imperialism 1750-1900
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IMPERIALISM (1770s-1914)IMPERIALISM (1770s-1914)
Industrialized nations (nation-Industrialized nations (nation-states of Europe, U.S., Russia, and states of Europe, U.S., Russia, and later Japan) strengthened their later Japan) strengthened their control over their colonies AND control over their colonies AND established transoceanic empires established transoceanic empires throughout Asia, the Pacific, and throughout Asia, the Pacific, and Africa.Africa.
Imperialism is this extension of Imperialism is this extension of political and economic control.political and economic control.
WHY did industrialized WHY did industrialized nations seek to control nations seek to control
other areas of the world in other areas of the world in the 18the 18thth and 19 and 19thth
centuries?centuries?
Western nations wanted: Western nations wanted: PROFIT!!PROFIT!!
Industrialized Industrialized nations wanted nations wanted access to: access to:
raw materials raw materials for their for their factoriesfactories
precious metals precious metals & jewels& jewels
To control the trade of valuable To control the trade of valuable products around the world.products around the world.
To relieve pressure of overpopulation To relieve pressure of overpopulation (and class conflict)(and class conflict)
To gain “Great Power” status in a To gain “Great Power” status in a competitive political systemcompetitive political system
JUSTIFICATION for JUSTIFICATION for ImperialismImperialism
New belief among imperial New belief among imperial powers that European (or powers that European (or Japanese) races were superior Japanese) races were superior (proved by science, progress, & (proved by science, progress, & religion).religion).
SOCIAL DARWINISM SOCIAL DARWINISM – efforts – efforts to apply evolution to human to apply evolution to human
historyhistory
Missionaries, aid societies, and Missionaries, aid societies, and others wanted to “Christianize” others wanted to “Christianize” and/or “civilize” people in “less and/or “civilize” people in “less developed” regions.developed” regions.
HOW did Western nations gain HOW did Western nations gain control over other regions of the control over other regions of the
world?world?
Industrialized nations: Industrialized nations: Used their stronger militaries Used their stronger militaries
(using superior firepower, (using superior firepower, military technology, & navies)military technology, & navies)
Industrialized nations had: Industrialized nations had: Developments in communication Developments in communication
(telegraph)(telegraph)
Industrialized nations had:Industrialized nations had:
WEALTH for investment & influence…WEALTH for investment & influence…
What is being advertised?
Where is this taking place?
What is going on?
What are the ways that this image symbolizes or give characteristics of Imperialism? (3 things)
Who was the queen at the time?
Advertisement 1897 Britain
Scramble for AfricaScramble for Africa
By 1914, 90% of Africa was under By 1914, 90% of Africa was under European controlEuropean control
Berlin Conference in 1885 set the Berlin Conference in 1885 set the ground rules for European ground rules for European colonization of Africacolonization of Africa
Africans in decentralized societies w/ Africans in decentralized societies w/ no formal state structure held out the no formal state structure held out the longest against European conquestlongest against European conquest
Industrialized nations used Industrialized nations used their wealth for influencetheir wealth for influence
Relied on native elites to Relied on native elites to directly rule and native directly rule and native soldiers to enforce lawssoldiers to enforce laws
Had support by industrialists, Had support by industrialists, military, and religious groupsmilitary, and religious groups
Industrialized nations had: Industrialized nations had: Medicines and medical technologyMedicines and medical technology
Quinine protected from malariaQuinine protected from malaria
Consequences of the Scramble Consequences of the Scramble for Africafor Africa
Traditional way of life disruptedTraditional way of life disrupted Economic exploitation of AfricansEconomic exploitation of Africans European racism imported into European racism imported into
AfricaAfrica Spread of European culture Spread of European culture
(education and religion)(education and religion) Spread of Western technologySpread of Western technology Change in women’s rolesChange in women’s roles
Largest colonial empire Largest colonial empire Great Britain (United Great Britain (United Kingdom)Kingdom)Includes England, Scotland, Wales, IrelandIncludes England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland
““White” Colonies White” Colonies Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South
AfricaAfrica
Populated mainly by people that moved Populated mainly by people that moved there from Britainthere from Britain
Given self-ruleGiven self-rule
Largest colonial empire Largest colonial empire Great Britain (United Great Britain (United Kingdom)Kingdom)Includes England, Scotland, Wales, IrelandIncludes England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland
““Non-white” Colonies in India & AfricaNon-white” Colonies in India & Africa Under indirect ruleUnder indirect rule Populated mainly by people who are native to Populated mainly by people who are native to
the areathe area Few people from Britain actually live there – but Few people from Britain actually live there – but
control the governmentcontrol the government
Indian Rebellion1857-58 Indian Rebellion1857-58 changes British controlchanges British control
•Indian soldiers or “sepoys” rebelled against the British leadership.
•After the violence ended, the British government took control of India from the British East India Company.
Consequences of British Consequences of British Imperialism in IndiaImperialism in India
British educational system establishedBritish educational system established Rise of educated Indian middle class Rise of educated Indian middle class
-eventually politically active-eventually politically active Hinduism more “defined”Hinduism more “defined” Spread of English languageSpread of English language Railroads tied India togetherRailroads tied India together
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