3 revolutions industrial communication transportation

3 Revolutions Industrial Communication Transportation

Industrial Began in England in 1700s Smuggled into America

Market Revolution

Economic

Assembly Line Mass Production = jobs, cheaper

items Shift from Artisans to workers on

lines

Eli Whitney Interchangeable Parts changes gun

making into a mass production in a factory

Interchangeable parts Impersonal, unskilled labor Complete one task Sell Nationwide or Abroad

Cotton Gin

How did this change the economy?

Corporations develop

Issue Stock= Raise Capital Limited Liability Economies of Scale

Industrialization begins in The Northeast By Water for power

Samuel Slater of Rhode Island Sneaks design of water frame out

of England The machine spins cloth in 1789

Francis Lowell 1814

Opens mills in Massachusetts

Mass production of cotton cloth

1000’s of workers Women and children

Lowell Mills : Massac. Low wages Low skills New Opportunities

Advertising Tony the Tiger

Farming Changes too

Reaper Harvester: plows Buy some household needs

now

Urban Development

Immigrants

Cities Grow 1820 only 2 cities are more than

100,000 By 1860 , 8 are there

Cities 1820 population - 1860 N.Y. = 123,705 813,669 Phil. = 63,802 565,529 Brooklyn = 7,175 266,661 Baltimore = 62,738 212,418 Boston = 43,298 177,840 New Orleans = 27,176 168,675

The Spirit of Reform 1828- 1845

Jacksonian America

II. CommunicationRevolution

Samuel Morse = Telegraph Morse Code

Journalist use it to share news

Associated Press = 1848 when they pool resources to collect and report news

50,000 nukes if telegraph wire connected the country

Read all about it!

III. Transportation Revolution Faster, Cheaper

Canals:

Erie Canal connects the Hudson River Valley to NYC

New York becomes a Major port

City population explodes

Canals are expensive but

Profitable

Speed increases

1815 Cincinnati to NYC = 50 days

1850 steamboat = 28 days

1850 canal = 18 days 1850 railroad = 6 – 8 days

Weather Dependent Ice, drought ………….. Stuck

None in the South Rivers are important here

Steamboats

Can travel up and down Mississippi River

Cheap to build Robert Fulton

Can carry large loads Cotton

Life expectancy is 5 years

Explosions

National Road Expensive Difficult to Built Hard to Maintain

Railroads are cheap, fast Carry alot

Is not weather dependent I think I can……

First Corporations Money becomes important North and North West link South links to England

Major Change in America Travel Move Economics

Andrew Jackson

The Hermitage

Old Hickory

King Andrew?

A new era in politics

Elimination of property ownership to vote

More urban voters, without property

They like Andy Jackson

Brilliant Lawyer - Dueler Bigamist 1st President to ride train

Spoils System

C. is the practice of appointing people to govt. jobs because of loyalty to the party or candidate.

Actions D. = Caucus System

congressional party members would choose the nominee

E. Jackson Supporters replace this with National Nominating Convention.

From which group did Andrew Jackson gather most of his support?

The common folks Democrats

The Nullification Crisis

States can override the authority of the Federal

Government

A. Tariff of Abominations

S.C. threatens to secede, withdraw from the nation

John. C. Calhoun, V.P. proposed nullification. Since the states had created the nation, they had the right to declare a federal law null = not valid

Famous Debate

Webster vs. Hayne

Force Bill authorizing the president to use the military to enforce acts of Congress

Policy toward Native Americans

Indian Policy

A. Indian Removal Act B. Worcester vs. Georgia –

ruled for the Cherokee – Jackson refused to support this decision

C. Trail of Tears

Trail of Tears Indian Removal Act of 1830, which

mandated the removal of all American Indian tribes east of the Mississippi River to lands in the West.

16,000 men, women, and children

made the sorrowful journey

Trail of Tears

Oklahoma- 1000’s Die

Jackson battles the Bank!!

2nd BUS Vetoed a bill to extend the

charter & removes Govt. $$

Veto Power

Dissolve Cabinets Dissolved BUS Trial Of Tears

King Andrew

Powerful Dominating Veto Power Used

The Whig party ran,

for some years, mostly in strong second place to the Democrats. They elected William Henry Harrison, in the famous "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too" campaign of nonsense

A New Party Emerges

WhigsExpand National Govt. & Commercial Growth

The Little Magician Wins Martin Van Buren

Panic of 1837 Economic Issues from “Pet Banks”

William Henry Harrison He should have worn a hat!

Harrison talks and talks……

Inauguration is long, cold, wet.

Harrison dies 32 days later Tyler succeeded Presidency

Tyler’s Surprise

He sided with the Democrats against Whigs.

Faced Foreign Affairs Established a firm boundary

between the U.S. and Canada

What issue helped the Whig’s win the Presidency of 1840?

A New Wave of Immigrants

Pages 273 – 275

Massive Influx of immigrants Religious & Political Reasons 2 million come from Ireland Famine Settled in the N.E. Unskilled Laborers

Germans= 2nd largest group

Midwest Started farms & Businesses German Newspapers &

Schools

Nativism = Hostility toward Foreigners

Know- Nothings = American Party = Secret Party

“I know nothing”

How did many Americans react to the influx of immigrants?

Well,,,,,,,,,

II. A Religious Revival

Page 275 – 276

2nd Great Awakening

All people could attain grace by readmitting God into their lives.

Charles Grandison Finney Young

Joseph Smith Church of Jesus Christ of

Latter- Day Saints, Mormons – Brigham

What religious Groups emerged during the 2nd Great Awakening??

Unitarians, Shakers, Mormons, Univeralists

III. A Literary Renaissance

Romanticism Transcendentalism Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreau

American Writers

James Fenimore Cooper Nathaniel Hawthorne Herman Melville Edgar Allan Poe Emily Dickinson

Newspapers & Magazines

Harper’s Weekly Transportation gets the

news out faster

Utopian Societies

Brook Farm Oneida Shakers

The Reform Spirit

Pages 278 - 281

Reform = Change / Fix

A. Dorothea Dix – Mentally Ill

B. Temperance Penitentiaries

Horace Mann = Education

Education for Women= Emma Willard, Mary Lyon

II. The Early Women’s Movement

Pages 281 – 282

Advances

Women’s Sphere Improve Society Equal Rights

Seneca Falls Convention by Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth

Cady Stanton

July 1848 more than 300 men and women assembled in

Seneca Falls, New York, for the nation's first women's rights convention.

A first step for Women’s Rights

Elizabeth Cady Stanton: a “caged lioness”

I. Opposition to Slavery

Pages 284- 285

Opposition

A. Gradualism B. American Colonization

Society Colonization is unrealistic

II. The New abolitionists

William Lloyd Garrison founded the Liberator, an antislavery newspaper that advocated emancipation, or the freeing of all enslaved people..

American Antislavery Society in 1833 He Founded it.

Others

Fredrick Douglass Sojourner Truth

III. The Response to Abolitionism A. Many Northerners opposed

extreme abolitionism. Feared a conflict between

North & South Feared abolitionism would hurt

the Southern economy, then their economy

Southern Views

Slavery is a “necessary evil”

A “Peculiar Institution” Essential to the economy Slaves treated better than

freed blacks in the North

Nat Turner

Led a slave revolt that killed more than 50 Virginians.

Liberator is illegal in the South.

Abolitionist petitions are shelved in Congress.

Why did S.C. threaten to secede in the early 1800’s?