1. Early History of AmericaColonization of AmericaBIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, Hyderabad 2. Introduction: Asians into Alaska 30000 years ago crossing the Bering bridge Europeans first came around 1000 Vikings (Massachusetts) Impact of Crusades silk, spices and jewels trade routes to Asia Dominance of Mediterranean by Italian cities Renaissance BITS Pilani, Pilani Campuslearning Discoveries Columbus; Cabral, Cabot, Cortes, Pizzarro,Verrazzano, Champlain, Hudson Early colonial failures Portugal, Spain, France, England Spanish colonies Florida, New Mexico, California, Texas New France Illinois, Louisiana Fur trade - Quebec New Netherland New Amsterdam 1674 English Colonies commercial enterprise, religious freedom Main groups of settlers arrived in early 17th century indenturedlaborHyderabad Campus 3. BITS Pilani, PHilyadenria bCada Cmamppuuss 4. BITS Pilani, PHilyadenria bCada Cmamppuuss 5. Spaniards found the first European colonies Cali. Mex. France mainly focused on trade fur Quebec Dutch 1609 Hudson Dutch settlements 1607 a private company sent 100 settlers Jamestown 1620 Pilgrims religious freedom Plymouth Other English colonies disputes over territory; Many warswere fought in 1600s-1700s; England and FranceBITS Pilani, Pilani CampusColonization in North AmericaHyderabad Campus 6. The Thirteen Colonies Within a few years of Jamestown and Plymouth thousandsBITS Pilani, Pilani Campusof Europeans immigrated to American Colonies They arrived in America seeking freedom from hunger, war,unemployment, or religious persecution The result of this mass immigration was the formation of thethirteen original colonies between 1620 and 1670 The climates and the land created a variety of economiesand lifestyles. But the colonies fell into three general groups The New England colonies (Massachusetts, Connecticut,Rhode Island, and New Hampshire) The middle colonies (New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,and Delaware) The southern colonies (Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina,South Carolina, and Georgia)Hyderabad Campus 7. BITS Pilani, PHilyadenria bCada Cmamppuuss 8. In the New England colonies the rocky, infertile soil couldnot support large farms, so each tiny farm could provide justwhat each family needed. Life on such farms was difficult.Some New Englanders turned to the sea to becomeshipbuilders, fishers, and whalers. The middle colonies had rich soil in rolling hills and fertilevalleys. Farmers grew vegetables, fruit, and grain, and theycould always count on a surplus. Thus they becamecommercial farmers and sold their extra crops. The middlecolonies attracted many non-English settlers-Dutch,Germans, Scots, Irish, Swedes, and French.BITS Pilani, Pilani CampusLife in the ColoniesHyderabad Campus 9. Life in the Colonies Half of all the colonists lived in the five southern colonies. In 1613 a weed brought from the West Indies started theBITS Pilani, Pilani Campuseconomy of Virginia moving. This weed-tobacco-quickly became the moneymaking cropof the southern colonies. Farmers were soon exporting riceand indigo along with tobacco. Large commercial growers needed cheap labor to maketheir farming profitable, and black Africans filled this need. While most southern farmers had medium-sized parcels ofland and no slaves, prosperous planters had dozens ofslaves.Hyderabad Campus 10. During the 1700s Britain and France fought a number ofwars on European soil. But the most important battles oftheir long struggle took place in America. At first the British lost most of the battles. The French hadlearned to fight as the Native Americans did: they wouldsneak up for a surprise attack and then slip back into thewoods. As the conflict wore on, however, the British finally defeatedthe French. In 1763 England and France signed the Treatyof Paris. France had to give nearly all the land it claimed inNorth America to Britain. Spain, because it had supportedFrance, had to give Florida to Britain.BITS Pilani, Pilani CampusThe French and Indian War 1754-63Hyderabad Campus