buiness research methodology

8/14/2019 Buiness Research Methodology

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WELC

ME


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Ethical questions arephilosophical questions


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General rights and

obligations of theconcerned parties


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Ethical questions are

philosophical

questions

Ethical

principles

To maintain the

highest level of

business and

professional

conduct

To maintain high

standards of

competence

To protect theanonymity of

respondents

To promote the

trust of the public

for marketing and

survey research

To maintain

accuracy


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Rights and obligations of

the respondents and theresearchers


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RESPONDENT: Is the person who give

input or information and views to the

researcher at the time of questioning.

RESEARCHER: Is the person whocollects information from the

respondent so as to conduct research.


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Rights and Obligations of the Respondent

The Obligation to Be Truthful:

When a subject willingly consents to participate, it is generally

expected that he or she will provide truthful answers. Honest

cooperation is the main obligation of the respondent or subject.


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Privacy:

This issue involves the subject's freedom to choose whether to

comply with an investigator's request.

Generally, certain standards of common courtesy have been

set by interviewing firms-for example, not to interview late in theevening and at other inconvenient times.


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Deception:

In a number of situations the researcher creates a

false impression by disguising the purpose of the research.

Deception or concealment may be used if a researcher

would otherwise be unable to observe or straightforwardly ask aboutthe phenomena of interest and still hold all other factors constant.


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The Right to Be Informed:

The subjects have a right to be informed of all aspects

of the research, including information about its purpose and

sponsorship.


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Rights and Obligations of the Researcher

The Purpose of Research is Research:No research firm should engage in any practice other

than scientific investigation.

Objectivity:

Ensuring accuracy via objectivity and scientificinvestigation is very important. Researchers should maintain high

standards to ensure that the data they collect are accurate.


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Misrepresentation of Research:

Research companies (and clients) should not

misrepresent the statistical accuracy of their data, nor should they

overstate the Significance of the results by altering the findings.


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Protecting the Right to Confidentiality of Both Subjects and

Clients:

It is the researchers responsibility to ensure that the

privacy and anonymity of the respondents are preserved.

Information that a research supplier obtains about aclient's general business affairs should not be disseminated, to other

clients or third parties.


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Dissemination of Faulty Conclusions:

After conducting a research project, the researcher or

decision maker may disseminate conclusions from the research that

are inconsistent with or not warranted by the data. Most research

professionals consider this to be improper.


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Competing Research Proposals:

Consider a client who has solicited several bids for a

business research project. The research supplier that wins the bid is

asked by the client to appropriate ideas from the proposal of a

competing research supplier and include them in the research study

to be done for the client. This is generally regarded as unethical.


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Rights and obligations ofthe sponsoring Client


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Nature of businessproblem


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Ethics between Buyer and Seller:The General Business ethics Apply (i.e., not to

solicit competitive bids when a researchproposal from a friend already is accepted).

An Open Relationship with ResearchSuppliers:

The Sponsoring Clint obliged to encourage theresearcher to seek out the truth objectively.


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An Open Relationship with InterestedParties:

Conclusion should be based on the data. Auser should not disseminate conclusions froma research that are inconsistent with the data.

Privacy:

The privacy rights of subjects create a privacyobligation on the part of the client.

Privacy on the Internet: It is a Controversial issue. whether Web site

questionnaires, registration forms, and othermeans of collecting personal information arelegitimate.


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Some Websites, such as American Online

(AOL), established privacy policy assuringcustomers that it will not divulge anyinformation (Eg: Customers E-mail Websitevisit and related information ) to anyone

without their authorisation. people are more willing to disclose sensitiveinformation if they are aware of the Websites privacy policy.

Many Websites today use privacy statementthat visitors can access.


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Commitment to Research:

A Business Research undertaken to support a

specific claim in a legal action. Research design is often developed on what a

Judge or Jury will consider appropriate.

Researchers engaged in such work do not

necessarily bias results intentionally. However many Advocacy Research trial rarely

Submit research evidence that does not supportthe Clients position.


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Can the researcher search out thetruth when the Sponsoring client wishes

to support its position at a trial? Pseudo-Pilot Studies;

Sometimes a client will suggest that a

more comprehensive study is in theplanning stages and that the proposal theresearch supplier is bidding on is a pilotstudy.


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Nature of the Business

Problem Business problems are sometimes hard todefine.

Different people see the problem indifferent ways.

Well-tested research techniques areregularly used to investigate routine

problems that have already been defined.


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Importanceof proper

problemdefinition

The Research ProcessThe Research Process

Problem Discovery

and Definition

ResearchDesign

Sampling

Data

Gathering

Data Processingand Analysis

Conclusions and

Report

Discovery and

Definition

and so on


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1.Research should

not begin untilthe problem has

been clearly

defined.2.Properly and

completely

defining abusiness

problem makes

research easier.

3. The right answer

to the wrong

question may be

absolutely

worthless.4. Solution to the

wrong problem

may actually beharmful


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Process of problemdefinition


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Problem Definition

The indication of a

specific business

decision area that will

be clarified by

answering some

research questions.


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The Process of

Problem Definition

Ascertain thedecisionmakersobjectives

Understandbackground ofthe problem

Isolate/identifythe problem,not thesymptoms

Determine unitof analysis

Determinerelevantvariables

State researchquestions andobjectives


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Ascertain the Decision

Makers Objectives

The studies:

Goals

Objectives

Targets

Aspirations

What do you want toaccomplish?


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Understand the Background

of the Problem Isolate and identify the

root problems, not the

symptoms

The Why

Do a needs analysis

Why does the problem

exist?

The informal gathering of

background informationto familiarize researchers

or managers with the

decision area.


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The Iceberg Principle

The principle

indicating that the

dangerous part of

many businessproblems is neither

visible to nor

understood by

managers.


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Determine the

Unit of Analysis

Who or what is tobe analyzed? Organization?

People? Attitudes?

Behaviors?

Processes?

What?


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What Are the Relevant Variable

Anything that may assumedifferent numerical values

Categorical: Put into categories but

have no equal order

top vs. bottom

Gender, ethnicity

Hint: of male is?

Continuous:

Values within a given orinfinite range that haveequal order

0 to 100

SD to SA

Hint: of 100 is?


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Independent Influence variable; variable

you can manipulate

Dependent Measured variable;

measure the effect of the IV

Extraneous Variables external to the

study that could affect theDV

Time of day, style ofteaching, etc.

Typ

es

ofV

ariabl e

s


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What are the

research questionsand objectives

Question: What is theeffect of a graduate degree

on income?

Objectives: How much do

those with a Bachelors

make? Masters? Doctorate?

Deeper Question: Why do

we need to know this?


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Problem statementclarification

H C th P blH C th P bl


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How Can the ProblemHow Can the Problem

Statement Be ClarifiedStatement Be Clarified

What is a statement problem?

Define and describe the problem

Tool to clarify the issue byspecifically identifying what has toimprove to: To meet goal

The magnitude of the problem Where? With whom?, and when? of the

problem.

The financial impact.

ELEMENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL PROBLEM


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ELEMENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL PROBLEMSTATEMENT

Description and measure used todescribe it

Process name and location of theproblem

Time frame

Magnitude of the problem.


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Objective Statement

Tool which directly describes the

problem statement

ELEMENTS:

Improvement from baseline to goalIndicate level of improvement


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SYMPTOMS

Symptoms are used if the problem is vague or

unclear.

To identify the symptoms following questionshave to be answered:

----- Who is involved?-----What has happened?

-----Where it is occurring?

-----When does it happen?

Eg: HR manager V/S Finance manager

D i i i t d


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Decision orientedresearch objectivesThe decision oriented research objectives are given as below:-

It promotes better decision making.

The research is the basis for innovation.

Research identifies the problem areas.

Research help in forecasting, which is useful for managers.


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Decision oriented researchobjectives

Research helps in formulation ofpolicies and strategies.

It helps in identifying marketingopportunities and constraints.


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Time spent defining

problemResearch proposal

How much time should be


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How much time should bespent defining the

problem?

RECOGNISED PROBLEM

Manager v/s researcher

Research


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Research

ProposalWritten statement of the researchdesign.Objectives

Problem definition

Methodology

Research processSchedule of costs and deadlines

Research


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Research

ProposalThink criticallyVague to precise

Information triggering proceduresWhy and how?

Communication function

Determine alterations, necessariesAccomplishment

H h ld l


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How should a proposalbe?

Communication

Explicit

Questions must be answered

Compliance with the audienceWriting it down

Creates a record

Omissions

Provides with standard


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CONCLUSIONThe respondent, researcher, and the client have to

be well aware of their rights and obligations andDefine the problem because a well definedproblem is like the problem almost solved. All

these will help in a successful research process.

THANK YOU

buiness research methodology

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