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CSEISMIC: An Open-source Microgrid Controller

Ben Ollis

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Symposium on Secure & Resilient Microgrids

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Microgrid key goals

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• Improve utility reliability metrics (SAIFI, CAIDI)

Reliable

• Able to handle a wide variety of operating points while maintaining stability

Resilient

• Bring devices in and out of service quickly and simply

Flexible

• Baked-in protection for intelligent endpoint devices

Secure

• Customer shouldn’t even know the microgrid is there

Seamless

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Distributed Control and Systems

Microgrid

Nanogrid

Microgrid<10MW

Nanogrid<50kW

Utility

*definitions do vary, just a provided reference. Sercan Teleke, Nanogrids with Energy Storage for Future Electricity Grids, 2014. Online at: http://www.ieee-pes.org/presentations/td2014/td2014p-000083.pdf

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CSEISMIC

• Complete System-Level Efficient and Interoperable Solution for Microgrid Integrated Controls

• CSEISMIC is a LabVIEW-based open-source microgrid control software

• Basic Functions Demonstrated by CSEISMIC– Grid Connected and Islanded Operation– Islanding Transition– Resynchronization and Reconnection– Energy Management– Ancillary Services

• CSEISMIC includes device controls such as generation and microgrid switch controls (PCC)

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CSEISMIC Architecture

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HIL Integration of Devices and Master Controller

The microgrid circuit model in RTDS has been constructed based on the DECC microgrid at Oak Ridge National Laboratory • Energy storage system• PV system • Inverter-based generator system• Variable load

Microgrid master controller consisting of an EMS and SCADA and IED controllers are implemented in hardware.

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Energy Storage Controller

RTDS

NI CompactRIO 9030

Analog I/O

Modulation Signals

Voltage and Current SignalsES System Modeling in RTDS

Pref

Qref

Inverter output voltage +

-

Idref

+Iqref -

PI

PI

dd

dqInverter output current

+

+

+

Current reference calculator

va

vc

abcdqvb

vd vq ia

ic

abcdqib ωL

iq

id

+

-+

+

abc

dq

dc

db

da+θ

θ

θIr_max

-Ir_max

Ia_max

2ωLiq/Vdc2vd/Vdc

2ωLid/Vdc2vq/Vdc

-Ia_max

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Energy Storage Controller

Energy Storage Controller1) Utilizes multiple states and control modes2) Able to transition quickly from different control modes upon request3) Supports unintentional islanding and resychronization through

transition from P/Q to V/f and V/f to P/Q.

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Testing Results

• Test results of islanding and resynchronization are provided to show the interactions among device level controllers and the master controller.

• Intentional islanding

Voltage and current waveforms at PCCVoltage and current waveforms of ES

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Lab Microgrid Testing Implementation

• On the 480V/208V 3-phase system, the current available generation assets include: a 50kW 3-phase PV system with 75kVA inverter, a 65kW microturbine, and two 100kW inverters connected to 150kW DC supplies.

• In the current microgrid implementation only the PV system and a single inverter are utilized as controllable resources.

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Intentional Islanding Test Results

Communicationdelay

Switch Opens

Voltage & Current from generator during islanding

P & Q from generator during islanding Voltage and Current at the microgrid switch

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Resynchronization Results

Voltage and Current at the microgrid switch

Voltage and Current from generator during resynchronization

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CSEISMIC 2.0

• New communications architecture Data Distribution Service (DDS - publish/subscribe) provides peer to peer communications

• New class based architecture to clearly define device types and data types with communications provide pathway to device self-discovery.

• User interface now includes menus, but less need for direct information from user (more autonomous)

• All configuration is available through the application (which creates .ini files directly)

• Plug and play of new optimization, forecasting, and visualization.

• New distributed optimization and functionality

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Distributed Communications and Control (DDS)

Subscribe

Publish

Publish

Publish

ControllerSubscribe

Subscribe

Subscribe

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Advanced Manufacturing and Integrated Systems (AMIE)

Secondary Use Energy Storage System

Advanced 3D Printed Building

Advanced 3D Printed Vehicle

Solar Rooftop

HVAC

Wireless charging/discharging of

vehicle

sub-metering

LDRD project to demonstrate ORNL capabilities

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Demonstration of Inoperability and Flexibility

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• Communications across multiple device types and systems (Load, PV, ES, Metering)

• Demonstrated ability to interlink different communication protocols (Modbus/JSON) through software

• Demonstrated direct communication through hardware.

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Current Projects

• GMLC 1.3.4 Industrial Microgrid Design and Analysis – UPS– HIL simulation of microgrid performance with controller

• Advanced Manufactured Integrated Energy (AMIE) – ORNL– Demonstrated controller function on the nanogrid scale

• Connected Communities – Southern Company– Field deployment of controller at 2 sites

• Georgia Power• Alabama Power