2002,briski,m.,znacaj analize maziva

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M. Briki, M. Ori Analiza maziva...

GORIVA I MAZIVA, 41, 3 : 161-170, 2002. 161

Marica Briki, Marinko Ori

ISSN 0350-350XGOMABN 41, 3, 161-170

Struni rad/Professional paperUDK 621.892.1.001.53 : 621.899.001.53

ZNAAJ ANALIZE MAZIVASaetak

Poznavanje analitikih podataka maziva je podloga na

osnovi koje se donose odluke u razvoju, proizvodnji i primjenimaziva. Ispitivanja po kojima se odreuju fizikalno-kemijskasvojstva maziva, navedena su u specifikacijama, a provode seklasinim metodama i raznim instrumentalnim tehnikama.Prednost instrumentalnih tehnika je u maloj koliini uzorka,brzoj analizi, ali zahtijeva posebno educirano osoblje. Natemelju rezultata analize maziva iz eksploatacije moe seutvrditi tzv. trend analize, te na osnovi toga predloitioptimalan interval zamjene ulja i predvidjeti odreene akcije uodravanju troila.

UVOD

U laboratoriju se vre ispitivanja prema planovima kvalitete proizvodnje,zahtjevima razvoja i postprodajnog servisa. U planovima i zahtjevimapropisana su svojstva koja se trebaju ispitati i metode po kojima se vreispitivanja (1). U radu se koriste standardne metode izuzev nekoliko internihmetoda za praenje procesa.

Od tehnika prednost dajemo instrumentalnim pred klasinim zbog poznatihprednosti: malo uzorka, kratko vrijeme izvoenja, ali ne zaboravljamo datonost instrumentalne metode ovisi o tonosti koja se postie klasinomanalizom (2). Usavravanje klasine metode u isto vrijeme predstavljausavravanje tonosti metode. Vre se analize: ulaznih komponenti, praenjaprocesa, otpreme robe i ulja iz primjene.

PROIZVODNJABazna ulja osnova su proizvodnje a upotrebljavaju se za namjeavanje mazivihulja (3). Osnovni preduvjet za proizvodnju baznih ulja klasinom tehnologijom

je odreeni tip nafte. Prethodne dvije godine preraivali smo atmosferskiostatak od sirovine REB i Irak.


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162 GORIVA I MAZIVA, 41, 3 : 161-170, 2002.

VAKUUM DESTILACIJA

Postrojenje je osobito vano jer se na njemu postiu osnovna svojstva baznihulja i to: viskoznost, boja i isparivost. Destilati moraju imati odreenuviskoznost uz usku krivulju destilacije, bez preklopa sa susjednim frakcijama.Nije mogu popravak viskoznosti, boje i isparivosti na sekundarnimpostrojenjima.

Slika 1: Krivulja destilacije baznih ulja, ASTM D 1160Figure 1: Destillation of base oils, ASTM D 1160

200,0

250,0

300,0

350,0

400,0

450,0

500,0

550,0

0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 90,0 100,0

%VOL

AE

TC

UD1

SN 150

SN 350

SN 600

Sirovina IRAQ

EKSTRAKCIJA FURFURALOM

Na ovom se postrojenju iz destilata uklanjaju spojevi aromata koji negativnoutjeu na indeks viskoznosti, a sa spojevima kisika sumpora i duika i naoksidacijsku stabilnost. Ovisno o sirovini koja se prerauje, a da se zadovoljeuvjeti norme za bazna ulja postiu se i razliita iskoritenja.


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GORIVA I MAZIVA, 41, 3 : 161-170, 2002. 163

Slika 2: Ovisnost iskoritenja o siroviniFigure 2: Yield of different stocks

42,02

44,97

54,02

37,78

48,9450,75

33,45

44,61

47,8549,64

54,6057,02

0,00

10,00

20,00

30,00

40,00

50,00

60,00

RAF 2 RAF 3 RAF 4 RAF BS

REB

IRAK/REB

IRAK

DEPARAFINACIJA

Da bi bazno ulje imalo traena niskotemperaturna svojstva, trebaju se izdvojitikrute parafinske komponente. To se postie solventom metil izobutil ketonomna niskim temperaturama. Bazno ulje ima tecite 90C do 120C.

DORADA VODIKOM

Provodi se radi ukljnjanja preostalih sumpornih, kisikovih i duinih spojeva,to dovodi do poboljanja boje i stabilnosti baznih ulja.


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164 GORIVA I MAZIVA, 41, 3 : 161-170, 2002.

Slika 3: Utjecaj tecita na dinamiku viskoznostFigure 3: Effect of base oil pour point on dynamic viscosity

2900

3000

3100

3200

3300

3400

3500

-5 -10 -15 -20

toka teenja baznog ulja [C]

dinamikaviskoznostna-15C[mPas]

MJEAONICA ULJA

U procesu poboljanja svojstava baznog ulja s aditivima vano je znati da nitijedan aditiv bez obzira na tip i koliinu ne moe popraviti svojstva loeproizvedenog baznog ulja. U mjeaonici ulja se prema odreenimformulacijama namjeavanjem baznih komponenata, DI paketa i impruveraviskoznosti dobivaju motorna ulja (4).

RAZVOJSluba u kojoj se provodi uvoenje novih ili poboljanje i unapreenjepostojeih proizvoda. Na slici je prikazan utjecaj antifoama na pjenjenje iodjeljivanje zraka.


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GORIVA I MAZIVA, 41, 3 : 161-170, 2002. 165

Tablica 1: Utvrivanje potrebne koliine poboljivaa indeksa viskoznostiTable 1: Contribution VII to kinematic viskozity at 1000C

GRADACIJA MOTORNOG ULJA VII [% m/m]SAE 10W-30 3,8 5,8SAE 10W-40 7,9 9,9SAE 15W-40 4,2 6,2SAE 15W-50 6,9 8,9SAE 20W-40 0,1 2,1SAE 20W-50 3,1 5,1

Slika 4: Utjecaj antifoama na pjenjenje i odjeljivanje zrakaFigure 4: Effect of antifoam on foam stability and air release value

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 20 40 70 90 110

130

150

antifoam [ppm]

pjenjenje(stabilnost)

[ml]

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

sposobnostodjeljivanjazraka

[min]

ANALIZA RABLJENIH ULJA

Izbor mazivog ulja vri se prema preporuenim fizikalno-kemijskim svojstvima.U primjeni ulja mijenjaju svoja svojstva kroz(5):


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166 GORIVA I MAZIVA, 41, 3 : 161-170, 2002.

kontaminaciju produktima izgaranja i esticama troenja metala, troenje aditiva koje je kemijsko i ima utjecaj na vane funkcije ulja, oksidaciju baznog ulja.

Tablica 2: Analiza rabljenih uljaTable 2: Analyse of used oil

Motorno ulje izbenzinskog motora

Motorno ulje izdizelovog motora

Traktorsko ulje

svjee rabljeno svjee rabljeno svjee rabljenoKin. viskoznost

kod 1000

C,mm2/s 14,5 14,24 14,50 14,89 11,0 11,12

Plamite, 0C 215 125 215 195 210 200

TBN, mg KOH/g 9,0 6,5 12,0 7,1 10,0 8,0

Netopljivo u n-pentanu, %m/m

0,00 2,13 0,00 1,75 0,00 0,80

Interpretacija analize rabljenih ulja je vrlo kompleksna jer su pojedinaneanalize meuovisne. Zbog toga je potrebno poznavati kompletnu analizu ulja, ane zakljuivati na osnovi pojedinanih rezultata analize. Isto tako je potrebnoustanoviti normalnu i kritinu razinu kvalitete za specifina ulja u definiranom

motoru i odreenim uvjetima primjene.

ZAKLJUAK

Analize maziva neophodne su u procesu proizvodnje, razvoja i kodpostprodajnog servisa.

Analize maziva utjeu na ekonomiku procesa proizvodnje. Poznavanjem trenda analize maziva mogue je postii utedu u odravanju

troila.


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IMPORTANCE OF LUBRICANT ANALYSES

Abstract

To know analitycal properties of lubricants is the base tomake a decision in development, production and application oflubricants. The lubricant classifcations and approved systemspecify many performance charracteristisc and analyticaltests. The analytical tests are classical and instrumental.Instrumental technic have the advantages in small quantity ofthe sample, rapid analyse, but their need specied operator.

Analyses from used oil sample should always be comparedwith prrvious samples and final conclusions should be basedon trend analysis and has two closely related objectives: toobtain information on the lubricant drain intervals and

preventive maintenance of the machine.

INTRODUCTION

Laboratories perform tests with regard to production quality plans,development requirements, and post-sale servicing. Plans and requirementsset the properties to be tested and the test methods to be used. (1). The paperuses standard methods, apart from several internal process monitoringmethods.

When it comes to techniques, we give the advantage to those instrumentalrather than those classic, because of the following well-known benefits: smallsample quantities and short duration, without, however, forgetting that theaccuracy of the instrumental method depends on the accuracy achieved byclassical analysis (2). Perfectioning of the classical method at the same timeassumes also the perfectioning of the methods accuracy. Analyses are made ofthe following: input components, process monitoring, shipment of goods andoil from application.

PRODUCTION

Base oils are the basis of production, used for lubricant oil blending (3). Thebasic precondition for producing base oils using classical technology is a giventype of stock. During the past two years, we have been processing theatmospheric residue of the REB and Irak stocks.


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168 GORIVA I MAZIVA, 41, 3 : 161-170, 2002.

VACUUM DISTILLATION

The plant is of special significance, because it provides the essential propertiesof the base oils, as follows: viscosity, colour and volatility. Distillates musthave certain viscosity with a narrow distillation curve, not overlapping with theneighbouring fractions. It is not possible to improve viscosity, colour andvolatility on secondary plants.

EXTRACTION USING FURFUROL

This plant is used to remove aromatic compounds from distillates, becausethey bear a negative impact on viscosity index, and, with oxygen, sulphur andnitrogen compounds, also on oxidation stability. Depending on the crude beingprocessed, in order to meet the standards for base oils, various yields areobtained.

DEPARAFFINATION

In order for the base oil to obtain required low-temperature properties, solidparaffinic components need to be isolated. This is obtained using the solventmethyl isobutyl ketone at low temperatures. Base oil has the pour pointranging from 90C to 120C.

ADDITIONAL PROCESSING USING HYDROGEN

It is done in order to remove the remaining sulphur, oxygen and nitrogencompounds, leading to improved colour and stability of base oils.

OIL BLENDING PLANT

In the process of improving base oil properties using additives, it is importantto know that not a single additive, regardless of its type and quality, canimprove properties of a poorely produced base oil. In the oil blending plant,motor oils are obtained according to certain formulations, through the blendingof base components, DI packages, and viscosity improvers (4).


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GORIVA I MAZIVA, 41, 3 : 161-170, 2002. 169

DEVELOPMENT

The department in which the introduction of new or the improvement andadvancement of the existing products takes place. The Figure shows theinfluence of antifoaming agents on foaming and air release.

Table 1: Contribution VII to kinematic viscosity at 1000C

MOTOR OIL GRADE VII [% m/m]

SAE 10W-30 3.8 5.8SAE 10W-40 7.9 9.9SAE 15W-40 4.2 6.2SAE 15W-50 6.9 8.9SAE 20W-40 0.1 2.1SAE 20W-50 3.1 5.1

USED OILS ANALYSIS

The choice of lubricant oil is made according to recommended physico-chemicalproperties. In application, oils change their properties through (5):

contamination by combustion products and metal wear particles, consumption of additives which is chemical and bears impact on important

oil functions, base oil oxidation.

Table 2: Analysis of used oils

Motor oil fromgasoline engine

Motor oil from dieselengine

Tractor oil

fresh used fresh used fresh usedKin. viscosity at1000C, mm2/s 14,5 14,24 14,50 14,89 11,0 11,12

Flash point, 0C 215 125 215 195 210 200

TBN, mg KOH/g 9,0 6,5 12,0 7,1 10,0 8,0n-pentaneinsoluble,%m/m

0,00 2,13 0,00 1,75 0,00 0,80

The interpretation of used oils analysis is very complex, because the individualanalyses are interdependent. That is the reason why it is necessary to knowthe entire oil analysis, and not bring conclusions based on individual analysis


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170 GORIVA I MAZIVA, 41, 3 : 161-170, 2002.

results. It is also necessary to establish both normal and critical quality levelsfor specific oils in given engines and under specific application conditions.

CONCLUSION

Lubricant analyses are necessary in production process, development, andpost-sale servicing.

Lubricant analyses bear impact on the production process economics. If we know the lubricant analysis trend, we may achieve maintenance

savings.

Literatura / References:

1. QA dokumentacija Maziva Rijeka, QPL ovi Proizvodnje2. M. Feldin, The role of reference materials and interlaboratory comparisions

SLOTRIB 1996, str. 115.3. M. Ori, The effect of base oil on the engine oil performance, SLOTRIB

1998, str. 233.4. Formulacija maziva, Tehnika dokumentacija Maziva Rijeka5. J. Denis, Lubricant properties analyses and testing, 1997, Editions Tehniq,

Paris

kljune rijei: key words:

621.892.1 Maziva po postupku proizvodnje Lubricants according to process ofmanufacture

621.899 Maziva u uporabi i u regeneraciji Lubricants in use and recovery.001.53 Gledite fizikog i fiziko-kemijskogispitivanja produkata

Viewpoint of physical and physical-chemical examination

Autori/Authors:

Marica Briki, Marinko OriINA Maziva Rijeka

Primljeno/Received:

09.4.2002.

2002,briski,m.,znacaj analize maziva

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