a

Xenophon's Anabasis Y

Book VI.

Ea'ìfcd fm fke Use of Schooh, with Nolcs, Infrductiom, and Vocabulbry by

G. H. Nall, M.A. Assistant Master at Westminster School

London Macmillan and Co., Limited

I 902 New York : Tbe Macmillan Company '

I i

. . . A

. G .. . PREFACE.

THIS Volume, like my editions of Books III. and V. in the series, hm been prepared for eomewhat more advanced students than those for whom the editions of Boob. I. and II. in the saries were intended. I have therefore provided it with B lengthy Intre

j duction, reprintad .from my former editions, mnch : of which would be unsuited for very young boys. I I have endeavoured, at the e r n e time, to' make it

a neeful book for comparative' beginners, by giving , a great deal of help in the. notes, and by a very

full vbcabulary, which containe translations of many of the difficult phrases.

I believe that the introductmy notes on the Amy, which are abundantly illustrated, will be interesting . .1

* and instructive to the youngeet boys : and that portions of the Life of Xenophon-selected by the 7 Maeter-might be read with advantage by beginners.

.m si "he section on the Works of Xenophon i~ of course

g:

intended for older bop. V

vi PREFACE.

The text is Arnold Hug‘e, far the best text that we poaaeea I have, however, altogether omitted the word0 bracketed by him, and split up Hug‘s long paragraphs into ehort ones, less formidable to the beginner’s eye. The .Appendix contain0 a lid of the more important variants, for the use of boys who are likely to have in examination B different taxt, A full lie& of variante or B critical diecumion of them would have h e n quite ’ out of place in such m edition In preparing the book I have consulted the English

editiona of Pretor, and OF Macmichael and Melhuieh : the German editiona of Poppo, Krüger, Kühner, Voll- brecht and Rehdantz: the recently publihed Eng- li& translation of Dakyna (to which is prefixed a moat inkmuting and eympathetic aketch of Xeno- phon’e life;‘ to thia I am largely indebted in the mction on the life of Xenophon) ; the geographical writinga of Ainsworth, Hamilton, Kinn& ; Eiepert’e MBsuel ofhoien t Geography, Köchly and Riietow’a (2mchwh K&gsschr@&dh, Grote’e and Thirlwall’e Ristoriq M d d y ‘ e Greek Literature, Jevon’s Greek Literature, Rotherford’s Nm P w h u , and many other worke, both Englieh and Clerman. OceaeionaI referenm e given to Mr. Rutherford’e Fwd && @&x (a‘ R. .Sp”), B new work wbioh ie rapidly making ite way into um among our echoole.

The illuetratione of armour taken from the

. .

PREFACE vii

editions of Vollbrecht and Rehdante. For the . eketchea of Military Manœuvres Í am responsible, A but I have obtsined much help from Köchly and

B;iistow’e t3rkhische Kldegsschriftsteller and Vollbrecht mnd ILehdanta

18 DEAN’S YARD, W ~ T Y ~ T E R , Junuavy, 1893.

1

. p ’ CONTENTS.

.h”EODUUI’ION+ P M I

hALYEIS OF ANABASIS, - - I - - d L ~ E OF XENOPHON, - . . - - xv WOBKS OF XENOPHON, - - - - - - ‘xmi

AND SOME MANIXWBIW OF THE AR~Y. - m v ‘ NOTEE ON THE &WEE MEFLCENABIES OF CYRUS

lvi 1Vi

l 36 71

” 124 - 128

- . - 1 1 ”

. - . . - - - -

..... ..... ................

1

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Map-March of the l'en Thoumud Ureeke, - F m e si Formatiom and Manœuvre%, - - - - di-xliv Greek Arme, etc., - - - - - - xl i~- l i i i W h o m Arming (from a Vane et Vienne), -\ WER^^ teking e Fsrewell Drink (from a Fane

at Vienna), - - - - - - - Soldier with Mnchsire or &pis (from a Verre et.

Scythien Archer, - - - - - -

Throwing the Javelin (from e Vane in the Britiih -page 1 Mumum), - . - - - - -

Greek Homeman (Coin of Magneah), - - - Victory an a Prow, blowing the Sslpinx (Coin of

Demetrius Poliorcetea), - - - - - Persian Soldier (from e Vsae at Neplee), - - P e d Soldier with Spear and Akinskee, - - Pemim Deric, with figure of the King of Persia

(Coinof Artexemen), - - - - - Persien Aroher ( h m e Vane in the Britkh

Muneam), - - - - - - -1 3, 8 E3echrn Coin of Cyeicus (I(uftqv&),- - - PyrrhicDance, - - - - - - -

Neple~), - - - - - - -

Pelht? - . - - - - - -

Portreitof P h S m a h , - - - - m poBe 34

. _.

. . . I

. . .

ANALYSIS OF THE ANABASIS.

THE work is divided in its present form into seven books. Of these, the first only describes the ' Anabasis ' proper, i.e. the ' March up-country' against Bd)ylon. The sccond con- tains an account of the rnoven1ent.s of thc Creek arlny from the bottle of Cunaxa to the seizure of the generals : the third md fourth books continne the rctreut along the Tigris, ovcr the highlmds of Aummnis, to Trapems on the Euxine : the three lest books are devoted to the subsequent adveutnrcs of the army u t i l i t w u finally incorporlrtctl in the force, wllich the L&ccdaemonians wcre collecting against Tissnphcrnes. (Book l .) On thc cie:rtll of Durius Nothus (405 B.c.), Ar-

taxerxes succecdctl to the throne : Lut his ljrother, Cyrus, diseppoilltcd of the succession, and indignant a t the treatment he had suffered from him, conspired %g&& him. He secretly collected i b Iwgc native foroc of 100,000 n~cn old bodies I j f

Greek nlerccnarics wl~ich amoluntetl i u all to over 10,000 men, and marching through Asia Minor (401 KC.), crosscd tllc Euphrates a t Thapsacus, and dvanced without oppoeition upon Babylon. Near here, a t C u , * he was suddenly attacked by the Persian army under the conmand of Arte- xerxea himself. The Greeks, 011 the right wing, were com- pletely victorious, but Cyrus, rashly exposing himself, was

* The name is not given by Xenophon but comaa from Plutarch. xi

---l

ANALYSIS OF ANABABIS. xiii

d bxenua : e p h of eotion wan mttled : negotiations with the tresoherons enemy were broken off: end the m y , no

dejected and diaorgmhd, but full of the spirit e d d d e n c e of their yonng p e r d , detarmine to cut a way for +mlvem back to Greece, or periah in the attempt. The rehit in continued : they cmsa the &pst&, f o b w d m d hemmad by Mithredetes, paca through the d a r t e d citien of krieas and Meepila, and edven~e up the east bank of the Tigrie till they confronted by the l o f t y mountain ehein of the cprduchi (KWdiah).. .. . (BoaL b . ) After holding (L council o f , A, the U r e h decide to continue their merah in a northerly direotion. They mtm the territory,of the Carduchi, for aeven d a p fight aad

through t h i~ inhospitable land, and then, oragahg the Centritea River in the face of the enemy, lret foot in Armenia. It waa now December, and the amy =-on a high m d eapoaed tableland. Hmvy feile of mow delayed their .+pas : cold winde ,numbed them, and p~hi~~ failed. & laat, efter WOES@ the aource~ of the Tigrjs, and the Wh, they reached the Phnaia (kea), fought their way h g h the Chalyh, Teochi, and pheaiene, crossed the &ver Herpaaus, and, advencing through the territory of the &ytheni, d e d the town of Gymuiaa On the íIfth day h hare, they caught sight of the Enrine from the Buramit J-! Mount Theches. Paeeing on unmolested h u g h the &pm, they entered colchie, end mon afterwar& reached

(Trebhnd), a Greek town on the Eurine. Here hardeat part of their journey waa over : end they offered

ad s d c e a to Zeue the Preserver. Heraclea the , and other goda. (Feb.-March, 400 B.O.)

v.) Wemry of marching, the Ureeks determined to @e the reat of their journey home by m, ‘like Odyesem’ of & Cheirieophur went to Bymtium to obtain kanePorts, b0L he did not return, and proviaions grew amma: 80 eend-

, ,

xiv INTRODUCTION.

ing their women, their sick, and their baggage in U few ships, which they had collected, they marched themselvert by land to CGrSsus. Here they were reviewed, ancl still numbered 8600 hoplites. From Cerasus, they advanced through hostile territory t o Cotyom, where they stayed forty-five days, living by plundering the neighbouring tribes, since the inhabitants refused provisions.

(Book vi.) Sufficient ships were et last collected to convey the army to Sinope. Hcre they were hospihbly received, nnd here thcy met Cheirisophus, who returned with empty hands and only a single triremc. After five days' rest, they proceedcd to Heraclea, ond thence to Calpe, where Cheiri- sophus died. From Calpe they marched through Bitllynia, plnntlering the country, to Chrysnpolis, opposite Byzantium, where they spent seven days in selling their booty.

(Book Mi.) Annxihius, the Spartan admiral, urged on by the satrap Phamabmus, who was eager to renmve the Greeka from his province, now invitcd t h army to Byzantium. They accepted his promises of pay and crossed orer, but finding that they were again deceived, and were IIOW told to march to thc Throcian Chersoncse, where Cyniscus would fiud thcm pay, they forced en entrance into thc city, and were only restrained from plundering it by the influence of Xenophnn, who felt that such an act would provoke the indignation of all Greece. After some delay, they lent their services to thc Thracian princc, Seuthm; but he too, after obtaining his ends, proved faithless, and neglected to provide telle promised pay or fulfil his magnificent promises to Xenophon. At last the army, now reduced to 6000 men, was engaged hy the Lacedaemonians to help in a war they wcre beginning against Tissaphernes : Xenophon led them to Pergarnus in ,Mysia, and there handd over his command to Thihron, the hccdacmonien comlnandcr, who incorporated the troops with his other Greek forces. (March, 399.)

LIFE OF XENOPHON.

SUMMARY. na ?al. Birth.

B. C. 394. B. of Coronea

Disciplc end friend of So-

399. End of Expedition. ?WO. Driven from Soillus. 401. Joins Cyreian Expedition.

Life at Sparta.

Retires to Corinth.

crates. ? 387. Bent as colonist to Scillun.

In Asia with Thibron. 362. B. of Mentinea: death of Marriage. Banishment.

Banishment withdrawn.

396. Agesilaus in Asia. 394. %turns t o Sparta with Gryllus.

dgesilaus.

XENOPHOX was probably bon1 about the year 4 3 1 B.c.,* the first year of the Peloponnesian War. He was an Athenian of the deme or borough of Erchia, 7 691 B.c. the son of Gryllus, and perhaps of IXodora. About the position of his family, his boyhood and his youth next to nothing is known. Tradition mys that he was sufficiently ricl1 to serve as A knight in the Athenian army; he seems to have joined the Expedition of Cyrus in search of fame rather than wealth ; and in after life he had all the tastes of a counhy gentleman, the foundations of which were probably laid in his boyhood.

Birth.

'Stmho, followed by Diogenes Lmcrtius (Lifc of Rocmtcs) says that locrates saved thc life of Xenophon at the battle of Delium 414 n.c. Thin

hast when he joincd the expedition. Yct Xonophou throughout the would place Xonophon's bìrth before 440, so that hc would havc bccn 40 at

iii. 2. 37' fii. 4. 42 ' iv. 1. B ' iv. 2. 16' v. h. i. pli. 2. 311' ki 3. 461: Anab. speaks of himself aa young [cf. ii. G. 16 20 30. iii. 1. 14. til. I. 45.

Hence it ia probdde'that the ;tory ia a dere fabl; bamd on h e story of the Rescue cf Alcibiades by Bocrates at Potidma ta30 B.c.] told in Plato, 6#nkpoaivm.

xv

xvi INTRODUCTION.

He must have been browht up d u l l y , for he grew into B

modeet and handsome boy;* we can fancy him riding hie ho- and playing with hie doge, and perhap coureing heres on the slopes of Parna and Pentelicus and Hymettne, in the htervab between the i n c u r b of the Peloponne& des, till 413 B.c., when the Spartene occupied Deceleie pe-erit- ly, and made all expeditione far from the walh of Athene -W. We may thhk of him na enjoying the ordinary educetion of the young Athenian of that day in ?*m, rwwh and yvpamdl, wending his way to school and joining in the & o m s , or going through the exercieee of the +h and #um with him compqiona. At thia time too he would learn to love the poeta, the iduence of whom in m marked in his later writings : and aa he grew older he would attend the lectnree of the Sophieta and imbibe the elemerita

One day, it in mid,+ Socrata met him in a mm my, and berring hie peseage with hie stick, eeked him where thin h i c l e or that article codd be

bought: ta each queetion the boy returned a d y numer. “But where,” mid the philompher, “are gocd and noble men, zahl rr¿yal?d, to be found?’ The boy heaitaeted. “ Follow me, then,” mid S O C ~ ~ ~ E , I‘ and learn.’’

Thw he became the disciple of Socrate% : and the next ten or e n years of his Iiie were apent in intimate communion with him. The mernoriab of th% most int8reEting period are preserved in the “ Memorabilh,” which, though written long after, in clearly besed on note% taken at the time. It is m y to understand the deep reverence and effection, which the

*al134puv K& elcrMaraws €15 b m p ~ o h j v , -es hartla tDW-3a-a

I *

of philosophy.

- F -

LIFE OF XENOPEON. xvii

”ter inspirea, and to meeeure the influence, whích he exerted upon the Yom$ and ardent pupil.

Whether Xenophon played any part in public life before the year 401 we m o t tell. It wna a troubled at time, The mponmmtm WU W= st i l l raging f ~ a ~ ~ , d between Ath- and Sparte. In 411 the Demo- Ml. orwy St Athe.n~ had been overthrown, and the extreme olig

party hed a e k d the reim of government, eshbliah- ing the OonnaU of the Pour Hundred : a b r four month mother revolution had given the power to the oppoaita faction, and the old Democracy had been reetored in (L dightly modi6ed form, taefmwJisebeingreatrictedtoPloeThonmadcitiEems. In 404 the Pdoponnwim Wer w&8 ended with the aptme of Athem by Lyamder, and a t the dichticm of the conquerors a committee of Thirty W(LB appointed ta drew up B new consti- htion. Thim body, Boon branded with everlasting infamy under the title of The Thlrtg headed by (;‘ritias and mpported by a Spart-sn gamkm under Callibiue, eahbliehed I ) re@ of terror, murdering and -the noblest of their opponents, and compelling-all waverim i d neutrele to com- prank themaelves by sharing in their atrociow deed& Such prooeediq moon made their position untenable : they were datested at Munychie by e force under Thresybulaa, and Cri- wae alein. The power then fell into the hands of the læ violent oligerchs, who depoaed the Thirty and eetablinhed a- aonmll of Ten to mge the sffeim of the city. The -E were called in ta aettle theae troubles : and by the *ence of their King Pau& the Athenian Demo-

that Xenophon had in some way compromieed e oligarchical pmty during these xenophon’r

,&bleu A public carear mems to have been lor diplea to him at home, for in 401 we find liim mtd?

f worptine m invitation from hie friend ~ X - U E to join C y r u e

~ ~~

*It#tOreailim.

1 B I .e,,,; - .. . 2 - 3 1 .

xviii INTRODUCTION.

in A&. ‘,‘ Come to me,” Proxenue h d written, ‘I and I will introduce you to Cyrus, whom I codmider to be worth more then my fe therhd to me.”+ Socrates, ff3ering th8t no good could come from e friendship with Gpm, the arch-enemy of Athens, advieed Xenophon to consult the Oracle at Delphi whether to go or not. But Xenophon’s mind wes cleerly d e up : ineteed of asking whether it was better to p or to stay, he ded ‘to which of the gods he must pray end do secrifice, eo that he might beat accomplish his intended journey end return in d e t y with good fortune.’ He received his answer, returned to Athens, end met with e merited rebuke from sooretee for thus neglecting his dvice. But the philo- sopher withdrew his opposition, eeeing thet xenophon’s purpose WBB fixed. end in the spring of this year Xenophon joined his friend Proxenus et h r d i a

Thus he took the first greet false step in his m, the con-

A Ialw Et0D sequences of which were to make him fmous,

and itm con- but to embitter the whole of his latter life. ßW- P8triOtkm WBB to the Greek a very real feeling; but from this time forwerd Xenophon became an exile from hie native city: he threw himself into the arms of his country’s deadlieat foea, and 8 legitimate career wes c l o d to him a t home. Regret bred remom, and remom bittarnem : like his meeter, Socrates, he had never loved the Democrecy : hence- forwwd he looked upon Athens with dislike ; upon Spwta- blind to all her failings-with exaggerated affection. The feireat fruite now eeemed to crumble to dust in his mouth. The cam& under Cyrus which had promised BO much, left I

him little better off than when he s w d , end, a t one time, threatened to reetore him to G m stripped of his h t p- seseions : hie embition, which had seemed on the point of gratification, when at Harmene the srmy offered him the eole

LIFE OF XENOPHON. xix

pmralship, WBB disappoiuted, whei the god bade him refuae It : hh hopw of a quiet old age of litermy leisure were rudely luhptad, when he wma driven from his home et 8cilIus by the *pa of Elis : m d ell through his writings we wem to mtah the undertone of the disappointed mm, who feels only bo deeply the truth of his own words, ‘I Those who refused to lktm to the werning of Socrates lived to repent of their

!l‘he story of this expedition is given in the AmDaeie. CurioaiQ, vegne ambition, eagernew for action, 101398 bC. pclrhape even e deaire to teat the poseibilitiea of The m- rport in an unknown but famous land, with ita noble rivera end vest hunting preserves (rapd8etuor), possibly a d e e h for change after hard litererg work (for it W~IIIS

pmbble that in the h t few years Xenophon had helped to ppbliah Thucydidea’ History of the early pert of the Pelopon- mian wer, end had written the h t two books of his own Rallsniea, concluding the story of the wer), had induced him te ljoin what he, common with the others, regarded es 8

mare eqmdition against e tribe of mountain robbers;* e real d k t i o n for C ~ U S , the glamour of his mgue but magniilcent promisee,--estmpiee end crowns, horses m d carriages, fields, f i g e a and cities,-the greet intereat of the problems pre. mtad by this atrange Pereian Empire, many reBBOns prevented blm turning back when he had once put his hmd to the plough. And BO without any delibenata design, by the mere ionre af circumstances, he found himself suddenly transformed, h$’ %e murder of the gemerale, into e M e r of men. Hitherto b!hnd held no oBìoial position in the mmy : he had brought m, troops with him from Greece end had received no commend. &w, in the hour of peril, the master-mind WBLI recognized : hc”beeeme the guiding spirit in one of the moat fmoue feats

tJkdfmy. ”

- .

xx INTRODUCTION.

of ancient arme. Thet he WBB succesefal* must be dbfd to ~~ ~ his native Attic ability end to hie Sacratio D nuoowafal trsining. “To Athens he owed that happy

oombination of e l q u a c e end coddence with mldier-like murce and bravery, which hie+ countrymm regarded m the m t d outcome of their democratic inetitn- tiom. TO Elocrata may be traced thoie ruling qualities of sympathy and humau-heartedness, and thet readinem to take the lion’s share of fatigue and danger, which won him the obedience and effection of the mldim.”l.

After handing over the remnent of the Ten Thousand to Thibron in the epring of 399, Xenophon mey

Mmmt have reetad Greece and poeaialy Athena. But there wan little to attraot him there. In May of

-tea this year Baaretee drank the fahl hemlock; and to one who had during the paat year wed to

identify himself 80 thoroughly with the hterd~ of Sparta, all politid hopes were cld a t home. Before the end of the year it is clear from his writings (Admko iii. and iv.) that he wm back egein in Asie, where, tiU 3Q4, he served with the Spsrtan troop and hie late comrsdea againet the Peraiana h or about the year 399 hic4 marriege musf be p h d . of

hin wife we know nothing excapt her nsme a m- wam Phile&: but we may not nnreammbly con- jecture taet &e WBB ‘& the prototype of m e one or other of those delightfd women worthy of Zeuxis and Euripides, whom Xenaphon hae depiotd ” in hie writings, espeoidly in lire Emnonust, ‘‘that idyll of married life.”$ By thin

ma aa

* For diaouadon d ~ t w ~ i r l e e a of Xemophm’s d e ~ p t i o l l O! him. d f , s e e p s e e -

tJhkpnsnfterßmt8 t-

LITE OF XENOPHON. XXi

marriage Xenophon had two ems, GI-J~~UE and Diodorne, who p w up into famous men, and were known aa The Dioeeuri, “The Great W Brethren.” In this period ~ - t

’ tao fah, most probably, the decree of banish- Proboblo I mant which ww pawed igsinst him. Both the o.-

date and the prech cause of thie sentence are nncertsin: h r t i u s ascribes it vaguely to his lrLeconiml” and

hin friendship with CJTUE; Dio Chrymtom (100 AD.) end h d (180 A.D. ) to hie expedition with m. It 88~-

desr that about thie time the Athenian~ were endeavouring to improve their relatione with their old fw, the P-g ahilet the Spartans were beginning to cherish aggreseive rahemee against them ; a s ign of this waa the Spartan force under Thibron, into which the remaine of the Ten “houeend hsd ‘b enlieted, which had been despatched to A& to &ankt the Ionian cities againat Persia. . Xenophon may have been d f i c e d to gratify Artaxerxee.

The effect of this ssntence was to throw Xenophon more -tely into the bends of the Spartans and -BC. to place him in a more fahe poaition then ever. se&. . I n 396 @ilaus, the leme but lion-hearted Ism. .BpSrten king, came to Asie with ~infonwnemtE, ta conduct .a vigoroue’ offensive campaign againet P d , upon the a b ibat the P& wem p r e H g a fleet in Phoenicia for a dsscemt upon G r m . A close friendship eprang up betwean bhe two men. Ae one who had penetrated into the very heart

, o f the Peraim E m p h , had “beaten the king at hie own gab, d laughed him to acorn,’* Xenophon would SympathIse with 1, ;the deeigne of Ageailam: aa an old cavalry officer he may # m e helped to organise that body ‘of horae, which the new . p e r d raised for the campaign of 396. The friendnhip lasted, ‘.h in 394, when Sparta WBB m e d by tbe coalition of

‘1-

A m b . 11. 4. 4.

......

I

l-

xxii INTRODUCTION.

theThebene endAtheniane,andA~~uswasrecalledtoGreeca, - - a we 6nd Xenophon acoompanying him (v. 3. 6).

mturnoalth That he wam present a t the great Battle of

Ihm featad the Ath-, ia certaiu from hb vivid deacription of the battle : ind Plutarch amerta that he a c t d y fought on the Sperten aide. The next few yeam meta to have been apent a t Sparta with his friend, and it is probable that he accompanied him on several of hie oempaigm. At the suggeation of Agesilaus he aent for hie children, and probably h 5 wife, who had stayed behind in hie, end had them educated in the Spartan faehion, which he eo greatly admired.

About 887, in reward for hin sarvicee, he waa an Ea- eent BB a coloniat to Scillus, in Elis, and pre-

Hither came Mqpbyzus, the priest of htemis of the

p . ! p e s , and restored to Xenophon a depait Epheniana. on his way to Olympie to attand the

which had been left with him, a portion of the tithe of their apoils dedicated by the Ten Thouaand to Apollo and Artamis and divided among the generh. “Xenophon toak the money and bought for the pidese a plot of ground at e point indicated to him’by the oreole. The plot, it 80 happened, hed ita own S8hus river flowing through it, just BB a t Epheaua the river Selinne flows paat the temple of Artamb. end in both streama &h and muesele are to be found. On the eatate a t Scillus there in hunting end ehooting of all the beaata of the chase that are. Here with the =red money he built an alter end a temple, and ever after, year by year, tithed the finite of the laud in their 8888011 and did dae to the goddeaa, while all the c i h n a and neighbours, men.kd

to Cocoma (394) when Ageaileue completely de- m

1889.

trwatsunaented with a house and farm.

PlutUroh.

1

. .. -

’ LIFE OF XENOPHON. xx iii

wcnnén, shared in the festival The goddess herself provided for the banqueters meat and loavea and wbie and sweetmeate, with portions of the victims m e e d from the sacred pesture, M elso of those which were alain in the cham ; for Xeno- phon’s own lade, and the lads of the other citizena, always made L hunting excuraion against the featal day, in which any grown man who liked might join. The game WBB captured pertly from the sacred district it& partly from Mount Pholoti-pigs and gezellea end !tep. The place lies on the direct d from Lecedaemon to Olympia, abont twenty furlong from the temple of Zeus in Olympia, and within the lscred e n c l o m there is meadowlend and wood-covere4 hills, ruited to the breeding of p i g and goats and cattle and horaea, Y) that even the animals of the pilgrims paaaing to the f& fare sumptuously. The shrine is girdled by a grove of d t iva ted treea, yielding deesert fruita in their setwon. The temple iteelf is a facaimile on a amall acale of the peat temple et Ephesus, and the image of the goddeae i n like the golden rbtne at Epheaua, save only that it in made, not of gold, but of cypress wood. Beaide the temple stands a column beering thia inecription :-“ This place is -red to Actamis. He who holds it and enjoys the frui ta of it ia bound to d c e yearly a tithe of the produce. And from the residue thereof to keep in repair the shrine. If any man fail in aught of thin, the Qoddeaa heraelf will look to it that the mattar wi l l not sleep.”” . Scillus ia still one of the moat beautiful spote in the pelopopnese. Here in the eociety of those he li~, at bed best, surrounded by his horses and hie B d l h k doge, he spent the next fiftem ‘or twenw years of hin life, “hunting and entertaining his friends, and writing his hiatoriea.”t Hia nearness to Olympia enabled him to keep

*Amab. v:S, 8, D&& tmnalstion. t Diqpuea Laertiua

I

r ; ’

xxiv LNTBODUCTION.

in touch with the literary world, and during thie period a very large, if not the larger, part of his work wna com-

T h i ~ ideal life ww rudely interrupted by an attmk of the 9870. Elam. When and why it wes made b un-

mm from certain : but it ie not improbsble that after the B o U ~ diseetroua defeet of the Spertam at Lenotra (371), the El- eeized the firet opportunity to erpel the Spartsn colony h m Scillua

The family eventually retired to CoMth, where Xeno- phon q a t the remaining yemm of his life;

Oorlnth. Here his literary work WBB completed, and here in dl probability he died. In 389 an ellienae WBB formed between the Spartam and the Atheniens e-t the Thebens, and the two mu of Xenophon, now young men ebout thkty yeare of age, had an opportuni@ of serving on the Athemien

ide . About the aame time the decree of beniah- w t ment ageinet Xenophon wna recalled : but he w”mm to have continued to live at Co+th, cm- nidering it probably the quieted place in Geece for a hht during them troubled tirnea. He may often have vhited Athen~, “the glitter of whom templee wlyl visible from the lofty Acropolie of Corinth and whom streeta and ~ U - S were- deer to him,”* but th& ie no reeeon to believe that he ever again d e it hie home.

One event only remaina to be chronicled in thew leet yemu 9s9. In 362 hie son Gryllu~ wlyl killed in B ~evelrp

mrthofhir &irmiah B day or two before the bsttle of Mantinea Xenuphoq sep his biographer,tms

offering secrifice with the chaplet upon hie brow when the news WBB brought to him that hie 8on had fallen. HE paused and removed the chaplet: but when the mewnger added

Pod.

LIFE OF XENOPHON. R V

Qhting bravely,” he replaced it on hie.hed, shedding m taers, but simply eayiug, “ I knew that mg son waa mortal.”

Xenophun lived B few yeam longer, engaged in his literary work. Tha latest paeeege in hie writing^ to which B probable dete can be fined waa penned in mtb. 866, The ymr efter he died a t Corinth, a t the ripe age of

Hir biographer, Diogenes h r t i u e , thne sume up hi6 oher- &er: “He WLLB a good man : fond of ho- and of huuting: ked in the art of war, &B his writings prove : pious and liberel to the god^ : skilled in divination : B dieciple and imitmtor of kcrates.’Y

mv€iu*five.*

THE WORKS OF XENOPHON.

XENOPHON’B works have probably come down to us complete : the list given by Diogenee Leertius correspondu with our list, which, indeed, conhim every work ascribed to Xmophm by ancient writers. Clas~ ihd according to subject-matter they fall naturally @to four divisions.

The Ana8adn, in 7 booka Hiahricd The Hellenica, in 7 books.

The A~~EUBIW, in 1 book. !Che Oympadla, in B books. The Hiero, in 1 book.

i

l n h e Athenian Conetìtution, in 1 book.]. On mwnuee, in 1 book. The Memorabilia, in 4 boob. [The Apology of Soemtee, in 1 book.]’ The &oonomta, in 1 book. The Sympodnm, in 1 book. On H-, in 1 hook.

The Sporteman, in 1 book.

Socratic Works.

{ Technieal Tracta. The Uavalr~ aener%2, in 1 b k .

The describes the expedition of Cyrus and the NUI& retreat of the Greek Auxihries, 401-399 B.C. Anth- The work is anonymous, but ita etyle ie und- takable, and the unanimous voice of antiquity has aacribed it

W d a which have come down to 11s under the name of xenophW4 though not written by him.

xxvi

THE WORKS OF XENOPHON. xxvii

to Xenophon. Yet at the beginning of the ‘third book bf the EdLmko he E B ~ E : “NOW, how C ~ E collected hie ermy and mnrched inlend with it egaiust his brother, and how the. bettle WM fought, and how he was s la in ,ad how after this tbe Clreeks ded the me in d e t y , Bq.uo~oyhre~ E v p a ~ ~ ~ l y $ypanuf. ’ ’ Bornemmn traneletee geutea Th=+- &ab thim c h a ~ writ& for ~hemistogenea,’ i.e., ~ 1 4 t h for his use, or dedicated to him; but by h o s t universel ament the natural way of taking the words is “has been mitten h’ Themietogenea the syracu~en,’~ EO that we are bmnght fece to face with a very real difliculty.

The fist queation is whether Xenophon is referring to his own work or to another A d a s i s . The latter is, on the whole, the moet probable explanation. It presenta few& diflicultiee : Themistogena’ existence Beeme eetabliahed by a quotation h m Heaychiue in Suidse : Y~E~~BIIUE Bymtinue eeeerte that +th Themintogenes and Sopheenetu, a member of the expedi- tion, wrote eccounta of the Anabuaie : and, laatly, contempormy e t e m like Iaocratee, though often referring to the retreat, never mention Xenophbn among ita leaders, which w e m ~ to prove that they had read histories of it from other hande. which ascribed to Xenophon an unimportsnt part.

Xenophon’s worde, however, exactly demxibe the character d hi^ Anabasis, and moet echolm believe that he ie referring to it. Why. then, should he sscribe it to Themistogenes? &.veral erplenatiom are offered. He may have thought, as Plutsrch S U ~ ~ W ~ S , that the story of his own exploita would be more readily believed, if published under another’s name. Political motives, or mere modesty, othere consider his rea- cum; and we h o w that Ariatophanes published comedies mder the names of Cdistratue and Philonides, his chorodi- hli. It is pomible, akin, though hardly probable, that Themidogena wee the naine of a reel m m who edited the work for Xenophdn. And, lastly, the very ingeniou theory must l e

,xxviii IN!I!EODUCl'ION.

mentioaed, that there WM m earlier end shorter Amdoeis by Themistogenea, which Xenophon re-edited end re-pubwed in reply to criticiems upon hie conduct, ineerting p888agea wbich glorified himself and E U P ~ I W E ~ ~ unfevoureble onea.

With thi~ question is cloeely con114 that of the credi- bility of the narrative. Th- who wieh to aast

-mw' doubt upon it point ont that "the author without fear of contradiction, seeing that dl the mein actors were now dead or ~&ttmed, could wume an importenae quite beyond thatwarrantad by the reel facta. He is the coal of the retreat : he ie never m m g : he always thinks of the right thing, end ays the.right word. It E- extraordinary that were his echieve- ments quel to his description of them, he should not have been recognised M one of the P t e & generah of the ege."*

This critickm scercely d e s conviction. A careful etudy of Xenophon's cherecter, BB uncomciously revealed in his own writings, and m impsrtial examination of the Anabasis ihlf will confirm the truth of hin story. The deda of Xenophon are told in an eseentidy modeet and stmightforwerd mer: h from glorifying hie own exploite, he pointe out in more then one place hie own mimtakea : he reveels eg8in end 8gah his own deficiencies : end he &OWE how the opportunity of meking e merk the world WM given him, when et Hermend the army offered him the sole generelahip, and how his 'ïme- eolntion waa fetal to bis ~uccesa If m y work hr~ on ihlf the stamp of truth, that work ie the A d a s i s . Xenophon 'RBB not e su&iently able men to impose on the l a m e d world by e mSeterpiece of literary fraud.

The story of the Ten Thonesnd lvouBBd the enthusiesm of Greece; i t &owed the inherent weakness of

Zmporturoa the'pemien Empire ; it suggeeted the possibility of invading it ; it prepared the wey for ita eubsequent over-

+ MahaiIy.

' Hence it ie probable that the work wee completed a t C o k t h between 370 and 366 B.C.

"he Hauenloa continues the hiatory of Greece from 411 B.O., where Thucydides had broken off, to 362, the yeer of the Battle of Mentinee. It is dis6gured Eenentaa by meny fsnlb. The hmixudm in undoubtedly Xenophon'e mtwterpiwe. The epieode is in iteelf full of intareat, and EO simple that it mkea no demnnd endhabanh qon the higher powere of e hieto- The -pm ,

t d e is told in e clear, mauly and etrsight- m forward etyle, mfd, M a rule, though 'unadorned. The writer cerriee UE forward from stage t o stage without w e b -

+ nea~ and without andue hte: in e few graphic wo& he

- I

... . .

ai .

THE WORKS OF XENOPHON. air

throw. "Alexander the Greet would not have bedome grest but for Xenophon " [Empius, 380 AD.^ To ne, M M e h a f f y wed pointa out, the concluding books, which deecribe the fortuma of the army after reeching Trepezu~, "have perhap the moat intereating and valnsble lesecms. Here we obtain our only clear and detailed eeeomt of the doingm of e merc- force when not engeged in an sotus1 campeign-of the acourge

m which each e force WM to all the ~urronnding country, and how they were jumt &E likely ta plunder e c)reek 8~ a netbent. At the same time, we me among them that strong neme of arternel religion, that dependence on dresms and omens, that femr of the ange.r of the p h , which ~trilree UE all

of Thncydidee. There 8re h many curione detsile about the m e n and cumtom of the eavege tribea living along the Eurine, M well ee of the court of Sentheal end of the maial condition of hin kingdom''

The digresmion e h t scillus (book v.) provea that. thie pert of the A n a M waa written &r Xenophon had bots lived there for Borne while ; the language, indeed, had impliea that thi~ reaidence wes a thiuR of the paat.

through hophon's writi~~gm M 8 drOng COntraSt to the hper

xxx INTRODUCTION.

recalls the ~ e e in the camp or on the merch ; now and again he pa- to demibe EO= military incident of unuad intereet, or to introduce m mto (L muncil of the generels or the troops, that we mey hear from their own lips the M- cultiea end perplexitie!! which beset them, or to sketch, with e few masterly touchea, the character of one of the aCtOm, that we m y feel the ~trong parnonality of each leading hero in the drame, may reeliee the r e d hnman intareet of the etory. In this artleam nerrntive end enay didogue Xenophon is elmaet without e r i d ; Herodotue done eurpeeses him. He was e very keen observer both of men end of mllnky : his deecriptione of the gener& neem perfect in the Anabasis, more perfect when cornpared with hie 8 t b p b in the @m- pacdim. Like EO many men with an eye for deteil he had little oonetructive power, and the ideelieed Cym end the other imaginary chmwtern of the Cryropoedia ere unreel: their virtuen are heroic, their via infra-humen. The m u e qdi t iee ere found in the Helleaioe, the m e simple and graceful etyle, the enme vivid .deamiPtion, the m e humm intarest ; but he hea here to deal with e very different subject. He display little power of edeqnately grmphg 8 complex dea of eventa, of grouping them and showing their interdependence, of giving each ita due predominauce : he l a c h critiml judgment, and-whet is of even gre8ter importence-he h k s the m o d power of EUbOrdintbthg hie O w n prejudice!! to the inke~ta of historim1 truth. Hia eymp8thies were in favour of S @ ; he admired end believed in A ~ & ~ u s ; he dialiked Athem and overlooked the rining power of Thebee: and EO hm history of Greece during 50 eventful yeam M little better then e pmty pamphlet, d e s d y enunged end utterly

The ' Ageßil8uo ' ie en ehendix to thene historical worke, mnilan~ intended to jut& the exaggerated estimate of the King given in the HdZenim. It adds little fresh in-

U I l t r U S t W O r t h ~ .

I

i

THE WORKS OF XENOPHON. xxxi

formation, and is written in a stilted and affected style. If it is genuine, it ie probably one of the leteat of his writing.

The remaining works of Xenophon must be dealt with more briefly. The troubled state of Greece during the lest helf century had given an impetua to political speculation. pbto hes described en i d d Republic, wing Socrata ee the mouthpiece of hie viewe. Xenophon w a ~ by nature and train- ing e8e8ntidly an eristmcmt and hero-worshipper ; dl through life we find him dominated by some superior mina-by e Sacratea, by e QTW, by an Agemi- Omm- Lw. And EO we we not ~urprised to find that his idee1 e b b is an abeolute hereditary monarchy, ruled by an enlightened' und beneficent tyrant, who s e d c e s his own ease and pleasure for the hap pine%^ of the people. 'l'hie i d d Ctete is described under the form of a life of CY~US the Great. So numerous ere the legends about the founder of the Persien Empire that it ie impwible to sift fact from ficticm : &E history the Cyropaedia ie worthlean, but &E the earliest specimen of e historical romence, e romance too containing e veritable he-story, it ie of greet intereet. The m, in the form of e didogue between Hiero, tyrant of Spcuee, and the poet Simonidea, mm. &O- the other mide of the question: it describes the rplendourn and mieeriea of the despot. The trect on the wmmonian ~onntm~tion glorifies the p u l i e r on the ~ a e e - iditutiom poplllerly ascribed to Lycurgue, daamontan m d given 8 etr ik ing picture of the f8mOUE Stete ducation idselised by Plat9 in hin Republic. mua! of %'he work on the Bevenuen of Athens reminde un uf Mme modern emidistic speculations : it ehowe how by c d d y fostering the 8th resourcee, pureuhg a peCi6c policy, encouraging t M e and the settlement of foreign mer- htn et Athene, it would be p s i b l e to eecue EO large E

AthOM.

INTRODUCTION.

E U I - ~ ~ U S that three obols a day might be paid to evev citizen, rich and poor, a d miaery end wmt would dis- 8 P F -

The 8ouaUc Worlm we of the deepest intereat, for they give mother view of thet remarkable @m whom “Phto trenefigured end Aristophmm tduced.”* We have seem how completely Xenophon in hie youth WBB brought under the

influence of the philasopher: the Mem01abi2lr is a phin record of his convem&on with vmioua Athenians, a t Mme of which Xenophon wm

prewnt himeelf, Ilorne he reports at aeeond hand. It is intended to justify the chsrsder of .btW a@& the f&e opinions m t 8t the time. The S p p o d Q 4 or m u e t , i n e dialogne in the pletonic stple, &owing Eloclatee in Wiety M “the king of d good talkers,” The W , is B dialogne on the -at of the h o d o l d and the fmn. It is full of the most chsrming pict- of domestic life. In th- writings we have B far more feithful portreit of the r d Soemtea then in the femoae dim lo^ of Plato: we heve him drawn M he would appeer to the ordinary Athmim, en ugly old men with wonderful powere of convereation and dl sorte of curioue ideas, some end Borne right, about everg sort of aubjed; an -at thoughtful men who won the dfeotions of his pupila. Tbis is W far M Xenophon could go. He a u l d eeise upon the petty detaile of life end converdion, but he could not cetoh the i d d níde cd 8 cheracter. Xenophon ie the photographer. pleb the tutist on whose QB~VM the mm lives glodìed for ever.

The list of Xenophon’s WritingE is completed by three teohnical tracte, dealing with eubjech in which he took the gremteat intereat. That on the Ca- I shorn how

. , -, . . .. -

TEE WORgsl OF XENOPEON. XXXi i i

little p r ~ g r e e ~ the Greeks had made in ecientific werfwe : the evolutiom degcribed are eimple in the extreme. The treathe on the. Horse b more OemamJ, thorough : it gives careful directions for their .m m- trainin& and their riding, recommending always kin&-, not roughneaa : it deecr ib in detail the ‘ommental Loreemenahip,’ the proper prancing and @g, which w.w cultivated a t Athene for the State proceesiom, B repremta- tim of which han been pmatmed for us in the Phenon frieze. The Eportemprr treats of the breeding end training of dogs, of nete and wea, and of hunting, egpecielly for the here. It ww B sport in which we have seen he took an enthnsieetic delight.

Xenophon he^ always held a distinguiehed position in the field of literature. He WBB admirsd by his oon- maon m a tamporeries. imitated by his mcceawrs : from the Ramene, eqecially from Cicero, he received the moat un- qualified prsise: end the adverse criticinms of modern echolare have done little to Shake his ppularity. It is eesy to understand this. He appeals to the imsgination as a mau of action aa well ee -of letters : hia subjects me intereeting : hie language eaay and grsceful. But when we measure him by a higher s h d a r d : when we consider how little he metered the divine philosophy of Socmtee, how little he realized the greatness end the weeknees of Athens end Sparte and Thebea, how little he grasped the politid and social problerne which were struggling for expreeaion in J& day, then we find him lamentably deficient. He is a vivid end aympathetic writer, but he lacke power and genius. We have .wen thia in his practice1 life, end we EBB it even more in his writings.

His style is m a rule simple and graceful, but it is in perte very unequal. Setting aside such work, as the A g a , which is composed upon the model of 3tyle. the fashionable rhetoricha of the day, euch as Isocratee, his

O

m Horse,

x:uriv INTRODUCTION.

beet writinge, e.g. the Anab~ia, the Hellenico, the QrOpaed;a, end the Hemwmbih are, when d c d y examined, full of faulte : hie aimplicity d o n e l l y degenereb into beldnese : his grammatical constructions en, often laose and faulty. 8ocretea wee no maeter of form, and Xenophon’e literery training menu to have bean far from perfect. Bis language tao ie not pure Attic. “He admits Ionic, Donc, and poetical words, and mea m irregulsr a vocabulary thet each work abounds in h a € w p m , not only na regards himself but m m the good Attic authors of hie dsya” *

At this time there were b Greece eeverd dimtinct popular diel&, and elso aeveral dietinct ,literary dielech, and at Athew there were even two distinct literery dielects, “ the meturd Attic of the dey kncwn to un from Comedy and the Orators, end the partidy devdoped Ionic Attic of more than a century earlier, which is the basis of the lenguage of Tragedy.” f An educetad Ath+ constantly mixing with other educated citizens w d d a ~ i l y pees from one dialet ta the other, but if B mau were =prated for a few WE from Athem, end mingled with Greeks Ming other didech, the purity and precision of hie Attic became neceemdy impaired. I‘ It ie in no way strenge,” E ~ Y S Hebdius, B

grammerim of the first .century, “timt a mea spending hin life in campa und among foreigners should bee mmewht of his native +.”T Many of the non-Attic lonun used by Xenophon have been removed from our texts by eerly editore, such BB bap+ (Attic &p+), *S (Attic Fus), but msny e t i l l remein; thw occurring in this book of the Anabesis &re collected in the Index under the heading Style.’

‘-Y t Rutherford. Ii6w Phynichmb

NOTES ON !&E GREEK NERCENARIES OF CYRUS, AND SOME MBN(EUVRE8 OF THE ARMY.

AT the close of the Peloponneaian War, in which for 28 yeera @.c, 481-404) h o e t ell the S t a h of Greece hed.been arrayed in arma againat one another, under the leaderahip of Splrrb and Athens, h g e numbere of men were thrown out of em- ployment ; hed been spoilt by the free and adventurous life of the soldier, mme hnd been banished or found it impoanible for pol i t id -E to return to their ho,mes, dem, like the poor but hardy Arcadian mo~nte jneers, were dway ready to eeek a living among strangers. Hence Cyrus fcmd little diflicnlty in mllecthg a force of over 10,oOO Qr&ak mercenaries.*

The method of enhtment ie deacribed by Xenophon in the first chapter of hie Ana%ß. Firet, Gym- ordered the commanders of garrieons in his mt. æitrepy to collect picked Peloponneeien tmope; m a y , he welcomed ta hie court political fugitivea from such citiea M Miletna and formed them into an army; thirdly, he invited Win Greek of6cer8, whom he knew. by promisee of pay md employment, to mise tmops for him under various p m F cleerchua, for instance, collected an army in the Frech Chernonese, under cover of protecting the Hellenic

xxxv

m v i INTRODUCTION.

citiea against the Thraci8n tribes ; Ariatippus raised 8 force in T h e d y , nom.in8lly against his political advereariee.

The actual work of & b e n t WBE carried on by eubordin- ate officere, captains, Xcqayol, each of whom, apparently', undertook to gather a company, X6xos. Th- would n e t d l y come from the =me district, end EO the members of each com- pany would be united by a much needed bond of uaion; The wmp8niea wem to have differed much in quality : some wn- Sisted of picked men; in others boye, and even men of non-Hellenic birth were to be found. The greeter number of troope were drawn from the mountains of Arcadia and A c h h , in the Peloponnese; but Thrme furniehed excellent light infantry, Crete end Rhodes the beet erchers end slingem, end almost every stete of Greece wna repreaented in the army. b y of the generels end captaina were wealthy end well-

mumaw born men, who advenced their own money to to -t equip their troope; md probbly Xenophon WBB

not the only volunteer attached unofficidy to the et&.* With euch men love of adventure, desire for distinction, the fame of Q~ld generosity, would be more powerful indnce- menta then p y ; and d expected that the experlition was a mere mid ageinst the freebooting Piaidiam. But money WBE

certainly the motive with other gene&, such na Mencm, cmd with the common eoldiere, who hoped to return home after a short campeign with their packeta full.

The Greek soldier had to provide everything for himeelf :

PW. clothea and armour he brought with him, food he bought -if he could not obtain it by foraging

-from the merchanta, genmlly L y d U , who followed the army. The unml pay for a Greek h0pLít.e WBB 2 obole per day and 2 obole for food, i.e. 4 obole per day, or per month 120 obole, i.e. 20 drachmee, i.e. 1 &c, about 20 ehillinga.

"&p.*

, . I T-

. .

.. .

THE GREEK MERCENARIES OF CYRUS. uxvii

Thie is the pay that Cyru~ h t offered : a f t e r w a r d e he raised it to l& derice per month. A Aoxay¿s received double, a u ~ p r q y d s four t h e e a~ much, with a p e d dlowencea and m d e . The light infantry would receive a emaller amount. Benidea this pay Cpme promieed ta each soldier 5 eilver minae (about f20) when they reached Babylon, end their p y in full till they returned d e l y to Iopia.

On thi~ expedition all the booty and priaoners which were not sold or exchanged immediately for pro. v i n i o ~ became common property (d rotubu). Thie property WBB canverted into money on every suitable occasion, and from this fund all the current expensee of the &y were paid. At the conclusion of the campaign a tithe WBB eat mide for the gods, and the remainder divided among the officere end aoldiers. The tithe for the goda WBE shared nmong the generala, who epent it on euch religious servicea &B

they thought fit.+

Booty. etc.

Diucipline in the Greek army, eapecislly after the death of Cyru, reated entirely on the individual a u e n c e of the officers snd the right feeling of the men. maune- There ia an air of badom and independence about the deal. hp of the Greek moldier with his superiors that c o 1 1 t ~ 8 E b

onriouely with the peat gap that h a ~ hitherto aepsrated our private from hie oficer. A m of strong pemnality, like charchus, feared and respected by all, might ply hie stick on the becks of lazy rnembere of hie own battalion. but if he

' . ventured to flog one of Menon's soldiere, would &d himself .pelted by the eggrieved mm'e comrades, end might have to fly for hie life to the protection of his own trOOpE.'f Even a

.ppuler officer euch &E Xenophon, when leading his men to

_.. . ?-v.?

,- '.

ab

xxxviii INTRODUCTION.

the charge, may find his orders m ~ w d by the rude taunts of e Sotaridae.' On the whole, however, the discipline of the army =ems to have been m l y good. During the terrible months of the retreat, &r the aeizure of the generals, the eoldiem loyally obe.yed the officers, whom they had themaelvee elected, ,end, if they claimed the right to understand and diseues important plene. they were ready to accept the advice and decidona of their officer^ and to support them in enforciug order end discipline. On -hing the Black Sea, when 'their common safety' WBB no longer 'their common need,'t the bonds of discipline were relaxed, end the eoldiers committed many excesaes; but if we compare their behaviour even in thene trying circumshcea with the behaviour of modern troop under similar conditioni, we shall find the contraat highly favourable to the Greek.

The troop were divided into Ò r r A î m , the heavy armed M-md troop of the line, and yup+s, light armed Omcaraofths troop : by the desertion of their Pemian allies

they were deprived of cavalry, but e smsll force wan raked and equipped during the retieat.

The Hopliten were divided into battalions, each under the command of a mparqy6r, general. The battalions differed in strength, each battalion representing the number of men that ite gm-1 had succeeded in enlisting. To every battelion e ~ ~ p d n ) . ~ ~ ~ , kutenant-geneml, wna attached. The battalions were divided into Aha, companiea-the average s t r e n g t h of which m probably 100 men-commended by a Xo~ayybr, c a p tain, and e hroA6~ayos. Each company w&8 subdivided into two ~ W T ~ ~ U T ~ S of M) men each, and e a c h . ~ ~ M ~ ] N O O T ~ into

* k i i i . & 4 7 . t h i i C ~ 3 9 .

. . . I

THE GREEK MERCENARIES OF CYRUS. xxxix

two Evopo~hr* of 25 men each ; the officers of these were called W E ~ K O U T + S and ivwpoT¿pXar, corresponding roughly with oar subalterns and sergeante. Two Mx01 united are Mme- timea called a Tels end their commander n a [ & p p s . The Ught Infantry seem to have been divided into T¿& of about 100 men W h , the captain of which is called both ~4lapxor and Aopyyb. They were B very necesmry complement ta the solid and unwieldy body of drhîircrr, ,especially in broken country. b i d e s acting BB skirmishers in bettle, they had to reconnoitre or to phmue the enemy, to occupy the heights, to forage, and d e themaelvea ueeful in num- berleee W B ~ .

The Oavalry were divided, aa a rule, into squadrons, @Aal, ' c h or &at, each numbering in later times 64 men. The 1 commander WBE called Irrrap~os. In the retreat a troop of M)

horse only w u 0rganized.t

The ddî7ar wore purple tunics, X L T ~ V E S . Their armour d m t e d of (1) helmet, K ~ L ~ O S , weighing about E 4 I~S. ; (2) either a cuirass, eh&, of metal, or more commonly the buff-coat of leather, mroAds, fitted with e Lnazan breestplate end shoulder pieces. S t r i p of leather or felt, d p y e s , hung below the Ohpa[ or moAdr, overlaid with metal and s e d g both &B an o m m m t and a defence for the lower part of the body ; (3) Greaves, mqpi&s, platas of bmas or tin, lined with leather or stuff, covering the front of the

I , leg from above the knee to the ancle ; (4) a large shield, h r l s or UrrAor, usually oval but sometimes round, provided with a

..T rtrep for hanging round the neck and a handle for the left .... .; I'

An hopmh meml properly a body of men bound together by a com- , *, mon vow of Saelity ( b p u p , I swear). "he term in first found in Herodotun,

who w e n it of a divimon in the Epertan m y . .L. 1 L- t w . S. p a

x1 IIVTRODOCTION.

h d : it WBB about 14 yerde high by 21 inchee b r e , mede of Isym of hide covered with metal plah. The front W-

often adorned with devices, to protect which the shield wan kept in a la ther or cloth cese, when not in actual une in battle or a t reviews.

Their weapons were (1) the long spear 136pv, from 6 to 7 feet long, with a double-edged point, alwtj, and a spike, uavpmjp, a t the butt, wed for sticking the qear into the ground or for t h t i u g at close qaertere ; (2) a m o d , either the strnight sword, (1#0s, Imerp lbov , or.the curved sabre, píxarpa, @tjA~, which the Lsaedæmoniens g e n d y used. "ne totel weight of armour and weapons WBB between 70 and 80 lbs. On the march all the havier artiolea were ded by elarea or in the waggons.

The light-anned troop, yvp+jm, ~VØLV~TCZA, yvpd, or $M,

L?" combat. They are divided into wore no defensive armour and avoided close

Roopa (1) drrwnd, spearmen, armed with a epeer' 74 feet hg, ~ K ~ V T ~ O V , firninhed with E leather strap* a b n t 10 inchee from the butt, through the end of which the foreiïnger WBB hertad. It is paeaible that the strap WBB wound round and round the U t , and when rapidly uncoiled in the act of throwing gavi E spinniug motion to the ~pesr like that h- part%d to a bullet by the modern rifle.

(2) archere, armed with a bow, T&V, arrows, olad, and quiver, #up+=

(3) a#wb+rar, slingere, mnedwith a sling, u+w%kq, pouch, &#O&p, end stonea, AU)O(, or leaden bdete , pAup8lties.

The reh'rmal proper,-for under thie name all descriptions of light-ermed troop are often clessed-were a

a medium between the 6rAîrar and the yvp*s. They ded the &cdv'rtov (see above), and, since they mme- tim- fought in line Et close quarters, a s d wooden shield, r&q, about 20 inches b d , covered with leather.

dyrrfi~, cf. v. 2. 12, 8rwmhwp.bovs.

- . . . .

I '

THE UREEK MERCENARIES OF CYRUS. xli l

j The rider had no shield, but wore a heavy Oh& LrrrLcbs,

, 01- cuk* over a buff juket, uroAds,+ from I which hung the n t p u y e s , strips of leather or felt,

' overlaid with metal, protecting the lower part of the body: ' the legs were guarded by high boob and la ther or mail thigh 1 pieces Hie offensive weapons were a h c e end a straight

mord, fl#m. The horee wore a headpiece, rpopærw~l8rw, bremtplata, rpu~epl8rw, and armour for the fhh,

4 -F-.

T b m (Th U K C h , Ò 6xAm, U T p a T ¿ S UKeVO@OpK6S, !

I

ab.). The full complement of en army division included a hp number of eervante of au kinds, priemte, doctors, merchanta, tenta, furniture, clothing, uteneilm, end food of

. a w r y mrt, and sometimes prisonera Hence there would be N y 88 many non-combatanta &B combetants.

After the s e h r e of the p e r d e d the tente end auperlluons bggage were deetroyed ; but even then the retreating m y

, doand ita movemente greatly hampered by its train, and still fnrther reduced it by dismieeing all prisoners after entering

&duchin (iv. 1. 13). ..;I

' The whole body of heavyarmed troops, d r A î m , wan drawn

I AóXos. II M ~ o r . ) I xdxor. I I Aóxoo. 1) Aó~m. 1 tr: FIU. 1. > line may be my depth, 4 deep (&l T W ~ ~ W V , els mndpao), '% in the review before ' the Ciliciap Queen ' (i. a. 16), 8 deep kin the bettle of Mantinee, 12 deep BB at Leuctra, etc. The

, I -- ' l

xlii INTRODUCTION. l I

i followiog plan &OWE the formation of a single AÓxm B :

i h g b b 'b ¿ ¿ A ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ b b b

f e d ' b b b ¿ b ¿ A ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ò ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ b b b

FIQ. 2.

S

U 1 c b , a a4 b b 1 M V .

¿ b ¿ 2 A b d 3 ¿ A b 4 ¿ ¿ ¿ 5 ¿ ¿ ¿ e ¿ ¿ ¿ 7

A line ie called h&, a eeries of files mlxos, the front 11/7wrov or o-r¿/m, the rear 06pd (tail). The front-rank men are d e d +yefives or ~oI5peevor, the rear-rank men 06pyol ; dl them were picked men. The bwpurdms h o d at the he& of the right hand fiie of hin Ivu&a.

The cavalry were usually posted on the wingm (T¿ G&ov r l p a s , T¿ d d w u p v rlpas) of the # t h y [ , the light infauh-y acattered in front or on the wings.

The order of march might be in (1) @AayE, (2) column, (3) orderof Sqnm.

( rwraGpor 3s r b ~ O p d e r h , uvrrt-ray&-cp T@ mpm5- part, IV -1, hl #&a-, etc., Intin, ack idd) w a ~

yuoh. (1) The order of march in line of battle,.#&ay[,

THE GREEK MERCENARIE8 OF CYRUS. xliii

employed when au attack from the enemy WM expected; it

f

- L . , .

a' O 0 Ö O

O 0 O 0 O 0 O 0

O 0 O 0

.~

O 0% ivwjLòr6pXIs

0" 3 O 0

O 0

k O 0 O 0

O 0 O 0 O 0

O o%iwwprtipllrl, O 0 O 0 O 0

O O O 0

O 0 O 0

O 0 O 0

O 0 O 0

O 0 O 0 O 0

O O O 0

O 0 O 0

a tvow7ápms

O 0 O 0 O 0 O 0

.. e wnn merely an advance of the #nay€ described above, Fig. 1,

. . . . . . . .. .

1

xliv INTRODUCTION.

(2) The order of march in column (h1 N C ~ S , m d dp~ , ¿@lu @¿Xay[, LlpBroc M o r . etc., Latin, longurn agnun) waa the uad formation, especially in rough country. The X b p march one behind the other, and the b w q l a l in eenh Xhor one behind the other (see Fig. 3 ~ ) . The column m y be drawn up in two, three, or more flea, according to the nature of the ground ; the usual formation is said to have been in two files (als a h ) (Fig. 3B), but this hardly probable except in very rough country.

The head of the column is ~b d p a s , T¿ ;nOfipuevw, 01 +fipevor, the rear .i &p¿, d d m r 1 9 ~ f i A a ~ e s . The ozpanlyol naually rode or drove in chariota'at the head of their batfdiom, the Xoxa- yd at the head of their companies. Cavalry end light infantry were stationed in front or O? the W s or rear.

(3) The order of march in quare (rXalurov or rAa&tov l u b d e u - p, Letin, ogmen p u a d d u r n ) WBB uaed when conatant attacks were f a r d from my aide (Fig. 4). In the formation the re.sr with ita baggage and temp-followers WBB unprotected; in the column formation the baggage wna equelly unprotected, end the enemy mightí cot t he long straggling line at eny point

5

Q front, &pa, pi~wwov. b. rear. O+¿. e. flanks, r k u p l . d. light infmtry. e. baggage and camp followem.

FIG. 4.

end cam loes end confunion. The eqnare WBB intended ta protent the baggage m d ta p r d egainet attaokfromeveryaide.

v;. - ' '

l I THE UREEE MERCENARIES OF CYRUS. xlv

' The hoplites were arranged. usually 8 deen on all four 1 des, in inch a way that ;hen they f e d &wards they

formed on each aide a line of battle, #&ay€. The baggage end camp-followers were placed h the centre, the light infentry

'., between the beggage and the hoplitea. After the morning sacrifice, a t the firet aignal the baggage

WUI oollected and the tenta, if there were my, packed : at the second signal everything waa placed on the beasts of burden or in the waggons, at the third the soldiers fell in and the march commenced. A light meal had been taken in the early morning immedietely after rising. About 10 or 11 o'clock the army halted, and the mid-day med, bpozo~, the French &eumer, waa eaten. The m y

j , then continued ita march till 4 or 6 o'clock. On reaching _'' mitable ground, which would be selected by light-armed

troope sent id advance, villages being chosen where poaaible, ' the baggage WBB unpacked and B camp, if neceseary, formed.

We know little about the internal arrangements of a Greek camp. Apparently they m'ere very rarely forti- fled in any way, unlike the Roman campa, but tJmy were carefully guarded by outposts both day and night. They were probably laid ant in duo order, battalion by bat-

'. talion and company by company. In front of each divieion ' m open was left for the anna, called T¿ hAa, and

in the centre* or front of the camp a larger space in which '' the whole army could meamble. Here stood the altar on

which the eecri6ce waa offered before starting in the morning. *"brger camp had ale0 a specid market-plme in which, under ='the survdlence of officere ( d y o p v b p ) , proviaiona, etc., were

d either by the natives or by the merchants which followed

The yaroh

-

The camp.,

.T

_.. I.^

S

xlvi ' INTRODUCTION.

Aftar the quartere had been taken up, the chief meal of the day, T¿ & h w , dinner or mpper, waa prepared and esten, the watohword wan prssed.round, the ordern for the morning were given, the watoh 6rea were lighted end the watchea ret, esch night and each day being divided into three watch# of qual length, reckoned from nuneet to s n h or to the hour of starting. Them the aoldiera lay ohattlng mund the &er, tiUgraduaUy the whole camp wan hunhed in sleep

ILLUSTRATIONS OF ARMOUR

INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS OF ARMOUR, ETC.

FIO. 1. M, e&&. 2. Buff-jerkin, oroAdr or n o M s . 3. Helmet, &W. ,

4. Greave, wqpk. 5. Hoplite'e Shield, UrXw ; with handle, dxavw. 6. Eloplitde Shield, IhrxoU. 7. Trumpet, udArcyt. 8. Horn, &pas, with crone etick hudle. Q. Spear, 6bpu ; with point, a l w 4 ; and epike at butt, uavpwnjp.

13. Quiver, #apbrpa ; carrying bow, T@, and m w q o h d .

16. Hoplitde Sword, E@os. 16. P& Short Sword, drrrvdmr. 17. Slinger, u # r v 8 w h r . 18. Part of a L scythe-chariot,' dppa 6pperavrl@pov. 19. Fbft, q e 8 h , resting on kin^, &ml.

, 14. Scimitar, p i x q a

20. Waggon, a A a . xlviii

.@ i . ' . .

l 2

6 D

8

xlix

c V

17

18

l9

p Y

XENOPHON'S ANABASIS. BOOK VI.

. .

. ' .

l m

a C. 401. March O.

July ‘27. sept. 3. Oct. 22.

400. Jen. a7. Feb. a

. Oct.-Dec. 399. Maroh 6.

CHIEF DATES.

Departure from Sardin. Enphraten croaaed at Thapeeoua Battle of C u m . Seizure of the Generale. Xenophon’e h m : Election of New

Sight of the Sea from Mt. Thechea OÆOeln.

Trepermll reached. Servioe under Senthee. Snrvivom join army of Thibmn.

ITINERARY OF BOOK VI.

ao. (00. Deb.

!

i

I

Palt&) (Bchreiber-Anderson.)

Throwing the Javelin. &m a Vsse in the Brltlsh Muaeum.

r ’.

. I

Pendan Dorlc. with -re of the Ehg d Pmh. (Ccdn of Artuarxa.)

a I U.

F . , I . . =NO@QNTOZ KYPOY ANABAZIZ VI.

B BOOK VI.. CHAP. I. 7

. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . ... ... . ...

I

c

, e-..., =. .

12 ETPOT ANABAPIZ. W B.O. BOOK VI. CHAP. III. IS

. .

E 'hl?. BOOK VI. CHAP. III. 16

10 ETPM ANABAXI~. IM) B.O. BOOK VI. CHAP. IV. 17

. k, '

C '

l I

BOOK VI. CHAP. IV. 19

7 F ' m p a q y o ì cis TÒ ~ v p v ~ v xopíov < y o ~ w o .

óì 82 cCovro dvaAaßówrs rà b A a Kai -&; Fortify a cnmp.

B

9

10

11

12

.. .

I

!

. - I

c

l

. . . . . . 3 .

NOTES. B &S. 1OO=Rutharford"s Firet Greek Syntax Bectian 100.

CHAPTER I. 3

. A Boob II., III., IV., V., and VIL begin with n short f pmmqy of the prerioua nnrrntive. Such e eummary is in

bme m. prefixed to Che iii. of this book ; hence some

r begin Bk. VI. et Chnpter iii. See nota on iii 1. *' editors ndd the first two ctnptere to the end of Bk. V., and

' 5 1. hr ha 6, 'whilst waiting here,' i.e. at Cotyora, -. Z' Kvnhpa, once eTodshing ci it dwindled sway &er the 7 foandiu of Pharnecin (mod. ! k a a h ) , and hee left scarcely

,a -%elund. ProbeMy the modern Odd, 'where some x remainn of en ancient port, cut out of the solid rock, nre still

risible.' (Hamilton's h i m Minor.) ' e-3 +, piha qunlifieu €8, 'right well,' 'with great &ill' ; * 10 aUnm &a, ii. 5.

-1 3. %am ... , !enotiug the coincidencle of two eventa, 5.. * - .. '~na nt the time ... . see Vomb. - I

'I neither to injure the G r e e c o r to be injnred by them'; real17 p+ ~tretv 705s 'm pqrr (W. W a h G p ) ,

quivnlent to on condition that he WBB not injured by them. - , 5 a. M &a 4 o m , on the ennlogy of the usual phraae, .hl [ h a KaAc3 (V%. vi. 3), to iuvite to pmtake of one's hoe- 'telity. Tr. 'welcomed them to a friendly (or hospitable)

bed the beat right (or title) to be asked. ~ L U ~ ~ T ~ T O U S , BC. ? r a p u K d € ' a i k t , 'th": whom they thonght

5 4. p& d v aLxpmA&œv, lit. oxen of thoee CB tured, i.e. 'mm of the captured oxen.' ~ q a ~ l v r v , eto.: cf.%U. ii 23. 35

E?. - . ' L q u e t . . . .

36 K P O T ANABAEIZ. o h p . I.

dinner- rty (8&vov) WB$ Wied, libatione were made to the g¿. olrovbi ... hor6vww ... , the mud courae. After a

G$.&t (dya8br 81alpov). the p e s n WBB aung, end then

joined the rty and eonvanstlon was relieved by the Intro- dnnkmg begm (au&mov m r h o s ) . New gue& often now

dnotion of %cera, mnaic, etc.

Artemia in p t i h d 0 for deliversnce from e v r t h e burden of h d v w o v . The wahr wm properly a h n to Apollo or

which was l& IImtbrr, Il& being Apollo as the god of healing. Then it waa uaed specially of the aon of viatoy, but also of

beginning e day’e worl, eta. W B ~ songe before goin into battle, ant of solemn chante before

ear., am umal, d m b a the scene BB B whole, the imperfects Ppxwvm ... 4- .. . (xptiyr~ ... . , Note the ten- : the

the epieodes, the a u d v e phaiea. ponitive aa‘ectkea in neut. phm. uaed dverbielly

5 6, T& -v, Thmoien aon in honour of Kin Sitslcae. Vollbrecht comparea the Germen fduigalid und R%&a.

will &g the aong of armdue. For conetr. cf. r b ‘ A T Gaey ( Aristoph. Ach. SW), ‘he

8 7. ALv~âvea, Aeolien people inhabitmg U valley of the S rchiua ; belPPged to the mmy collecte^. Menon, the X&diaa (S. a S). Mti~r, another A e o L oupying mountsinom con& dietriot on e& of Theusly.

tribe ow

&Te I= in p-. d. 8 8, * U n d .

(DikyG.) ZJlY r ~ b v udoupbqv, aa apmarv, ‘the Carpsea dena, ae

it is called : an ancient mimetic dence or pantomime, fully de- ecribed here by Xeno hon, dating from the roqh daye when dl men went armed. %idler dancw are mentioned by A t h a - sells &g frequently rrfomed et banqueta for the amusement of eata. The edvation of Deme ie uncertain: either (1) g m n a p h , fruit, but fruit time is rather autumn than epring, end thia amne re menta the so meon, apring : or (2) from Kap&, wrist, L u a e the - s e d mm’a wrista are bound.

$ e. mm&, we 0 6, *Ad, note. TO+, ‘Bee .)hm a&-,’ cf. proapexi Italiam, Verg. A . vi. 86’7. The mid erpreellee deeper intereat in action of

verb. (hetor.)

f to, afiL, p i v e f to the tune of the M o r e march,’ or wer +v ... , ‘ate ped along In time, pipee ?laying (lit. piped meaeure, mentioned in Arimtoph. Clou&, 661, where the

d end iambna (- -, - Y , - -, -). ia meaEmred Scholieet eaya it waa compoaed of a spondee pyrrhic trochee

f movement either in nwtion. BB in dancing, marching, etc., or in e m d , na e tnne, merah, eto. : here used in both amam 3 i u e , , , of motion, of tune.

aBXobpvor, the Greeks had only two kin& of inatmmental * mnaic, aUAwtr end rrr8dpruas, wind and stringed murio. The * latter WM produced on the aevenrl verietiee of the cithers or ‘’ lyre : the former on the mAdc (ht. t i a i a ) or pipe, a hollow reed, . cane, or piece of wood, p p e d with holes : there were m a y . varieties, single and dou le. 6ee Diet. of Antiq., “Fibis.’

0 19. m&xq (W. amuis : derivation uncertain, from a (?retan IIdppqw, ita inventor : or from Pyrrha, m of Achillea,

am the parent of the modern ballet end pantomime. It waa of etc.), the moat famoue of ancient mimetic dancee, interesting

Doric origin (Cretan and Spartan) : rimmily S wm.dmm

j evolutiona, intereperaed with mimia engagemenb. A t f m which the performers went thmugi wrioue machin end

. . h d v w r r v , see 5 4 note.

S8 KTPOT ANABAZIZ m p . I.

ohildreu were trained for it from their earliest yeare. Plato

the moden of avoiding blows and darte by %pin& or g i e g (,km, vii. 816, Jowett) =ye the Pyrrhic dancer “imitatee

wny, or s@nging &de, or rising U or falling down ; nlw the oppoa~te postnree, which are 8oee of d o n , BB, for example, the imitntion of arohery, and the hurling of javeline, and of d Sorte of blows.” Atheneeus & it 8 “training

dancers were given nt the Panathensic festivd. Eh$ (upuy$paupa) for wer.” At Athena exhibitim of

into a mere B le is shown by this m e in ?:$c. Among tf%maw, who adopted eo. maux cuetome from the cfreelre, we hear of “ p p h w mdrlarce, ‘war pyrrhics,’ hut for the moat part their Pyrrhic wan like

wb’ect (e.g. Judgment of Paris, ApuL M&. x. 30-34 ; Icarue the modern Itdim pantomime, e representation of Mune mat

andPani@l&i, Suet. N m , 12 ; Invasion of Indh b Bacehae, Athen. =v. Bal, etc.] by denoen, mde end fende, u a d y

profneion of noenery and oontume. In the Pyrrhio the mueid nlavee importad from As18 Minor, put upon the step with a

aecompePiment played a very importent part: the meaaure was atinin# y& m d li ht, hence the foot (- -) celled pyrrhio. h urther a&, 888 Smith, Diet. of A d p . , etc. 5 16. teal + v ... , ‘ those who had actnelly routed

the great h o g ..., a facetious exa eration. Cf. I. x. 2. In battle of CaneXs Artaxemes attnoI15 and began to plunder esmp of Cyrus. One of the women, pursued by the spoilem, fled to e small body of Greeh left on gusrd -th the camp- followere : theae drove OE the mpoilere.

.~ ~

g 14. &K& ... 88uratuh ... , see S 2, nota. 5 LI. 6 8’ U n , ‘?U the next &y,’ of. III. iv. 1, plvarses

E ~ v d q , modern Siiub, at that time the mont importent Greek city on the ooant; a oololly of Miletus, snd itnelf the y r e n t of the greet citiee of Cbtyora, Kerasnnt and Traperne.

with magnificent buildingn and Erhure : on their overthrow t became the capital of the kin of Pontus. who adorned it

it wan 8d$d to the Romm dominions, by Luoallne, and msde a Roman colony.” At the present dey few trac88 remain of ita former grandeur.

‘Appfpq, 8 Greek town and harbour of little imp*- five miles to went of Sinop.

a& T U 6 n l . 73* *&W, ql r n n P*opElowo . . . .

NOTES. 39

#.le. Bv 4 ... , En . order ig 7¿v #va 8bau8ar au 7 7qi mpare1pa7~ ( I woulf Lm able to handle the troops ’),

gm. d d be Fible-if there were a divieion of oommand,’ rd vvn¿s Ka1 ì&pas, pûAAw 3) uoXuapXlas o b q s (‘better thnu-

g TL A a v M v w . . . m +Uvtrv, n adverbial wo., ‘ in anything.’ *’ i 6 w a v + M ... , ‘ what waa decided by the one (general) z.rOnm be ded ont.’

h in accordance with the opinion which preveiled,’ i.e. ‘ in . &,* v u t l q s , BC. yvc5pvs,‘cf. ii. 12, lit. ‘&r,’and there-

*obedience to the vota of the majority.’ Nad with acc. is more umudinthieaenme.

* O u U q Y , gen. almol.) ... .

L . v dp %fp, metaphor from putting shoulder

R .mder, undertaking taak, involvincdea of compuleion or

a”k(iU. 37), end in m inscription. ?‘ductaoce: ram uäe, found in g 31 ow, once in Plutarch

~btead of rg 86, a looseness of construction common in Xeno- ‘I’ . # 40. + J&, followed irregularly by ¿&e 8’ ai?, g 21,

-POIL SeeIntrod. p. xxxiv. ’, .IlyVea-h, IL+~&L, Bv ycvkbr, note the tansea.

il,, .

.m1

U ) KTPOT ANABAZIC. -P. L

8 SI. h6-n MllpocTo, frequent8tive optativl3. T¿ $Maw FL, ‘ the h u e of the future,’ lit. ‘how the

future would turn o u t ’ ( o r l g o , ’ M ‘be’). For drg C&, bw with d v . intransitive, cf. common p h e s cahBr (xew, o~%wr h e w , etc. The whole clause ia sub]. of d8qAou (err]).

8 SS. bva~orv&war, ‘lay the matter before heaven.’ Note the active. ba~roruG is I communicate a thing to a person or aak for advice, ~ V ~ Z M O W O Û ~ L , I discnsll a mattar with anyone, cf. N ~ ~ V W & W , ii. 16, the middle having a reai rocal force, to give and take, talk over. Cf. uu ouAel0, 1 give advice; U U ~ O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ U , I coneult with ; edw, ? eecrifioe ; edopaL, I con- sult the gods by sacrifice (and eo wed of general taking the auepioea), etc.

b e m d set before the altar.’ o-&pwoo, muad middle. R. Syn. 191. ‘ C a u d to

@h, middle. Cf. note on dvarrorvBuac abOva v Ad 3 WU, Zens the King’ : aee for Xenophon’s

dreun, d d . III. i 12; for hie viait to Ddphi, III. i. 6. d ... y ... , ‘and in fa& ’ (64, Lat. d o or profecco) ‘ the

vbion, which he =W when he WBB firet appinted’ (da. laelas., lit. began to be appointed ’) ‘to the joint cherge ( M T¿ u u m r ~ ) of the army, he thought had been sent to him’ (lit. he had men) ‘from this god.’

right,’ b m e the Greek augur faced north when taking the 8 sa. G$&, i.e. east, the auspicioua quarter, ‘on the

au ices ; the IlOman augur faced south, and therefore had th%oky ampices on the left.

lvlrrp ... , anticipetory accusative. See iv. 23, note. olœvdq, an omen, lit. a bird, for birds were the chief meglls

b which the gods gave to men. Cf. Aristophanes, &du, 716 fo11.-

‘ I For Delphi, for Ammon, Dodona, in fine For every oraculer temple and ehrine, The birds are a substitute equd and fair, For on ue you depend and t o ue you r e p i r

‘ A urcheee, a bargein, a venture in trade : For counsel and aid, when a merriage IE made,

U&cky or lucky, whatever has struck ye. An ox or an 888, that may happen to pass,

4-a NOTES. 41

A voice in the etreet, or a eleve that you meet,

If you deem it an omen, you oall it a B i d ; A name or a word by chance overheard,

That birds are a proper prophetic A lla ” And if birds are your omens it clearly will follow

-(Xre~m translation. oblc ~ ~ W T L K ~ S , the eagle being the bird of Zeua, the King (2.

.l +Ach above) and the guardien of kings (6~mp+wv ßauAjwv, ,:‘kinp fosterlin E of &us,’ Hom. X i. 761, from whom all

represented on bin s sceptrw and banners na the emblem of ‘honour and a u h r i t y ie derived: hence the eagle is often

8- gwer . So m eeg f e eppears to Cyrne the Great on the

- of,Media, on his expedition agamet Assyria. ntier of Persis, when 8bout.b join his uncle Cyaxareg

II. 1.1. For eimilar auguries compare Hom. Od. :?W%, h ‘!Aesch. Pers. 200. Pameagee like this, which are not infrequent

T! ‘ i n Xenophon, are interesting instances of the superstition which waa present in the mind of even educated Greeh.

@ ‘ . ‘ C f q III. i. 12 mg. and notem. .’ 894. m h p L v & 1 0 6 ~ ~ ~ ¿ y d v m . ~ N T T d...,‘ thatwas p ,how the matter stood, when the army .. . . (Dakyna.) *

, g 48. a y O v r l p d d a r , ‘all declared for electing,’ EO V. vii.

~ W L ~ O L , for interchasge of opt. and indic. see Zrcuvoir], 0.9 16 nob.

2 ,I pm (have the feelingm off a man. erTEp in Attlc a l ~ e s - 8 SO. ~ B O ~ I Z L O C .. . dmp live d s cy, I muat be pleeeed if

impliea the supposition is true, or rather E with de 7’’ fact stated in main chuee. Twelate f r e r ‘ It is but -%umm to be ... ,’ or ‘I m but mortal and must needs be ... . !% ’ d~ . . . w p o x p ~ q v a ~ , ‘ the fact that . .. ,’ mbj. of Jorcci. m < ., -- .. h & o y r w h , vin Cheirieophue.

I . .F, ~ . o h +CV, followed by lpí m ... 06, insteed of &e, n alight kguhrity. 8- TÛ &, 8 U), note.

-T UA’ +W ... =p’ ahav, parenthesis, supply ~ O K C ~ T C , from h e ? above, to govern s ~ d u r r v bv, and oho ou as objeot of

d d w m .,. ¿æ+aMs, lit. ‘not very Refe in any 6’: (T&

rdv. WC.) for ‘bot at all safe.’ a form of expression d d

rrd*se~ Exeyw s o h ØL& ... 6oûuar 6 h p ... .

.. .. .

,- .”. 4 .-heu.

. _I

42 KTPOT IWABAZIZ. map. I., II.

)y gram- ‘ Meiosie’ or ‘ Litotes.’ OP rdru in metimes

context. not altogether,’ sometimes ‘dtogdhar not,’ according to the

were the lordm o E e m alno; i.e. of ~thenr M well an of the 5 99. h& lour ... , ‘ confene that the Lacedsemoniane

d a etaten of Qreece. For faob of. Xen. Hdl, ii 2. At the dom of the Pelopon-

neaian War, 406 B.c., the La4edsrrmopian~ reheed to a e r o Athems, m the Corinthbm, The-, end other allies mRlshek but offered theme tmmm: Thet the fOrti6C8tiOM end wdb

rendered ; the ailes rrvltored ; and! ‘ that the Atheniena &odd be destroyed; the fleet, exoe t twelve v d e , mr-

should aoknowledge the heedrhi of S rta both in pBLLae and war leavin to her the choiy oFfrien6 and fw, end follow- ing her l d b y lsnd m d nea. (D&@ tr.)

t h foctu b s f m my e ’1 ‘I were ta neem to be[ (cy ‘giue $98. Cc& ..., ‘if, themfore, eeeingtheae f sds ’ (v ‘with

them the im.pca& tg Z m ” ) ‘meking their dlgnlty’ (y ‘ high eclfeedsenr ’) void authority ’ (W ‘ lo be invdi&àqJ OF ‘ ncuhdieing their.. . BB far BB lay in mypOwer (lit. t e where I u~dd), I am app!wnive tha t I eho d very m@ly

,of

(S 89. d TWQ ... I thipking of Cleirisophus. 5 8L d e 2 (v6&v, nc. &ur, ‘that there WBI~ need of

more,’ i.e. mom ing more munt he naid. ‘B”, U¿ M often uned to introduce abrupt objections,

qnentione or prop.de , the adversative force being directed print a m pod objection or feeling in minde O€ a~dime , . g 32, anfv. 14.

For remarb on this pnaraee an ihEtr8tiUg Xenophon’e

gas. dvhr , ‘evenmi i t ie ’

m-, EBB VOCabU~.

character, EBB I n t d p. xvïi.-~x, xxviii.

NOTEB. 43

3 (S a. For the lines cut out, nee Appendix. ‘Hp$lcXc~a, dimtiiguiahed.~ g lIwTtd,.Hereelea Pontica, ,in T the Mlddle Ag= Penterakba, now Erekh, called by Xenqhm

‘ IL Chak city and 8 colony of the m6egeriu’ a very r w & l

Argonauta, accordin to the legend, were hoepitnbly received oommerciel city and of very anoient date, for ere the

htory,%nt%u now decayed. Thepreeent town occnpien only bp Kiu L CUE. ft p h y d important pert m ancient

the muth-went comer of the circult enolaeed by the ancient Wdln, .and consinta of about 250 Mohammedan and 40 Greek- chriehm honnea

M ~ v G W 6 v J the Msriandyni, the original inhabitants of .: , lbstern Bithynie, a

44 KTPOT ANABACIZ. abrp. m. g 4. 'A~powL&6~ X+&-. The Admusian C k m m ? . ~ ,

a ninsula jutting out into the Euxine. 'The name

swamps, which, &e the various rivers of the neme of Acheron,

world,' e. one near Hermione in ArgOkE, one between were at some time believed to be conneoted with the lower

near Mempb. (Ainsworth.) Cum m% Fpe Misenurn in Campia, m d one in Egypt

... samßfpq M) A@. Rhodine : cureer

a pi t ion , th y'p" . ~ b v Efi#pdrqu &e, for rompbu, two M i u h r¿kr (Thno. iv. aubetantives th= used in

IL), eta. For hl, 'to fetch,' cf. ii 3, 8, iAOs& h l T& h - njasra, ' to o to fetch provi!ione ; v. l. 5, hl rA&a m&Ae.rar,

*MW 4 kl 860 orbs- probably. with KaTßbewr, e locee oonstmchon, sdverbd instead of ed~ectlval : where now they show the mark8 of hie descent (i.e. where h8 descended) to B diatmce of ( h l ) more than two furlonge in depth' (rb p d h s , d v . WC.). Some editors take the WO& mth KaTa@iua, putting commas after mmrafiuar and nraTa@drtos.

Kili j -s~ or ''Sword %ver, both names derived prob8blx 0 8. AGKOS, River L ~ c u s ~ , " Wolf River," now &led the

from its sudden inundations and overpowering Boude. (Ainsworth.) &POS, edverlial W., 'in breadth.'

8 4. m p t b v , p t early in sentence for emphasie ; copte wo. with r O p u O * a '' c"gyte " mans thet the notion in

Cf. U k q F Lrlm~uw, they won e victory, qbnfptuw e h b p a , the substantive is "cognata or akin to that in the verb.

iii. 6 below. T& m-, .gem.* depending on the following cleu=

8 ~ t ... urmp!urou whch IE equivalent to a single substantive, object of ?audfu, tr. 'I am surprised at the generals' not trying ... . The conetrnction of a gen. of the person depend- in4 on 8 neuter WC. of the prononn, e.g. 8raBrGrac ahGu m w a , I perceive t h i s of them,' is common after verbe of

the neut. is sometimes explained by or eupereeded by a obseroing, enquiring, wondering, hearing, fearing, eb., and

clame. 8?ken. Aga. viii. 4, TOÛTO hraruO Ayrl~rXdou. rd hep&> d p ßauAh 8 C a p , ' 1 preise for this

&rusi8 WM ven by the encienb to V 8 l h l E l8kW or

spot near Taenarum m LeConia.

is sent to !et& transporta

NOTES. 45

thia trpt of A ilsus) that he despised the great king's

,: %&ow, 'he ercaived about them that they asked one mther .. . II d ' f o r a more complicated pardel, A&. III. i.

.. . wer. X-. G. v. 2. 18, 6' ahGu 5s hq&.rwv

-.an W," kupila @v, no 86, careleas writing (me Introd. p. xxxiv.) ;

mane edltora however explain p b in euch mea ee equivelant :z t. fi+. *' &rropttw, force of #K 'provide 11~)ve thurouglrly.' .,. . -. :.'mqp&mv, , . money d l o w ~ ~ ~ c e for rationa, which were

#Idom EUpplied in kind, es distinguiflhed from w e d s , w q w , by for service, see Iutrod., p. XXXVI. Xenophm is earllest

who UBBB word : Thucydidw haa +O#*. pq, with subj. (generally Lor.), or lesa

very emphatic mp&tive, 'l the gib I am will not .. . ." The expression is

or worde have been loet, probably some origin, even if we cennot esy now pre-

of fearing or iti equivalent. R. N p . 384. '' *&V q p p 6 V a'&, 'pWVimODE forthree days,'wm 8 etending Fer for &p army about to take the 6eld ; 110 the jarymcn in Arimtoph. Wmp, 243, were ordered ~ K C W howas + p p & d& rpu?r y p b , 'to come with a three dayn' eupply of bad

'mpplied ourselves with provisions we ehdl proceed on OUF .. &w&u ... , lit. ' there ia not (a place) from which having

my.' Aa often in Greek the emphatic word L the participle, not the verh : in English we must turn it ' there is no quarter

& on our way. which we m, supply with provisions end

m$b~qwh : * L @ ~ ¿ s or rufucqvdr, a gold coin like

&e &Z~IC¿S, dkd a ter Cyaicne, island and town off the north m& of Myeie, the gold of which ie now worth €1. !?a. 9d. "C 6. pupbus, BC. ah&, because the Heracleota had broken

m n d numbars 10,OOO Cyzicenes. W r promise (V. vi. 35) of a month's pep to the m y , in

. I ' d WS .. , continues soldiers' pmpoanl, 'and that b e y s h o n e . . ." wa@qdvrv, one of the common tran-

ta 0yti0 Recta d&IClol ie often wed of 'aìtting in w l t s t i o n .

' *Pr.

.- .

46 KTPOT ANABAEIZ. Ohp. K

aMm +a, d. eil &a, i. 1. note. g 6. hm 8’ ot, eo qv oh, L v. 7, etc., ‘ eome.’

W, with double ax., vk, ?rdxul and the ante- ce&?%~r~ ... &&Gu, # to compel a Greek city, and : friendly one too (ml CpAkv, emphatic), to anything which.. . .

6,n pq, not 06, because indehite and conditional. g 7. nal hmhík, force of h., ‘even (mal) went 80 far Q(I to

g e. T & v m c h v , URA~L~, 4+aívm, note the tensee 6‘ mar ing the name vmiety of state and cironmeten? in e aeries of actione thet light and ehade do in a (Rahdank) In t h i and many other rempecta E n g J ? s m poorer h age than Greek. Inape?&ts of continued and 1ncompd”aotion began to.. . in neverel quarters ; aorist of

of complebd action, the eff:cts of which etill -&e, ‘Lad comperetively momentary action in one quarter ; upet e&

colleating their propew from the fielde : they packed up end old and kept doaed. ?r., m d immediately they ret to work

transferred the msrket to the inside of the clty : the gata they hm3 ahnt et once and ke t ehut: and arme began to appear upon the walla.’ fi here wavere between meaningn of ‘market’ and msrketablee,’ c wlvw ’ : nee Vocab. dru & v , w l t r h v , pre t cmtrnction, = dvwmd- uwes +T~v, packed up amf%mxd8 inside,’ aee ncste on iii. 24, uvpp&a~ eb . ¿va = m theù weggone and beasts; (Vollbrecht) hAa might be either ‘mm or ‘armed men, ‘hoplika,’ BBB Vocsb. .

planatocily: that they were spoiling; i.e. ‘ L mpodng their 8 O. 6 ~ 4 O d p ( r v d p * v , added epxe eticell or ex-

threaten (oerteip a 0 M e q U e n ~ ) if ... .’

plena’ W V ~ V T O , like Lat. coire, of a eeditious meeting. g 10. ’Ahvofov, ‘an Athenian,’ i.e. Xenophon q8 h , not o#ephv. hecauae hypotheticel, stated not tu

m’!&rut na m conception in epeslrern’ mind. OWV &a~, ‘ wm nothing,’ ‘of no account’ Ka\ qv a;.. , c l a m with preceding, 88 em;

plmaking : a n & E ~ ~ q % + t ~ , IyI a matter of fact,. . . 4~ ... M p +LW, h 8 p f j ~ ~ ~ u u is treated (LB a noun and

sub3. of qv, e conetruchon warb uheu~u, ‘according to aenee,’

I. . .I..

m 8-10. NOTES. 41

‘.dommontoalllanpagee; aoinhg. ‘morethbdwen, . . . .3 cf. Cl$ aLqLAiovs , IV. 23.

&GV, vi. 18. 8 11. B o d v , partitive gen., ‘out of their own number,’ eo

b. mloh ml m q m , ‘would expect bu ~ o c e î ~ o a ~ ... KUJ r c q â u h r , after the Or. bli ua e b u above. Xeno hon Chang=

the indef. future condition. the conetr. an though he $Ba written ( X E ~ O V A . .. . Note

1 I 19. d T L V ~ 4 w v ... , lit. ‘they, having left Cheirimophne, *1 if there were any hcadians ... with him, and Xenopho: F T (ml. . em hatic by position), banded together ... , I.e. +’. ‘and% the & d i e n e ... who yere with Cheirieophue and * -< æ &nophon too, left them and ... .

’ ~oh-ovs ... , English order l#qtpluavro 88 rohoovr r o ~ & TO+O

#,TL h d v h rrir V L K ~ U ~ ] ~ (ec. yvhpqs, Bee i. 18 note). &# 49, ml., attraotion for drb rahqs 0’ (or j r ) , ‘from that which ... . la. TOG Xtrpw¿+, ‘having heard h m Cheirieophue

g:: .

& that ... .’ Q oh

-. 1 ’ KM- h p h , eee iv. 1, dewription and nota. * fi 14. ahí, a-v, Neon and Cheirieophue.

+ ‘ t h I l l tima (K TO-, ‘in consequence of this,’ rather than ‘from

y:’-.#Tt&NWln. - . F 8 16. k w h , h out of the Euxina

;Lii ’ . d i a n O wandere- : the Greeks had sacrificed to him, Zeus 3 fpqh ‘HpcucU, ‘Hereclem the Conductor,’ the guar-

the Preserver, and the other gob, on renching the e a at

Y_ ’

ITTrspexue, IV. viii. 25. -.. Buolrivp, K O L V O U ~ ~ V ~ , reciprocal middles, nee bvacorviiuar, i. &82 note.

vw Mal I I LVOV, techni,ed formula, ‘eatiue meliusque,’ ‘more deairabrand better : atrictly AGv is more desirable,

’ 816. ~ a ~ q & o o r ... , the numbers here given d e

.- total “more than” 8640, the Luune an in V. ïi. 3, though of “ more ‘tham ” 7800 hoplitee, loo0 peltaata, 40 cavalry :

. prehable, from Doric AG, I wieh : dpewov, better morally.

g& A

48 KTPOT ANABAZIZ. -p. =l m. many mm been E& nince then. Hence many mm. omit ~d rrumrlmor, M e Appendix. For numbern of ermy at dif- ferent t i m a we Introd. p. mxv., note.

chna’ Threeiane : mereeneries from aslatic Thrace, Le. ol KAdpxw ?@((c, sdded explanatorily, ‘namely Clem-

Bithynia, we g 17 note. #

fi 17. v they got the start of the othern to be ‘first in the fiel and secure most plunder.

Ußouv, opt. because r A b w r u ie historic preaenb. +! nee iv. 1, dewription and n o b .

qql 8p61(rp, Blthynia or Aeiatic Thrace, defined in iv. 1 below, BB ertending ‘ from the moyth of the Pontus,’ i.e. from Byzantium ‘BB far ILB Heracleh : called Thrace becauee, long before the period of Greek settlementa from Europe, the country had been conquered by Thracian trih, from the banks of the Strymon in Thrace, (hence d e d Strymoniens by Herod, vii. 75) among whom the most powerful were the Thyni and the Bithyni : EM Hiepert, c. iv. fi 61.

g 18. &W, with ¿ p @ ~ m , ‘ setting out &might from ,. . .’ of Hemlea, probably defined by the River Elaeus, mod.

g 18. d 8pu ... , ‘the confinnee of Thrace and the district

AUblf. (Ainsworth, 217.) 8d pwydus, through the heart of t h e country ’ ; “ we

must EU pow that he crowed the chain of h&, the pres%nt Y e a h $&h, and the ancient MOUE Hypiue, dewending upon

more insignificant site of D6ech931, the ancient Duseprum, the fertile plain of Pruse and Hypium, now called after the

uitnated on the same plain ... . There is no middle road, nothing but hills and im sable foreata betweem the middle plaine and the mast.’’ &worth, !h&, 217.)

CHAPTER Ill. 5 1. For this seetion see Appendix : it is not p& of the

original work, but, like the simllar introduotions at the head of Boob II., III., IV., V., and VII., waa added by an early editor, to whom probably we owe the preeent divirion into

NOT.IW. 49

E and chaptem. The editor ma? have been one of the ed men attached to the famow llbrary at Alexandria in , which, under the Ptoleminee (3rd ta l e t cent. aa), e the literar centre of the world. Many modern m begin Bk. d at thia chapter. See i I, note.

’ g 9. d b a , adverbial ace. with wophwov.rar. Mpv, ten nparqyd had been appointed (ii. 12 above) ; t h e

divimon of each npurqy¿~ is called looeely a *os ; here there- fore each U ~ o s would number over 400 men. For the A h o s

Ma, BC. x&, lit. ‘whatever nod of villa e aeemed larger r EIX Introd. p. xxxviii.

usual . . . ,’ i.e. ‘ If any villege seemed . . . . f ‘MOL, opt. because virtual Oratio Obliqua.

‘enclwed,’ ‘ surrounded ’ ; rather than, (LB

e it, ‘got pseaeion of,’ ail6 cornpararunt. g 4. &l & . . . l ‘‘ for bebig light-armed troop msny had “ka’! the hoplitee, slipping through (lit. out of) their very *E

P- 8. rphomq BC. d roM,uor, change of subject. ‘Hyqmiv8pl i.e. TOÛ Adxou ‘Hylluduïipu : mû doea not

Hylludv~9pou, but ‘Hyllud*¿?pou depends on TOÛ which

æperala, namely that of Hegeeender ... .’ * O. oi 8c .. . , ‘ and the other companies too . , . . ’ a up dAAou 86 Alxou, ‘but of another company d the ten ,

*:’ m q w a v . .. q q p q cognate acc. : see note on r o p b ,-- ~ , ~ u f i u a r , ii. 4, above.

m e another and flooked together reeolntely.” Note the =+ . . . oweUyovl0, “ kept up a continual shouting to

W.Id imperfeds through thie and the next section.

S1

: g 16 (17). &v 8L d~~plcuuphrrv ... , a complicated and not - well-expresred sentence, bemuse in the Qreek there is a double qsmparuron,@et between letting their comrades perish and asving them, S& between being misted by Chenhophus’s

- troops only end d l clinging together ; and further, two condi- tionel eentencea me implied,-if they paish, we Shall have ‘itone but Cheiriaophue’e troo s to rely upon; if they are 3, w v d , we can all cling togeder. A hteral tramlation will ‘m& brin thh out. Tr. “To let those now be& eríah, and so have to &ht our way through with the aid of 8heirieo hum’s

-’ all dtiq together, to rtmggletor our deliveranoe together,” z ’ :man done, L lena ta our advents e than ta save them mgthus, * .:, e’ k v , g it ie poeeible ... ,’ g we may either .. . .’ j*. thongh either in paible . gJ.filO(la). Ilytr,better‘ordelait~’then‘leedusthue’:

ro3r lupx ‘the rond boasters.’ See speeohee of Arca- ’ ’

8 y OI lrMw ~ o v o # v m s , ‘with their presumed superior wisdom,’ 2 0s.ironical. Distinguiah r M o v $J c&, ta be wiser than one’s hbour, from &W #porc% ($I vi. E), to be over-full of

A .‘a A favourite’ sentiment with Xenophon, probably bor- Q ;row~d from the poeta.

roh &d d v B& +x., lit. ‘who b e e from the goda,’ i.e.

,=.any important act..., ‘who beee every act upon heaven’ß ?.. .: :who coMult the gode and rely upon them advice before begin-

;c: . ’. b Bv ... S b q d c , that you may be able,’ final sentence - . J I O I T L I ~ ~ ~ expreesed by h , 8wws or 1sr with snbj. or opt., but ::: d a r imperatives end the equivalents of the imperative (here

rpwdxav) we usually have h b or llrwr b with eubj.

,, : 0 17 (14). vGv abv ... , by slight irregularif no Ben- tence answers it ; E the idea ie repeated again in + p.2~

-. . dima and A L B , akve, ii. 10.

. .. .

“W- ~. 4 21, and amwered by &LE &? 6 +&p*. .,” ’ h, for roaoû~ov k o u wpeA8eiv ... , g after advancing m far T. U i t may seem to be judicious (lit. ri ht‘ time) to advance BB .. regsrda supper time.’ r k T¿ 6., ‘wik respect to,’ see v. 14, ~: note, sir dv8pcrbnlrq or ‘with a view to ... ,J BBB VIL viii. 20. .** 1

:, ’ I 18 (1s). d u d I[ wokv ~Oeop@v, ‘if they anpwlere eepied thing from any quarter.’ From ita sense of ‘looking down

62 Kl’POT ABABAEIZ. -pp. IR., IV. from above npolq’mhfi is “p”,Uy umed of sudden or chance observation : ‘caught sight of : BO v. 8.bdow. km- plural, brp. singular. Cf. I. i. 6, h r s 8’ ¿+rv&o ... rdvms d n r i p r m . C VI. v. 7, J M ~ Ø ~ ~ v o v T¿ Jmmj&ra I

rl 711 d m . This wholesxdevantetion waa to @ve the enemy an 7t.d idea of the strength of the rnvading army,

’ g 10. 6wv K- a l CV, ‘ acettering aa widely M WBB prudmL’ hr ‘movipgabreaetof;tbemeng....’ . ml 4 -3 M, ‘end the meIn arm? too, ec. burnt’ : mparrd here used (like u r p r r k in ISr. iiL 211) of ¿TXTEL opp. to 1-a and r E ~ ~ d . SO (B. a. iii. as) contrasts axerdu and @tus.

picture, B favourite uasge of Xenophon.

wen of g 19.

wap&~m$vq, prem. part. giving dditional vividnem to

g 90. hr~bwm, &=turn ‘a8idsfimn’ line of march. g PI. &m\., . mix- ‘M mon an .. ,’ more emphatic by

+ h e b , note aceent, from i u A a 4 .

time when Xenophon heard of blockade, were laMy be- # 99. hAroprcoh, imperfect, oarryingr reader back to

seperation

leaguered.’ 98. &v ~ c a d c q y r h r r v , en. depenfing on CswBlovro,

from thme who had been left &hind . , . . dawn. Cf. Thuo. vii. 29, ¿y &mipar & A r k w e rbr Ebprrov. 4% ¿# kdpop, ‘immediately after suneet ’ : so lw6ev, et

mon in Qreek, for ‘ to go tu Calpe and jorn the others d g 94. o-uppm ... &, pregnant use of the preposition, corn-

alpe.’ Cp. I. ii. 2, rapfjuav els &lp6ers, and in this book, ii. 8 , i v . 7 , i v . 9 , i v . 1 8 , ~ . 2 0 , v . % , v i . 2 3 , v i . 2 4

&&K- tb mMv, ‘when they met,’ lit ‘arrived at the same place.’

of Xenmhon E st g 98. + F\#,, gen. depending on l rvvBdvoMo. ‘inquired

~~

4p& I.h, y6p, y¿p = we ank you about the &es became . . . . g 98. MKC~, lud &ped,’ wan peat,’ i j ~ w in pres. having

@mv, with &.da.

perf& force.

, . . . -- .. - - -

NOTE& 63

CHAPTER IV.

M Sefd ... d m ” ~ , ‘on the right BE one sails inta the Euxine 4 dat. of interest or hference-“employed to mark the pernon for whom or from whoae point of vlew a thing ie

Eevo$&wr, iil. 10, above ; and cf. pkvouar, 8 12, Mow. Cf. III. true ” (R. S’p. la), akiu to the ethic dative. See note on

‘all rivers become fordable am one aacends to their sources,’ ii 22, mimes ?wapl xpotouar rpbs d s w ¿ s 8uaßarol ylyvovrar,

m. v. 15, 11 86 8ra/3&r T¿V rorap¿v ... M A u 6 b @pm, (that) ‘the mad aftar one crwes the river . . . leads to Lvdi.’

g 9. Bufarrrlw, Byurntiam, modern Constantinople.

long day’s voyage with o w 8 for a trireme.’ A ‘long day’s dat. of instrument, qualifying r A o h h l , lit. ‘is a

voyspe,’ accoding to Herodotus, WBB 70,OOO dpyvral, fathom, i.e. 700 stades, or about 80 miles. The real distance between Byeantiurn and Heraclea by mea ia in a straight line abont 140 milea. Arrien gives it BB 1670 stades, about 195 miles.

above. ep+tcp B&wol, Bithyoien Thmians, see notes on ii. 17,

db%ough T& ‘EAA. has preceded, implying they treated & k h wœs, qualifies Abßwur : ma3r‘EMqwo added at end,

them worae because of them nationality. ‘Any Greeks who fall into their power, either by shipwreck or any other chance, they are mid to treat with terrible cruelty, because they are Greeks.’

M KTPOT ANABAZIZ. oup. m. subject can w i l y be su plied from the context or the thought. Cf. m - e X O d w w , g 17. Eee R. SF. 383. Some e d i t o r e take it M gen. dep. on Ir $S+

upoudpmw xa@v, ‘e projecting headlend,’ divided by ‘partitive appdum’ into d h u ... d Q ~ v . ¿ 81 ah+vl T¿ P I w 6 5 ... .

&pa ¿wopp& in apposition to T¿ $v . , , rnfiror. Qos, adv. MC., lit. ‘ in height, where (it is) h t , of ... .’ oLufp~, epexegetic, ‘sufflcient for l0,oOO men to live there.’

m ita weate? aide,’ then acc. after bw, ‘having ita wert 9 4. rh wp¿9 -v, better aa adverbid aco., ‘ with a beach

aide e beaoh. m, B common Qreek uae of adj. for adv. 80 Thuc. ii.

6, ¿ rwa& 6 p p h &as. Cf. v. 14, IOcXo&nev, v. 26, drr lm *ØWW.

i.e. commau ed b the faatneea’ or ‘p i t ion , &e. the lofty v 6 TOO x.pCw, lit. ‘ under the !omination of ’

M, already deacrited. Other editora take it M (2) ‘within eaey reaoh of the h a v d : (3) ‘within the count? snbjeat to the $ace ’ (Liddell and Scott). eta. For h r K p a r e l a m this senae cf. from the rmoh of theae men.’

II. vi. 4% 6 r w v IR +ir ~ 0 1 7 ~ Cwlrrpanlar, ‘ we ahd get away

nated by the Tarbs M the Aghaj Denid, or see of trees. &h ... . “This L so much the caae now, thet it is d q ;

Ahworth. For an intereatin6 denoription of the country, aee Kinneir’s J o w r ~ y through A m Minor, pp. 260 foll.

Thgh. 5 8. T¿ W, ‘mombin,’ ‘hill-country,’ modern KBdlren

ia ... , thm (M Preetor) adv. acc. T¿ 9 &=v, better subject of sauú (Cmr), ‘ the --board

worda have dropped oat, e.g. xwplov A, em Appendix : but g 7. & I rb ALU^ b yrv6pmov, possibly m e

the senae ia clear ... , ‘to a pleee whioh might have been turned into a city,’ C ~ b p u o v = I b &$vero, or 8 C yhro~m. Cf. I. i. 10, &S o&rm *eprytv¿puos C T& ~ V T L U T W L W ~ ; V. ii. 8. 3s BX6vros il* TOÛ xwplou ; vii. 7. 30, Sr vûv p#vvo*ras dr, el

NOTES. 65

fifty yeam hter in the authda

.’ iii. !a, ovp&aL rls. Ck ... v r p ~ c m a 8 & d ~ ~ , pregnant uae of prep., aea note on

ß a ~ A ~ p h v T L ~ ~ V , gen. h o l . canaal, ‘ becauae ... .’ 8 e. $p, erplains &K &oúAovzo, 8 7. quav clclr~lrAc~~b.rCc, ‘had miled- their h m (Ir) .. . .’ rokw h p o e , ‘a diffenmt claw from there,’ h e p o l teking

a ‘gen. of oompariaon..’ R. #p. 133. ’ rroxxd Ka\ b y d h .+mrv, probabl adverbial ace., cf.

phnree, rmAQr rpdnerv, eto., lit. ‘were $ring ebundsntly and \well,’ i.e. ‘ were winning p a t mcceda.

dey after their meeting,’ see T O L ~ W #Tepor, 8. R. 6yn. 133. 5 0.‘ 4 s ... dh, gen. of compariaon after Mpa, ‘ the

h’ &S& Wmo, phraae repeated :gain and again in following aeotiona ; h l , ‘on the question of.

So m 19, 20, below. VFLV, used absolutely, i.e. without object, BC. the mldiera.

T& bp¿ em, a n o t h e ~ h r w r repeated continually in following eectims, the uac signs were forthcoming,’ I wem there’; others understand i X d , which ia sometimes expresaed,

¿dwow, hr., each group, ‘in groupa’ : there would be a

bare fact of burial, without expresaing any interest of hurial dw~prhr, p e r a l l y in middle in this aenae; here act. denotes .

rty in their deed. Kruger quotes an excellent paasage from * $emoath. (43. 57) to illustrate this difference, OOY C p+&

* B d m r v , ‘any bodiea which no one enrea to tske up, let the F magistrate kaue ordere the reletiona should take op and

TO& IK &v 68Ov vbvcv., pregnant conat., see note on iii. 24,

o%q I p4 ... , not & becanae indef., and therefore hypo-

e.g. in v. 8 below.

’ heap of dealwherever e stand had been made.

f h l - , CrayyeXAh ¿ W p u p X O S TO% ~ p o d l K O W 1 Kai

e%.’ ypplb €IS.

-. 9 thetical, ‘my they did not,’ i.e. ‘ if they did not end any.’ T’ . ’ K ~ L O V , cenotaph, i.e. an ‘empty tomb ’ erected M -.memo of those whoae bodiw were either buried elsewhere

I

66 KWOT ANABAZIZ. OImp. IV. or not found for burial. Thnoydidea (ii. 34) mentiom ano4her similar token: of reaped,-an empty bier carried in p-on.

Xenophon, uuti? we come ta the writere d the ’ KO(U)), or ‘The word reuordqhv in intaresting U OcOurring ody in

common dialeot. ( D a k p . ) See Introd, p. -v.

pomtion in whlcr i t formerly a,’ explained b nal bpxeru 5 11. n a d &B v & m i v a h ... , ‘ehould return to the

TOÛS rp6aetp urpaqyoh, land the former generala ehould command it’ : which mey be rendered freely (M Dakyne), ‘ ehonld reaume its old pomtion under the commend of ita former enemla.‘ md x6p.v b h r ia reßular mili

hraae for retirin to poeition formerly occup~ed : harenee %guratively of ‘eufmittlng to their old officere. Pretor *es it differently ‘that the army should atart homewarde through

had prevrovly been. the coontry (or by l p d ) in the order in which (BC. r e e r ) it

b ! ~ ~ r ~ d ~ a :%e meming, ‘medicine’ or ambiious, for gdppnor

G Y-inon’ : literally h a m drunk a drug, baing in a fever’ :

fever’ ; (2) ‘from a draught he hed d y k durin a fever’ ; W Ich may menu (1) I wfen under medial treatment for

(3) ‘from fever brought on by a Pp1eon ; (4) ‘ L a n e e he had taken poison whdet in B fever, eto. He wan already ill, me above, ii. 18. Nb, a ointed became he had been Cheirieophue’ h o -

m p + w o s , ~ . vi. 36. 5 la. piwum. See note on e & r u U o ~ r , iv. 1 above.

(now) if ever a t any other time (you fonßht),’ comu!on Greek Oc paxoup. (II m nab ah, lit. ‘M being about to fight

idiom, our Fngliah to 6ght now if ewer. .

”B

5 La. M G Wh. &a ir’ t[la&p, 5 9, nota.

5 18. ~d ... mpdva~, i.e. Kar, e l m / d u n s dq, uapay-

t h e , act. ho+* (5 la), mid. Ree dranor&mt, i. 22, note.

See note on ScaTipdeu u A ~ ~ u T w ~ , 5 3 above. 5 17. wvd8d-, gen. abmol., ‘ when they came togather.’

TWOS d d TOÛ a h o p h o u (‘ For an I heard b y chance from wme 5 le. &S ydp iy6 ... . Order of worde, &S y¿p cy3 # K O U U ~

o h &ylyvm. see *€To, g 9, note.

y e l b (aûrbv) ua@u Bs mrvOeau6prov ... .

’ me’) rAdou XBh #NOUTOS (I when a ship came in yesterday’: gen. absol.) ... . h then follows irregularly, eo that the mu- .jeuce is mixture of two conetructions, (1) Bs y¿p ryh ... #Kowd ruos, KAbrdpor ... &Act ... , and (2) #y& y¿p f o w d TWOS, kt

. KACau8p~ ... p d A A e ~ ... . Thin break in the grammatical con-

. &uAoMw, ‘ I follow,’ being B grsmmatical followin , agree- rtruction in d e d Anacoluthon (dv-aKoAouOla : &coAwOla from

: careful than Xenophon. See Introd. p. uxiv. ment). Such eantenca are found even in writere fm more

¿ppoo-+, the regular title of a governor rent by Sparta to a dependent diatrict : ale0 used more generally (e.g. m V. v. 19, of governor sent to Cotyora from mother a t y Smope).

g 19. Kat 48q ~d ... , very emphatic, and things h 4 %. now reached enoh a pama that men ectnelly came to ... . p4 yqvotdvnw ... , p+ not OÛ, becanme conditional, ‘if ... .l

9 90. mwe&av, BC. na object the soldiere.’ - r 5 41. hr 9 +p+ cup+, ‘ in the etrong place.‘ 6fantnee~,’

probably pomtmg to b e headland described above, 8 3-7.

:. O Pa. JO O& b, BC. iurl, 8 . h J 7 1 being equivalent to act, ‘cried out that there waa no need. Others exp& M sec. abeol., ‘ e n d out aa if it were not neceeeery.’ 0 4 % ~ adverb. m.

d. Herod. IV. 8, T& Crrow TAS h¿ 700 Epparor repo&as p& h¿ $¿&p, eo in g 25 : lit. oxen from under a wagon’:

5, d#w*roO~rar. ‘that the marea Being under the chariot (i.e. in _’ their hamese) had dimppears’

&,mmething in thie (change),’ ‘that the change m i s t do *’ ’ d m b r 0 4 q dq, lit. ‘ on the chance that there mi ht be

mmething’ or ‘that thfre might be eome favourable token *“(W eome change) now. Cheirieophrre wm known to be -mrioue ta return to Greece. :g?!:: “ ~ k k idiom% imitated in the English of the New Testament,

5 90. 705s &vOpBwws, anticipatoq ace. “hie common

_ . ’*‘ I know thee, who thon art,” etc.

. . . -

m b a )

a.. ,

6a KTPOT ANABdZIZ. map. .m. ,. v.

fi g how the men were suffering terriblyfrom want.. . .’ k wvoq bopbou, I a n there would be e guide (for them),’

n e c e d y amb’ ; probably the +ye* is the Heraelwt (not Neon h i m u K k a u e e h. is regularly naed in thin way of a native guide, and the form of statement mggeab it.

&pnu ... rk 8 ~ o - x ~ k h n b0p See 3 d p 3)lUuu. ii. .lo, nota MXor &W, ‘and vessels beaidea,’ or ’ tao.’ 6Ahr e

Greek does not imply nimilarity in krnd our word other does.

baoty, or suppliea. 8 94. w b r r v , used dbsolutely, i.e. without object : IC.

Satrap of Phrygia Minor oi the Hellespont

p4 U& &ter &UONWXÛUIZI, to revent them from coming.’ Fot p*, . n e e R. SF, 330, 334 Jerba which imply a d F d ,have in Qreek i&om this implied neption &e expliclt by mems of p* expreeeed before the in nitive, which complet= their meaning.

V. ii. 29; a favourite and somewhat poetice $Ilnd:’ phrane of Xepophon.

g 07. b TO~S &rAo~s, under arms ’ rather then ‘ in the .amp.’ See Vocab. end v. 3. note.

5 96. W\ +hp, in Engliisa ‘ w h suddenly ... .’ 8 d d v AamLcnr. ‘through the thick b d y

CHAPTER V. g 1. bwd+pcuomv f i ’ . . . , ‘they cut ofwith e ditch (the only

mide) on which w a ~ the entrance into the place and they fenced ofwith a p a l i e the whole of it ... .’

8 9. &AV a h . See i. 28, &&bu, notee. 5 a. T¿ hAa T ~ - T S L . Mid. is indirect reflexive mid. R.

Syn. 8 190. The Greek heavy-mued soldiere, whenever they halted, immediataly piled their apeare and shields, and did not mnme them till the halt wa8 over. Even io reviewq, or ‘when bolting More .attaobg the enemy, the ordiuav

69

h g spear end shield by di pine the ahield from the left ‘ h d at eae’ of a Greek soldier WM to get rid of hin

stiaking the spear by the afipap.5 or uaupmfp, the apike n t the a m and letting it rest on tge ground againat the leg, and

lower end, in the ground. When they encemped anywhm, one or more open BJNLCW within the camp were aele~ted for piling the a m , &D to theae npeces sleo the term &h waa appked, ,which may often therefore be tmdated ‘their 8pWh8.

’ -8 4. T& hl o-rpad, ‘of the thinge in camp,’ inetead d wual e*¿ or Cu O Y ~ T O ~ ~ ~ W , a strange nee of id with gen.,

a teohnical and military term, cf. hl #poupiì, on

were d a r n e d not to follow ... . d d h r o v , impd., “ were for, leaving him behind, aa they

Introd. p. xliv. “And when they had brou ht the rear of 8 8. + o w v d ~cipamc, ‘the rear of the column.’ See

* were visib$, they roceeded to bury dl that the column tke column in a line with (or oppdte) the Ernt bedien that

E wvered ... . The ogject of thin dieponition wan to keep the

e amd to save time by doing the work methodically and + tmop together, so M to be reedy if the enemy &acked,

m thoroughly. * I O. hrrl I ... , ‘and when they had buried the first batab F the moved forwurd and again brought their NUV in a line ?+ wi& the firnt of the unburied bodiea ; and no the oontinued

wvrvqxdvm adds &*v, ‘they collected them and L.. buried them ( in e common grave).’

g 7. wpoayaydrm ... e 13v KU+V~ ‘puehing forward the ii troop to tk outside of the villep,’ i.e. ‘ to the outer edge of

5; eeh. they would not venture in. lMppay0yl ‘set to work

W.. G T¿ hr4b &TL ... , cf. drana ... hp, iii. 18 (W), note.

to burg in the same way a11 that the army covere2 ... . - .

‘MS 1 s ‘under cover of,’ ‘within reach of their b e .

- I W\ (Eat&m, EnEliah. ‘ w k n mddenlr.’ Cf. above. iv. 28.

-

IlIl I I 60. ETPOT ANABAEIE aup. v.

‘advancin in line’ (further developed in reray. ds¿ QdAqyas),

certein hiU& facing them, mersballed in line of battle ... . d 0 1 r g an$ a peering over ’ : tr. ‘ moving along and crentinq

For #&y[, E- Introd. p. xlii., xliii. fxotys d p G G V ~ A L V , with their force,’ & ‘their reapeatire

forceE. $ 8. W&, see note on i i i 18 (16), mOop+. +yu, see below, 5 21, note. lyhrcro , . . ltdd . . . , the victims were favourable et the first

attempt’ with 6yhero raAd, contrast io. 8 above. $ O. h w d f a d u b . . . Uxow *RU, to ettach to the main

body Mme ying compapie8, m order that, if there be need a t m y point, there me be troops reedy to d s t the main body .. . .’ Adxow +LKW, companies to guard the main body : cf. vaûs #fikWas, Thuc. ViÜ. 73.

the van straight et the foe, thet we may not be standing 5 10. w p o w a t d e . . . , ‘ do yon then,’ said he, ‘ lead forward

etill, now that w e r e been seen by end neen our advernsriea ;

the. wey that you beve decide% +v I?& -roh L&, and I will follow after detuchin !he hindmoat com niea in

V. iv. 10, * v dMv +y+Jovrat. Xenophon, es U E ~ , comm8nds BC. &W, lit. along the way towards ’ or against the foe.’ Cf. the mar, e poat requiring exceptional akill and activity.

he, heving detached three wmpnnka, the hindmost ones, con- s 11. & m h . . . , ‘ after this they advanced quietly, whilst

sieting sf 200 men =ch, instructed the first ( d p @ v ) to follow behind on the right, a t the distance of ebont 100 feet ; ._. the next (+p M) he set aaid: behind the centre, to follow there ; and one behind the left.

q w x o b , adj. for edv., cf. iv. 4, d#Oovor, nota myov. Note the’aat., but r m y e ú d e , 5 10. *M!,, ‘p regular of 2 M o r , 200 men. Introd.

p. xxxvlu-U.

verb of motion,. ##CrruOat; in aecond, dat. with Cxhprurr and M Sb && M 79 h, phrsee varied : in firat. MC. with

. ! r e d a t ia added explenatorily.

‘sccording to Berne,’ with nonna of multitude. d p p h , . . & d m b v m s , a common construction r a d abeurr.

NOTES. . 61

O(. Some editors take whole Greek amy,

word, ‘ the vanguard,’

8 14. &AA’ h ... , abrupt opening, aee i. 31, note. wpofev+wm ... , ‘you know that I have never introduced

‘my danger to you willimgly.’ T&. as a spb[rror does e friend or client. The Proxenus answered pretty nearly to our Consul,

%e fo n state in which he resided, not of thet which be nt, &+dent, differing however in being always a member

- e n 2 The verb ~rpo&O in senoe of introducing or pmmending one person to another, -p. for business pur- p e a , ie fairly common, e . in Demoath., Plato, etc.: in the tregic poets it often us$ them perhaps Xenophon borrowed it.

m here, in fi ative Bense ; from

dj. for adv., see d#Oowor, iv. 4, note; EO often b p e v o r , #KW, Bdoúaov with gr,

,&W, etc. 64qs ... rk &v8 e d w p , ‘reputation aeregwds (i.e.’for) war-

m e courage ’ : cf! II. d 30, d s @&v a h o h ipdpqkm, ‘ blamed &em (LB regards friendship’; and cfs T¿ 8~r~vororciuOcrc,~~.17(14). M p t d q s , not found elsewhere in Attic : see Introd. p. xliv. ” g 10. wpo(k)lolr(vwo T¿ &AI 4 p ~ d o ~ , agreea with

*&h m n a advanced, or, with =E reveraed, to watch the S understood, subj. of h m : ‘to march against the foe

bemy aa he esmils (ua) from our rear.’ For rpopaA. see note on slr rpoßoA4w, 5 25 below.

B ’ ’ ‘ 8 17. ofileu\ KIA$ kbltr, better (1) neuter, ‘hm nothing lorioua ehout it,’ lit. Iis like nothing glorious’: than (2) mssc.

tor), balancing KW~OUL, ‘ is characteristic of no honoumble +- 2. b.’ *. . lobrour, anticipatory acc., emphatic, taken up by a&ro6s, sr- bas for these fellows ... expect them ... ,’ see iv. P, ¿vOpr3rous,

,..;!?te. fta terms appears in a’ different cage in same sentence, cf. ’. . . h r h v 4@v ... qfis, for use of gen. absol.. where one of

L ii. lï, Bamov C ~ ~ O ~ ~ W T W V 8pbpo~ &+WO 70% urpartdwatr, (LB

heir pace quickened the soldiers broke into a run.’ so . . RI. ii. Ze, ipb retOo&vw, kavodr c h ì p i s ... .

..I ---=Il

82 KTPOT ANABAEIZ. OmQ. v.

5 re. T¿ Q ... pdxdu~, T¿ qdifiee whole c l e w which ia mbj. of @W ( & m ) , ‘ but that, by thun crossing it, troops. when

4 not t h en edvmtege worth graeping at‘ (m seizing)? ebout to eupge, ehonld p k a difficult ramm in their reer,

Sapmas, emphatic by @$on; might tr. “if the renult of crossing is to ... is not thin ... ?

p+ V L K ~ , not 06 beeaase hypotheticsl, a if we do not con- quer,’ ‘ except in victory we have no .. . .’

8 l@. T& &v, reletive ettrwtion for T& MAww xuplww (L l3Lawm.

h++, BC. h~, lit. ‘ how will _.. be mnmble,’ i.e. ‘ how am the lain be c d ... how can the mounteine (*&,ad, BC. h a ) wgich we t raverd , if all theme peltnab follow ne. Note c¿ p4 v u r t j u o ~ , fut. indio., ‘ unlese we do conquer.’ eonfrssted with eimple I)u .. . C#&*WWT~L. See note on iii. 12, droAoû*ra.

g 40. W, pregnant une of prep. See iii. 24,

dm ~b dum, thin use of indef. m efter a word like d u o s M very oommon in Greek.

menh of vlctune. obvot, eugariee from flight end position 8 ax. l+, .&yu from ~ W S . +va, signe from move-

of W. aftnot, me ebove, i 23, note. 8 Sa. KJ h, end he.’ T U demonehtive um of the

pm. h, common in Homer, survives in a few e ~ p r e e a i ~ n ~ in Attio prone, cf. the P1eton;o $8’ dr! ‘ end he mid ’ ; Ka1 8s and ud d, end he,’ ‘end t+ey ; and IP the oblique w e s I r @W ... I r @ ate need eometlmea for ¿ $v ... ¿ ad.

revine ... . 80 III. iv. I, e l trou ... Gr @Aayyor. du? gen. depandimg on ú, ‘et whetaver part of the

depbou (‘ would more quickly m m themmeha ’) r e p u , I ) cí e h o v *, Eng. order o f i w +p T¿ mp. ~ ~ r e r eawou dlv W .

&p+.- see Voceh. Not found in ita p b q of

aewe of deplo hg, i.e. extending from column formation ‘ nnmndmg, but U$ unwmmon in later writem in miliky

into line of murd depth, or l defiling,’ Le. merchimg off in h e file by í l e ,

5 98. & &op0 ..: , a piom phraae, a favourite with Xenophon ; ~ V O ~ S boashg. S, vi. 32

ru* cis, note.

CE+ KaTh d p y#.

NOTES. 8s

h erbole or rrxeggerated erpreasion, ueed eeveral times by . h r L T& &par, ‘at the very gaten of Hellaa,’ en elretarn

&ophm. 8 8 ß a d h wen a fevourite eastern phrase, d. I The Yublime at Conshtinople.

88 your gm e or ‘+-Act, WÜ 16 above. 5 a#. $ y e Jredicetive by its position, ‘follow Hersela

, dVopam1, ‘ cheer sach other on bar m.’ fisb =L, ‘sweet were it eurely b some brave and noble word

heerta of those among whom one fein (would be remembered).’ or deed thin dey (uûwy) to leeve t l e memory of onedf in the

Mwa and w o b f p a ? qual. eabj. of *a&cw, which is indef., for one to leave .. . . 4v ob= 6u T O ~ O L S dr, or iv ob for p,jpv

mxpcX.w redly equale p 4 p . r ) ~ Karaklsew.

k t dv Sgdv +mv av, pregnant um of pre . Cf. iii. 24, note, rup&ar ch . P r o ~ e ; ~ l y the ordinary worx of command wan “ C d &pou rh &para, ehoulder mme.

q p t v o r , ea. ¿ uaAtrrymjs, the trumpeter, “nntil the bumpeter sounded the e i g d . ” Verba which imply their own eubject, e.f hjpu&, ‘ the herald proclaimed,’ xoAlkr, ‘ a delay ocoum,’ ~ d A r ~ y & , ‘ the trumpeter mmded,’ regularly omit it.

for the charp.’ ds pp0 f Ka8hac, rpOßdAAo~r, etc., the rk wpdoA+p K-, SC. T¿ abpma, ‘having lowered them

technicel milltery terms or the poeition to which any weapon

OppOeed to praßdAAopa, 5 16 above. *poßaAo&uous, 5 I6 above, rpoßaA¿pwm T¿ hhz, I. ii. 17, etc.,

8pb ?LKW, M) &%OKW in VIL ii. ZO, of quick advance: 6 a q u d Z mta a run.’ 3, K d d V . prea!cetive, thet the position he occupied wen an

*I. dl through t in pansage. See notee on ii. 8 above.

f nhield. EW, eh., w u brnught 8“ in readinem for action. d

&cellent one. . s r - 5 90. kAlvratw, for enbj., BC. d“EAA.r)va. Note the buses

~~ ~.

IS and here ; like &Al&, I cry CXCACÛ, V. ii. 15), the war-cry ’ ¿hAaawe, dAaAd&, I cry MaAd, (the Donc fnrm IV. iii.

.. W l t h whioh they ruehed into battle:-contraet the ra rdu hymn L; 1:

84 KTPOT ANABAEIZ. amp. v., m.

or prayer befowlmttle and efter victorg end on other oncadone. &e note on hauiutaw, i. 6. : & w h , adj. for Sdv., eee d#Bovm, iv. 4, note..

poetry, in prom? only in Herod., Xen. end (leter) Pluterch. fi PI. 6arlwbfev ... , wmewhat poetical word, common in

k a d v r p v , we note on ~&~&taav, i S. g 98. &S &Up e, conaidering their small numbem :

nd’ I, ‘ oppite,’ ‘over againat,’ ‘ facing which.’ 0 80. & m & ~ w a v ph, 8- 81 .. . , ‘tired though they

were y& th determined ...I. ,This form of expression by whici, inad of a principal and e dependent c h u e , two principal cleueea m nad, ib celled Parataxie m d . b ~pecielly oommon in poetry. -na, in thie fi stive senne, in a favourite word with Xenophon, probably E u e e poetid.

b a w a ~ v m , ‘recover ooumge and etop to reet.’

only a h u t 40. %e U. l 6 sbve.

8 al, iplw 8wq, m ewiftly M though . .. .’ I, refere fo whole preceding &F, ‘ end thm fact ... .’ wpoauerpdwovm Guóupvre, fome of rp-, ‘turned +e

mm from the purmit, or ‘ tmned amde b q f m st and gsve up the purmit’

conaiethg propor& of ahielde, helmets, emour, weepone, + ~ L O Y , 8 tro by, monument of enemy’e defeat (rpomj),

taken from the enemy end hung upon upright pte or trees. It WUE dedicated to L3r T ~ O T ~ O S end became aecred and invíoleble. To permit m enemy to eet up euch L trophy on the field of battle wm e d d n of defat.

rwp W-l%. NOTES.

0 a. K ~ T ~ ~ W L , opb. of i n d d freqnenq.

w a w v , received,’ ‘ got,’ ‘appropriated ’ &&b. opt. of indef. frequency. t8ofwI ‘it wea voted ta b r ’

FrVOr, ‘&8yed m h =b.’

to land. n this nenee the mid. ie more common, but cf. 0 a. n , T uned ehl. without object, m. va¡%, ‘put in

ma~o~p, V. i. 11.

the lece inh e cltp. TO- is an Ionio word used for the 0 4. mX&r T& &SP$W,‘WBII colonizing the piece,' or c tu-

mg& Attio d&~. It ia found in Homer, Herodotus, ’ Herid, and lete writem, e.g. Sbbo, Plutsrch, Appian, etc.

hie friendahi 80 IV. ii. 3, 3)v #&L Laßdwar *ph 7¿ apelov &TL Mor m e s , in Eng. ‘what they muet do to .pin

¿rg.rrPrv, w&b they murt croee to aecend the steep ground.’ 5 6. ah T¿ +OS, eee iv. 5 above, g bill country,’ ‘upland.’ dmoQms 1.4 *&&v, ‘in their apprehension that they

kodd be d rived of them.’ &VG takea conetr, of e verb of

appointed to oommend the firnt penteconter tLt the Cfreeke 8s haCBPO, facta given in V. i. 16. Dexi pus hed been

lleeured from Trspews, but he tre8chemu8ly went off with it.

.. biu, the aperten h i d , end in tbie cbspter how he eeta In VI. i. 32 we are told how he traduced Xenophon to ansXi-

’ Cleander learnß the truth about him from A h : in V. i. Clemder qminat the Greek army end Xenophon, end how

15 how, hevinp become involved in nome m e d r n g in Thrace * et the court of Sentbee, he wsn put to death by Nicender, the

8 6; T¿U &pmígovm, note the prwent, ‘the men,who tried

5 7. qya, <tried to b g him off.’ Note the tenam P1

:? ml . . . , ‘for indeed the F who waa being dragged off

krnKaMvms, generally ¿ O ~ O K ~ & V of calling by B bad n-e.

‘ahouting out “You traitor, you tmitor,”’ cf. Xen. W. 111. . . d v ..poWrqv, force of article ie the wdt knoron traitor ’: trand.

fi 4, ¿uanaAoûms 7¿9 ei-epy&qu, r¿u dw8pa 7b dyaedv.

fearing, e e e x Sm no.

Q apartan. to.. . , for attempt waa not w d u l , ‘ the culprit.

S, eughthis-. +- [.. ww 8 member of hie aompany.

K a i 8’ W-, I and even Cleander begm ta .. . ,’ note imperfect : so i~hAvor, next neotion, ‘tried to ... .’ nothing,’ ‘the diaturbance meant nothiig,’ mbj., dlb

5 8. bn O&& dq +y* p cc n’&mit &ta; ’that it w u

pred. *dab, sec. and inf. after aCTrw, ‘wna the C8me

that ... ; it f d s under the chas of infini$!en which 8re ndded b d&e or explain : nee Index. under Infinitive.’

g O. 3r mkphus, ‘an M g public ene.mie8.’

Page m-al. , NOTES. 67

Mœ, note p n t , the fashion of.’

hi% =&der Lo judge (or for judgment),’ ph added ... , ’that he (sa roh) ought to surremder

arplenstorily. &W\ 8( ... , 8 cornmoll U M Of 6L in 8pOdO8iS, @Vhg emphesis

FP? where there ie 8 certain antitheme between pmtgsis and In tmdation omit it, or tr. by ‘yet,’ ‘after

surrender mynep to Cleander to iry me and do with me what- ; ever he wiahes. . d f o w & . .. (kror, ‘go in aefety to.’ Pregnant : nee uoe4.a

! optative (of prayer). E&, 5 23 below. Note change from imperSt. roAep&c to ’ of youraelren wh????+v a M v , ‘partitive genitive,’ dep. on b8pm or Twas nndemtood the mteoedent of drmes.

p m e d by Agaaia~.’ g 19. b ¿+a+ bJ)p h¿ ‘Apolov, ‘the men who had been

5 PO. h(hcwi W ,. . , ‘ they requast you, if you 6nd fault with dl, to yournelf judge (them all) and deal with them in

individual, or two of them, or even eeveral, they expect these whetever way you lease; or, if yon 6nd f8ult with 8 ßingle

to murrender themselves to you for judgment. If therefore . . . .’ beet mpre~ants it. kh, reqneated at time they ment us ; t h e Eng. p m . tenae

‘reacued t s man from Dexi pun, when carryiyhim off ... .’ 8 al. T d w , with gen. of pernon robbed and WC.,

Contrast dtpcrA¿p~r, $14, w i d ace. of person rob ed. atpk ... . COMtz. is &a d l & r ~ w , d p e e h ... , KU^

$oeen .. . , both ran away and betrayed . . . .’ Partmip. conetr. d+o6+a KJ upo6bvm ... . I know that Dexippue, when

*. 5 aa. 4s ... , rehtive nth8Cted from Bcc. into caee of

i 8 18. W p h V l b . m b q - eqI ldS NpbCU Kd, rOb%Ut, ‘I fi

O-UPßw- -. . ‘select and send with me certain

dter ona.

. autecedent.

=F adverbial BCG. Cf. Xen. Cyrup. V. iv. 11, T¿ h’ 41141 ‘6, (D&yns.) d hi m%, ‘ 88 f a r a8 depended upon him,’

O f x o p 1 , Tb 6& h l U01 UiUWupaL.

68 KTPOT ANABAZIZ. map. VI.

ru* and rc5mer k m , vi 18. wdfpa~ rk ... , pregnmt um of prep., nee n o b on iii. 24,

&+eAdpqv, with sin le MC., ‘robbed him (of hia prey).’ Contraet ¿qkX6pm, (1 81.

roû T& rap& rd, see note on iii. 24, uu&@ als. ’ vdpac.. . &uomívw, with pertieiple m e , ,generally with id.: be aseured ... thst you are kdling ... . Note tame, prea. not fut.

tence : verb, most1 imply‘ neces- g 98. va, m mual without b in a d. of cond. sen-

dty, pFpriety! obligation, anz thefke , are e m p l o g in the apados~s of thm form [of cond. mentence, vie. pra . end pant, non.fulfilment] without b, e.g. @EL, &v, rpo+av, &f i , dUv T’ C, and verb& in - T ~ V with qv.” R &m 282. ’ dpe reverts to Or. Rect., frequent ohange in Qreek. + 8 #web, ‘ob& hi8 deserta’ (Dakyns.) Cf.

*Y 8-31. v. 30, ‘ he haa got him deeerts.’ Q 91. d&d m 6ydm: ‘that it is for doing aaythiog

wrong that I wn arrested. da. ie emphetic; note the P=t.

their booty . . . . ’ g Ob. T¿ *... , ‘might get hie &are and prererve

hence the famous ordimcm of L curgas et Sparta were -v, m verba& c o v ~ m ! , mmmt&n lmw, Doric word :

celled MP. Here used for the or& &pz. , g 90. ow-, act, ‘advid them,’ see b a n w a r a t , i 22, note. ’ mpampophuq .. . , (men) to inbrcede for.. . .’ jest of 6oeat. When the prinoi al verb on which the inf.

8 ao. ++am, agreeing with ahks understood, the sub-

depends governs e dab., and t i e subject of the inf. is omitted bemuse it refers to the same person or thii aa the dat., thep the prticipla, adjectives, etc., which quaby this omitted subject may be either in the det. or the MC.

of the claseic period to Xenophon, EM Introd p. u r i v . 5 al. ramrr ívev, non-Attic word, conhed in the pmae

4 89. d v W@ hob, EW v. 23, note.

94. T& d, pregnant UEE Of p-. for d X X O S TIS

4 t ‘ . ! Fago a l m . NOTES. 69

’’ 8 aa. &&mor, plur., ‘&h clam,’ viz., Dexippus snd hia sort, A+ and his sort. Cf. iv. 9, ~ ~ U T O U S .

i.e. Castor and Pollux, Spartan oath : the Attic val T& e& a4. vat ld m.&, Lsconian for Bed, by the twin goda,’

meant Demeter and Persephone.

m er thmn (as Pretor) out of your troublea. So in Q 36. $y+ropw, ‘I will leacl you &-th,’ i.e. out of this country,

b hear about Borne of you, that ... .’ + & v ìvb, togdher. &P&L t b í v ... , ‘ ere different from (the tala) which I used

Some editom, however, take Jvlwv with dxowv, I nsed to

5 a6. &L, poetical word, see Introd. p. xxxiv. : h W = ylyw-rar, ‘the sacred eigne are not forthcornln to me, to lead

forth’ (dl-, see & ( ~ o p u r , g 34, note). %e inf. &iyerv r,psxegetic or explmatorp. For kppb TEXL~EL, see tphrmo, iv.

h- about YOU fimn certain &e ... .

kdm, i.e. to By~antium g 87. &a0ipvo~, better ‘having d+d of’ (lit. set out

for d e ) , a common sense of mid. m Xenophon, than as D a k p ‘having made divieion of.’

g ae. o&&vl, neat., ‘no plunder.’ # x o v d ~ m, see i. 17, note. hm& ie regular word for turn? round quickly to elude

r 0 8 p d ~ v h-m, ‘having turned sharp round.’

n m i t or attack, ‘double back. %y this manoeuvre (sepe e hacmicheel) they caught the Bithynians, who had got with their cattle into rear of Greeks, thin- the danger past. kmh, ‘on the &th day.’ From Cdpa to Chryeopolis ’ Xp-w, modern Scutari (Torkm call it Uskddh), on * dsiatlc coapt o p p i t e Constantinople (Byzantinm), forming

now practically a suburb of that city. streb0 calls it a

~ place of im rtance y d now has a PO ulation of 35,000. The d p q (village or unwalled town), but it has always been a

~ the f e d that the Peraians used to gather there the tribute of ~ neme ‘I &Ken City in by Denia of f&tmtium derived from

A-. their subject towns; by others from Chryeee, eon of Aga- ’ memnon and Ch mie who wee buried there. See Aine-

. wan about 80 milea.

f m*, P?xavdshLk m.

II' 70 . KTPOT ILNAEAZIE. -p. VI., p. M.

87. d p KOXxq8ovhs, 'in Calchedonb,' local genitive. R. Spa.

KakxqW (or lean correctly X d q d o r h ; the former ia found on coine and in the best PBB. of Amdotus and Xeno- phqn, and other writem ; hut at an early data the latter form euperneded it), dietrict of KtzA~?&w, modern &digo& in Bithynia, opposite Bymntium, colonined from M y r a , 676 111 , B.O., for a mg time the mont importent frontier ortrere of the Peraim kingdom.

VOCABULARY.

l

. .

72 KTPOT ANABAZIZ.

d m , a, W , 9 , guilty of, muse of, wit g p ; at'rros T O h W vi 15 in thde p z p : TLVM atr., i. ZO, i. 28, the

some b l d g . (wo), v. &P. W. ;

alrdaop+ etc. [ahfa, fSalt],

bleme. I allege M the cam, aocume,

ah6 (€W), v. a., +ow, alr&w, e t c reg., I MIS for, demand ; M e a c e . , ii. 4; d I a& for, beg, obtain by requemt. *a: bken by the

01, a 4 Calw4,

w r , captive. go% T& a l r ~ A ~ w v , i 4, Mune of the oaptured cattle.

hitherto engaged, fresh, v. 9. dermed : of rsoopl, not

b-rívEiivoq, W , *., without dan r ; drwlw&narov, v. ZS, the Lt dmgerous course.

hcowQœ, v. R [&W, javelin], I hurl a javelim. h19 d, W-. ia*l. a lave III thrower. 8ee

8 U h l ' (W ineknment) Of

hipuos, W, O#., unmired :

Inlzod., p. XL

.&dKm, ~ K O W ~ O -

p u , I heer, listen to, a. or gen. ; heer from, gn 00s h l w v * o w , vi. 34, (talea) which I heard from mme.

bp, ou, T¿, hbhest point, hei ht ; 76 brp, iii.116, the hie% top (of the hilb).

bb, V. a, ¿K06UOw, qKOUUa,

VOCABUL

v. a, @tua, I gather ther : Pm., assemble.

&v., a t another t h e . 1 wore Ka1 -6, iv. 12, now K ever.

ARY. 13

UAœs, a&. [aXXos], in another way ; M A W S *WS, iv. 2, in any other way ; OPK Ilv dMwr &$q yeuhBat, vi. 10, he said i t could not be otherwise, i.e. it must be m... .

apu, &v., at once, a t the &ne time, simultaneously; ¿pu 6 *&I, at daybreak, v. 1, iii. 6. With prtàciplea, $p r o ~ u d p v o c d p í x o v ~ o , iii. S, fought whilst advancing, kept up a running 5ght ; p l v ... Spa U, both ... and ... at once ... end .. .

m, OUJ *B vine. l A p r p ~ ~ c , a@. , belonging

of Northern Qreece), Am- to Ambracia (district on west

braoiot, iv. 13. %.m. with ace. [&@W,

mbi-1, on both aida of, about, of place, time, m number; d dw &V+VT+

ü ì 24, Xenophon and hm troops ; 76 k W & E t ~ O Y , vi. 1, the confined them- selves to t L own mcems. Cq€l¿v ¿Ml ro$Tov T b xp6vov, iii. 25, pretty nearly about thin time.

VOCABU

dd&, ¿, a man. L i k e

h p., deserving of, v i a, QI, a@., worthy. 6

@QI dprduu, V. 18, (m d

'LARY. 7s

dvastage) worth aeizing; + duau reîpar, vi. 33, seaigu (to each) his due.

q6 (ou) , v. a, I think worthy, right; I expect, claim, de- mmd.

%Xiateem. aros, rd, reputation ;

bra-, v. a., I bring back news, report: umwer (a demand).

&W-+, v. a., I T off, convey away, dnve off.

vi. 1. Yid. , remove (their families),

b.rr-oxxdm, v. a. and R., I set free. Mid. and Pass., I take my departure, take leave of them, ii. 16; drahyels o-rprciìs, ii. 16, being quit of the expedition.

kw-wdm, v. n., +W, I meet, confront, encounter, ofim in hostile senec, gm..m& with &t.

K*, aua, i, adj. [dpa, râr], dl together, one and ell.

lw-qu, [elpl, I am], I am away from : dreo-rar, vi. 10, he will a k u t himself.

lw-qu, v. n. Cap, I shall go], +a, I M going or ahall go away, go back, retire,retreat.

note, retarn to their former m d &au drttvar, iv. 11,

@tion. i*-rlprm, I am weary, tired.

rw-ehbm, v. a.' I dnve off. As pl: of dr-ay+.

76 KTPOT ANABAZIZ.

áw-Epxopab, v. n., I go back, go away, set off, retire, with- draw ; àrepx. xwpls, vi. 2, go off apart.

áw-r-Cxo, v. n., I am distant from. Mid., I hold aloof from, decline (commander- ship). à s q . f i s 'EAXdr8or, vi.

Greece. 14, to be exclude(! from

àw+av, imper$ HEW. ámol8 (EO) , v. n. I distrust ; I

disobey, refuse obedience to, am disloyal to, vi. 13, note.

Lw¿, prep with pen. [Lat. ab], from, away from, of place or time. ¿H¿ roû alrropd.rou, iv. 18, by chance; cúOùs dg' Caripar, iii. 23, immediately after sunset.

àwo-palvu, v. n., I disembark. ám-páAAo, v. a., I throw away,

lose. á~O-8t[KVUpb, v. a., I point out,

show forth ; I introduce, vi. 4.

áwo-IEXopaL, v. dep., I receive from, accept.

& ~ O - G L ~ ~ L U K ~ , v. II . , -8p¿uopac,

from. With W C . , iv. 8. -&par, I run away, I escape

á m S l l q ~ ~ , v. a., I give back. ¿w0-6palqpw, 1 plur. aor. opt.

à r o - l ~ 8 p p d ~ ~ w , run away. áwo-Ov{uKr, v. n., -Oavoûpar,

-76Ov9rra, -IOavov, I die, am killed, am put to death.

~~WOLKOS, ou, 6, colonist, i. 15.

~wOLKoS,oU,~(Sc.s66XlS),aCOlOUy, ii. 1.

from. ~ T O - K ~ & O ~ ~ L , v. dep., oùpar, I

reply, answer. ùwo-mlvo, v. a. , -KT&, -CKrcrua,

to death. - É K T ~ Y O Y , -CK.rova, I kill, put

áwo-KTíwüpL, I I . a. , in p e r . a d imperf., L kill, put to dcatb.

àwo-rœkúo, v. a., I hindcr from.

ùwo-Adlw, v. a., I leave, leavc in lurch, desert ; p+ àroXeí- scuOar CpGv, not to be left behind by' (be far behind) you ; àrdrr6vras &S SXCO~OV, v. 11, at a distance of about a plethrmn.

ádMüpL, U. a., -OX&, -dXcua,

utterly ; mid. and 2 pqf., -bXwAa, I perish, am ruined.

áwo-Ab, v. a. , 1 loose from ; &H. ùpas rljs aidas, VI. 15, I absolve you from hlxnle ;

would be absolved. ~ ~ O A E A U ~ ! V O [ d i p , vi. 16, you

áwo+ú opab, v. n., I fi@t f r o m 3 fight off from, decline, refuse, ii. 6.

ùwo-Ala , v. S., -sAcúuopar, e k , I sail away, sail back again.

á m p l q as, 9, difficulty, per- plexity, despair, distress.

(Lmopos, OY, adj. [b-sbpos, path], impracticable, impomsible.

hwO-Kkdr, 11. a., 1 Shut Out

-ohhkKa, -wX6p9w, 1 dCStrOy

VOCABULARY. 77

ámp& (cw), v. n., I am in wumt in ditficulties ; fail ill finding, with gen., i. 11 ; mid., I atr in despair, perplexity.

adj., broken off, abrupt: steep ; r h p a às., iv. 3, rock) precipice.

ùwo-uKtSávvüpL, - $ m , v. a., l scettcr abroad ; 703s ~ T O U K C .

Baurup4uous,i. 1, thestragglers. á w o - m u p 8 (ow) , v . a., I fencc

off with a palisade, v. 1, áwo-msp8 (cw) , v. a., I rob of;

&Opphe, GYOS [dHOp&UUpt],

àHE~Ep~KapEv, double ace., vi. 23.

áwo-m+p&, v. a., I fence ofl with a ditch (rágpos), v. 1.

àw+íryr, v. n., I fly away, escape, retreat.

áwo-xœpB ( m ) , v. 71., I go away from, retreat from.

+dOüpos, ou, 4., not eager, backward.

apa, illative particle, then, M- cortlingly, as i t seems, a c h - ally, after d l : oflell ironical: E ~ K ~ T W S 6 p , iv. 18, naturally enough.

&pä, intemg. v t i e l e (strength- enerlJorm of dpa), intmdwing a qwrtion, the annwer to which ix not implied, Lat. -ne. dpa p+ ezpeets the answer no,

yes, L&. nonne, is not ... ? Lat. num; dpa OÚ, the answer

6,p.ptTfi, +S, 3 [cf. LUTO TOS, Oiplwv],

neee. virtue, bravery, merit, good-

"I

'ApqSlrv, Arexion, Arcadian seer, iv. 13, v. 2.

ápercrrcpds, d , 6 v , left. Cu dpu- repi, on the left hand.

B p ~ m o v , ou,. 76, or ig id l y (Homeric tamea) the morning meal, breakfast, t a h a at srmrisa ; later ( TlmeydidrA) the midday meal, our lunch, E'r. déjeuner, Lat . prandium, thesarly hreakjmt 11ci1y called dh-pánupa.

b p r m 8 (aw), W. n. [ + w ~ o u , breakfaat], -+m, +pluVaa, + p í u r ~ ~ a , I breakfast ; +pru79- h a s , v. 21, after a good breakfast.

'Apwás, daos, ò, an Arcadian, a native of 'ApKa8la, a diatrict in the centre of the Pelopon- nese.

i p ~ 8 (cw) , v. n., I suffice, am sufficient, enough. +K.

cbqlav, i. 4, sufíiciently plentiful feast. ¿+K. uka , ïv. 6, tigs in abundance.

App+q, Harmene, i. 15, Ilote.

hppocr+, OÛ,;, a harmost, (Spar- tan) governor, iv. 18, note.

hpdtr, 7). n., 1 seize, snatch up, plunder, loot.

i p x 4 , ;is, 3, beginning, rule, satrapy, ofice, generalship, command. àp. 705 rau&, ii. IS, absolute authority.

Ypxo, v. a. with gen. Act. only, I rule, command, hold sway

undertake command of. Act. over, am chief of, lord over,

78 KTPOT ANABAEIZ.

alld middle, I begin, I set an examplc of. ¿p[ápwos ¿S¿ . . . , ii. 18, setting otFfrom. $ p ~ e r o

Ilote, was tirst appointed to joint command of ... .

d l p p v , OVTOS, 6, (part. .fr. dpxw m subat.),& ruler, commander, general. ¿PX. eúrortpárwp, i. 21, commander-in-chief.

àd8svQ (CO), 17. n., I am weak, sick, in ill hcaltl~.

'Ada, Q, Asia. e p g q 4 ( v r i 'A., Asietic Thrace, iv. 1.

'Arrvaios, ov, adj., of Asine, iv.

Laconia or of Messenia. 11, town either on coast of

~UKÓS, OÛ, 6, a leathern hac, mostly of goat skirr., yelLerully used M a wine skin.

d l u p ~ v o s , q , OP, adj. [ 4 a o p r ] ,

á o d ~ o p a L , v. dep. , I welcome;

id T¿ uuvrrLpEAeh%L, i. 22,

glad, pleased, gladly.

I embrace, kiss. faOS, Q, shield.

àrgMfis, i s , adj., safe, assured. á-r~~Qs,acla.,safely,insafety,

n~~molested, in all security. à T U O S , O V , LU.& [ O ~ T T O ] , un-

buried. &m, see under Gure. as, adv., again, on the other hand, in its turn.

a3Ors, adu., egain, mother time. a-jAlgoprirr, V. n. [ Q Ú A ~ , court.

yard], military, I encamp.

.+Ads, OÛ, 6, pipe, flute : .see i. 11, Ilote. sp¿s QINV, i. 5, to the sound of the pipe.

rÙAQ ( E W ) , v. II. and a., I play on the pipe or tlute. Pans., QÙAOLÍ~EVOL, being played to, i. 11, note.

r ~ p w v , a h . , to-morrow. riì d p . (SC. +p&), next morning.

LÙTLKQ, adv., immediately, pre. sently. aúrka p d X ~ , ii. 5, a t once.

rho-lcpárrup, opos, adj., one's

21, commander-in-chief. own mnater. dpxwv d m . , i.

rh&pämr, 7, ov, ad j . , acting of oneself. d d r o û ahopáTou, iv. 18, without spccislly seek- ing it, by chance.

167óS, 4, b or bv, drnz. p o n . : in nom. rejexive, self : in other ca.qex, him, her, it. QÙT¿S àXeEdds , vi. 9, peraonally allnoyed. r e p ì QÚTOÛ r o h o u Ofidat, iv. 17, sacrificed

ò a h ò s or a+&, the same : obout this particular point.

arrived at the same place. rio raúrbv d$lrrovro, iii. 24,

with united forces. r7js Eis EIE T Q ~ Ò V ihb%PrQo, iii. 17,

T Q Ù T ~ V uuvbSou, their meeting. ah& b âvqp or 6 b p p a h i s , the Inan himsclf. if QI'TDU T& X E L ~ B V , iii. 4, from theif very hands. h' Q Ú T ~ r g Odárrg, on the very shore of the sea. A d r . a h û , in this very place, here, there.

VOCARULARY. 79

a+xfiv. iuos, 6, neck, of a prc nzontory, iv. 3.

á+-arpQ (CO), pl. a., see ~ i p 6 , take away, withdraw. Mid. l take away for myself, rescue. 6 ¿ØarpcOcis àv$p, vi

pevos, VI. 10, the man w111 19, the rescued m m . 6 &$CAÓ

rescued (the prisoller). ÒK voûvrco p? àØarpetJCîw, vi. 5 fearing that thcy would bc deprived of them.

@00vïa, QS, Q, abundance TOAX+ r¿urwv àg., vi. 3 ample abundance of supplie8 of all sorts.

U+Oovos, O P , adj., without envy

note. abundant, plentiful, iv. 4,

away, release, set free. á+lKUOûpr (CO), I I . d q . , - & J ~ Q L ,

-1~6pqu, -+pal, I arrive at, corne to, reach.

iclwqpr, I - . (nee h q p r ) , Tram. ten.crew, I make to stand apart.

withdraw allegiance of (OT ¿$IUTQTC, vi. 34, you t ry t o

temes,I remove(myse1f)from. alienate) the army. Rtr.

d+oSos, ou, Q, departure, re- treat.

' A x a d s , ai, bv, m?i., Achaean, belonging to Acllaea, dintll'ct in north of Peloponnese, ii. 7, ii. 4, v. 11.

'AXEPOUUL~S. dSos, .Am.. nn'j., 4

tian or Acherusian Cheraon- 'AX. X~ppdvquos , thc Acheron-

ese, ii. 2, note.

*-+L, v. a., +W, etc., I scncl

ßábp, d~., Btep by step, a t a steady pace, slow march.

in depth, ii. 2. ß a h , v. IL., ß+sOpQl, !@v,

í34uw and €ßqua (transotaae, poetic&, make to go), ßE&KQ, ß'!ßQpQL, ißBdBqV, 1 welk, go.

ßdeos, Oos, depth. p.,

ßá&O, '?J. b., ßde, €ß&v, ß i P A w , ß4%par, lßA4@?v1 I throw, hurl (javelin, stonc, etc.), pelt with stones, stone.

ßau'ix&, Cws, 6, king. With- out nrtiek, theKingof Persia, the Great King.

ß A . r h v , ov, adj. a x e d ax romp. of dyaObo, better, braver.

ßla, QS, +, bodily strength, force. ßlq Táuxerv, vi. 25, suffer violence.

BLaros. Q, OP, adj., violent. lIXAou rrv¿s Braiou, vi. 15, any other sort of violence.

B ~ h o l , Bv, ol, ßithynians, na- tiyes of Rithynia, di.qtrict in nmtlh of Asia Afinor, ii. 17,etc.

%os, ou, d, life, livelihood. ßíou uráver , iv. 8, from want of suhsistence.

rescue ; with dat., I go to

of, go forth to aid. assistance of, hasten to Pacue

3oqOG ( E W ) , V . II.., I advance to

K

R0

ßwhnir, v. a. , I plan, devise, counsel ; mid., 1 take counsel with myself, deliberate, con- sult with or upon, consider, resolve p

ßoUAq, i s , +, counsel, council : ~ O U A ~ ~ S &&V, v. 13, worth discussing.

ßoúhopm, v. n., ßovA%oW, i,%ddeqV, ßepoúxqpm'. I am willing, wish. T¿V ~ O U X ~ P E V O V , iv. 15, anyone who wished. ( p o ú A o p [ , I am willing, W h w , I wish, desire).

ßO%, OÛ, ò a d +, ox, COW. BODS T & aixpahhTwv, I. 4, some 01 the captured cattle.

BU[&VTWV, ou, 76, Byzantium, mod. Constantinople, iv. 18.

yhp, conj., for, since. &AX& .. yàp, but (it is so) for, i.e but indeed. ~d ... ydp, an( (it is so) for, i.e. and indeed

ye, enditic partide e m p h d i s ! quord it fdlms, a t least, a any rete, bud oflen but rep-e rrented by emphasis of voice O position. 6C YE, yes but ... ci 64 ye, the ۓC YE emphaaizc t k antithesis. 03% YE, n nor. YE p j v , at any rat1 however (adversative force Ka1 . . . YE (with word betwee7 yes . . . and.

ydotos, a, OV, adj., ridiculous ytpdvrrov, ou, 76 [demin. 4

ytpwvl, little old man, starv ling old man, iii. 2 2 .

yi+upa, as, +, a bridge-

NtO6qs, E S , ad j , [yí¡, c ~ ~ o s ] , earth- like : iv. B, with loamy soll. ri, Gr, +, land, earth, soil ; rapà

y+, ii. 1, along the coast. flyyopar, v. n. , yev+uopar, Y+-

vqpr , y6yova (I am), Z ~ C V ~ P V , I am born, I becomc ; I an), take place. 06s Z Y ~ ~ V E T ~ iapd, vi. 36, etc., the sacred signs were not forthcominK. p$ ytyvopt+wv T& iepGv, IV. 19, if the sacred signs were not forthcoming. 7¿ y c y c v q p ~ v o ~ , iii. 23, what had happened. Tà yryubpeva, v. 30, what Wil,s going on, the scene. TOLS

yVyevq@Ots, ii. 14, at the turn thmgs had taken.

, L ~ ~ & U K W , v. a., yvhsopt,

vhue,,v, I perceive, learn, understand. 01170 yryVhUKC1, (the army) is of this opinion, i. 19.

p&q, VS, 4, mind, judgment, ophion, purpose, inclination.

inhlspresenttemper(towards &WS zxwv +$V yvd+qv, vi. 12,

us). y?, particle [ye, o tv] , restrict-

MI.^ with illative force, a t least

€yvwKa, t -pwv, fyvwupr , h-

yvpvfl.nls, 0% 6, 07 yupvvqs, í¡TOS [yupv¿s, bare, unarmed], a light armed foot soldier. Sec Introd. p. xl.

YOCARUTARS. SI

AapSavvtús, hws, 6, e m m a

N . V. of Asia Minor, i. 32. Dardanus, t o m h P'road

68uús, Ca. ú, a4j., shaggy, thicl

grown with bush, trees. with hair: iv. 27, thick11

U, con.., hut, and, now. p h ... 82 ... , ou the one hand.. , 0 1 theotherhand ..., whereas.. yet . . . , but O J ? ~ the plu i,

but. Ka1 ... 6& (with worc best 7kIl~TaniP~atCd. 66 YE, ye'

also, and indeed. 8' 0tuv,

bebocen), but further, mi

however that might be. ad, i n apodosis, vi. 16, note.

USorKa or SWm, v . a., m r .

only in 1st perr., Epic.] CGerua, I fear. [Preu. 6d6cr

6tî, U. impers., [ f rom %W, I bind],kl)ucr, h84quc,prea.part.

necessary, right. O ~ K O U V 6ri, 6 4 0 ~ ~ it is binding on mc.

vi. 14, we ought not then .. . . With gen., there is need of.

S C L K V Ü ~ , v. a . , &¿[W, etc., T point out, show.

66&s, 4, 6v, adj . , cowardly. 6trv¿s, 4, 6v, adj . , terrible,

dreadful, intolerable. k r v b fi&I&w, iv. 2, cruelly ill-

they looked on it as strange treat. Gerv& ~ ~ O L O Û V T O , i. 11,

that .._. StrvOr, adv., terribly. &S ElXw

suffered. 8., iv. 23, how cruelly they

Strmo-aoroûpar (CO), I:. mit/., I dine, sup, aee &ITV&

S a m & ( m ) , e.. n. reg., I cat dinner, supper. [ T ¿ 6eRvov 1 1 m the principal meal of the

ROO7E, later i7~ the ecening, see day, eaten IL earty dais nt

dplU70V.l 6rluavrfs, aor. part . , WSorKa. h a , numeral, ten. bth+ol, Gv, iii. 6, Delphi, Ore

oracle oj. Aplla at filot of X t . P a ~ ~ a s r z l x in Phor,ix.

6 4 ¿ s , d , 6w, adj. [Lat . dexter, cf: index, ~ E I K V U ~ ] , on the right hand or side. i d 6&à E L U ~ A ~ O V T L , iv. 1, towards the right as one soils in . . , . T ¿

6 ~ [ t b v , the right wing, v. 28. i¿.&mos. à, Dexippus, i. 32,

note, vi. 5, note. iiopar, e.. dep., 8ec %W (2). SE+

uopar, P6E48qv, I need, p . O/' thing ; I beg, request, lm- plore, entreat, get&. of person.

make this request of you. Skvraí uou TO^, vi. 33, they

el rr 8iotu&, i. 26, require anything.

GPO, adv. , hither. txopcrr, v. dep. a., I accept, welcome, invite, receive ;

corned them to a hospitable Cri { h a ~ V X O V T O , i. 3, wel-

withstand, grapple with. banquet; (m2itm-y) wait for,

6, V. n. I ~uw, #¡qua, 6h6fKa,

bind, fasten, tether, tie up. 6&epar, I8iOqv, Schjuopar, I

82 KTPOT ANABAZIZ.

B ~ - U b v 6 Ü v & , v. h., I RUL dl risks, make deeperate at- tempt, run the puntlet.

~ u L - u ~ ~ w , U. a, I neperate, diatingoieh, I decide.

Gra-Myop~, v. TZ., I talk, con- verse with, parley about.

Gra-voo- (eo), V. &p., +&O- WL, -evd&r.l - v & ~ L , I am minded, intend, I rehot on. T U ~ L ~ L W O Q & ~ O , i 19, they werecontempLstingtph.

S ~ a - w 3 n h , U. a, I carry h a .

m througb. Mi . and PS., I pee across

~UL-+TW, v. a., I do thorough- ly; I accomplish, achieve. Mid., I bring about. carry out, I bargain for; prooore.

6 ~ ~ - m ( p o , v. a., am. p 8 . I w d p r l v , v. 28, I seatter a h n t .

b - d a f m , v. a., I aave thorough- ly, keep d e .

S*-~~IJU, v. a., I p h =p ere y. Mid., dupome of, 'mt out for d e , arrange.

6uwrpï#4, Qs, B [8~a4&%1, weer-

r i b.,i. 1,whilst waiting here. h g away of tinie, rby. CV

l 6 4 a v B 9 , d u . , clearly. 6 4 + , U. TL, I ecape ; v.a.,

mth ?C., escape from. 6u~-+Odpm, 'v. a., I deatMy

utterly, I mer, spoil. S&&*œ, v. d , &8$&, t N W a ,

8e818äxa, bdlbaypu, 1LWr &Ir, atZid&utr, I .tesch, in-

VOCABU

Bfualor, a, W , e., just. L -

, mrodrom elva , i. 3, had the beat right to be present.

Mum, U. Q.. I pursue, give L . ahane. advance quickly, v. 25. , W, aros, Tb [ ~ o K G ] , a decree,

' resolution. 8. r o t o û , IV. I

'I JARY. 83

they were all in favour of.

7-3 JeJoypCYa, ii. 7, the m l u - &&, i. 14, it WBB determined.

tions. rb 8dE.u ru' Èv1 ._. , i. 18, what w u approved of by one single man. ' qs, +,-expectatictn, opinion,

bphnov, ou, rd [demin. of Mpu], glory, reputation.

small apeer. up, i o s , W aopbs, rd, spear. Apaxdvnoo, d, Dracontios, a

Spertan, vi. 30. 6pdp9, ou, ¿, runnin race.

8 p 6 w , a t B run, at fufí speed.

8 b q p u , t8uu?)Bqv, I am able, I can. Ss C8dvamo K ~ A X C U Z ~ , i. 11, asmagnificently esthep conld. Ss t b L a ~ o deîura, iii. 20, BB many 8% poaible.

have the power, i.e. all I can. h o u 8wdpqv, i. 2.9, where I

Ghcyur, rus, 4, power; force.

ii. 10, contributing not a pgedtw 8kapu rapqo&ous,

single soldier.

%cbpur, v. dep., b U W ~ O ~ L , br-

I b or or dv, umj., if haply, if s o k that, if, with mbj.

ahoû, re&. pron. 3rdper8., of himself, herself, itself. ,

kvr00, fis, Oû, or a h 0 , ab-ijs,

m a4 KTPOT ABABAZIZ. VOCABULARY.

iwrlpœOcv, on eaoh or either side ; on either flank. &ad- pœem ~ M W W V , iv. 3, IYI one E ~ S - from either d i d o n .

88

from ; OE the

kr*ßw~& (au), v. n., I tumble headlong out of; I tarn 8 lrornersault ont of, i. 9. , h $red% qpbo L, a v. h?' Mdaph. I wind damny, deploy, deme, v. 22,

(K-wkrro, v. n., I fall out, I am . driven out from, I am eaet

anhore by shi', iv. 2.

note N~n-At tù d.

bmop@, U. a., I provide thoroughly or d c i e n t l y .

h m , a, W, e., on the &th

a m o s , 7. W, nwn. e., aixth. du-+, v. a, I carry forth,

beer out, csp. of ewpsc. as, 3) [Attic for &h], the

olive tree; fruit of olive tree, olive, iv. 6.

dey.

h, ou, d, olive oil, vi. 1. h&œ, U. a., 613, *&a, #A+

Xam, cX4Xap+ +&U?qv, I

or dppa, etc.), I ride, drive. drive. A b d . (1) (m. l r r o ~

(2) (M. d T p a d V ) , I lead an m y , mueh d gened.

. - . - . .

86 KTPOT ANABAZIZ.

Cha+pBs, adv., lightly, lithely, with agility, i. 12.

ì M x r w o s , 7 , OU, adj. sclperl. o j CXdrrou (Æee 1IXLyos), smallest, least, fewest. &ax. 66h, iii. 16, the shortest road.

Uqdes, aor. azlbj. mid. aipG, I choose.

'EAXás, dch, 4, Hellas, Greece. " h h t p , quos, 6, a Hellene,

Greek. 'EXXqvk, h s , fem. adj., Hel-

lenic, Greek. hrlfo, v. a . , -16 , I hope, ex-

pect, apprehend. ìp-ß&, v. a., I throw in.

Intram., I rush in, enter into.

gpnÜArv, ada., backwards, yon- trariwise. r o U p r a X l u u m - arpi$avrcs, having turned sharp round.

$ - w l m , e. n., I fall, I throw myself into ; I attack.

ipmor6 (EO), v. a., T make in.

spire courage m. ,!ur. Odppm wjth a., I in.

Ip-wporOcv, a h . , before, ir front, earlier. rà È p . , iii, 14, the country in front. rd1 Èpr. xpóvou, previously, i. 18, <U TG +S. xpbvq, in past days in time past, vi. 31.

h, prep. with dab., in, on during, among. IV rodrq meanwhile. ' eu 4 s I r A o r s i. 7, under arms.

k-avslos, a, ou, adj., opposite, opposed to. oi i v . , the enemy.

I v h a , as, 4, want, lack. iv&Lwvupr, ' v . a., I point out. Nid., I display.

$-%(U, v. n., I am in want of.

want of, with gen. Partiride, Impers., Èv&î, there is necd,

Abpa ~ A ~ l o u o s ÈUSCOP, i. 31, he saw that there waa need of more.

Iv6ofos, ov, adj., of high repute, glorious ; portending glory, i. 23.

[veswa, prep with pelt., .nsllally follo~oinr~ i ts caxe, on acconnt of, for the sake of, because of.

Wa, ad7~. (1) Dcmonrtr., Lat. ibi; of place, there ; of time., thereupon, then. (2) Kela- tive, Lat. ULI ; o j plnce, where, on which ; of time, when.

YvOa-mp, see h O a , precisely OT

just where, etc. (v-&'vlr, a h . , from there, from

this point, from here. hrOúpqpa, ans, 76, device, con-

sideration, i. 21. &v-Oüpoûpar (EO), v. dep., I lay

to heart, ponder, turn over in my mind.

Ivror, at, a, adj., some. hrlmc, a h . , sometimes. hrvoij (EO), v. a., and hrvooûpar,

v. dep., I think, conaider, reflect. O ùp& ,!uvoEîTE, i. 29,

VOCABULARY. 87

BB to your own opinion. Èv p j , i. 28, I am apprehensivt lest.

bhhros, ou, adj., with puOphs the metrical time suited t c war tunes, i. 11, Taote.

h-uKmátm, 1:. a., I get ready, equip, dress up, i. 12.

br-aûOa, adv., Lat. hic or illic here, at this place, there, hither, thither; then, there upon, at that, thereat; herein.

ivr-rûerv, adv., Lat. hinc, illinc hence, from this place, from there, thence, hence. forth, thenceforth, after. wards, after this, thereupon, theu, consequently.

Iv-ipos, ou, adj., honoured, commanding respect.

MS, du., within. With !]en.. T¿ Èurds TOÛ a b x h s , iv. 3, the

cpdXa-yyor, v. 7, under space inside the neck. lvrbr

their line. cover of or within reach of

hr-rvyxbvo, 7'. n.., with dat., I

meet with, stumble upon, chance upon, fall in with,

happen to find. Q, prep., see E'K.

gáya, v. a., I lead out: lead out the men m-an expedition.

r?f&ra, iv. 8, march out in often absd., Èc. b d rà ÈHL-

search of provisions. Q-arrG (eo), v. a., imp. È&wu,

etc., I ask, demand from. ~ c Q v q s , adv., suddenly.

)

I

i

l

I

L

t t - a v - l q p r , U. a. and n. , tram.

ildrmle. tenses, I get up, rise te7z.pee, I mhke to get up from ;

up, spring up from. I f - i w h p , ads. [softened form

of ÈSalcpuqs, d$uw, suddenly],

Attic. suddenly, iv. 26. Rare in

i f - lpxo , T. n:, I start, begin, set the fashmn of, encourage, 716th gen. or i n .

tf-erpr, v. m, $[-!a, I shall go or am going out, forth, from.

15-ipxopar, T. n., I come or go out, from, march out.

4 - r m g T. impera. [cipl, I am], it is allowed, is possible, lawful, in one's power to, one may, with dat. of person aut1 irJ

e-qyoCpar ( E O ) , v. dep., I am the leader of, lead.

q-3~0, v. a., I have reached a certain p i n t ; of time, elapse, expire.

&~KOVTE, m m . adj., sixty. Yf-oGos, ou, 4, a going out, ex.

pedition, excureion, foray. iÇ-o~rAlto, v. a., I arm thor-

a r m e z accoutred. oughl Pass., I am fully

!fa, a&., outside ; with gela.,

side of, v. 7. out of, outside; to the out-

[ O L K ~ , v. n. [root rbo], irqf EICCYQL, I am like, resemble, seem likely. &S €otKev, aa it seems, I presume.

l

00 ETPOT ANABAZIZ..

b-ad (eo),v. (~,-arvkw,-$veua, I etc., I prsiee, commend, com-

pliment, congrstnlate, thnuk. &m-+, v. a., I mime up,

elate.

return to. kr4m~U (eo), v. a., I hold out

tw e threat againat, m. ond dat. : absol., ii. 7, 'hten violence.

hrd, em$, when, after that, since. #we1 d p - r a , iii. 21, aa noon BB:

h&-6, m j . , whenever, when, M soon M.

*, q.., now that, when, mnw, a~ mon tw.

k-dp, v. R., tr-ûa, I em coming or s h d come upon, burnt upon, charge, atteck, coith dut.

hr-wm, adv., afterwards, then, next, in the next place, e r e

prep. m'th gen., dat. ani

rent on, u on; of tirne, mthc

TOS, v. 25, in line-of-battle, time of. !hm. hl @&y

trl rp+v, ii 14, 011 h r c the triremea Ir1 TOÛ r p b r o ~ Iepdou, v. 2, at the fid victim. hl TOÛ r+u, v. 8 etthefiratattempt(orvictim)

v. 4, BB guard of the thing

$W, rest near, by, et, on in camp. (2) With da¿., O,

hav-ipxopsu, v. R, I go bsolr,

long.

m., (1) with gen.. of pl-,

' @6hKa &V h l arparorrP80u

D R Y . 89

hb-dmrœ, v. R., I fall upon, pounce upon, attack,m'thdd.

hrkrowr , W , adj., toilsome ; L 23, (of omen) portending toil W suffering.

h - r r r l f o b, v. h. *cg. [aim], !&rnieh myself with food, forage, lay in snppliea.

-&&ow, ilrrm-wT. I h o w , know how to.

hrdrrm, V.O., rd&, e&., reg., I give orders to, 1 place next W beaide, I place behind. Eo in mid., attech to, v. 9.

h B-, a, W , adj., fit, une- a, suitable, neceawy. T¿ h d & m the necesder of

W, v. *.S Ilrtm&w,

h r - d q p r , v. a., I plsce upon, I set myself to, make attempt u p ; mid, I attack, dat.

h r r - r p k r , v. a, I turn over to;

mimion, order,permit, allow, entrust to, lesve to ; com-

with A t . of person and iqf (FW), U. a., I put

h to, attempt, endeavour. AcJnl+fr, W. a., -rB, de., I

put S question to the vote. C*~.l

hopo~, v. dep., ehhpvr, Cqopar, M p q v , I follow, with a. hi, n m *., wven MK~ULOL, tu, a, nuns. a+.,

seven hundred.

90 KTPOT ANABAZIZ.

Cpydfopr, v. dep., I work at. I p - y . + p u , iii. 17, achieve a deed.

Ypyov, OU, Tb, work, deed. ìppopdvos, 7 , ou [perJ. part.pasa.

~ L j u u u p , I am strong, wed aa adj.], strong, stout-hearted,

iii. G, vigorously, resolutely. vigorous. A h . , &ppopCrs,

ìpvpvós, T), ÚU, nC., fortified by art or nature, strong. T& i p u p d , strong places, for- tresses. T ¿ ;p. xoplou, iv. 21, v. 1, stronghold, fastness.

IPXO~~L, V. dep. fut. cpr, aor. ?jXOou, p . (A~XUOQ, I come, go.

&paw& (QU), v. a., fipLjrwu, Èpw- T T ) U O ~ L , etc., I ask (a ques- tion).

i d p a , QP, [ L a t . vcspera], p-operlyfem. of a&, ( U H E ~ O S . ( 1 ) SC. f f i p ~ , evening ; (2) RC.

~ U I ~ P Q U , iv. C, towards the ~Ljp'pa, the west. T ¿ r p b s

west. Er &TOS, 7 , ou, adj. [J.], fur-

Ehest, highest, worst, ex- treme, severest (penalty).

Ircpos, Q, ou, adj. F R . , (1) the one OT other of two. ¿ E T . T¿U E T . T Q ~ E L , i. 5, the one strikes the other. (2) Other than usual, different from, with gen. iv. 8.

#TL, a h . , yet, still, again, Ic - aides, further, any longer. 0611 . . . h , no longer.

h r p o s , 7 , ou, OT os, ou, adj., ready, prepared.

ETOS, OW, 76, year. d, adv., well. e t p d X ~ , i. 1,

very well, very skilfully. e t t h e , i. 29, know well, be assured.

rd-twos, OU, adj. [rhuq, girdle], well girt ; 80 active, light, nimble ; eV. of light tT00p.

rúOús, adz.., straightway, im- , mediately, without more d o . i ~ 6 ~ 9 3 s 6~6, ii. 18, straight I

from. e ~ ~ s L+' ~ m + ~ 5 , iii. 23, immediately after sunset. '

ebKXc0s, adrr., [ ~ ~ K X E T ) S , KUOS, glory], gloriously.

ebvotu, QP, fi, good will, kindly feeling.

chopos, OU, adj,, easy to travel through, easy to pass, pass- able.

or ~ O p r l r t ~ , $pou or d p o v , dPLQKO), Il. a., ElÌp*w, q l [ p l l K Q ,

T)Üpll / .LfL OT E Ü p T l p L , 7 Ù p t % 7 V OT EU$O?lU, CÙp6T)UO/L¿ZL, 1 find.

e5pos, om, Tb, breadth, width. T ¿ d p o s or d p o s , in breadth.

EGTLKTOS, adIr. [ T ~ T T O ] , re l l - arranged, with rcgulerity, with good discipline.

c í n - ú x q p , QTOS, 76, a piece of good fortune, success.

eirúXB (cm), v. n., I am success- ful. C o p . Ace. , qliúxquav TOGTO T ¿ eírrlix7p, iii. 6, they achieved this success.

dlxopar, v. dep., I pray, vow.

VOCARULARY. 91

tbaúvüpos, ou, adj. [ e t , $ U O p Q ] ,

Euphemistic for dprureppdr, lit. of good name OT omen,

the 1~4, left. T ¿ eùhuup~u, became bad men8 canre fron

v. 28, the left wing. duxLa., QS, +, feasting, feast,

entertainment, i. 4.

after m close upon the heels of, I follow in pur- suit of.

'E+os, ou, $, Ephcsus, i. 23, powerful Greek city in Ionia, on west coast of Asia Minor.

&+-Lumpg W. a. and n., tmm. tensex, I set over, I appoint, give command over, with dat. htrana. tenses, 1 stand upon,

stop, s tma by. TQWG J+- am in authority over, I halt,

placed in command of this UT+, v. 11, he had been

(diviaion). &+-op8 (do), v. a. , I look upon,

behold, live to see. (9. +Pas, iii. 17 (la), keeping UE in sight.

fxo, v. a., etxou, a.nd U X ~ U W ,

x t O ~ w , I have, hold, keep,

bear, vi. 1 ; €xicow, with, get : of land, I producc,

hplding. 8 x 0 ~ ~ ~ s TL, i. 17, VI. 38, with something in their pockets, i.e., not empty- handcd. Followed by m$, 1 can, I know how to. With admrbs intrans., ¿pOGs, KQXOS, etc., & y u , to be right,

4+-&opar, U. h p . , I follow

&TXqKQ, ZUXOW, &YX*//Ler, ÈU-

etc. etxou 6crvBs, iv. !?3, suffered terribly. I L S uûu

now stands. dxou ¿pel T& h e r , vi. 16, ae the matter

~QIJTBU, vi. 1, the busied themselves with txeir own affairs. T O X E ~ L K ~ Q T Q d~w, they acted in most hostile

clmg to, atruEgle for, with w?y. Middle, I hold to,

gen., iii. 15 (17). '&W, adv. [tos, dawn], from

morning. dawn, at dawn, in the early

B p , 3 sing. imp. òp;, I see. ~ p a ~ k a r , perj inJ òp;, I see.

os, conj., until, while, aa long m.

,€*áTIS, ou, Ò [rEÛYOS, dXQÚuw], driver of B yoke of oxen, ploullhman, i. 8.

,mvyrlAaTB (eo), v. n., I drive a yoke of oxen. Not found elsewhere.

,rÚyvüpr, v. a., &Ú[W, @$Q,

together. yoke together, join, fasten

cûyos, ous, 7 6 [rdyuup~, Lat. jugum, E n g . yoke], a yoke ; pair of beasts, team.

!eGs, Ads, ò, Zeus, son of Kronos and Rhea, king of gods and men. Z e h B Q U L X E ~ , i. 22. Zeh uwdp, v. 25.

qprB (ow), U. a., I fine, punish. B (do), v. R., Uuw, I live.

f r e ~ p a t , dJ-E~Xeqw, t h u , I

92 KTPOT ANABAZIZ.

4, conj. (1) Di.$umtive, or ; g . . . f ... , either ... or .... (2) C m - pwalivs, than, m. dvrlor . . . +) ... , vi. 34, different from.

m, in trat &I?Y , ver' y. a 3 p+, in strong asseverations W o a t h . verily and indeed, i. 31, vi. 17. ( 2 ) I n t m i w e , pray? can it be that? W merelyrepreeenlcdbyinterrog. form of ssnlm.

4, adv- (1) c

& &l. fem. of as ccccd ad adv.

in which way. 3 Tdxwra, (ec.Lb&bywhichway,where,

v. 13, in the quickeat way, ' with all sped 8 r d vdrous, v. 22, at whatever pact of the rame.

w v , ¿vos, 6, a l d e r , guide, commander, master of.

(eo), v. de -+opzc,&. , I lead, gui& command, m'th dat. of person m absd.

the front rauk, m I-. 01 + y o & t m l W d +tí/mov, p. xliv.: I think, d d e r , conclude.

pleasure, a t them e-. W, adv. [re&& to v&, ad jam

to nunc], q f e m (1) to h. d a t e post, by thii time,

, before thi, M y , before now; W (2) to i m d ì a t e @we, now, pmemtly, forth- with, immedmtely. a t OMB.

f+¶, d a . , g!ealy, with

'LARY.

Mœ, U. n., O e h o ~ r , I run. #&w hrl, v. 20, I dash against.

&Opa (ao), v. dep. a., I look at, I watch.

b+um, v. n., Bavoüpar, Mävov, r&Ovqrra, I die.

4, Thrace, ii. 18, iv. 1. B& F K ~ , ¿, a Thracian, i S,

B b X d l ~ ~ , o u , ¿,bag.pouch, iv.23. bp, aws, 74 a victim,. for

iv. 2. '

e. BWq W, 4, a sacrificing, sacri-

fice. Birr, v. a., I offer sacrifice. Md., conanlt gads by sacri- fice. T¿ Oubpevs, the victime sscrXced.

&os! a, DY, 4.; one'a own, pnvate. Adv., 1819, in prì- vete; privately, on one'n own account.

E?A?r:ativalRconing, . Ziccoord like our layman,' and is thm wed in many SM, e.g. E rivate citizen opp. to OM Ling om aa PaorhA,

d p x w , mpdrwos , etc.; m who hm no Bpecid howledge and training in medicine, poet?, ozatmy, etc. Then i t came to mean an ignorant, clumay fellow ; i. 31, 'a com-

con' ; harcc ow w o n ? < i&ot,' mon man,' c &II nntau ht per-

Æ*ou, ¿ [f~loS,QwII, rivata],

'LARY. 95

y r d a , as, 4, mimic dance of he88dì~18 in whichpemd

8truggles with d e &deT, i. 7.

m 4 prep. with gen. and ace., down. (1) With gen.,ofW, down from, down over. dawn

1

KTPOT ANABAEIZ.

r p k o u , d So, inereryway,by all mB(uLB. me' 8, v. 28, facing which, in e line with which. Ka@' a&& rop&r81~, ii 13, to

E, {y themdvm, indepen- b himnelf. d'&avrds, ii.

6, in B line with the bodies. nad rb Xe1p~Qov &p, IV. 23, in place of Cheiriaophua

Kara-ßdm, W. n., I come down, go down, dercend x. h l , I go down for (to fetch), L 2.

Ka&-, em,?), e goin d m , descent; return mar%.

~a7-¿p, U. a, 1 bring down ; c# a ship (va$ e q n ~ s & 01 &rstood), bring to rhore or harbour, put into part. Pass:, return home, return to port

dently. Korb r o h W I K p h , v.

KMU-bK&tlr, U. ?L, 1 give Um-

16. einet ; condemn,'dh

a+, N., .etlioopzl. I RIO down; (of CQV~&@, iii 10, pnnh forward, nde over, mur.

(m), U. a., I p down on, watch from above,

mto-&vœ, W. a., -&G, -C!&w, dxwa, I ale , vi. 31. Poe4U d: non-.4Lc.

K d - K C L ( m g W. M., 1 h down, recline (at meda).

K M ( L - K ~ ~ , W. a., I hold b k , hinder, utop (fionrfigbt).

~ma-AJlro, W. a., 1 leave be hind, p.p.p.,xar&h&mn

ctum-Ab, v. a., I' put down, diisolve, terminate, end.

ca-JL(Ym, U. a, I remain be- hind, shy behind.

c w r a - + w ü p , v. m., - r@tw, I put out, quench Cprs, &.l.

into quartan. Md, I go into, take up quarters.

cara-w+ra,lr~ U.. a., I put

c m a - q d v , am. infr nar-&W. m-xœprtr, v. a., -l&, etc., I

place m ponition, detsch in pition, of-troops, v. 10.

Ka'?&, W. KU8Ofi.

K M ~ op', -&opu, e&., U. dep., S effect by work, I achieve, eecnre (&&y)),S. 10.

K M œ , U. a, and n, I hold down W k k , restrain; I accmpy ( l a d , etc) . In-., I c o m e f i o n , t h e h i g h m t o &om, K put into port, i 33.

Icar-wcQœ, U. a., 1 found a colony m city.

Kddm OP, Q&. [KdW, Ibu&], ldsmmable, eombuetlble.

K& or K&, v. a., naCw, €Kawa, &Kama, rhauwr, &nafi&rr, l bum, I kindle, light (M), ïi. 20.

L, U. hp., K I ~ O + , I em T d (as p m . 4 f d W r ) , I !e. K- W. a., ríww, etc., reg.,

bid order, enjoin; I request. I command, urBe, inntigate,

empty tomb, cenotaph, iv. 9, '&W, OU, T O , [LI ldS, ~ d # o S ] s

nm-dttic.

I or agility: .

1

88 KTPOT ANABAZIZ. VOCABULARY.

A+v, W, adj., used 4 oom . of dyaOSs, more deairad, bettar vor Homeric Xwtwv].

9 TW 4 a MW&,

Thwaly, i 7. we er in Yayvwla in

PM, dl b, a&., long. ad?, verg, very much,

exceedln ly. eil W, i. 1, very skdn lly. comp., pa. Aov, more, rather ; sup.,

nwnerde, at the mont, about. fimu, moat, chiefly : with

W, Piha. $Aov, we MXa pm-&, 9, dv, a&., foretold,

I named, euggeated by. an ' oracle, i. 22. - ß h = n v d s , B Mmtinean, .in-

in Andie , i. 11. habitent of Mantinee, town

Y

99

100 KTPOT ANABAZIZ. 101

general anxiety. &&v, iv. 20, owing to the

pb, pwticlc, p& ... 84 ... , on the one hand . . . on the other hand ..., while or wherm ... yet ... , true that ... but ... ;

n beet lcfl mtmmlated in lkh, and the forcc narked

by emp- pf voice or W- I vwqementof d P b O h . however, well then, m, etc. $v-, adv., yet, however,

neverthdees, et any rate. *, v. n., r e , twwp, W&.

vi/Ka, I reemsm, m1t, at0 behind, Mt, 0tey ; v. œ., wait for, expeot.

dppc, om, 76, pt, ahm. PO^, tlon. KaTdT¿ xerp*ou &oYl

iv. 23, In p h e of Ch.

mtenor, heart of oountry. W, B W, d., in the middle,

#U rrp *Q, iv. 2, betwem (them oitiea). (U $up, iv. 3: (lies) Mwey. .

Pywp, as, I I I the inlend parte,

lYQ0 (m), V. n., I in -th( ' middle. &p ~ F q s 6

d h gen. and aec

, gen., in the midst of, emon senoc, in the middle. (1) Wit1

with, togetaer with. (S With am., after, neat to.

, v. m., I throw b ffereut poaition, change

. elter; revem (ermn), v. l6 phœ, v. a., I rhsre in, gen.

I I $ p s , v. 7, p t m a - w . W (awl, v. a., -*W, etc., I

conquer, prevail over. Cogn.

heve won bettlea. JK rtjr act. pdxlas UN., v. 25, you

UM+, i. 18, ii. 12, in eccordance with, or by, the vote of the majorib.

W íta, v. a., VON #v6p%a, etc., E own M cutom, em cuatom- nry ; I conaider, think. lá

h&, ' hch ' as. oïbv TE & n i , it ia paeeible. . Adw., ofou,# auch M, like.

ob, o h , d and 4, sheep. 0 1 x 0 ~ v. dcp., Ol*OPU,

dxwKa m h u m , I am gone,

¿s*rbmr, iii. 23, had set off and were gone. olx. ¿so- d p b r a , , iii. 28, had made 8 bolt of it for. U, OÛ, d, 8 bird, eap. 8 bird of omen (dtwe, W Z e , &e.), hence, an omen, i. 23, v. 21.

down of dance, i. 10. dm0 ( h ) , v. n. and a, shrink

in their spprehenaioion Ieat. from doing. dKv. h, vi. 6,

bat, 1 set Off, g0 8W8y. 4 X .

b A 4 œ P -SU, V. n., mob, l r n d

b u d , numer. a@., 8.

a%&. &Adnow, wlwv or 7, ou, adj., few, s m d .

*wu, auperl. dNTtmos and iAdxturos. sap' dNyw 6 7 0 ~ - oûwo, v i 11, made light of.

Ipqpor,. ou, d [¿pi, together, dpw, lour], a pledge for unity, sure@, security, h b g e .

#p+, v. a, d w û p i r , 6 w a , d@wa, ¿&unwt, W h v and dpbuBv, dwuWow, I awear. With ace. of thing WpcrsOnaWrnb.

(I- a, ou, adj.. like, re- mbling, equal, .similar.

&pot-, a&., in like mmner with. ¿& &TEP, just a8 if. .. .

¿&mv. emj., whenever, m monas. Sccò*dn. h, &V. of time and eonj.,

(1) datiwe; (2) i n d i n e t in-

that, &ce. brrog., whdever, when, now

indirect. à&wog., where. dr. 8uu%w, i. '28, BB far as I could.

h, d u . , (1) nlalivc; (2)

brrr0 (W), v. a., I nwat, boil,

h,. d u . , (1) daive; (2) hake, iv. 29. idweel m t m g . , as, how, m

hq eonj. J%& 80 that; afler verbe of fe with fùt.

What W8y. '

indic., thet.

(d Jù¿. mid. dpywû- v. 'a., I make angry.

W), I am d e angry, fly

bpyud, Br, 4, length of out- strehhed artna, m measure of length, 6 feet 1 inch, a fathom.

b+, 4, du, adj., straight, UP- nght. ¿p. d&. the mam (atmight) road, vi. 38.

+w, ou, rd, gen. in Nur.. boundsries,confinea,frontier.

8 rap.,

IO4 KTPOT MABAZIZ.

pëmn~3 d y , b A& m charge of, 703r rapd K~w, iv. 8, thone who were

iii. 26 : what waa happening with Cyrus; T& -p' +,fi,

mitnation &p- IM with ne (or to un), i.a our

aence of, to; ale0 (m) O place, (3) with me., to the pre-

pad, by, along, by t e eide

yond, contrary to. €~TCILW-

T¿ rap¿ 0 6 X a m v , iv. 6, the rap& +jv, ii. 1, along the cosat;

part dong the rea, res coeet;

ii. 2, tsey anohor2 off: g

Of; (h) Of tim, d n m ; (C) be-

106 KTPOT ANABAZTZ. VOCABULARY. Io;

sap& r o h ßoûs, i. 8, yokc him to the oxen ; sap' dXiyov isoroùvro, vi. 11, made light of, treated with contempt.

mzp-ay$Mo, v. a., I pass on a message or orders, I pass the watchword, pass the orders along the line. T ¿ sapayyeX- Xópcvov, iii. 18, vi. 5, the orders : imper.v. sap+yyeXro,

passed down. iii. 21, v. 25, orders had been

Tapa-ylyvopar, v. n., I comc t o the side of, join, present my- self before.

wapa-Shpr, I I . a., I give or hand over, deliver over to, permit, voucbafe (vi. 34).

r a p - a ~ ~ o ü p ~ ( E O ) , I I . dep., I ask from, entreat ; intercede for.

rapa-KäAB (ew),v.a., -KaX;,-eKd- Xeaa, dc. , I call to my aid, invite, summon, urge upon, encourage, cheer 011.

rapa-Aapeávo, v:. a., I take from, take to myself, take.

mpa-Atlro, v. a. , I leave on one side, pass over ; dv T L +IL s a p , vi. 18. in caBe of any omlssion on my part. T ¿

had escaped. rapaherxbpcvou, iii. 19, which

rapa-$vo, v. n., I remain by the side of, stand firm, re- main faithful to.

rapa-dpro, I I . a., I send past, along : send in aid, despatch to aid, iii. 15.

uapa-dio, v. n., I sail along thc coast, aail past, coast along.

Wapa-UK~udgœ, v. a., -&W, etc., reg., I prepare, get ready, raise (force). Nid. , I pre- pare myself, make prepars- tions. sapcartuas$vos,ready prepared.

mpa-~íOqp~, v. a., I place be- side, before. Hid., I set be- fore me ; I deposit, give in

having laid aside his arms charge ; T. rd isXa, i. 8,

in chary of amne one. napnplue (aw), v. a., I hand

over, entrust to ; hand on to

pass watchword or word of my neighbour : military, I

command along the lime,\,. 12. rapqyíq, vs, + order, watch-

word passed down the line. wáp-tLpL, I I . n. [ c lp l , I am], I am

beside, I am present, come to, am at hand, arrive. ol sdpovTcs, the bystanders. x8pcupcv UOL, vi. 20, here we stencl before you.

+-tLpL, V. a. [dp, O], I am going or shall O feside or $st, pass by, a!vrtnce, come orward, v. 12; W EL, went

down the line v watch- word), v. 25.

m dahœ, v. n. , I ride 07 &ive past.

wap-ip opab, v. a., I go by, p s % y , step forward.

r a p t p , v. a., I hold by the side, i.e. in readiness, I pro- vide, furnish, offer, dard,

the memory of oneself. 1

ipavrbv, surrender nlyself, VI

ii. 10, contribute to. 18. flicl., aa&opar cis ._.

. .. ,

wap-l PL, I I . a . , -*W, etc. , seul past, let pass, I pas (watchword, v. 25), yielt place to.

mp-luqu, U. Ir. tenses, I m&

ilh-an. tenser, I stand by. to stand hy, place, set by

nappáoros, adj., of Perrhasia t o m in Arcadia, ii. 7, v. 2.

r i s , r iua , r i v , savrds, s d q r xaurós, adj., all, the whole every. TOÛ xavr¿s &pz+, ii 12, absolute authority.

rúo-p, v. a., xcluopar, daovOa, CsaOov, I suffer (good or evil).

treated. As pass. of so&, I am

ra~pír , L h , 4 (prop. fem. adj., SC. y?), native land, country.

aah, v . a., I make to stop,

Pans. and mid., I cease from, check ; v. W , I cease from.

give up, with yen.; stop, wait. II+äyovla., as, +, Pa hla

gonlr, di&ìct of Asia dmr; on Euxine, east of Bithynia, i. 1, 14.

Paphlsgonian. fi~IcqjXayovtK?j (se. fi), Paphlagonia, i. 15.

IIa+Aãyiydv, óvor, 6, a Paphla- gonian, i. 1.

~ [ O V , ou, 76, a flat open coun- try, a plain.

n*A&yOVLK¿S, 4, 6 W , dj.,

e 1 r t f d , ah., on foot, by lancl. r t fós , +, bv, adj., 011 fool..

walking ; u x w h s t . , r e t ú s . b, a foot-soldier ; ph. , in- fantry, foot.

r d w , v. a., scíuw, tscrua, si-

reruOl)aopar, Ipersuade, press, xcLKa, siscrupar, i & d v v ,

conciliate. 06 xdOourcr, V. 11,without ermission. Mid. alad pass., Pam persuaded, I

dnt. of per so^, b ~ , or absof. obey, yield obedience to, with

must obey. Verbal., rersriov, vi. 14, we

mtpa, as, +, attempt, trial,

p&, with gm., to test, vi. 33. proof, experience. reipav Xa-

lrcrpe (aw) , v. a., &uw, p . paw.

commox in mid., I attempt, sexelpäpr, I attempt. More

endeavour ; with gen., I test, make trial of.

rA-+, OÛ, d, one who bears a r iAq a peltast ; see Zw trod., p. xl. dq, $5, +, a small 1i!@

shield of leather without vim, originally uRed by Thmedam.

rtpwatos, a, ov, on the fifth day; five days dead, iv. 9.

r ipro, V . a., x&$Iw, tscp$Ia, TPUOMR, T C T C ~ W , ~sipqjeqy, rcplrghjaopar, I send.

five hundred. rw&KduwL, at, a, num. adj.,

*c, num. adj., indeel., five. rcvst-rul-StK~num.a~.,indeel.,

fifteen.

108 KTPOT ANABAZIZ.

=!&!S v. a. and n.; k. place around, near ;

in&. &wee, I stmd mound, nem.

q r - m n M (ow), v. a,Iencircle, encompatm, eurronnd. &fytly in middle.

npvrvyxbvœ, v. n., I happen to be about or near, happen upon, come ncronn, meet, with dot.

the Persian dance, i. 10, note.

drops v. n., re r t juopu and a+ropa.~. (wbpqv, I, fly, em on the wing.

+a, as, 4, mk, eyci, M dande O& ilrsm W on beach.

-&V, OÛ, 76 [EC. a m @ ] ,

' I

l

Í VOCABULARY.

: A+, (1) &h gm., be- yond, except, beaiden; (2) adv., except, but.

zw near, epproaob

in the niihbourhood.

7 A L&&% V. TL, -&U, &C., I

w A q h , d u . , new at hand,

axotoV, OD, T¿, boa& velllrel, &p,

w h , OÜ, ¿, voyage. TA. C u r a 1

to. Idv TA. S, i. 33, if it be els, i. 33, our cuum will be

poseible to mil, i.e. wind end weather permitting.'

wva0pa, aras, T¿, wind, air, breeze ; breeth [ r u h ] .

W&, a&., rd. and intermg., whence, from what quarter, wherefom

nome p h or other, from

I ro83 (eo), v. a., I long for, long I to, yearn after.

adv. e d i t . inacf., and whither, eomewhither, nome or any direction.

aorB (eu), v. a., I meke, do, treat, form, cerry out, exe-

tion, form; aet (watohee) : cute (orders) ; -pluce in poei-

auppoee or imagine. &pz

E: K u r e , ill-treat. dyaeb a resolution. KaN8S

r. ù m , I do B d c e to. U. aha, iv. 11, I divide, break

:&y looked on it na atrange k tvd d r o ~ o û v ~ o , i. 11,

that. rup' ¿Myow ro~cìdal,

tranrport.

1 aoe(v,adff. enclitic index, from

j myplace.

109

v i 11, make light of. Verbd, T O L ~ ~ O ~ mpelau, iv. 12, the journey muet be de.

longing to war, werlike, hortile. Adv. Iro)r$~m. roAewrhra ~ Z p v , i. 1, aded in the most hostile way.

woAipws, a, ou, adj., belonging to war, hostile. ¿ r o M p ~ o s W d T O A P ~ O L , the enemy. 4 rohe& (m. .v13), hostile terri- tory.

&P&, c bv, *.l be-

r¿Aqmy, ou, ¿, wer. W&@ (CO), V. 9h, 1 8t W=, go to war with, ht against, make foea of (vi. 7 S), dat. aœ, v. a., I build or found a ?ty; colonize eountq by budang city, vi. 4. Ionic E

dropr8 (eo), W. a., 1 beaiege. Arp, ews, 4, a city. U¿-, aras, 76, city, town

Latin urbs, ad opp..% civitas). Iroxv-apxk, as, 3, the govern-

meni; of many; divided com- mand, i. IS.

much, great, lerge, of great roAA?js, roAAou, e., many,

extent, long, loud. r o M $ iii. 16, m. abs, long way.

010s Iu6Or, i. 31, that eome- h p . ~Aeluu, rAxrîuror. r A d -

thingmorewaawented. u A b u

for more tben ... . Sr wAhv 9 M ... , iv. 6, (of diatame)

( p p . of buildings of city,

UOAC, *il, *4, g* roXXoû,

110

. .

KTPOT AXABAZIZ. ARY. 111

mpo+y&[op, v. &p., I do

ecmaap4vvr &&W, i. 21, re- work heforehand. rfp rpo-

put8tion 8lry3y won.

v*v, U. W.. 1 p;a in .dv-ence, s d ~ o e , push for- W d .

wpo-qpOp, U. dep., I lead the way, lead on the van.

wp&r, v. a., -daopa~, I

intend sscri&e~ for, 6. 'L2 caorifice hefore or for ruper-

v%-, TPO-O@.

rrpdibmo, Me rp&1p.

etc. rïj~'EAhdls r p o ~ u m j ~ w r v , vi. 12, they are the lorde of Hellas. rprrumjmmr a&&, ii. 9, waa their ringleader.

before, am in front of. rpor. xwpfw, iv. 3, a promontory jutting out.

rpo-~plvm, v. a, I pick out before, choose by preference.

1rp4vq (CO)), 21. R. and a., I em or ect BII a spb@os, I manage n thing for. Mehph., intro-

v. 14, note. 'p4-opO (au), U. a., I see before-

hand, catch sight of fnnn a dGtunee, i. 8.

rpo-dpm; B. a., W . w p ~ m&m, I eend forward. h

~ - R t b ~ U. L, I laid

duce to, wpo& KlV8uvh TWL,

3

Tpa-Aah, v. a, (N. I r row or dppu), I ride 'or drive on in front W f o d ; gallop on io front.

M

112 KTPOT ANABAZIE.

advance, condnot, escort, accompany, rend on hie way.

I&, pp., gen., dat. and aec. (1) Withgen., (a) molion from, aEe0 m -W&, @S 6 s @aAdwqs, ma-werdr ; (b) in a$jwa~%hza, rpdr Alm, in

in ed ition ta, r p b r ~ o k o s . in dut., a) reat at, by, near; (b)

addition ta this. (3) with MC., (m) of-, towdr , to,

TaGra, to thm. wrth e mew to leading up .to, t@nst; *@S

thie, scoordingly, to meet these chargea. r& aMv, i. 5,8, to the nound of the pipe. 7pbr T& #lhovr, i. 20, in t h e eyen of bin friende. ( b ) d trme,tomrda. r @ s r l ) v W p , towards daybreak.

wpou-6yœ, v. a., I led or bring f o r w d , introduce to (W- SeJnbZy), i. 14.

Irpw.avùMuw, v. a, -avàAwuw, ete., I mpend (money. etc.) besides, in addition.

upor+-, v. Q, I a ly to. Intram., rpwß. make an attack upon.

wpor&op, v. n., I am in need of bemdes, demand, eeek in addition, roith gen.

WPOUAOK~ (aw), a. a., I expect. +u-rqu., v. n. [dp, ibo]. I

am going 07 ehall go up to a phce, e p p m h , attaok.

wpou+Vr, (1. a. (m. trsor), I d e up to, gallop up.

th8 II8Ul8 Of Z a r . (2) &h

d

w p o d p x o p a ~ , W. o., I come up

q a u - d x o p w , v. dep., I pray,

wpo+(Xm, v. [se. voûv], I apply my mind, p y attention to.

wpddw, adv. of place, before, in front, forward; of time, before, formerly. wk r p . UT rqyoh, the former gene- mg iv. II.

srpu&œ, v. n., I ~ s h fomwd,

srpr-ph, v. n., T: wait etill . longer : v. act., I weit for.

+-Osoc, ou, C emroach; edernn proceasion to temple with sir+ a d music, i. 11.

+uœ or d p adv. with gen., forward4 &er ; fer off, at a distance. C-. rpoudpw, T ~ O U W ~ T W . ~ O L C86vav.ro r p UwrdTw, vi. 1, 88 far eway a8 they m M .

guard. picket.

to.

offer up vow0 to.

mm eowerda.

wp-+wf , ãms, d, advanced

?S , go on well. T¿ C ( E W ) , v. R., I go for-

might favour (lit. go on well r p . ìp&, iv. 21, the victims

fot) m. *, .a, 01, q.. WP. fimn W $ : before, ID front ; 00011er, earlier, former ; mp erior. Sruperl., first, forernoet. Adv., llpkqov, before, p r e v l d y . W- or rb wp&ov. firet, III the firnt plece.

r t

!T!!%

VOCABULARY.

or rrpœt, d u . , early in the y, bethem, at mom.

-CV&, 4, 6, adj., cl-, close packed. A h . , W K W ~ , much, often, frequently, i 8.

dll, P B 4, -v #W., &Aar, gatea

mvuvopar, v. dep., r e t - ,

by enquiry, enquire, aak, riwlrput, M & 7 v , I leern 1

whom. hear. with gen. of p w m f i o m '

% *;h, 76, h. PlUr. rd, ad . , watch fires.

+mm, v. n., I am feverish, m e fever, iv. 11.

qdr, OÛ, d, gen in p h . , wheat. a

~ u p p L a s , k c a d i i officer, v. 11. a

l

'

~ mfy vs,- 4,. e war dance, t e yrrhlo, 1. 12, note.

, m, enclit. p&le, up to this time, IM yet

W&, inhrrog. &W., how ? in what way ?.

W&, dtàc particle, indes., ' any .way, et d. rexvrr~s 1 somehow, in some wey, in

TIUS, I. 6, with a certain &ill. md &W r w s , ii. 17, pretty nearly in the middle.

118

&pa, as, 9, verbal qreement, law, vi. 28, R&.

#dpds, OÛ, ¿, measured motion or eound, rhythm, t 11, WC.

rEy6tœ, v. a., I dence, attempt to dence, i 32. R- word.

hkads, OÛ, d, 8ilanue, the ~ ~ t h ~ p e r , iv. 13.

X v 4 , +S, d, inhabitsnt of Siope, I. 16.

b k q , 79, 4, Sinop, i 15, note. th, 08, 6, h m k n fw e&, god. val T& ur&, by the twin gode, vi. 34, note.

kdAlabs, d, macien song, i. 6, mte.

tqp4umv, W, 76, sddier's ration money, ii 4, ¶O&. bread, food, promiom, eap- irlw, ou, 76, g e n e y in plur.,

pliee.

114 KTPOT ANABACIE. . .

WCTOS, OU, 6, in ' p h . bu+, 76 aisa, corn, food, P~~V~BIOIIE.

etc. n At& p r u . and mpqJ rare, U K O ~ and UROTOÛWL uscd inatead, I look abont carefully, examine, consider.

kwpoor, ow, T& equipment, kit, bqgmge., chk& in plural.

& q ~ , Qs, 4, tent, booth.

"hp & - S U E $ b W

"qv6 (W), v. R, I eet up tan?, encamp, take up quartern m.

W K ~ ~ W O W , ~ 0 6 0 2 , b. nmdl couch, ' low bed, truckle bed.

W K ~ , 05, b, watchmen, ont- post, stationcd on high post to ovdook e-.

O K O ~ (&),v. a. ( p m . andimp. act.andmid. : 0 t h tenece- r d r r o p a , q. v.), I look about d u l l y , examine, investi- te, try to h d , consider.

&erste, set ,myeel.f to dis- cover. Mililary, I do ont- look duty, reconnoitre.

U K U ~ ~ , v. a., I strip m dain enemy of &rmE.

X~l~pls,81.eodiangene~,iii.4.

T- c& g e n d , v. 13. , 4 BOPhaanetUs,

d v r r . m , 3/, e.08rcenee.n,want, leck.

VI. 30. &m, v. a., arc@, h r p a ,

I BOW seed, I watter .about &raptta, r!arùprlr, t r a p p t ,

X W y d q e , ou, 6, a apertan,

VOCABULARY.

1 d q , e, 4, equipment, cloth- / ing ; plUr., robes, dress. I

aros, TÓ, the month (o j

1 O T ~ L T ~ . ~ , aros, rd, c a m p e , j army. ! TWdW, U. % B d W-

p, u. mid., I m v e n~ . soldier, take the field, am-

i tinne the maroh, ü. 15. ~ ~ M 0 4 d , B g e m e r a l .

m, âS, t), amy. mpa-, ou, b, a eoldier. mparudh, v. R, end more

mid., I enosmp, bivouac.

cempment, camp.

make ta turn ; mid. and paae., I tarn, tarn. round.

Erv+~op, a Stymphalian, natlve of 8tymphdus, town in A m d i a near Tegea, i. 30, i i 7, iv. 10.

of 2nd p a . . thou.

often W r p t L ~ p b , U.

uTpìLd-w&w, ou, 70, en en-

+h, v- a., mP+, etc., 1

O-Ú, c d , $ur. tpt , pers.

u ~ - K & (eo), v. a., -mA&, ek., cd1 together, cd1 a meet.

ing of, summon together.

o + K ~ L ~ , W. &p., lie together, am put together; agreed on

meeting place, render-voua. nki jmou. iii. 4, the appointed bepeen lm pM-t i€S. T¿ oiy- I

115

. o - w ~ K o ~ ~ M , W. a., -L&, I bring

- phror, vi. 37, they had col- together. +W U W ~ ~ M O ~ W -

lected. WÛKOV, OU, 76, fig. wAA+, W. a., I collect to-

gether, summon together,call meeting of. Mid. ard couect together, -ti?

wpgdMp, v. a,, I throw to- gether, bring together. Mid eup., I contribute, give (my opinion), a e upon, iii. 3; form (frienEp1, vi. 35.

gether, meeting, enmonter. *Wh+ v. a., I advise,

Mid., 1 consult with a m o n , concur in advising, amth &. k k his advice, with dat.

shout to ether wlth, a t once ; d f mc., iii. 4 they &outed to one another con-

QUILBOX/I, 4, bnD&g to-

COUId, beEhW'WUd Upon,

( 4 , v. a., -+W, I

tinually.

uvpplyvulr\ v. a.. -#U, etc., I nux to ether, combme. h - trans.,% have dealings with, meet in cloee 6 ht, meet, unite with, with cf&.

o-uydpw, v. a., I eend along Wlth.

1 l16 ETPOT ANABAZIZ.

.. .. --

VOCBBULARY.

m-~&vrœ, U. m., I arrange to- a gether. M i L w , aet. amd mid., draw up in order, form in line, order of battle, v. 31. a

m, v. m., impwJ uuvfpp~w, ow together, ntream to- T gether.

wudtal, v. R , auld, &., I a

P, id UP I paok baggage up my together- W, get kit mether.

117

-ph, as, 8, d e b , d e return (v. 14), deliverence, nalvatírm, prwrvation.

rrgpoV@m, -c&, U. m., I make I) pemn crtb&wv, remdl him to hin aen~ea. teach control. OOmmoneearee. ,

u@pv, i.e. of mund mind,

mon nenue (ii. 11). sanmble, di~nret, have com-

+& ( C O ) , U. m., I am

quickest way poseible. b e l rdXma, iii. 21, M EOOU an.

IQ br, cîa, l, adj., quick, swift. bona . @ d r r u w , r d ~ m o r . A&. -x( quickly, rapidly, P-tJY.

W, enditic, and ; both ... and.

d v h v , 3 pl. aymopated perf. -1 gcn P. P. 8 4 .

OVfiK'l'. ,

*K&, PCTJ m. W U K W .

ow, r6,e d. asp. rbund a city, a fort, forti6ed town.

d m , ou, sd, chid ( r h w , I beget).

a m , v. n., in pee& only, I oome into being, I am. o l reAcBet, vi 38, M, am not forthcornin Poetic d in ~oric a d Lc prom.

hmdmoat.

. I bnY

TfAydOB, 9, W , a 4 . l h t ,

.rd.vr(! (au), v. a., -+W, etc, to au end [r&or];

v. n., wme to an end, die.

nt het they ..., or they ended Pa&&, reA&r, iii. 8,

b . d o s , om, rd, end, m a l t , con-

clneion. rmor tJ&rw, v. 2, being fininhed, over. Zit¿

d h u r , vi. 11, throughout, oonstant. Adv. at la&

ad~., four thoueaud.

our hundred.

+Kw-xAwr, (U, a, num.

uovwr, (U, a, nam. adj.,

-mm, num adj., forty. T

drrüpes, a, nurn. d j . , four. T&, adv.,artbtieally,skil-

ully. r q . *WS, i. S, with a certain skill.

&m, adv., so long, meanwhile, for a time, for a while.

rL+, v. a., @+W, CBqNa, rd- Bema, d @ e t p i ; h&v, I plue.

Tyrcwkv, ¿, Timesion, a &ceÆ a m r clceteci g m m d in plaa of CzCarJlun, iii. 14, v. 28.

T L P ~ , f s , honour, repute. TL@ (au), v. a., +U, I honour. &, rl, ink. pm., who? what? rq,rt,indqf.pron.'ed.,anyone,

any thing, m e . #va r d , vi. ZS, an individuel, one man. Oflm uscd like Freuch on, a d OirrnOR man, where we uw thepmaiw, vi. 10. Adv. TL, in any way, in any thing.

nrpbub, v. a., rphu, Apwua, *PP=, hp3@v, r@*oP=, I wound.

k r , ditic &e, assuredly, let me &ou.

~ Y W , infmnlial part., there- fore, well then, very well them, now, then.

IO-, - a h , -ORO OT -oRw,, e. pm. , such .B this, such, of such a soit, of this deacrip- tion, no great, m. bad, etc.

wAp& (au), v. a., * W , I under- take, venture on, am bold enough to, am emboldened to, dare. m, OU, ò, e bowmm,archer.

\

VOCABULARY. l

110

I

m, v. n., I am to begin wiz, I am here already, I begin, take initiative. rb hdppwa,the 'etockinband.' IK &U h a m . , iv. 9, with the meam et their commmd

with gen. and m., with gem., over, ebove;

on behalf of, for; (2) with m., beyond, above.

W-- U. a., I throw he- gond w above ; p beyond, exceed. march over, crws, mntains, etc., v. 7 . h-+, O. a, I ' hold nuder,

m p p . h. akqv, I nuder-

n u b ~ t to pundment, vi. 16. p ~udlcisl eb~, w

take, promim.

(1) W*h genitive (a) sfplace, under; from under, h. 22 ; (h) O a@, by, at the hm& of, d y reeson of, under the

o).subj&&m, eubject to. (8) ( a of phee, reat' under; (b)

With aa. (a) of place, motion under; , (h) of timCl jant about, .near, , tower&.

into m hoam, shelter, v. 31 j take c 6 q e of, undertake.

the yoke, beast of burden; Nur.; baggage animab.

M, prep., radid BtMB nuder.

o&rE of. (2) .With dative

6 a o - 8 ( X O p u ~ v. &p., I meive

h.[byLov, ou, T¿, a for

. .

.VOCABULARY. ' 121

a,

-, v. a, 1 -m, wetch,

duty. tideguard. Intr., I do picket

121 VOCABULARY.

APPENDIX ON VARIOUS READINGS.

APPENDIX ON VARIOUS READINGS. I26

Page 7. C. 2, 1, between rd and Ta ~ A ~ I ~ U W T C S add

‘W &p$WaUh1, K d WOT8@V T&

lrA&wm I 4 p o w Tfp N ~r-hv ¿ U n p , Ivk 4

+Ta’ “Po“‘ r d Brppd6wr00, h r m 81 -3-l roo - A x v o I I ped morw Too IhpOnh To3rov a, ‘I M they cbaeted along they came in eight of Janon’s beach, where the ( s h p ) ’ A r p is said to have anchored, and the moutb of the rivers, firet of the Thermodon, then of the Irie, next of the He)ye, and after thii of the Partheniun: and (after c o ~ t i n g

Thin p w q e involven a geographid .blunder,

v L%- on eset of rhope. It in probably to west of Sino spota alresdy F e d in

interpolated by Mme ignorant e d y commentator or, rcribe from V. vi. 9 : others think it in m extraot from Xenophon’s “note-book ” cereleesly put in here by himaelf.

,, 8. c. 2. 9 II, drel 8’ O ~ O L , h l 6’ oh, 8’ otv ,reeuming sfter aigrerurion, ‘be that na it may ... .

. p&) the latter ... .”

,, B. c. 2, 5 11, u~pwok, Aopok, ‘ capbine,’ most

,, 10. c. 2, 13, /.KT¿ S& { . ~ L Y ~ V T W } F’ ah&, ma, with them,’ La wlth Achasms end Aro~dimr,

but he Wwtd 7rot wish to p with them. Krüger ruggeata pr’ ahû, i.e. mth Cheirieophne.

,, 10. c. 2, 5 16, T C T ~ K ~ ~ X ~ ~ O I Ka1 wev~a~¿uror, . v K ~ A L O L alone, = 4OOO. Se note on test.

,, 11. c. 3, 5 1, Add at be ‘nnh of chapter, “Ov ph

MES.: refera to nwne O cers.

* ~ 4 W ~ 9 v 6 B p u ¿ P x 4 ~ r r P v r k

126 APPENDIX ON VARIOUS READINGS. l n

c. 5, 5 25, ~ p , Y o A $ u , ~rporPoAip, ‘ for the charge.’ c. 6, il, &uep h b iuu&w ... , & m y 01 hrb

heing formerly) pursued by the cavalry,’ ref. to M m v ... , ‘ like those who had been (lit. were

Tirnaaion’s charge. c. B, 5 4, due&Lrruueu, &U&[KWV, marne meaning. C. 6, 8 ... o l ~ b p z u ~ RAAwe cls T¿ 6 p s elX*aau,

YSS. g v e oixbpuot, -RAAoL cls 7b a p s , Ka1 elA4+aau, which is emended in various w a s , e.g. (1) BB ill text,’Bornemann’s coni. : (e) ... o l x d p v o ~ (IMor rk Sb (Ipos’ , ml cUq+wav ... , L and others

connby, and they fad captured (many sheep). (happened) to be . oing for booty to the hill

Mwmiohael. (3) . . . o l x d p o r m o r U n & d dpos rlX +v, ‘going to the hill country, aome In one 1 irection, others in another, had cap tured ... .’ (Pretor.)

c. 6, g 11, J i . e ~ , &+er, he nought. c. 6, 8 18, dfmaOe, r 0 t e r O e . imperetive, ‘strive

c. 6. g 16, 6m1, h, same mnse. c. 6, g 22, dro8ppdwa, add Aermrov, repeated for

c. 8 ,# 24, r 8 u map& aoû add ~d pq T& wap’

to reach in esfety _.. .’

emphasie.

M~~VTMV, ‘and not one of the runawaye from ourselves.’

c. 6, g 28, ouudrros, lodros, ‘such a man,’ i.e. ‘ the m e stands so with you ’ : lacuna in best MS. at this spot.

c. 6, g 31, Ù#ETTO, * e h , ‘permitted.’ C. 6, I 38, iAOeiu, S ~ ~ W V , ‘ p u s out through a

land of stregere ... . ,(€+etor)

INDEX To the nore important Noter

Accoaative Abnolute, i !X!:. ' A p p h , i.. 15. - Adverbial, i. 18, ii. a, m . 1. d p h r , IV. 18.

- Anticiputoxy, i. 23. iv. 27,

- C o p t e , ii. 4, iii. 6.

traitor," vi. 7.

19.

Active(indef.) for Eng.pewive, abAoúpwoc, i 11. 'Axepow& Xeppbvqror, ii 2. a6&, i. 11.

Adjective for Adverb, iv. 4, i. Bithynie, ii. 17.

eitive) in neut. plnr. am Bu&vmw, iv. 2.

Abrâves, i. 7. Canotaph, iv. 9. &AaA¿&, v. 28. Chalcedonia, vi. 38. dAX6, introd. abrupt objeation, Xeppbuquos 'Axepouardr, ii. 2.

etc., i 31. MAor, ' next,' i. 15 ; 'besides,' XplwbroArr, vi. 38.

iv. 23. Colouiestion Scheme, iv. 7. dp#4, etxov dp&, vi. 1. Conditional Sentence, change

. dva~aAQ, vi. 7. barpeiu and batpebOar, iv. 9. in epod. from fut. to pm.,

' Appition, Artitive, iv. 3, - el with fut. indic., iii. 12, drt0-6, ' dido BI to,' vi. 13. - Mwar without du, vi. 25.

9, iv. 3.4.8, v. 10, vi. 12.15.23.

Attraction, Relative, ii. 12, v. v. 17.

Article, rL rpo8bqw, '' you

vi. 10.

11. 14. 26. Boor h¿ ¿&S, iv. 22. 25.

without du, vi. 55.

iii. 12.

vi. 12.

I v. 19, vi. 10. 1 2 13.

128

- . -.

INDEX.

.

Conetructio KaTh rkrarv, ii. 10, v. 11.

Cotyora, i. 1. Dative of Interest or Refer-

# in apodosia, vi. 16. ence, iii. 10, iv. 1. 12

Ô&OS, (of omen), i 23. A & ~ r o r , i. 32, vi. 6. 7. Drinking party, i. 6. d h es gen. for I k r u , i 9.

Eagle (es omen), i. 23. €xw with adverb intrans., i.

O¿ with fut. iudic. in conditional 21, etc.

sentence, iii. 12, v. 19, vi. 10. 12. 13.

el p4 TIS I K ~ L ~ L , vi. 10. e l TLTE Ka1 dAAore. iv. 12. ehrep, i. 26. elr, 'ssmgards,"for,'iii.17(14),

&,in composition, ' thoroughly, ' v. 14.

ii. 4. - &de from,' iii. 20. - out of the oountry,' ii. 15,

#K Gr V L K ~ S , i. 18. CKa~oc,'elrchcleae,"iagroups,'

iv. 9, vi. 33. bvoO d , i. 28. C ~ ~ A L O S p v e h . i 11. $ A r , ' under cover of,' v. 7.

m , ehw M 'V. 9. h l , ' 60 fetch,' ii. 2. '

vi. 34. 96.

Ir1 3&a ebrAiovr r , iv. 1. h l rab elpars, v. 23. I d [&m I8&ovro. i. 3. I u L K ~ ~ T & , h¿ 5, iv. 4. 'Hp¿&xELa, ii. 1. 'EpaAGr h&, ii. 16.

mpaTor~*o: , l~ camp,' v. 4.

!repos. 'different from,' with

deb, ii. 18, iii. !U. !&I, ' ta the outside of,' v. 7. Frequentative Optative, i. 21,

K., iv. 8.

i i i 7, v i 2

G d t i v e Absolute, iv. 7. - - no subject expressad, iv.

17. _ - with one of terms in different c m in mame sen-

- of comparison after hrepos, tence. v. 17.

- dep. on neut. pron. or clauae, iv. 8 ; h e p o r , iv. 9.

ii. 4. - Locel, vi. 38. -- Partitive, ii 11 ; vi. 18. ylyumr, m kp¿, iv. 9.

H m ë n e , i. 15. Earmost, iv. 18. Hemlea, ii. 1.

Iddmp, '' laymen," i. 31, MC VOIdndmy.

Infinitive, Epexegetic or Ex- planatory, li. 9,- iv. 3, vi. 8. 16. 36.

K d o p O , iii. 15, v. 8. O Kal, 'when,' iv. 28, v. 7. c d ... 66, ii. 9, iii. 8. 19, vi. 7. frai Ir, v. 22. KkXmp ALØL~W, iv. 1. K a A x ~ C o u L , vi. 38. n a p a h (dance), i 7. Kar¿ xdpau drlhrar, iv. 11. Kad%w,' hFrry,' ïi. 10.

Lep¿, v. 21:

KWOTWOY, IV. 9.

KTPOT ANABAZIZ.

, Lita;tea,’i. 28. A h o r # h K L S , V. 9. A d r river, ìi. Y. Wv rat & ~ r r o u , ii 16.

Mav+cs, i. 7. MavrrveíS, i. 11. Mapraw&nkd, ii. 1. Meiosis, i. 1.

- Inrhect Mesive, V. 3. Middle, Csud, i. 2.2.

- Ileciprocsl, i. 22, ii. 15.

val rb urd, vi. 34. Number of Army, ii. 16.

olwubs (omen), i. O, v. 21. ¿K& ~4. vi. 5. $rAa r leeae~~. v. 3. ’

Optative of Indef. Frequency,

&v efter verb of striving, . i. 17. ’ ’

Orstio Obliqua, interchange of indic. and opt., i. 16. 25. - traneition to Oretio Recta,

ii. 5, vi. E:,.. 3s &V, final, III. 16 (IS). OG pj, with subj., ‘certaiuly

not,’ ii. 4.

i 21, iii. 7, vi. 4

.. . rdau, i. 5. . .

raauifw, i. d.

Partitive apposition, iv. 3, vi. Pamhia , v. 90.

repurK¿u (dance), i. 10. 12.,

r A ~ b u $pue&, iii. 16 (18). roXA4. ‘I h g Wsy,”.iii. 14 (16). roXl&+ v i A rpûypu, u h . ~ p ¿ y p w r v , drev

rpaypd~wu, 111. 6. Pregnant uae, with prepmition,

~ l . ~ , i v . ~ . g . l ~ , ~ . ~ . ~ , v i 23.a.

-with adverb, ii. 8, vi. 18. W@, Id in defence of,” i. 8. rpoßahopdvour 7h drAa, v. 16. rpoßoA*, tls, V. 25. Provision money, ii. 4. rpb@os, v. 14. rp&r&, “introduce.” v. 14. cupplxlr (dence), i. 12. Pyrrhic dauce, i. 12

Rehtive attraction, ii. 12, v. 19, vi. 22. wpa, v i 20.

pu@&, i. 11. .

Schtsri, vi. 38. q+. subj. omitted, v. 25. Zlvwrr), i. 15. EhaAKas (song), i. 6. utsr)pCurov,’ ii. 4. Sparten paca with Athens,

r$dyta, v. 21. r r o u b l , ’ ì. 6. ~ P T L ¿ = b r A h ~ , iii. Style, Anacoluthon, IV. 18. - Carelme writinp, i. 20. 26,

- $U no IC, ii. 4, 111. 17 (14). - Mixture of two conetrue-

- Wordn, non-Attic, etc.: a t h , iii’ ‘19, ph.

i. 27.

i i i 14 (W), iv. 19:.

tiona, iv. 18.

INliEX. 131

Style, Worde, nou-Attic, Con¿.

MaAdfw, v. 26. 87, poetie

dA~Bor, iv. 6, ram and late. duIperbsr)r, v. 14, raw and

&lor, v. 2. 21, poaic.

ancl late p m .

iKpqplh/UU, V. 22, --Attic. Me.

i.$arbqc, ir. 26, rare àh

e€á, ri. 17, mre in Altù

rararaluw, vi. 31, non-Attic. ~ ~ o ~ d ~ o r , iv. 9, mm-dlic K C ~ ~ T L Y O ~ , m e . K ~ W ~ E ~ W , i. 1, non-Attic. Aa+vpwroAG, vi. 38, non

Attic. pqaXqyopB, iij. 18, m e ,

reraphop, iv. 12, p e t i c . only in X e m p L n .

roAlfw, vi. 4, Ionk urydfw, i. 32, ram.

Attic.

P M .

Style, Worde, non-Attic, Cont. T~MOW, vi. 36, poetic und

Doric aqrd Ionic p o s e . tráhy7tdfu, v. 27, poetic.

- Words not found elsewhere: &qr)AarG, i. 8. smpoßoXla, vi. 16.

uupr&rov, i. 6. uap r~~ t w s , V. B, vi. a Tensee, i. 5, ii. 8. Thrace, Asiatic, ii. 17. Bdpars, P d rais, v. 23. r p r b +@U orria, ii. 4. Tpbrarov, v. 31. -¿m, coincidence in time,

i. 2. T U ~ ~ U , W . SbEOl., i. m. ÙTb, ‘ from under,’ iv. M. ‘25. k b 6 irwpazdp, iv. 4. hourijuar r?p dpx$r, i. 19. ~UTEPOS, with gen., iv. 9.