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TRANSCRIPT
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Minerals, Rocks and Minerals, Rocks and FossilsFossils
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What is a mineral?What is a mineral?
•Naturally occurringNaturally occurring
•Non-organicNon-organic
•Characteristic chemical Characteristic chemical compositioncomposition
•Distinctive physical propertiesDistinctive physical properties
•Crystalline structureCrystalline structure
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Mineral propertiesMineral properties•ColorColor
•LusterLuster
•Habit (Shape)Habit (Shape)
•Cleavage & FractureCleavage & Fracture
•StreakStreak
•HardnessHardness
•OtherOther
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Color:Color: Not mineral Not mineral specificspecific
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Luster:Luster:How minerals reflect lightHow minerals reflect light
Non-metallic
Metallic
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Mineral Habit Mineral Habit (Shape)(Shape)
Shape a Shape a mineral takes mineral takes if grown if grown unimpededunimpeded
Mineral Java AppletMineral Java Applet
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Cleavage & FractureCleavage & Fracture
Cleavage: planes of Cleavage: planes of weakness along which weakness along which minerals can breakminerals can break
Fracture: surfaces along Fracture: surfaces along which minerals can breakwhich minerals can break
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Cleavage & FractureCleavage & Fracture
Best identified on a fracture surface
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Streak:Streak:
The powdered form of a mineralThe powdered form of a mineral
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Hardness:Hardness:Based on Moh’s scale of hardnessBased on Moh’s scale of hardness
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Other PropertiesOther Properties
•Specific gravitySpecific gravity
•Reaction to acidReaction to acid
•StriationsStriations
•MagnetismMagnetism
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Classifying RocksClassifying Rocks
• Rocks are classified by how they formed Rocks are classified by how they formed and what they’re made ofand what they’re made of
• There are 3 general classes of rocksThere are 3 general classes of rocks
• Igneous RocksIgneous Rocks…are formed when lava …are formed when lava and magma crystallize to form solid rockand magma crystallize to form solid rock
• Metamorphic RocksMetamorphic Rocks…are formed when …are formed when an existing rock is partially melted, an existing rock is partially melted, squeezed, or bothsqueezed, or both
• Sedimentary RocksSedimentary Rocks…are formed when …are formed when sediments (sand clay, and silt) are sediments (sand clay, and silt) are compressed and become solid rockcompressed and become solid rock
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Igneous Rocks
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Metamorphic RocksMetamorphic Rocks
GneissSchist
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Sedimentary RocksSedimentary Rocks
Shale
Conglomerate
Sandstone
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FossilsFossilsThe remains or imprints of living things of the
past found in Sedimentary rocks.
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Fossils provide information about life and Fossils provide information about life and conditions in the past.conditions in the past.
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Fossils of Sea CreaturesFossils of Sea Creatures
• Oceans once Oceans once covered the covered the areaarea
• What part of What part of the oceanthe ocean
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Fossils of PlantsFossils of Plants
• Plant fossils Plant fossils can tell us can tell us about the about the ancient ancient environmentenvironment
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Animal FossilsAnimal Fossils
• Animal fossils can Animal fossils can tell us tell us – About past About past
environmentsenvironments– What the animal What the animal
ateate– How they livedHow they lived