the english civil war henry viii henry viii creates the church of england (why?) with parliament’s...

The English Civil War

HENRY VIII• Henry VIII creates the

Church of England (WHY?)

with Parliament’s help• Henry VIII is married 6

times (has 3 surviving children - Mary, Elizabeth, Edward)

• Upon his death, Edward takes the throne (very Protestant!)

• After Edward dies, Mary becomes queen of England (very Catholic!)

• Mary dies without an heir; Elizabeth (Protestant) becomes queen

Queen Elizabeth I• Makes England a

Protestant country• Solidifies ties to Scotland &

Ireland• Made England one of the

most powerful nations in Europe

England’s Religious Rollercoaster!

Henry VIII - Catholic

Henry VIII- Protestant

Edward VI - Protestant

Queen Mary-

CatholicElizabeth I- Protestant

Queen Elizabeth I• Makes England a

Protestant country• Solidifies ties to Scotland &

Ireland• Made England one of the

most powerful nations in Europe

• When Elizabeth dies, the Tudor Dynasty ends (why?)

• James (VI) I of Scotland (her

cousin) becomes king; begins the Stuart Dynasty

• Trouble ahead….

Pretty cool

that I’m James VI

of Scotland AND James I

of England

!

James I

• Trouble started when James I took the throne after Elizabeth died

• Believed he had divine right• His greatest weakness: – always asking Parliament for

money to fund his extravagant lifestyle ; What is Parliament?

• Parliament and the people were not always happy with his foreign policy

James I

• James was head of church and state• The Puritans felt there was still too

much Catholic influence in the Church of England and wanted to “purify” it

• James refused reforms except for new translation of bible

• James felt criticism of the church meant you were not a loyal subject and you should leave

James I & Religion

Charles I (1625-1649)

• Charles I, Son of James, he also believed in divine right, opposed Puritans and married a Catholic

• Repeatedly asked Parliament for money • When a request for money was denied

he:• Put areas under martial law• Dissolved Parliament• Quartered troops in private homes

Charles I & Abuse of Power

• Parliament got fed up and the next time the king asked for money, they made him sign the Petition of Right

• Said the King WILL NOT: • Imprison unlawfully• House troops in private homes• Pass taxes without Parliament’s approval

• Charles signed it to get his money…but then ignored it & dissolved Parliament again!

• Ruled for 11 years as an absolute ruler!

•

Charles I & Abuse of Power

• Charles persecuted Puritans• Thousands of Puritans went on to seek

religious freedom in the American colonies

• Charles further angered Scotland when he tried to force Anglican prayer on them

• They were prepared to defend their freedom…

Charles I & Religion

ENGLISH CIVIL WAR

The English Civil War

• The Scots invaded England and the Irish rebelled over the practice of land grants

• Charles was in desperate need of money

• He was forced to call Parliament back and they were determined to limit his power

• Charles refused to agree to their demands and both sides prepared for war!

Beginnings of War

• Cavaliers - those who supported Charles I; nobles and landowners from north

• Roundheads - supporters of Parliament and Puritans; came from south

• Roundheads were led by • Oliver Cromwell• 4 yrs of conflict• Parliament won and Charles was

executed

English Civil War

The Beheading of Charles I

Oliver Cromwell Rules• After Charles I was executed the Monarchy & the House of Lords were abolished

• Oliver Cromwell was made Lord Protector of England

• Cromwell placed England under military rule…

Oliver Cromwell Rules• Crushed the Irish rebellion• Strict morality – abolished theater, sporting events, drinking, dancing, & even Christmas celebrations!

• When he died, people wanted a change & restored the monarch under Charles II

Horrible Histories

• English Civil War Song• http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tl0LL6yWGRU

• English Civil War News Report• http://

moodle.llanishen.cardiff.sch.uk/mod/resource/view.php?id=5273