3 revolutions industrial communication transportation
TRANSCRIPT
3 Revolutions Industrial Communication Transportation
Industrial Began in England in 1700s Smuggled into America
Market Revolution
Economic
Assembly Line Mass Production = jobs, cheaper
items Shift from Artisans to workers on
lines
Eli Whitney Interchangeable Parts changes gun
making into a mass production in a factory
Interchangeable parts Impersonal, unskilled labor Complete one task Sell Nationwide or Abroad
Cotton Gin
How did this change the economy?
Corporations develop
Issue Stock= Raise Capital Limited Liability Economies of Scale
Industrialization begins in The Northeast By Water for power
Samuel Slater of Rhode Island Sneaks design of water frame out
of England The machine spins cloth in 1789
Francis Lowell 1814
Opens mills in Massachusetts
Mass production of cotton cloth
1000’s of workers Women and children
Lowell Mills : Massac. Low wages Low skills New Opportunities
Advertising Tony the Tiger
Farming Changes too
Reaper Harvester: plows Buy some household needs
now
Urban Development
Immigrants
Cities Grow 1820 only 2 cities are more than
100,000 By 1860 , 8 are there
Cities 1820 population - 1860 N.Y. = 123,705 813,669 Phil. = 63,802 565,529 Brooklyn = 7,175 266,661 Baltimore = 62,738 212,418 Boston = 43,298 177,840 New Orleans = 27,176 168,675
The Spirit of Reform 1828- 1845
Jacksonian America
II. CommunicationRevolution
Samuel Morse = Telegraph Morse Code
Journalist use it to share news
Associated Press = 1848 when they pool resources to collect and report news
50,000 nukes if telegraph wire connected the country
Read all about it!
III. Transportation Revolution Faster, Cheaper
Canals:
Erie Canal connects the Hudson River Valley to NYC
New York becomes a Major port
City population explodes
Canals are expensive but
Profitable
Speed increases
1815 Cincinnati to NYC = 50 days
1850 steamboat = 28 days
1850 canal = 18 days 1850 railroad = 6 – 8 days
Weather Dependent Ice, drought ………….. Stuck
None in the South Rivers are important here
Steamboats
Can travel up and down Mississippi River
Cheap to build Robert Fulton
Can carry large loads Cotton
Life expectancy is 5 years
Explosions
National Road Expensive Difficult to Built Hard to Maintain
Railroads are cheap, fast Carry alot
Is not weather dependent I think I can……
First Corporations Money becomes important North and North West link South links to England
Major Change in America Travel Move Economics
Andrew Jackson
The Hermitage
Old Hickory
King Andrew?
A new era in politics
Elimination of property ownership to vote
More urban voters, without property
They like Andy Jackson
Brilliant Lawyer - Dueler Bigamist 1st President to ride train
Spoils System
C. is the practice of appointing people to govt. jobs because of loyalty to the party or candidate.
Actions D. = Caucus System
congressional party members would choose the nominee
E. Jackson Supporters replace this with National Nominating Convention.
From which group did Andrew Jackson gather most of his support?
The common folks Democrats
The Nullification Crisis
States can override the authority of the Federal
Government
A. Tariff of Abominations
S.C. threatens to secede, withdraw from the nation
John. C. Calhoun, V.P. proposed nullification. Since the states had created the nation, they had the right to declare a federal law null = not valid
Famous Debate
Webster vs. Hayne
Force Bill authorizing the president to use the military to enforce acts of Congress
Policy toward Native Americans
Indian Policy
A. Indian Removal Act B. Worcester vs. Georgia –
ruled for the Cherokee – Jackson refused to support this decision
C. Trail of Tears
Trail of Tears Indian Removal Act of 1830, which
mandated the removal of all American Indian tribes east of the Mississippi River to lands in the West.
16,000 men, women, and children
made the sorrowful journey
Trail of Tears
Oklahoma- 1000’s Die
Jackson battles the Bank!!
2nd BUS Vetoed a bill to extend the
charter & removes Govt. $$
Veto Power
Dissolve Cabinets Dissolved BUS Trial Of Tears
King Andrew
Powerful Dominating Veto Power Used
The Whig party ran,
for some years, mostly in strong second place to the Democrats. They elected William Henry Harrison, in the famous "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too" campaign of nonsense
A New Party Emerges
WhigsExpand National Govt. & Commercial Growth
The Little Magician Wins Martin Van Buren
Panic of 1837 Economic Issues from “Pet Banks”
William Henry Harrison He should have worn a hat!
Harrison talks and talks……
Inauguration is long, cold, wet.
Harrison dies 32 days later Tyler succeeded Presidency
Tyler’s Surprise
He sided with the Democrats against Whigs.
Faced Foreign Affairs Established a firm boundary
between the U.S. and Canada
What issue helped the Whig’s win the Presidency of 1840?
A New Wave of Immigrants
Pages 273 – 275
Massive Influx of immigrants Religious & Political Reasons 2 million come from Ireland Famine Settled in the N.E. Unskilled Laborers
Germans= 2nd largest group
Midwest Started farms & Businesses German Newspapers &
Schools
Nativism = Hostility toward Foreigners
Know- Nothings = American Party = Secret Party
“I know nothing”
How did many Americans react to the influx of immigrants?
Well,,,,,,,,,
II. A Religious Revival
Page 275 – 276
2nd Great Awakening
All people could attain grace by readmitting God into their lives.
Charles Grandison Finney Young
Joseph Smith Church of Jesus Christ of
Latter- Day Saints, Mormons – Brigham
What religious Groups emerged during the 2nd Great Awakening??
Unitarians, Shakers, Mormons, Univeralists
III. A Literary Renaissance
Romanticism Transcendentalism Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreau
American Writers
James Fenimore Cooper Nathaniel Hawthorne Herman Melville Edgar Allan Poe Emily Dickinson
Newspapers & Magazines
Harper’s Weekly Transportation gets the
news out faster
Utopian Societies
Brook Farm Oneida Shakers
The Reform Spirit
Pages 278 - 281
Reform = Change / Fix
A. Dorothea Dix – Mentally Ill
B. Temperance Penitentiaries
Horace Mann = Education
Education for Women= Emma Willard, Mary Lyon
II. The Early Women’s Movement
Pages 281 – 282
Advances
Women’s Sphere Improve Society Equal Rights
Seneca Falls Convention by Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth
Cady Stanton
July 1848 more than 300 men and women assembled in
Seneca Falls, New York, for the nation's first women's rights convention.
A first step for Women’s Rights
Elizabeth Cady Stanton: a “caged lioness”
I. Opposition to Slavery
Pages 284- 285
Opposition
A. Gradualism B. American Colonization
Society Colonization is unrealistic
II. The New abolitionists
William Lloyd Garrison founded the Liberator, an antislavery newspaper that advocated emancipation, or the freeing of all enslaved people..
American Antislavery Society in 1833 He Founded it.
Others
Fredrick Douglass Sojourner Truth
III. The Response to Abolitionism A. Many Northerners opposed
extreme abolitionism. Feared a conflict between
North & South Feared abolitionism would hurt
the Southern economy, then their economy
Southern Views
Slavery is a “necessary evil”
A “Peculiar Institution” Essential to the economy Slaves treated better than
freed blacks in the North
Nat Turner
Led a slave revolt that killed more than 50 Virginians.
Liberator is illegal in the South.
Abolitionist petitions are shelved in Congress.
Why did S.C. threaten to secede in the early 1800’s?