Site-specific controller evaluation using HILAnnabelle Pratt

EPRI/Sandia Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids

August 30, 2016

2

IdahoNREL

Lawrence Berkeley

Lawrence LivermoreLos AlamosSandia

Pacific Northwest

Argonne BrookhavenNETL

Oak Ridge

NNSA (Defense Program) Office of Science Office of Energy Efficiency and

Renewable Energy Office of Nuclear Energy Office of Fossil Energy

NREL is Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by The Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC

http://energy.gov/maps/doe-national-laboratories

3

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

• Only national laboratory Dedicated to Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency R&D• Research ranges from

Fundamental Science to Technology Solutions• Collaboration with Industry and

University partners is a hallmark

3

Main Campus in Golden, CO

Distributed Energy Research and Test Facility (DERTF) at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) in Boulder, CO

ESIF

4

ESIF Laboratories

Smart buildings & controllable loads

Power Systems IntegrationGrid Simulators - Microgrids

Energy SystemsIntegration Fuel Cells, Electrolyzers

Outdoor Test AreasEVs, Power Transformers

Rooftop PV Energy Storage - Residential, Community& Grid Battery Storage,Flywheels & Thermal

HPC & Data Center

Advanced Distribution

Management Systems

5

• The microgrid must comply with the distribution system operator’s interconnection requirementso Most utilities in the U.S. refer to IEEE 1547

Microgrid control system objectives

Source: siemens.com

6

• The role of the microgrid control system is to manage the microgrid assets so as to meet the interconnection requirements

Microgrid control system objectives, cont’d

Source: siemens.com

• The IEEE 2030.7 draft standard “provides the specification of microgrid control system in terms of the functional requirements for interconnection”

7

• Single product complianceo Does it meet IEEE 2030.7 core level functions?o Does it meet additional customer requirements?

• Product comparisono How do these controllers compare?

Requires testing in the context of a microgrid system

• Site-specific complianceo Is it capable of managing this microgrid’s assets in

order to meet these interconnection requirements?

Objectives of microgrid controller evaluation

8

Pure simulationAbstract or real-timeNeed to integrate MGC

Microgrid Controller Test Options

CHILInterface real controllerReal-time simulationMGC

DER G

EPS

MGC

DER G

EPS

MGC

DER G

EPS

MGC

DER G

CHIL = Controller Hardware-in-the-Loop; PHIL = Power Hardware-in-the-LoopMGC = Microgrid controller; DER = Distributed Energy Resource; G = Generator; EPS = Electric Power System

CHIL & PHILInterface real controller and assetsPower interface, more complex

PowerReal controller and assetsSimple EPS model

9

• Model of site EPSo transient simulation*

o possible model reduction• Actual or representative DER

o reduce modeling inaccuracieso proprietary controls

• Flexible scenarioso Worst case testingo No customer impact

CHIL & PHIL for site-specific evaluation

MGC

DER G

EPS

GDAC GGS GTxfr

YVsec

HTxfrHCTHADC

ZSub Zgs

+

+

++

VSub

IInv

VESS VGS VPri VSec

IPri +-IESS

kV

kI-1

Virtual Feeder Interface Hardware

GComp

HComp

* RTDS, Opal-RT, Speedgoat

10

CHIL/PHIL Test Example 1• PHIL & CHIL evaluation of microgrid controller for

Buffalo Niagra Medical Campus (BNMC) site o Project lead: EPRI

• DOE FOA 997 functional requirements • CHIL: Spirae Wave controller• PHIL: ESS inverter (representative)

11

NREL Test Setup for BNMC

12

CHIL/PHIL Test Example 2

• PHIL & CHIL evaluation of microgrid controller for Borrego Springs community microgrid site

• California Energy Commission (CEC) awarded $5M to SDG&E to connect Borrego Springs microgrid to a 26 MW PV plant o enables the entire community to operate solely on renewable energy

Source: SDG&E

13

Borrego Springs controller evaluation

• CHIL: Spirae Wave controller & Generator controller

• PHIL: ESS inverter (representative) & SMA PV inverter (actual)

• Functional requirements similar to FOA 997

• PV plant load-following mode

14

• Site-specific controller evaluation:• Can the controller manage this microgrid’s assets in

order to meet these interconnection requirements?

• NREL’s Power and Controller Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL & CHIL) test platform allows multiple scenario testing with actual or representative power hardware

Summary

Thank You!!

Annabelle Pratt, Ph.D.Principal Engineer

Power Systems Engineering CenterNational Renewable Energy Laboratory

annabelle.pratt@nrel.gov

16

Borrego Springs controller evaluation

• Remote HIL: o Connect to SDG&E ITFo Avoids resource duplication

17

DOE 997: Functional Requirements

1. Disconnectiono disconnect time based on voltage & frequency

2. Resynchronization and Reconnectiono frequency, voltage and phase angle difference

3. Steady-State Frequency Range, Voltage Range, and Power Quality

4. Protectiono external & internal faults; unintentional islanding

5. Dispatcho survivability, economic and environmental performance

6. Enhanced Resilienceo meet community-defined resilience objectives