statistical Abstract AP 2004 (Pg no. 35-37)
00.5
11.5
22.5
33.5
44.5
5
Total Town Population
Slum Population Total Town Population
Slum Population
2001 2011
Pop
ula
tio
n (i
n L
acs
)
Increase in Slums in Towns & Cities in MedakGHMC M.C.
Sangareddy
Sadasivpet
Zahirabad
Siddipet
Medak
Source: Census of India 2011 & Statistical Abstract AP 2004 (Pg no. 35-37)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Total Town & Municipality Population
Slum Population Total GHMC Area & Vikarabad & Thandur
Population
Slum Population
2001 2011
Popu
lati
on (i
n La
cs)
Increase in Slums in Towns & Cities in RangareddyTandur Vikarabad
Rajendranagar L.B.Nagar
Uppal Kalan Kapra
Malkajgiri Alwal
Quthubullapur Kukatpaly
Serilingampally Hyd M.C.
Source: Census of India 2011 & Statistical Abstract AP 2004 (Pg no. 35-37)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Total Town Population
Slum Population Total Town Population
Slum Population
2001 2011
Pop
ula
tio
n (i
n L
acs)
Increase in Slums in Towns & Cities in MahabubnagarNarayanpet
Wanaparthy
Gadwal
Mahabubnagar
Source: Census of India 2011 & Statistical Abstract AP 2004 (Pg no. 35-37)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Total Town Population
Slum Population Total Town Population
Slum Population
2001 2011
Popu
latio
n (in
Lac
s )
Increase in Slums in Towns & Cities in Warangal
Jangaon Warangal
Source: Census of India 2011 & Statistical Abstract AP 2004 (Pg no. 35-37)
05
1015202530354045
Total Town Population
Slum Population Total Town Population
Slum Population
2001 2011
Pop
ula
tio
n (i
n L
acs)
Increase in Slums in Towns & Cities in Hyderabad
Secunderabad
Hyderabad M.C.
Source: Census of India 2011 & Statistical Abstract AP 2004 (Pg no. 35-37)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Total Town Population Slum Population Total Town Population Slum Population
2001 2011
Popu
latio
n (in
Lac
s )
Increase in Slums in Towns & Cities in Nalgonda
Bhongir
Miryalaguda
Suryapeta
Nalgonda
Source: Census of India 2011 & Statistical Abstract AP 2004 (Pg no. 35-37)
-
Environment Protection Training & Research Institute, HyderabadMinistry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India
301State of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015Chp.12
Fig.12.11 Growing pressure on water-table in Telangana districts (2000-2015)
Fig.12.12 Stage of ground water development in Telangana
0
5
10
15
20
25
36647 38473 40299 42125 36831 38657 40483 42309
Pre - Monsoon Post - Monsoon
Dep
th o
f G
rou
nd
wat
er (
m)
District - wise Pre & Post Monsoon Average Water Table
Adilabad
Karimnagar
Khammam
Mahabubnagar
Medak
Nalgonda
Nizamabad
RR-Hyd
Warangal
Source: Groundwater Status in Telangana
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Sta
ge
of
De
velo
pm
en
t (%
)
District
Stage of Groundwater Development in Telangana
Stage of Ground Water Development (%)
Source: Central Groundwater Board 2014
responsible for this decline in groundwater-table. Figure 12.14 indicates the various aspects of
groundwater development in Telangana viz., annual use, net availability and rechargeable resource in
various districts in the state.
-
Environment Protection Training & Research Institute, HyderabadMinistry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India
302State of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015Chp.12
Fig. 12.13 Status of groundwater exploitation in Command & non- command areas (2014)
Fig. 12.14 Various aspects of Groundwater resource in Telangana(2014)
Availability of groundwater in non-command and command area was also analysed. In non-command
areas where there is no access to irrigation projects or canal network, groundwater resource is critical,
however its replenishment is hampered due to concretization of surfaces in cities leading to poor
infiltration opportunity and consequent stress on available water resource in urban areas. In such areas
preservation of surface water bodies like lakes, cheruvu, ponds and river streams are critical. Government
policy interventions like implementation of AP-WALTA (2002) and Mission Kakatiya (2015) are critical to
preserve, conserve and protect water resources.
Figure 12.15 indicates the availability of groundwater resource in non-command areas in various districts
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Stag
e o
f G
rou
nd
wat
er D
evel
op
men
t (%
)
District
Command
Non-Command
Source: Central Groundwater Board 2014
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
Gro
un
dw
ate
r R
eso
urc
es
(ha.
m)
District
Annual Replenishable ResourcesNet Availability
Source: Central Groundwater Board 2014
-
Environment Protection Training & Research Institute, HyderabadMinistry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India
303State of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015Chp.12
in Telangana. Khammam, Adilabad and Mahabubnagar have a high net availability of groundwater but
Rangareddy has limited resource and a growing demand. This imbalance would eventually restrict the
process of urbanization in the Hyderabad Urban Agglomeration (HUA) and adjoining Rangareddy district.
In command areas within Karimnagar and Nalgonda districts, there is high net availability of groundwater
resource followed by Warangal, Khammam and Nizambad (Figure 12.16). Groundwater availability was
found to be poor in Medak and practically nil in case of Rangareddy. This lack of water resource as a result of
lack of irrigation projects in the district could hamper urbanization process in near future.
Fig.12.15 Pressure on Groundwater resources in Non-Command-areas in Telangana (2010-2011)
Fig.12.16 Pressure on Groundwater in Command-areas in Telangana (2010-2011)
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
Sta
tus
of
Gro
un
dw
ate
r (h
a.m
)
District
Net Annual Availability
Existing Gross draft for domestic & industrial
Net Availability for future development
Source: Central Groundwater Board 2014
0100002000030000400005000060000700008000090000
100000
Sta
tus
of
Gro
un
dw
ate
r (h
a.m
)
District
Net Annual Availability
Existing Gross draft for domestic & industrial
Net Availability for future development
Source: Central Groundwater Board 2014
-
Environment Protection Training & Research Institute, HyderabadMinistry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India
304State of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015Chp.12
12.5.4 Regional Scenario of Groundwater Resource and Draft
As groundwater is a critical resource in non-command areas in the state, the state of its draft was analysed.
The Central Groundwater Board, Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation,
Govt., of India (CGWB, 2014) assesses the state of groundwater development which actually connotes the
level of exploitation or draft of groundwater at Mandal / Tehsil level within districts in the country. The
dynamics of groundwater resource as on 31 March, 2011 report was published in July, 2014. The
organization categorizes groundwater stage in each of the Mandal / Tehsil in the country as indicated in
Table 12.1.
Based on this categorization of stage of groundwater development in the state, all the Mandals with various
districts of Telangana were analysed. It was seen that in Adilabad in 7 Mandals groundwater resource was
in stress; of these six were at semi-critical state while in one Mandal named Nirmal, groundwater was over-
exploited. In case of Nizambad in 12 Mandals groundwater was stressed; it was semi-critical in 8 of them,
critical in one and over-exploited in three (Fig. 12.17). The situation in Khammam, Karimnagar and
Warangal, the situation was severe. It was semi-critical in one Mandal in Khammam, semi-critical in 4 and
over exploited in 11 Mandals in Karimnagar and 7 semi-critical, 4 critical and 10 over-exploited Mandals
in Warangal (Fig. 12.18). In central Telangana, it was over-exploited in Hyderabad, semi-critical in 10
Mandals in Rangareddy district and semi-critical in 7 and over-exploited in 14 Mandals in Medak district.
This is indicative of the fact that present state of urbanization in HUA region and industrial development in
Rangareddy and Medak districts has taken a toll on groundwater resource (Fig. 12.19).
Table 12.1 Categorization of stage of groundwater exploitation in India (CGWB, 2014)
Fig.12.17 Stage of groundwater exploitation in Adilabad & Nizambad
Stage of groundwater
development
Significant long-term water-
level decline trend
Category
Pre-monsoon Post-
monsoon
70% and 70% and 90% and 100% No Yes Over-Exploited
>100% Yes No Over-Exploited
>100% Yes Yes Over-Exploited
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Stag
e of
Gro
undw
ater
Exp
loit
atio
n (%
)
Mandal >100% Over - Expoited
>90% & 70% &
-
Environment Protection Training & Research Institute, HyderabadMinistry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India
305State of Environment Report, Telangana - 2015Chp.12
Fig. 12.18 State of groundwater draft serving as pressure on urbanization process in Khammam, Karimnagar & Warangal districts
Fig.12.19 Pressure on groundwater in HUA region and districts of Rangareddy & Medak
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Tiru
mal
alay
apal
em
Chan
durt
hy
Elka
thur
thy
Siric
illa
Vela
gatu
r
Bhee
mad
evar
apal
ly
Chig
urum
amid
i
Gan
gadh
ara
Hus
naba
d
kath
alap
ur
Kesh
avap