landscape ecological consequences of the (sub)urbanization … · 2018-12-04 · landscape...
TRANSCRIPT
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Landscape ecological consequences of
the (sub)urbanization process in an
African city: Lubumbashi
(Democratic Republic of Congo)
Marie ANDRÉ
Défense publique de thèse
12 janvier 2017
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1. Introduction
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Anthropisation
3
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Anthropisation
4
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Anthropisation
5
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Anthropisation
construction de corridors
désertification
intensification de
l’agriculture reforestation
(péri)urbanisation déforestation
6
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Anthropisation
construction de corridors
désertification
intensification de
l’agriculture reforestation
(péri)urbanisation déforestation
7
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Anthropisation
construction de corridors
désertification
intensification de
l’agriculture reforestation
(péri)urbanisation déforestation
8
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Anthropisation
construction de corridors
désertification
intensification de
l’agriculture reforestation
(péri)urbanisation déforestation
9
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Anthropisation
construction de corridors
désertification
intensification de
l’agriculture reforestation
(péri)urbanisation déforestation
10
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Anthropisation
construction de corridors
désertification
intensification de
l’agriculture reforestation
(péri)urbanisation déforestation
11
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Anthropisation
construction de corridors
désertification
intensification de
l’agriculture reforestation
(péri)urbanisation déforestation
12
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Anthropisation
construction de corridors
désertification
intensification de
l’agriculture reforestation
(péri)urbanisation déforestation
13
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anthropisation
construction de corridors
désertification
intensification de
l’agriculture reforestation
(péri)urbanisation déforestation
14
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anthropisation
construction de corridors
désertification
intensification de
l’agriculture reforestation
(péri)urbanisation déforestation
15
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© S
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Introduction: urbanisation
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Introduction: urbanisation
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. . .
anthropisation
construction de corridors
désertification
intensification de
l’agriculture reforestation
(péri)urbanisation déforestation
feux
défrichage coupe de bois de chauffe carrières
changement de végétation drainage
20
Impacts secondaires
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21
Introduction: urbanisation – délimitations?
Forstall et al, 2008
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Introduction: récapitulatif
• Anthropisation – périurbanisation et urbanisation
• Espace = ressource limitée
• Echelle du paysage
• Impacts secondaires de la périurbanisation et de
l’urbanisation: quelle délimitation?
• Périurbanisation et urbanisation: quelles définitions et
quelle délimitation?
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2. Questions de recherche
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Questions de recherche
Q: Comment évaluer les conséquences écopaysagères des processus d’urbanisation et de périurbanisation d’une ville d’Afrique sub-saharienne?
SQ1: Comparé à quel état?
SQ2: Meilleures méthodes d’évaluation?
SQ4: Comment différencier les zones dans le gradient urbain-rural?
SQ5: Quels indices paysagers pour localiser les zones dans le gradient urbain-rural?
SQ6: Ça marche vraiment? Défis de classification
SQ3: Ça marche vraiment?
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3. Matériel et méthode, résultats et
discussions
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Cas d’étude: Lubumbashi (RDC)
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Cas d’étude: Lubumbashi (RDC)
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© Marie André
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Cas d’étude: Lubumbashi (RDC)
© G
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16
© U
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Cas d’étude: Lubumbashi (RDC)
© G
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20
16
© M
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An
dré
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Cas d’étude: Lubumbashi (RDC)
© G
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gleE
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20
16
© M
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An
dré
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Cas d’étude: Lubumbashi (RDC)
UN, 2014
2014-2030
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Cas d’étude: Lubumbashi (RDC)
BEAU, 2009
Lubumbashi
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Cas d’étude: Lubumbashi (RDC)
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Utilisation et couverture du sol: dynamiques anthropiques
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Utilisation et couverture du sol: dynamiques anthropiques
Q: Comment évaluer les conséquences écopaysagères des processus d’urbanisation et de périurbanisation d’une ville d’Afrique sub-saharienne?
SQ1: Comparé à quel état?
SQ2: Meilleures méthodes d’évaluation?
SQ4: Comment différencier les zones dans le gradient urbain-rural?
SQ5: Quels indices paysagers pour localiser les zones dans le gradient urbain-rural?
SQ6: Ça marche vraiment? Défis de classification
SQ3: Ça marche vraiment?
![Page 36: Landscape ecological consequences of the (sub)urbanization … · 2018-12-04 · Landscape ecological consequences of the (sub)urbanization process in an African city: Lubumbashi](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042203/5ea42b6bcdd8a459b57980db/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
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(SQ1) États de référence H
ém
éro
bie
Hémérobie:
Mesure de la différence entre un état naturel de référence et
un état anthropisé
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(SQ1) États de référence H
ém
éro
bie
Temps
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(SQ1) États de référence H
ém
éro
bie
Temps
Naturalité:
État du système lorsqu’aucune activité humaine ne l’influence
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(SQ1) États de référence H
ém
éro
bie
Temps
Naturalité:
État du système lorsqu’aucune activité humaine ne l’influence
Etat de référence de naturalité
= point de départ pour mesurer l’anthropisation
= but à atteindre lors d’une restauration écologique
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(SQ1) États de référence H
ém
éro
bie
Temps
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(SQ1) États de référence H
ém
éro
bie
Temps Naturalité
originelle
© http://www.egaliteetreconciliation.fr
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(SQ1) États de référence H
ém
éro
bie
Temps Naturalité
originelle Naturalité
virtuelle
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(SQ1) États de référence H
ém
éro
bie
Temps Naturalité
originelle Naturalité
virtuelle
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(SQ1) États de référence H
ém
éro
bie
Temps Naturalité
originelle Naturalité
virtuelle
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(SQ1) États de référence H
ém
éro
bie
Temps Naturalité
originelle Naturalité
virtuelle
Succession écologique
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(SQ1) États de référence H
ém
éro
bie
Temps Naturalité
originelle
Perturbations abiotiques
Naturalité
potentielle
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(SQ1) États de référence H
ém
éro
bie
Temps Naturalité
originelle Naturalité
virtuelle
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(SQ1) États de référence H
ém
éro
bie
Temps Naturalité
originelle
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(SQ1) États de référence H
ém
éro
bie
Temps Naturalité
originelle
Anthropisé
NOUVEL
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(SQ1) États de référence H
ém
éro
bie
Temps Naturalité
originelle
Anthropisation globale
Hém
éro
bie
Temps
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(SQ1) États de référence
Anthropisation globale
Hém
éro
bie
Temps
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(SQ1) États de référence
Anthropisation globale
Hém
éro
bie
Temps
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(SQ1) États de référence
Anthropisation globale
Hém
éro
bie
Naturalité
future
Temps © http://machbio.blogspot.be/
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(SQ1) États de référence
Anthropisation globale
Hém
éro
bie
Naturalité
potentielle
Perturbations abiotiques
Temps
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(SQ1) États de référence
Anthropisation globale
Hém
éro
bie
État
analogue
artificiel
Temps
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(SQ1) États de référence
Anthropisation globale
Hém
éro
bie
Temps Naturalité indigène artificielle
Perturbations abiotiques
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(SQ1) États de référence H
ém
éro
bie
Naturalité
originelle Naturalité
virtuelle
Na
tura
lité
po
ten
tielle
Na
tura
lité p
ote
ntie
lle
Hém
éro
bie
Anthropisation globale
Anthropisé
Naturalité
future
Perturbations abiotiques
Naturalité
virtuelle
Temps
Naturalité indigène artificielle
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58
(SQ1) États de référence H
ém
éro
bie
Naturalité
originelle Naturalité
virtuelle
Na
tura
lité
po
ten
tielle
Na
tura
lité p
ote
ntie
lle
Hém
éro
bie
Anthropisation globale
Anthropisé
Naturalité
future
Perturbations abiotiques
Naturalité
virtuelle
Temps
Naturalité indigène artificielle
?
? ? ? ?
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59
(SQ1) États de référence: Lubumbashi
- Seuil non passé
- Anthropisation globale négligeable
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60
(SQ1) États de référence: Lubumbashi
- Seuil non passé
- Anthropisation globale négligeable
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61
(SQ1) États de référence: Lubumbashi
Forêt claire sur sols peu profonds,
forêt dense sempervirente sèche,
marécages naturels,
végétation des collines de cuivre
- Seuil non passé
- Anthropisation globale négligeable
- Interventions précoloniales:
anthropiques
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62
Utilisation et couverture du sol: dynamiques anthropiques
Q: Comment évaluer les conséquences écopaysagères des processus d’urbanisation et de périurbanisation d’une ville d’Afrique sub-saharienne?
SQ1: Comparé à quel état?
SQ2: Meilleures méthodes d’évaluation?
SQ4: Comment différencier les zones dans le gradient urbain-rural?
SQ5: Quels indices paysagers pour localiser les zones dans le gradient urbain-rural?
SQ6: Ça marche vraiment? Défis de classification
SQ3: Ça marche vraiment?
![Page 63: Landscape ecological consequences of the (sub)urbanization … · 2018-12-04 · Landscape ecological consequences of the (sub)urbanization process in an African city: Lubumbashi](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042203/5ea42b6bcdd8a459b57980db/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
(SQ2) Méthodes existantes d’évaluation
63
Mesures quantitatives simples
pourcentage de surface imperméabilisée
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(SQ2) Méthodes existantes d’évaluation
64
Mesures quantitatives simples
pourcentage de surface imperméabilisée pourcentage d’espèces indigènes
Index composites
![Page 65: Landscape ecological consequences of the (sub)urbanization … · 2018-12-04 · Landscape ecological consequences of the (sub)urbanization process in an African city: Lubumbashi](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042203/5ea42b6bcdd8a459b57980db/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
(SQ2) Méthodes existantes d’évaluation
65
Mesures quantitatives simples
pourcentage de surface imperméabilisée pourcentage d’espèces indigènes
Index composites
Echelles d’hémérobie Niveau
d’hémérobie
Surface imperméabilisée,
espèces indigènes
0 0%, 100%
1 0-50%, 50-100%
2 50-100%, <50%
![Page 66: Landscape ecological consequences of the (sub)urbanization … · 2018-12-04 · Landscape ecological consequences of the (sub)urbanization process in an African city: Lubumbashi](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042203/5ea42b6bcdd8a459b57980db/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
(SQ2) Méthodes existantes d’évaluation
66
Mesures quantitatives simples
Index composites
Echelles d’hémérobie
Données qualitatives Présence d’influences anthropiques
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(SQ2) Méthodes existantes d’évaluation
67
Mesures quantitatives simples
Index composites
Echelles d’hémérobie
Données qualitatives
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Défis de classification
SQ3: Ça marche vraiment?
68
Utilisation et couverture du sol: dynamiques anthropiques
Q: Comment évaluer les conséquences écopaysagères des processus d’urbanisation et de périurbanisation d’une ville d’Afrique sub-saharienne?
SQ1: Comparé à quel état?
SQ2: Meilleures méthodes d’évaluation?
SQ4: Comment différencier les zones dans le gradient urbain-rural?
SQ5: Quels indices paysagers pour localiser les zones dans le gradient urbain-rural?
SQ6: Ça marche vraiment?
![Page 69: Landscape ecological consequences of the (sub)urbanization … · 2018-12-04 · Landscape ecological consequences of the (sub)urbanization process in an African city: Lubumbashi](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042203/5ea42b6bcdd8a459b57980db/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
(SQ3 & SQ6) Lubumbashi Matériel
69
Type of data (Specific)
objective(s)
04/05/2002, 07/07/2002, 08/08/2002, 11/10/2002,
27/06/2013, 13/07/2013 and 30/08/2013 Landsat ETM+
and OLI multispectral images
GPS points
Google Earth images
3, 6 and O
Digital elevation model, 90m spatial resolution
Modis MCD14ML “Active fire” products 3
05/11/2014 Landsat ETM+ and OLI multispectral images
Digital elevation model, 30m spatial resolution 6 and O
Landsat 07/07/2002
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(SQ3 & SQ6) Lubumbashi Matériel
70
Type of data (Specific)
objective(s)
04/05/2002, 07/07/2002, 08/08/2002, 11/10/2002,
27/06/2013, 13/07/2013 and 30/08/2013 Landsat ETM+
and OLI multispectral images
GPS points
Google Earth images
3, 6 and O
Digital elevation model, 90m spatial resolution
Modis MCD14ML “Active fire” products 3
05/11/2014 Landsat ETM+ and OLI multispectral images
Digital elevation model, 30m spatial resolution 6 and O
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71
2002
Limite du pays
Bâti continu
Terril
Bâti discontinu et sol nu
Végétation anthropisée à faible
biomasse
Plan d’eau
Forêt claire et savane boisée
Rivière
Marécages
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(SQ3) Lubumbashi Méthode: méthodologie D2N (Distance to Nature)
72
Mesures quantitatives simples
Index composites
Echelles d’hémérobie
Données qualitatives
D2N (Distance to Nature)
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(SQ3) Lubumbashi Méthode: méthodologie D2N (Distance to Nature)
73
Mesures quantitatives simples
Index composites
Echelles d’hémérobie
Données qualitatives
x
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(SQ3) Lubumbashi Méthode: méthodologie D2N (Distance to Nature)
74
Connectivité
structurelle
Echelle
d’hémérobie x
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75
Type of anthropogenic
influenceEcosystem patterns and processes
4 Savannah and bushland
5
Anthropised wetlands;
Crops, pastures, grassland
and young fallow; Recurrent
burned areas; Reservoirs
6. Artificial with
natural elements
Intensive and irreversible
changes of terrain and
landscape structure;
soil sealing up to 30%
Natural elements only in the form of
secondary biotopes
Rural settlements, mineral
extraction sites, dump sites,
airports
Discontinuous built, Bare
soil6
Discontinuous built, Bare
soil
7. Artificial soil sealing over 30% Artificial systems or structures
Continuous urban fabric,
industrial or commercial units,
road and rail networks
Continuous built, Slag heap 7 Continuous built, Slag heap
Hemeroby level
DescriptionExamples of land use types
found in Austria
Potential ecosystems (land
use / land cover) in the
area of Lubumbashi
Matching
hemeroby
class
1. Natural
No or only minimal
anthropogenic influence
(e.g. global pollution)
Bare rock, sparsely vegetated
areas, glaciers and perpetual
snow, inland marshes, peatbogs,
natural forests
Shallow soil woodland, Dry
evergreen forest, Wetlands,
Natural grassland, Copper
hills
2. Near-natural Anthropogenic influences
Structure and type of ecosystem is
basically the same as naturally expected at
the side but some characteristics (e.g. plant
species composition) are altered
Natural grasslands (above
timberline), moors and heathland,
water bodies, sustainably
managed forests
Deep soil woodland, Water
The naturally occuring ecosystem is no
longer present but has been transformed
into a new ecosystem type because of
anthropic activity
Alpine meadows substituting
forest pastures, fallow land
Regenerating forest,
Wooded savannah, Old
fallow
4. Altered
Regularly disturbing
anthropogenic activities
(e.g. drainage, regular
passing over, intense
fertilisation)
Changed ecosystem type, edaphon
regularly disturbed
Vineyard, intensively used
grasslands, plantation of energy
forests
Young fallow, Savannah,
Bushland, Grassland,
Pastures
3. Semi-natural Anthropogenic activities
4.5 Savannah / crops mosaic
5. Cultural Intense and regular impacts
Destruction of the natural occuring
edaphon.
Natural occuring floristic elements are
reduced to a minimum (< 25% coverage)
Arable land, green urban areas,
sport and leisure facilities
Anthropised wetlands,
Crops, Reservoirs,
Anthropised grasslands
3Wooded savannah and old
fallow
1 Wetland, Natural grassland
2 Woodland, Streams
Classified ecosystems
(land use / land cover) in
the area of Lubumbashi
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(SQ3) Lubumbashi Méthode: méthodologie D2N (Distance to Nature)
76
Connectivité
structurelle
Echelle
d’hémérobie x
0.29 0.29 1 1
0 0 1 1
0 0 1 1
0 0 0.86 0.86
0.45 0.45 0.63 1.00
0 0 0.45 0.89
0 0 0.45 0.89
0 0 0.45 0.89
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(SQ3) Lubumbashi Méthode: méthodologie D2N (Distance to Nature)
77
Connectivité
structurelle
Echelle
d’hémérobie x
0.13 0.13 0.63 1
0 0 0.45 0.89
0 0 0.45 0.89
0 0 0.38 0.77
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(SQ3) Lubumbashi Résultats
78
2002-2013
+ naturel + anthropisé
Écosystèmes
naturels
Écosystèmes
anthropisés
Petits
changements
Grands
changements Grands
changements
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79
Expansion des zones (péri)urbaines
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80
Expansion des zones (péri)urbaines
Q: Comment évaluer les conséquences écopaysagères des processus d’urbanisation et de périurbanisation d’une ville d’Afrique sub-saharienne?
SQ1: Comparé à quel état?
SQ2: Meilleures méthodes d’évaluation?
SQ4: Comment différencier les zones dans le gradient urbain-rural?
SQ5: Quels indices paysagers pour localiser les zones dans le gradient urbain-rural?
SQ6: Ça marche vraiment? Défis de classification
SQ3: Ça marche vraiment?
![Page 81: Landscape ecological consequences of the (sub)urbanization … · 2018-12-04 · Landscape ecological consequences of the (sub)urbanization process in an African city: Lubumbashi](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042203/5ea42b6bcdd8a459b57980db/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
(SQ4) Gradient urbain-rural: caractéristiques
discriminantes, nouvelles définitions Matériel et méthode
81
- Littérature
- Pour les différentes zones: caractéristiques
- Fréquence de citation
- Au moins deux des 5 attributs:
1. Quantifiable
2. Intégratif
3. Consensuel
4. Valeurs discontinues
5. Facile à acquérir sur le terrain
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(SQ4) Gradient urbain-rural: caractéristiques
discriminantes, nouvelles définitions Résultat
82
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83
Expansion des zones (péri)urbaines
Classification challenges
Q: Comment évaluer les conséquences écopaysagères des processus d’urbanisation et de périurbanisation d’une ville d’Afrique sub-saharienne?
SQ1: Comparé à quel état?
SQ2: Meilleures méthodes d’évaluation?
SQ4: Comment différencier les zones dans le gradient urbain-rural?
SQ5: Quels indices paysagers pour localiser les zones dans le gradient urbain-rural?
SQ3: Ça marche vraiment?
SQ6: Ça marche vraiment?
![Page 84: Landscape ecological consequences of the (sub)urbanization … · 2018-12-04 · Landscape ecological consequences of the (sub)urbanization process in an African city: Lubumbashi](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042203/5ea42b6bcdd8a459b57980db/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
(SQ5) Indices paysagers
(SQ6) Lubumbashi Méthode
84
Indice de proportion
de surface bâtie
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(SQ5) Indices paysagers
(SQ6) Lubumbashi Méthode
85
Indice de proportion
de surface bâtie
![Page 86: Landscape ecological consequences of the (sub)urbanization … · 2018-12-04 · Landscape ecological consequences of the (sub)urbanization process in an African city: Lubumbashi](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042203/5ea42b6bcdd8a459b57980db/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
(SQ5) Indices paysagers
(SQ6) Lubumbashi Méthode
86
Indice de proportion
de surface bâtie
![Page 87: Landscape ecological consequences of the (sub)urbanization … · 2018-12-04 · Landscape ecological consequences of the (sub)urbanization process in an African city: Lubumbashi](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042203/5ea42b6bcdd8a459b57980db/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
(SQ5) Indices paysagers
(SQ6) Lubumbashi Méthode
87
Indice de proportion
de surface bâtie
![Page 88: Landscape ecological consequences of the (sub)urbanization … · 2018-12-04 · Landscape ecological consequences of the (sub)urbanization process in an African city: Lubumbashi](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042203/5ea42b6bcdd8a459b57980db/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
(SQ5) Indices paysagers
(SQ6) Lubumbashi Méthode
88
Indice de proportion
de surface bâtie
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(SQ6) Lubumbashi Méthode
89
- Proportion de bâti: - Bâti continu: 75%
- Bâti discontinu: 25%
- Autres: 0%
- Carte de proportion de bâti
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(SQ6) Lubumbashi Méthode
90
- Proportion de bâti: - Bâti continu: 75%
- Bâti discontinu: 25%
- Autres: 0%
- Carte de proportion de bâti
Points GPS -> zones
![Page 91: Landscape ecological consequences of the (sub)urbanization … · 2018-12-04 · Landscape ecological consequences of the (sub)urbanization process in an African city: Lubumbashi](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042203/5ea42b6bcdd8a459b57980db/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
(SQ6) Lubumbashi Méthode
91
- Proportion de bâti: - Bâti continu: 75%
- Bâti discontinu: 25%
- Autres: 0%
- Carte de proportion de bâti
10 segmentations récursives
Points GPS -> zones
![Page 92: Landscape ecological consequences of the (sub)urbanization … · 2018-12-04 · Landscape ecological consequences of the (sub)urbanization process in an African city: Lubumbashi](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042203/5ea42b6bcdd8a459b57980db/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
(SQ6) Lubumbashi Méthode
92
Surface d’impact spatial secondaire:
Type of anthropogenic
influenceEcosystem patterns and processes
4 Savannah and bushland
5
Anthropised wetlands;
Crops, pastures, grassland
and young fallow; Recurrent
burned areas; Reservoirs
6. Artificial with
natural elements
Intensive and irreversible
changes of terrain and
landscape structure;
soil sealing up to 30%
Natural elements only in the form of
secondary biotopes
Rural settlements, mineral
extraction sites, dump sites,
airports
Discontinuous built, Bare
soil6
Discontinuous built, Bare
soil
7. Artificial soil sealing over 30% Artificial systems or structures
Continuous urban fabric,
industrial or commercial units,
road and rail networks
Continuous built, Slag heap 7 Continuous built, Slag heap
Hemeroby level
DescriptionExamples of land use types
found in Austria
Potential ecosystems (land
use / land cover) in the
area of Lubumbashi
Matching
hemeroby
class
1. Natural
No or only minimal
anthropogenic influence
(e.g. global pollution)
Bare rock, sparsely vegetated
areas, glaciers and perpetual
snow, inland marshes, peatbogs,
natural forests
Shallow soil woodland, Dry
evergreen forest, Wetlands,
Natural grassland, Copper
hills
2. Near-natural Anthropogenic influences
Structure and type of ecosystem is
basically the same as naturally expected at
the side but some characteristics (e.g. plant
species composition) are altered
Natural grasslands (above
timberline), moors and heathland,
water bodies, sustainably
managed forests
Deep soil woodland, Water
The naturally occuring ecosystem is no
longer present but has been transformed
into a new ecosystem type because of
anthropic activity
Alpine meadows substituting
forest pastures, fallow land
Regenerating forest,
Wooded savannah, Old
fallow
4. Altered
Regularly disturbing
anthropogenic activities
(e.g. drainage, regular
passing over, intense
fertilisation)
Changed ecosystem type, edaphon
regularly disturbed
Vineyard, intensively used
grasslands, plantation of energy
forests
Young fallow, Savannah,
Bushland, Grassland,
Pastures
3. Semi-natural Anthropogenic activities
4.5 Savannah / crops mosaic
5. Cultural Intense and regular impacts
Destruction of the natural occuring
edaphon.
Natural occuring floristic elements are
reduced to a minimum (< 25% coverage)
Arable land, green urban areas,
sport and leisure facilities
Anthropised wetlands,
Crops, Reservoirs,
Anthropised grasslands
3Wooded savannah and old
fallow
1 Wetland, Natural grassland
2 Woodland, Streams
Classified ecosystems
(land use / land cover) in
the area of Lubumbashi
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(SQ6) Lubumbashi Résultats
93
Segmentations récursives: max. = 0.68; moyen = 0.51
+ 716 km²
+ 77 km²
+ 74 km²
2002 2013/14
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(SQ6) Lubumbashi Résultats
94
Segmentations récursives: max. = 0.68; moyen = 0.51
+ 716 km²
+ 77 km²
+ 74 km²
2002 2013/14
+ 55 %
+ 67 %
+ 280 %
![Page 95: Landscape ecological consequences of the (sub)urbanization … · 2018-12-04 · Landscape ecological consequences of the (sub)urbanization process in an African city: Lubumbashi](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042203/5ea42b6bcdd8a459b57980db/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
95
Lubumbashi: conséquences écopaysagères des processus
d’urbanisation et de périurbanisation
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Lubumbashi: conséquences écopaysagères des processus
d’urbanisation et de périurbanisation
Classification challenges
Q: Comment évaluer les conséquences écopaysagères des processus d’urbanisation et de périurbanisation d’une ville d’Afrique sub-saharienne?
SQ1: Comparé à quel état?
SQ2: Meilleures méthodes d’évaluation?
SQ4: Comment différencier les zones dans le gradient urbain-rural?
SQ5: Quels indices paysagers pour localiser les zones dans le gradient urbain-rural?
SQ3: Ça marche vraiment?
SQ6: Ça marche vraiment?
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Lubumbashi: conséquences écopaysagères des
processus d’urbanisation et de périurbanisation 97
Zones d’impact spatial secondaire
Zones périurbaines
Zones urbaines
2002-2014
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4. Perspectives
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Perspectives: données et méthodes
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- Images Sentinel; Influence de la résolution spatiale
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Perspectives: données et méthodes
100
- Images Sentinel; Influence de la résolution spatiale
- Soft/fuzzy classification, techniques d’analyse du changement
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Perspectives: données et méthodes
101
- Images Sentinel; Influence de la résolution spatiale
- Soft/fuzzy classification, techniques d’analyse du changement
- Non dépassement du seuil de non-retour?
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Perspectives: données et méthodes
102
- Images Sentinel; Influence de la résolution spatiale
- Soft/fuzzy classification, techniques d’analyse du changement
- Non dépassement du seuil de non-retour?
- Effets anthropiques globaux?
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Perspectives: données et méthodes
103
- Images Sentinel; Influence de la résolution spatiale
- Soft/fuzzy classification, techniques d’analyse du changement
- Non dépassement du seuil de non-retour?
- Effets anthropiques globaux?
- Connectivité fonctionnelle
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Perspectives: données et méthodes
104
- Images Sentinel; Influence de la résolution spatiale
- Soft/fuzzy classification, techniques d’analyse du changement
- Non dépassement du seuil de non-retour?
- Effets anthropiques globaux?
- Connectivité fonctionnelle
- Délimitation des zones urbaines: indice de configuration
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Perspectives: données et méthodes
105
- Images Sentinel; Influence de la résolution spatiale
- Soft/fuzzy classification, techniques d’analyse du changement
- Non dépassement du seuil de non-retour?
- Effets anthropiques globaux?
- Connectivité fonctionnelle
- Délimitation des zones urbaines: indice de configuration
- Données socio-économiques spatialement explicites
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Perspectives: données et méthodes
106
- Images Sentinel; Influence de la résolution spatiale
- Soft/fuzzy classification, techniques d’analyse du changement
- Non dépassement du seuil de non-retour?
- Effets anthropiques globaux?
- Connectivité fonctionnelle
- Délimitation des zones urbaines: indice de configuration
- Données socio-économiques spatialement explicites
- Impact des activités minières
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Perspectives: données et méthodes
107
- Images Sentinel; Influence de la résolution spatiale
- Soft/fuzzy classification, techniques d’analyse du changement
- Non dépassement du seuil de non-retour?
- Effets anthropiques globaux?
- Connectivité fonctionnelle
- Délimitation des zones urbaines: indice de configuration
- Données socio-économiques spatialement explicites
- Impact des activités minières
- Autres villes
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Gestion du territoire: recommandations et
perspectives de recherche 108
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Gestion du territoire: recommandations et
perspectives de recherche 109
Réflexion et collaboration
à un niveau plus large
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Gestion du territoire: recommandations et
perspectives de recherche 110
• Meilleure gestion du bois de
chauffe
• Meilleure gestion forestière
• Statut de protection
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Gestion du territoire: recommandations et
perspectives de recherche 111
• Agroforesterie
• Agriculture et plantations
forestières plus performants
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Gestion du territoire: recommandations et
perspectives de recherche 112
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MERCI POUR VOTRE ATTENTION!
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