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"BLACKWOOnS' CLASSICAL TEXTS

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ARRIAN—ANABASIS

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ALEXANDER (Louvre).

ARRIAN—ANABASIS

BOOKS /., //.

BY

H. W. A U D E N, M.A.

ASSISTANT-MASTER AT FETTES COLLEGE;

LATE SCHOLAR OF CHRISt's COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE,

AND bELL UNIVERSITY SCHOLAR

WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONSEDINBURGH AND LONDON

M C M I I r--^- ^«^-.-.-...<-^-.-.^o ..-,..^^ .

.

PRESERVATION

b::

/13"C>2

^^^fpJAN 24 1968

i^S/ry OF TO^A^

PREFACE.

There is, as far as I know, no English edition of Avrian's

Anabasis of Alexander. This in itself would seem sufficient

justification for the present work. Of further recommenda-

tions which Arrian's Anabasis possesses as a reading-book, it

may be enough to mention that it is the history of an expedi-

tion which transformed the world and has had lasting effect on

European civilisation ; it is the history of a great personality,

Alexander as general, statesman, conqueror, scientist ; as a

chapter, too, hi military history no student can neglect it

—

Napoleon at any rate did not. Alexander's generalship is a

thing for all time ; and if there is truth in the old saying that

"every gentleman must know the history of at least one

campaign," we may as well, when we can convey useful and

interesting information by means of Greek, seize the oppor-

tunity and thus combat one of the great objections urged

against Greek studies. It is necessary also to add (for the

benefit of those still dominated by the tyranny of Atticism)

that Arrian's Greek is hardly more un-Attic than that of

Xenophon.

VI PREFACE

I wish to acknowledge gratefully the assistance I have

received from my colleagues, Mr H. R. Pyatt and Mr C. P.

Evers, who kindly read the proofs of the Introduction, and

from Mr A. N. C. Kittermaster of Dulwich College, who

performed a like service in the case of the Appendix on

"Alexander and his Army."

H. W. AUDEN.

Edinbuegh, January 1902.

CONTENTS.

Introduction— pace

I. Alexander ......... xi

Some Results of Alexander's Conquests

—

A. To Greece...,,... xvi

B. Result to Asia and the Eastern World . . xviii

II. Alexander's Expedition against Persia . . . xix

The Persian Empire .... . . xxi

Macedon ......... xxiv

III. Arrian.......... xxvii

Chronological Table xxxiv

Anabasis—Book 1 1

Book II 60

Notes—

Book 1 110

Book II 127

Appendices—A. Alexander and his Army ...... 141

The moi-e important Tactical Terms in Arrian . . 152

B. Alexander in Legend . . . . . . .154c. Arrian's Language and Style ..... 156

D. Greek Particles . . . . . . . .158Index of Proper Names 160

ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE

Alexander ...... Frontispiece

From a herm now in the Louvre;probably au early copy of

a portrait-statue by Lysippus, Alexander's contemporary and

companion. Consequently it stands on a very different footing

from the many idealised jiortraits of a later period.

Alexander, from a Statue at Munich . . . xvi

An idealised portrait of late date.

Head of Darius III. (Codomannus) . . . xxiii

From the large tloor-mosaic from Pompeii (now at Naples),

executed probably in the first century a.D. Darius is repre-

sented with a Ttapa fastened under his chin and a o-TpeTrrb? or

twisted neck-chain with two snakes' heads.

Scythed Chariot

Sardis

View near Ephesus

Plan of the Battle op Is.su.s

Greek Trireme

A Mantlet or Pent-house

Plan of Tyre

Greek Peltast

Order of Battle at the Granicus

By permission of Messrs G. P. Putnam's Sons.

Map of Alexander's Empire

xxxvi

34

36

70

109

123

137

143

149

at end of hook

INTEODUCTION.

I. ALEXANDER.

§ 1. It has been said with truth that "no single per-

sonality, excepting the carpenter's son of Nazareth, has

His iin= clone so much to make the world of civilisation

portance. -y^g jiyg jj^ what it is as Alexander of INIacedon."

With him an old epoch of the universe ends and a new

one begins. In the East as well as the West he opened

out a new world, and gave it that shape and impress which,

carefully fostered under Eoman administration, produced the

civilisation on which all European life is based. To Alex-

ander as founder of a neAV epoch few will refuse the praise

he deserves, but as to whether true worth or chance made

him such, opinions will always differ. We may, as Grote ^

does, regard him as a mere phenomenon—a brilliant but

baneful disturber of the Avorld's system ; a half-mad idealist

1 It is now generally admitted that Grote's estimate of Alexander

is biassed. As the avowed historian of Greek democracy, he looks at

Alexander through the eyes of Demosthenes, and regards him as " the

destroyer of Greek freedom "—in reality the dispeller of unthinking

belief in the old-world institutions of petty city states now long past

maturity. As a general, however, Grote does concede to him the

title "Great."

Xll AERIAN.

with Achilles on the brain, always posing for theatrical

effect ; an unthinking opportunist on whom fortune smiled,

over whose ever-restless mind blood-lust and greed and

cruelty held sway. Or we may with more impartial his-

torians look on him as the ideal of a true founder of Empire,

instinct with a desire to do all he can for the welfare of

mankind, whether by spreading Greek culture or by develop-

ing the commerce of a new-found world. The results of

Alexander's life-work are certain ; certain too is it that he

. . is a unique personality not only in Greek history

person- but in the history of the world. It is the personal

^' Alexander who interests us : where he is, there is

history ; in all that he does we see the triumph of mind over

matter.

, § 2. Born in 356 B.C., the child who was destined to mark

a new epoch inherited from both his parents notable charac-

Educa- teristics. From Philip—"taken all in all the

tion, greatest man that Europe has produced," in the

testimony of Theopompus (^flor. B.C. 350)—he inherited that

unswerving determination ever ready for action and that

sound insight into the characters of men, while to Olympias

and her wild Epirot blood was due the passionate, romantic,

generous side of his nature.-^ On his father's side, according

to the national belief, he was descended from Heracles ; on

his mother's, from Achilles. To natural gifts was added a

most careful education. His infant years were watched over

by his mother and by a Macedonian lady of good birth,

Hellanice, the sister of Clitus. In his seventh year he was

entrusted to the Epirot Leonidas, a relation of Olympias,

who maintained strict discipline over his boyish pupil. Up

* It has been justly said, " There was in Alexander a great deal of

the stuff that saints are made of—the power of passionate repentance,

the power of most austere self-denial.

"

INTRODUCTION. XUl

to the age of seventeen his personal wants were attended to

by Lysimachus, an Acarnanian. It was an Acarnanian too

—the physician Philippus—who was responsible for the

boy's health and physical development. But Alexander's

real education lay with Aristotle, to whom, asAristotle.

, . , /,the greatest thinker and scholar of his age, Philip

entrusted his son. Aristotle, in the solitude of a small

Emathian town called Mieza, instructed his royal pupil not

only in philosophy, ethics, and politics, but also in natural

science and medicine. He awoke in him a broad desire for

knowledge, and a love of research and discovery in every

sphere of thought. In rhetoric the young prince received

lessons from Anaximenes of Lampsacus, whilst in music

and poetry he attained to as high a standard as was expected

of the average Athenian gentleman.

§ 3. Alexander began his apprenticeship to government

in his sixteenth year (340 B.C.), when his father, setting

Trainine °^^^ ^'^ ^^^ expedition against Byzantium, left

in state = his SOU as regent ; and during this year the boy-

prince successfully conducted a small campaign

against a rebellious mountain tribe on the upper Strymon.

From this time onwards he shared in all his father's plans

and aspirations. In 338 he fought by his father's side at

Chseronea, but in 337 a slight estrangement gi'ew up between

Philip and Alexander, for Olympias, jealous of a supposed

rival, the Macedonian princess Cleopatra, prompted her

son to champion her cause against his father. In 336 his

father's murder called him to the throne

§ 4. Pound Alexander as king history centres for the

next twelve years. To review briefly the tendencies of

Greek history which made .Alexander the conqueror pos-

sible, and to consider his position in that history—

XIV ARRIAN.

After the Peloponnesian war, Sparta regains her supremacy

in the eastern sphere of Greek life

—

i.e., in Greece proper,

Alex- whilst in the western sphere (Magna Grsecia)

ander's Syracuse attains to the hegemony. The harshposition

1 • p r,

in Greek and arrogant dominion of Sparta proves harderhistory.

|^q -j^g^jj, q^^^ q^q p^^j^ ^^ Athens, and Thebes,

under Epaminondas, breaks the Spartan power ; but all

unity in Hellas is destroyed, and all capability of resisting

a common foe is lost.

Both in the western and eastern centres of Hellenic

life—in Magna Grsecia and in Greece proper

—

Northern

races intervene. In the west they are repulsed ; but in

the east, Philip, the semi - foreign Macedonian monarch,

in spite of Demosthenes' opposition, subdues the whole

peninsula and deprives the petty Greek republics of all

political importance abroad. Greece tends more and more

to become a mere plaything in the hands of the Macedonians,

and by them is led on to a higher destiny. Alexander

conquers an empire for the Greek people, who Hellenise

it from the Euxine to the Nile. In Syria, Asia Minor,

Egypt, the Hellenic race takes possession of every sphere

of activity, and puts its impress on every movement of

thought. In the west the Greek colonies hold their ownagainst Carthage but are subjugated by Eome, who finally

conquers Greece itself, to be conquered in her turn by

the spirit of Athenian Greece, and thus bear the civilisa-

tion of Athens through lands conquered by Greeks and

Macedonians.

§ 5. In estimating Alexander's aims we must carefully

distinguish two stages in their development : (a)

ander's before the battle of Issus, (b) after it. There^""** seems little doubt that his primary designs were

conquest and discovery— conquest, to avenge the injuries

INTRODUCTION. XV

done by Xerxes to the most favoured of nations, the

Greeks ; discovery, which might provide further spheres

of knowledge in which the ever inquisitive Greek mind

might find expansion. But these plans became by force

of circumstances merged in a larger scheme : he had gone

too far for his original objects. The battle of Issus gave

him Syria and Egypt, lands which he could only maintain

in the character of an Eastern potentate. Thus the final

form of his ambition was the foundation of an absolute

empire on the oriental model, tempered and enlightened

by Greek civilisation and Greek ideas of government

—such an empire, but on a far larger scale, as was so

successfully maintained in Egypt by his successors, the

Ptolemies. One thing is certain, that in the earlier stages

of his career neither the king himself nor his political

adviser, Aristotle, had the least suspicion of the magnitude

of the empire he was destined to found. After Issus, it

seems as if urged by policy to adopt the habits of an eastern

king, he gradually became dazzled by the brilliancy of his

almost superhuman success, and more and more played the

part of an oriental monarch. When he saw Darius' tent

at Issus he exclaimed, "Well, this -is something like

royalty " ; and his answer to the conquered Darius was,

" Come to me as Lord of Asia " — two remarks which

sufficiently indicate the trend of his thoughts. However,

that he was not solely bent on conquest or on self-aggrandise-

ment is clearly shown by the importance he attached to

well-organised government, the care he took in founding

new cities in good situations such as Herat and Alexandria,

in establishing better communication between city and city,

the subjugation of brigand tribes, the establishment of newtrade-stations and new sea-routes, and the opening up of

new countries such as Arabia,

XVI AKEIAN.

Some Eesults of Alexander's Conquests.

A. To Greece.

§ 6. That Greece lost her freedom througli Alexander is

true to this extent, that she now absolutely gave up all

Ujd her political importance. The old system of city-

Aiexander state life was played out. There remained still

Greek some hope of strength for such combinations as the

freedom? y5i;tolian and Achaean Leagues ; but urban life

—

the

true Greek life— had now no place in Greece, and we

must seek it in such cities as Ehodes, Alexandria, Antioch,

and Byzantium. But to say that Alexander threatened

Greece with actual servitude is unfair ; hegemony was what

he aimed at—to lead the Greeks, not drive them. Had

Alexander not appeared, it would have been such mercenary

adventurers as Memnon and Mentor who would have been

tyrants of the Greek cities ; and the exploitation of Greece

by Persia (for this was what Den;iosthenes' policy amounted

to) would have continued, and Persian gold would have

caused a civil war between the leading Greek states, Thebes

and Athens. At any rate, the Macedonian conquest of

Persia left the so-called Greek freedom in no worse position

than before, Avhilst it added considerably to the prestige

of the Greek name.

§ 7. The question is often asked how far Alexander was

the representative of Greece. Here was a young, high-souled

Alexandersoldier-king—Achilles in stature and in mind

—

and Greek ready to undertake the war against the hereditaryopinion.

j^^^ ^j Greece, which had long floated before the

imagination of the Greeks as a most righteous war of re-

venge. Alexander ought to have been the favoured champion

ALEXANDER (Munich).

INTRODUCTION. xvii

of Greece, but he was not, much though he longed to really

lead the Greeks to victory. In sentiment the Greeks were

with him ; revenge for the wrongs done by Xerxes had long

been an ideal desire. Isocrates and the best men of Greece

all held this v'lQW. But in reality the Greeks did not wish

Persia to be conquered;

practical men preferred to acquiesce

in the present position. Athens was still strongly re-

publican, whilst Macedon was a typical monarchy. TheGreeks Avere accustomed to Persia and to Persian gold,

and during the Peloponnesian war we see now Athens,

now Sparta, striving for the favour of the Persian king.

There Avere few towns in Greece whose citizens had not

relatives serving in the Persian army ; moreover, practical

Greeks considered the conquest of Persia utterly impossible.

Alexander was certainly elected general against Persia, but

the election had no political significance, he was recog-

nised half-heartedly as leader of the Greeks, whilst in

the meantime the agitation against Macedon grew apace,

fostered by Persian gold. That Alexander himself at the

Difficulties beginning of his reign was in a very difficult

ander's"position most Greeks knew. Among the dangers

position. threatening him from without must be reckoned

the revived hostility of Athens and Sparta, and the revolt

of the Tliracian, Pseonian, and Illyrian tribes ; whilst at

home his rule was menaced by the partisans of Cleopatra

—

Olympias' rival, whom Philip had now married—and by her

uncle Attains, who set himself up as aspirant for the throne.

The position has been well summed ^ up thus :" Alexander,

a genuine Greek himself but a typical monarch, endeavours

to enlist the sympathy of the republican Greeks for his

national aims, but is not successful. To attain tliat object

he has first to conquer Greece, which then holds sulkily

aloof from the war against Persia. After this he has to

1 Holm. Greek Hist. iii. 310.

xviii ARRIAN.

subdue the Asiatic Greeks and the Greek mercenaries of

the Persians into the bargain. AVhen this had been done

Persia falls almost of her own accord."

B. Result to Asia and the Eastern World.

§ 8. As a result of Alexander's conquests Syria, Asia

Minor, and Egypt were thoroughly Hellenised, and remained

Hellenist SO till the fifth century a.d., while over the wholeingof Asia. Eastern world (for a time) Greek civilisation pre-

vailed, which, though short lived, could not but have lasting

effects. This Hellenising meant to Asia better government

and contented subjects, better communication between town

and town, and greater commercial activity, this latter being

especially due to the fact that the accumulated hoards of

Persian gold were put into circulation. But it was especially

by the foundation of cities that the Eastern world was

benefited. The ttoAis of the Greeks is Hellenism in the

concrete. Seventy centres of city-life based on the Greek

system did Alexander plant in the East. In these all that

was good in Greek urban life prevailed, but their citizens

had wider views of life and more appreciation of the equality

of man and man. The Greek language soon became the

lingua franca of the East, not in its pure Attic idiom,

but the universal form (17 Koivrj—sc. BidXeKTos), the parent of

medieval and modern Greek ; and Parthians, even in the

second century a.d., used Greek as their official language.

Thus Alexander was pre-eminently the missionary of

Hellenism, and his short life epitomises the history of Greek

civilisation, just as he himself is a poetical embodiment of

the whole Greek character.

§ 9. What Alexander 77iir/ht have done it is useless to

conjecture ; his untimely death removed the master-hand

INTRODUCTION. XIX

when its work was but just begun. The Asiatic empire

What ^'^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ " transformed ;whether, as some

might authorities are inclined to believe, the tendency

towards orientalism,-^ already discernible in Alex-

ander's character, would have been still further developed

and longer life have found in him only another Darius, Ave

cannot surmise, any more than we can surmise what would

have been the result had Alexander matched his forces

against those of Eome ; but this is certain that his successors

maintained the tolerant Hellenism they learned from Alex-

ander. Thus indirectly was the way prepared for the

armies of Rome, and for the spread of universal religion,

and Gervinus's ^ famous statement must always remain true—"Long before Christ appeared Alexander smoothed the

path for the Christian doctrine of the equality of men by

the way in which he destroyed the prejudices of Greeks

and Macedonians on the subject of the hierarchy of man-

kind, of Hellene and barbarian ; and without the introduction

of Greek civilisation into the East, Christianity could never

have firmly taken root."

II. ALEXANDER'S EXPEDITION AGAINSTPERSIA.

§ 10. As stated above, the era of Alexander saw the death

of tlie old Greece and the birth of the new. How was

Alexander possible in history? Why did the Macedonian

Empire prove a solution of the difiiculties of the time? Thegreat factors in the history of the period are three—Greece,

Macedonia, and Persia : what was the position and relation

of each?

The position of the old Greece may best be summed up^ Cf. § 5. p. XV. ^ History of German Poetry.

XX AREIAN.

by saying that it was " paralysed by the petty narrow life

The old of its small states." Everything in Greece wasGreece, essentially small—small in its area, its cities, its

horizon, and its standard of life. Its states and their in-

stitutions all lost character with enlargement. The in-

dividualism, too, of Greek states is very marked : thus

within a radius of sixteen miles might be found three

flourishing and crowded cities—Dorian Megara, Ionian

Athens, and Thebes, which was chiefly ^olian. Each of

these coummunities diff'ered considerably in customs, in-

stitutions, dress, and language. The petty cantons of old

Greece were mutually isolated.

All this was soon to be changed : Greece enters on her

period of great men ; the political ideas of the fourth

The new Century were of a more sober and practical type

Greece,^j^g^,^ formerly ; we hear less of the old conflict

between aristocracy and democracy. The republics of Greece

still have lofty ideas of "liberty," but their lack of national

inspiration and their mutual animosities entirely prevent

all united action. Autonomous states are now impossible,

and, what is more important, thoughtful Greeks realised

this. Equally impossible was a united Greek empire,

though if the Greeks had, in the spirit of Isocrates, openly

entered into a voluntary alliance with Macedonia, a modified

Greek empire over Asia would have been feasible. The

grouping of Greek civilisation in the fourth century may

be thus divided : Thebes, Athens, the North {i.e., Mace-

donia, Thessaly, and Thrace). Thebes is ambitious and

famous, strong in men, but, as a power, weak, owing to its

non-maritime position and the hostility of Bceotia. Athens

is still republican and strong, though lack of capable generals

and her unwieldy foreign interests impair her strength.

Monarchical Macedonia has still to make its name, but is

rich in men born to rule, strong in its king, who represents

INTRODUCTION. XXI

the national idea, but -without whom its power abroad is

futile : strong, too, in a population of brave fighting men.

Beside these stands Persia, a tottering colossus.^

The Persian Empire.

§ 11. The Persian^ Empire, which Alexander set out to

conquer, was at least fifty times as large as Macedonia.

From east to west its length was about twice asIts size.

.

far as from Paris to St Petersburg, comprising

all the country from the Hellespont to the Punjab, from

Lake Aral to the Nile cataracts.^ In it dwelt men of every

colour and language, communities of the most varied type

held together by merely the law of inertia, and by the one

unifying bond— obedience to one absolutely autocratic despot

who governed this huge tract of country for purely selfish

ends and whose will was law.

The resources of this kingdom were almost inexhaustible.

Thus the land-tax alone, a very small portion of the whole

amount of tribute, yielded nearly £2,000,000'^Resources. j > i

annually. This was a money-tax, but most of

the contributions were in kind. Thus the Arabians annually

furnished 1000 talents of frankincense ; Armenia, 10,000

1 Cf. Holm. Greek Hist. iii. 244.

" The name Persia; Greek Ilepo-ts = old name Parsa (now Pdra or

Fars), applied to both land and people, n6p(ra( = probably originally

n^po-ai, having come through Ionic Greek. The oldest mention of

the name is in Ezekiel xxvii. 10 ; xxxviii. 5. The term Iran, often

applied to Persia, originally =: the whole upland country from Kurdistan

to Afghanistan ; Iran = Sanskrit Arya (cf. Herodt. vii. 62, *Ap(o(), is

used as an old name of the Medes. The word occurs in several Persian

names

—

e.g., 'Apiopa/xi'7)s = Ariyanimna, 'Apio0ap(di'rjs, &c.

^ The Persian Empire extended over about 2,000,000 square miles.

The population was about 50,000,000 souls.

^ 7600 talents.

XXll ARRIAN.

foals ; Egypt, 1 20,000 bushels of wheat ; whilst each satrapy

had to supply its quota of men and supplies for the army.

The vast wealth stored up in the various royal treasuries

may be inferred from the fact that Alexander obtained from

Persepolis £30,000,000, from Susa £12,000,000, and from

Pasargadc^ £1,000,000.

For purposes of administration the empire was divided

into twenty provinces or satrapies (satva-ps = khsathrapdvan,

Govern- protectors of the kingdom). In each of these the

ment. satrap was absolute in power, being responsible

only to the king. To ensure good and loyal government,

the king frequently visited the various satrapies or sent his

confidential commissioner or overseer, whose official title

was " the king's eye." The king also possessed a sort of

private detective force who were known as " the king's ears."

§ 1 2. What surprises us with regard to the Persian Empire

is its cohesion. How did such a vast realm keep together

strong at all 1 This may be partially answered by the

as'an^following considerations. The elements composing

empire, the Persian Empire were so various that a wide

sympathy with each other's wrongs was rare and almost

impossible ; one section of tributaries might revolt, but the

revolt did not spread. The smaller dynasties were by de-

grees extirpated, and the various nations, with oriental

impassivity, considered that the Achaemenides were as good

as any other royal house, especially since they followed the

regular Persian policy, which was to meddle only with

taxation and military service, allowing each nation to follow

its national customs. Moreover, the empire still retained

the impress of the vigour and wisdom of Cyrus and Darius,^

its founders, and the true Persians still maintained their

high level in personal courage and matters of religious belief.

^ Darius = Darajavalus of the Iranian records.

INTRODUCTION. XXIU

§ 13. The weakest spots in the Persian Empire were those

parts of it which touched on other high civilisations

—

e.g.,

Weak the western provinces, Asia Minor and Egypt.points. ]7qj. eighty years these portions had been tending

towards separation. The revolt of Egypt was followed

closely by that of Cyprus, and in 360 all the western

provinces Avere as good as lost to Persia. But in 335 B.C.,

owing to the energy of Ochus, Egypt, Phoenicia, and Cyprus

Head of Darius III. {Codotiiaiiims) sIto~iuiug<TTp(irrhs.

had been again brought back to Persia, whilst in Western

Asia, Mentor and Meninon had restored Persian prestige,

and the Persian Empire was to all appearances in a most

flourishing condition. How, then, came about its dis-

solution at the hands of *' a small body of Greek ad-

venturers " 1 The fatal defects of Persian administration

were these :

—

(i) From a military point of view the Persians were en-

xxiv ARRIAN.

tirely out of date : they had no idea of tactics ; they

still trusted in numbers, in bravery, and in scythe-

chariots. The battle of Cunaxa had taught them

nothing except to hire more Greek mercenaries.

(ii) In war everything depended on the king as general.

Darius was no general ; he knew nothing of strategy,

and was, moreover, a weak-minded coward.

(iii) In everything a master-mind was wanting. There

was no forceful controlling personality to sway the

various elements that made up both empire and army,

§ 14. Darius failed at first to realise that an attack on

his kingdom was actually intended by this boy of twenty-

Darius's two—whose name even he did not know—and

policy. took no special steps to avert it, but merely

pursued his ordinary policy towards Grecian affairs—to

foster internal dissension in Greece by entering into rela-

tions with Greek towns, to send them several large remittances

of money,^ and to strengthen his own forces by enlisting

more Greek mercenaries. That most discontented Greek

towns sided with Persia, and that there was during the

campaign a real danger of Alexander's Greeks deserting to

the Persian side, is shown by Alexander's continual ap-

prehensions on that account,^ and by his persistent efforts

to win over Greek sentiment to his side.

Macedon.

§ 15. The Macedonians were not originally a united state

but rather a congeries of tribes— a collection of petty

1 Diod. xvii. 4 ; Arr. ii, 14 ; Dinarch., p, 91, § 10 ; ^schines, Ctes.

§§ 239, 259.

2 Arr. i. 18. 8 ; ii. 17, 2.

INTRODUCTION. XXV

principalities occupying the tract of territory north of

Extent of Thessaly and Epirus, separated from Thrace by

don'ian^^^^ river Strymon, but possessing no well-defined

Empire, limits towards Illyria and Pseonia on the north

and west. The district may be roughly described as a large

plain shut in on three sides by lofty mountains, traversed

by three rivers, the valleys of which are wide and fertile.

The sea-coast line was small, but afforded greater facilities

for maritime enterprise than did that of the neighbouring

land of Thessaly, the interior of which is only open to the

sea through the narrow vale of Tempe. The land was

such as would naturally produce mountaineers and peasants.

Were the The Macedonians were Greeks in the wide sense

donians °^ ^^^® term;^ their language—a mere patois

—

Greeks? differed little from the ^olic Greek dialect,^ and

the higher classes were all acquainted with Attic Greek.

Their manners and customs, too, were undoubtedly Greek

in spirit, though more primitive than those of the Greeks

proper. It was Demosthenes, in his anti - Macedonian

enthusiasm, who first insisted that all Macedonians were

(3dpj3apoL. To the generality of Greeks they probably repre-

sented the outer rim of the Greek race, the extreme end

of a chain of civilisation, the first link of which was

Athens. As to the claim of the ruling family of the

Argeadse to be considered true Greeks, it was never

doubted, and Alexander was allowed to take part in all

the Greek national festivals without demur.

The people themselves were a vigorous peasant population,

^ Ethnologically, the Macedonian nation contained two elements,

the "Phrygian" or "Pelasgic," dwellers in the hill-country, and the

"Hellenic," inhabitants of the plains on the coast-line.

^ The Macedonian language was apparently never written, and our

knowledge of it is limited to a few words which were adopted by the

Greeks. We know that Greek <I>i'Ai7r7roj= Mac. Bilippos ; Greek ocppvs

= Mac. ahrutes ; ^epei'i/cTj^Mac. Berenice.

XXVI AKRIAN.

passionately devoted to war and hunting, and too frequently

to hard drinking. The Macedonians Avere, as hasPeople*

*^

been often said, Greeks at the Homeric ^ stage

of civilisation

—

-i.e., they clung closely to the older institutions

of kingship and tribal administration ; with them persoiial

authority was everything, written law nothing. The king

can do no wrong ; he is a clan-chieftain, supreme and

absolute.

§ 16. As time went on the various clans of which the

so-called Macedonian State was composed— tlie Elymiots,

History OrestsB, LyncestjB, &c. — were united by the

donia"" i^^f^sterful ability of successive princes, especially

power. Archelaus, by whose instrumentality the leading

family of the Argeadse, who traced their descent from the

Argive Heraclidae, maintained their ascendancy as tlie kingly

family. But it was Philip who really made the Macedonian

nation and gave it a common national ideal. He it was

who first inaugurated an imperial policy and saw the im-

portance of obtaining complete power over the Macedonian

sea-board, which up to his time had been practically in the

hands of the Greek colonies situated there. With the

acquisition of power over the sea-coast, Macedonia becomes

a factor in European history. It was Philip who added

Pseonia and Illyria to his kingdom, though they were even

in Alexander's time unruly vassals ; and it was an overlord-

ship rather than a kingship that he exercised over that part

of his empire, which was, as we often see, a continual source

of anxiety to him. The battle of Chceronea was an outcome

of his policy of imperial expansion, and from that date

^ This may in a way account for Alexander's love for Homer. Hewas used to a " Homeric " civilisation ; he felt at home in the society

Homer describes.

INTRODUCTION. XXVII

(338 B.C.) Philip was lord of Hellas. He then turned his

mind to wider schemes, and wished to win the favour of

Greece, that he might be appointed as the champion of

Hellenism to lead a united Greece against its hereditary

enemy, Persia. Nominally he was successful. The Greeks

appointed him their generalissimo, but it was merely an

extortion of assent, and he received no real support. In

336 he was murdered, and left the fulfilment of his

ambitious schemes to his son Alexander.

III. ARPJAK

§ 17. The course of events is more clearly established for

the history of Alexander than for any section of Greek

history Avith the exception of the periods dealt with by

Herodotus, Thucydides, and Xenophon. This is due in the

main to the work of Arrian, or veos Eevoc^wv, as he was

called. Of his life we know but little. P)Orn about a.d.

Life of 100) ^t Nicomedia in Asia Minor, he first cameArrian. before the public as the editor of the Lectures of

Epictetus, the philosopher, his friend and teacher. In 124

A.D. he attracted the notice of Hadrian, the emperor, during

his journey through Greece, and received from him the gift

of Roman citizenship ; and from this date he used the name

Flavins Arrianus. At Rome Arrian soon attained con-

siderable power.^ In 13G a.d. he was appointed Prefect of

Cappadocia, and successfully repelled, in 137, an invasion of

his province by the Alani or Massagetce. In 146 Arrian

^ Cf. Anab. i. 12. 5, where he states that both he himseK aud the

office he held (dpx'/) were well known to his readers. Cf. Lucian,

Alex. 2, ^Apptavhs 6 tov 'Ettikttjtoi; ixa6r]rr]s avrip 'Pocf^aiwv eV TOis

irpcoTots Ka\ iraiSfia. -nap" t>\ov rhv ^iov avyyevo/xfuos.

xxviii ARRIAN.

was consul. In 150 he retired from public life to his native

town of Nicomedia, where he held the office of priest of

Demeter. It is probable that he used this period of com-

parative leisure for composing his Anabasis and Indica.

The date of his death is uncertain.

§ 18. Aiar/Di^at 'E7rt/<Tr?Tou, Epictetus's lectures, in eight

Arrian's books, four still extant. A most comprehensive

Works, treatise on the Stoic philosophy.

'Ey;(etpi8ioj/ 'Ettlkt-^tov, a handbook, abstract of Stoic

philosophy; extant.

Hepl Tov (3lov 'Ettlkttjtov ; lost.

These philosophical works belong to the earlier period of

Arrian's literary activity.

KwTjycTiKos, a treatise on hunting, intended as a sort of

supplement to Xenophon's Kvi'Tj-ycrtKo?.^

'AvaySao-t? 'AXe^avSpov, in seven books {vide % 20).

Ta 'IvStKct or 'IvSiK?;, a continuation in Ionic dialect of the

Anahasis. Often printed as an eighth book of the Anabasis.

Based on the work of the geographer Eratosthenes of Gyrene

and on the Ila/aaTrXous of Nearchus, Alexander's admiral

{vide § 20), its object was to refute the popular but un-

trustworthy and fabulous account of the East given by

Ctesias of Cnidus in his Indica.

Bi^wtKo, eight books. In this work Arrian gave, inter

alia, an account of his upbringing and education, so that the

loss of it is much to be deplored.

HapdiKa, seventeen books ; lost.

'AXavLKTj LdTopia, a work dealing with Arrian's prefectship

^ Arrian imitated Xenophon not only in his style but in the subjects

of his works. Thus he wrote, as Xenophon did, au 'Ava^affts in seven

books, a TaKTiKh, and a Kvvnyir ik6s. Corresponding to Xenophon's

"EW-qviKo. and 'hirofivrjixovixiixara :S,wKpdTovs, Arrian wrote UapOiicd,

hidvyiaKti, 'AKaviKo., and the Aiarpi^ai 'Ettjkt^tou.

INTEODUCTION. XXIX

of Cappadocia and his repulse of the Alani. Of this only a

fragment is extant, cKrafts Kar 'AXaywv

—

i.e., position of

troops and field-orders in the fight against the Alani.

Te'xi'T; raKTiKTj, handbook of tactics, in fourteen books, of

which fragments remain. This was probably written as a

practical guide to tactics for the use of subordinate officers

in Cappadocia.

§ 19. The materials that were available to Arrian for his

Anabasis, and his method of dealing with them, are dis-

y Jcussed on p. xxxii. His general qualifications as

Arrian' s a historian were many and considerable : strong-«s ory.

]^gjj^(^gj^ practical common-sense, combined with

much experience as a general and as an administrator; sound

judgment and acute* critical power, fostered by his philo-

sophic training in the Stoic schools ; literary power, evidenced

by the ability to describe events accurately and concisely

;

and last, but not least, that element of hero-worship—the

fervid admiration for the central figure of his history which

supplies a semi-poetic strain and picturesqueness of descrip-

tion, without which the narration of even the greatest events

is dull and lifeless. Arrian, though one of the latest his-

torians of Alexander, is the best.

Arrian's avowed object in writing the Anabasis was to give

a straightforward account (a strictly veracious account, as

Aim and distinct from the many fabulous narratives which

A*H*n' were in circulation) of the military exploits of

history. Alexander, whom he held to be the greatest

general and tactician the world had seen.^ In accordance

with the tenets of his Stoic teacher Epictetus, Arrian

probably had also an ethical aim in writing his Anabasis.

History was to be a guide to posterity (vii. 30, ox^tXetas

^ In his accounts of battles and sieges, we recognise Arrian as a

specialist in tactical knowledge—c.*/., i. 14. 20; iii. 10; v. 7. 2,

XXX AKKIAN.

ev€Ka TTJ-; is avOpwirovs), and the study of the virtues of

great men was to inspire emulation in others.^

Of any appreciation of Alexander as the missionary of

civilisation and apostle of Hellenism in the East we find

no trace. He criticises the acts of his hero, but never

analyses their possible result.

§ 20. Alexander, like all the Macedonian kings, arranged

that official records should be kept of every event that

Sources of Occurred in his kingdom.^ These were the ifjit]-

Arrian's ac/Dt'Ses Baa-iXuoi, also called vTro/JivyjixaTa /SacnXLKa,history.

, , - < - t-i•

a i

Official ypajXfxaTa fJLvrjfxoo-vva to)V rjfxepwv. JUuring Alex-

records, ander's expedition these journals were kept by

his chief secretary (apxi.ypafji.fjiaT€v<;), Eumenes, and by

Diodotus of Erythrae. These are made use of by Arriau

(and also Plutarch) only in detailing the last days of

Alexander. Possibly records of the distance covered, and

probably notes on the topography of the country, were

kept by the ftrjixarLarTai (lit., step-measurers), who were the

survey-officers attached to Alexander's suite. It was by

the king's orders, too, that Chares the chamberlain (dcray-

yeXcu's) wrote 7r€/3t *AA.«^av8pov loro/atat, and that I^earchus,

the admiral of Alexander's Indian fleet, wrote an account

of his coasting voyage {TrapaTrXov;) to explore the district

between the mouths of the Indus and Euphrates. This

diary Arrian reproduces in his Indica (ch. xviii. sqtj.)

We have references also to Alexander's letters, of which a

^ Other traces of Stoic influence may be found in his praise of self-

restraint as the basis of all virtues (iv. 9. 1 ; 20. 3 ; vi. 26), in his

recognition of a higher power working in everything and manifesting

its will by signs and oracles and omens (i. 9. 6 ; ii. 6. 6 ; iii. 3. 6 ;

vii. 30. 2).

^ This custom of keeping a court-journal had been borrowed from

Asiatic monarchs. Cf. Herodt. viii. 90, where the Persian king's

ypafifiariaral are mentioned as being present at the battle of Salamis.

INTRODUCTION. XXXI

collection was made. Arrian, however, does not often ^

refer to them, and it is probable that in course of time many

forgeries had been interpolated in them.

Of professed historians who accompanied Alexander's

expedition the number is very large. The most prominent

are :

—

Callisthenes ^ of Olynthus, a cousin of Aristotle. By

his alternate flattery and abuse he made himself so ob-

Rhetoricai noxious to Alexander that he was accused of

historians, r^ pjQJ^ ^q assassinate the king and was put to

death (iv. U. 3).

Anaximenes of Lampsacus, one of Alexander's tutors,

wrote TO. TTcpt 'AXe'^avSpov.

Opesicritus of Astypalsea, dpxi-KvfiepviJTrj? of Alexander's

flagship. According to Gellius (ix. 4. 3) his historical

works were miraculorum fahularumque pleni.

Clitarchus, who in 304 wrote an account of his ex-

periences in the expedition. He wrote for a Greek public

in a bombastic, rhetorical style, with small regard for actual

truth. His narrative forms the basis for the works of

Curtius and Justin. Several passages in Strabo are derived

from him.

All these four wrote rather to amuse than to instruct in

facts, and their accounts are only partially trustworthy.

Practical Two others, however, of Alexander's suite wrotehistorians, reliable narratives—viz. :

Ptolemy, son of Lagus, who afterwards, as King of Egypt,

distinguished himself by his capable administration of his

' Cf. i. 10. 4 ; ii. 14. 4 ; 25. 3 ; vi. 1. 4 ; vii. 23.

^ The works of this Callisthenes must be kept distinct from the

collection of almost miraculous tales about Alexander attributed to

him (usually cited as pseudo-Callisthenes). This collection was madeat a later date in Alexandria. It is extant in a Latin translation, but

is historically valueless.

XXXll ARIUAN.

kingdom and by his enthusiasm for Greek art and literature,

evidenced by his founding of the museum and library at

Alexandria. His work was semi-official, and was devoted

for the most part to military consideration of the campaign.

(Cf. Arrian, Prooemium to Book I.)

Aristobulus of Cassandria, who wrote a practical, un-

pretentious history of the expedition, probably giving special

attention to questions of topography.

Arrian based his Anabasis on the works of these two

historians, probably taking Ptolemy as his authority in

military matters ^ and Aristobulus for the rest." The relative

position and value of materials for Alexander's history is

given in the following table :

—

1 Cf. i. 2. 7 ; ii. 11 ; iii. 3. 5 ; 4. 5 ; 17. 1 ; iv. 3. 14 ; v. 14. 5, &c.

2 Cf. ii. 3. 7 ; iii. 3. 3 ; iv. 3. 5 ; 6. 1 ; v. 14. 3 ; vi. 22. 28.

[Alexander.

p^H

K> 4j

p- m©- "hw <

s

Sr. e

-- s^

XXXIV AKRIAN.

§22. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE.

B.C.

336. Philip murdered. Alexander succeeds (Sep-

tember). Anti-Macedonian movement in

Greece suppressed by Alexander, whorapidly marches into Greece. Is ac-

cepted by the Amphictyonic Council and

by Athens. Is appointed, as his father

had been, generalissimo of Greeks against

Persia.

335. Alexander subdues Thracians and Triballi.

Reduces the Illyrians, thus acquiring a

large body of eflBcient cavalry and light-

armed troops. Revolt and destruction of

Thebes.

334. Crosses the Hellespont? in early spring

into Persia with 30,000 infantry and

5000 cavalry.

Conquers the Persian satraps at the Graui-

cus (May) and subdues western Asia

Minor. Most of the Hellenic towns

submit. In these, democracies are estab-

lished. Miletus and Halicarnassus resist.

At Halicarnassus, the centre of Persian

influence, Memnon, the leader of the

Greek mercenaries under Persia, makes

a stubborn resistance, but the city is

finally taken. Alexander wintei's in

Lycia.

333. Alexander marches through Pisidia into

Phrygia. Collects his forces at Gordium.

Successes of Persian fleet in the iEgean

under Memnon, who captures Chios and

Lesbos. Death of Memnon.Alexander marches to the Taurus. Falls

ill at Tarsus. Defeats Darius at Issus

(November). Darius negotiates : pro-

poses to be "friend and ally."

Pint. Al. 10, 11.

y Died. XV i. 91-94.

Cf. Arr. ii. 14, 15.

Arr. i. 1-10.

Plut. Al. 11.

Diod. xvii. 8.

Arr. i. 11-14.

Diod. xvii. 17.

Plut. Al. 15.

Arr. i. 11-29.

y Died. xvii. 17-28.

Plut. Al. 15-18.

Arr. ii. 3-12.

Plut. IS.

Curt. iii.

Polyb. 12. 17-22.

Arr. i. 3.

Arr. ii. 1, 2.

Arr. iv. 7-11

Diod. 31.

Plut. 19.

CHKONOLOGICAL TABLE. XXXV

332. Alexander begins to destroy the Persian

sea -power, and lays siege to Tyre and

Gaza.

Conquest of Syria, Phcenicia, Palestine,

and Egypt. Foundation of Alexandria.

331. Alexander marches through Pha?nicia

;

crosses Tigris ; enters interior of Persian

empire. Battle at Gaugamela near Ar-

bela (October 1).

Darius flees to Media. Overthrow of

Persian Empire. Alexander in Babylon,

Susa, and Persepolis.

Anti-Macedonian revolt at Sparta and Elis

under Agis III. Alexander despatches

a fleet to the Peloponnese.

330. Antipater, Alexander's general in commandin Greece, crushes Spartans and their

allies. Alexander pursues Darius through

Media and Parthia (August). Conspiracy

against Darius, who is murdered by

Bessus. Pursuit of Bessus through Areia

(Herat), Drangiana (Seistan), Arachosia

(Candahar), to Bactria.

329. Subdues Bactria ; captures Bessus ; mas-

sacres the Branchidae. Crossing of the

Jaxartes.

328. War in Sogdiana continued. Army, in

five divisions, march through country,

uniting at Marakanda (Samarcand).

Murder of Clitus.

327. Sogdiana completely subdued. Capture of

the Rock of Oxyartes, whose daughter,

Roxana, Alexander marries. Crosses

Paropomisus (Hindoo Koosh) into India

(June).

326. Crosses Indus (March). Advances to the

Hydaspes (Jhelum).

Battle with Porus. Crosses the Acesines

(Jhenab), Hydraotes (Rawi), to the Hy-pliasis (Sutlej), where he is compelled to

turn back by his discontented army.

Marches back to Hydaspes (September).

Arr. ii. 13-iii. 5.

r Diod. xvii. 40-51.

J Plut. Al. 24-28.

[ Curt. iv. 1-8.

? Arr. iii. 6-15.

IDiod. xvii. 52-61.

1 Curt. iv. 8-16.

[ Plut. Al. 29-33.

r Arr. iii. 16-18.

J Diod. xvii. 64-72.

I

Curt. V. 1-7.

'^ Plut. 34-42.

Arr. ii. 13. 4, 6.

Diod. xvii. 48.

Arr. iii. 6, 3.

^ Diod. xvii. 62, 63.

yEschin. Ctes. §§

133, 165.

Curt. vi. 1.

Arr. iii. 19-22.

Curt. V. 8-13.

Plut. Al. 42, 43.

Diod. xvii. 73.

Arr. iii. 29.

Curt. vii. 5.

Arr. iv. 4, 5.

Arr. iv. 16, 17.

Curt. vii. 10-viii,

3.

Arr. iv. 22-30.

Curt. viii. 9-12.

Diod. xvii. 84, 85.

Arr. V. 3 to end.

I Curt, viii, 12-ix.

3.

XXXVl ARKIAN.

325. Alexander proceeds— partly by water, on

the rivers Hydaspes, Acesines, and In-

dus, partly along their banks— to the

mouth of the Indus (August).

Nearchus, with the fleet, looks for a sea-

road to Persian Gulf, while Alexander

marches through CTedrosia and Carmania

to Persepolis.

324. March to Susa, where the fleet joins the'

army. Attempts at fusion of Persians

and Macedonians by intermarriage. In-

vestigation into conduct of satraps and

generals. Mutiny at Opis. March to

Ecbatana.

323. Alexander commands the Greek towns to

receive back their exiles.

His plans for conquest of Arabia. His

death at Babylon (June 13).

Arr. vi. 120.

Arr. Ind. xviii.,

xix.

Curt. ix. 3-10.

Diod.xvii. 95-104.

Arr. Ind. xxi. to

end.

Arr. vi. 20-30.

Curt. ix. 10-x. i.

Arr. vii. 4-15.

Diod. xvii. 107-

111.

Diod. xvii. 109.

Curt. X. 2, 4.

Scythed chariot as used by the Persians.

APPIANOY

ANABA2EQ2 AAESANAPOY

BIBAION nPfiTON

UroXefxaio? 6 Aci'yoi' koi 'Apicrro^ovXo? 6 'Apiaro- I

povXou ocra /uei^ ravra ajudxo Trep] ^AXe^di^Spov rod

Preface. ^iXittttov ^vv€ypa\j/av, ravra eyu) wg iravrtj

Arrian's '>\ n- ' ' ; f ?' ' ' ' / ^

autho=a\ypt] auaypacpo), ocra oe ov ravra, rovroov ra

TTia-rorepa e/uoi (paivoixeva Kai a/ua afiawr]-

yijrorepa eiriXe^aiuei/og. aXXoi fiev Sr] aXXa virep 2

'A.Xe^auopov aviypa^av, oiy(5' ecrriv virep orov TrXeioveg

5/ a^vjUL(pcov6repoi e? aXX^'jXovg' aAX' efxol TlroXejuLaio^

re KOI 'A|0<crTo'/3ouXo9 Tricrrorepoi eSoPav eg rtjv acbi'jyt]-

(Tiu, o juev on (jwecrrpareva-e ^acriXel ^AXePdvSpo), 'Aot-

aropovXog' IlroXejUiaiog Se irpog rco Pvcrrparevcrai onKai avno pacriXei ovn ala-^porepov // rw aXXw •^eixraa-

6ai t]V anKpo) Se, on rereXevrijKorog i/St] 'AXe^duSpov

^vyypacpovcriv avroig r'j re di'dyKt] Kai 6 /uLicrOog rov

aXX(cg n »/ cog crvvijve-^Or] ^vyypdyjrai uirfji^. ean §e a ^

Kai irpog aXXiov ^vyyeypaju/meva, on Kai avrd a^ia-

(p}]yr]ra re /uoi eSo^e koi ov irdvrt] aTria-ra, Mg Xeyo-

jiieva fjLovov virep 'AXe^dvSpov dveypa^i^a. oang Se

uavjunirerai avO^ orov eiri rocrovroig (Tvyypa(hevcri Kai

efxoi eiri vovv r/XOev ySe /} (Tvyypa<p)'j, rd re eKelvcov

A

2 AAEgANAPOY

TrdvTa Ti? avaXe^dfxevog koi TOicroe Toh >]/uieT€poi?

evTVYcov ovTO) QavixaCeToo.

I.

—

Events in Greece and Macedonia hefore Alexanders

Persian Expedition.

A^iyerai S)] ^lXitttto^ ixev TcXevrtja-ai eiri cip'^^ovrog I.

lilv6oSi']jui.ou 'A.Q)']vy](Tr TrapaXa/Soi'Ta §e Tt]V ^aa-ikeiau

AXePavSpov, TraiSa ovTa ^iXittttov, eg YleXoTTOi'Vijcrov

PhiliD's"TTapekQelv elvai Se rare d/mcpi ra e'lKocriv

death.^^^^ ^AXePaiSpov. evTuvQa ^vvayayouTa Tovg 2

ander's "EXX/Jva? ocToi ei^TO? TleXoTrovv/icrov iicravaccession,

336 B.C. aiTeiv Trap' avTwv Ttjv ^yejuLOViav Trjg eiri

Tovg Ylepuag (Trparidg, ijuTiva ^iXIttttu) tjot]

eSocrav. kuI aiWjcravTa Xa^ecv irap'' cKaa-Tcov ifK^^v

A.aKۤaijULOvicov' A.aKۤaiiuLoiiovg Se aTroKplvacrdai /Ltrj

etvai (Tcbicri iraTpiov UKoXovOetv dXXoig, aXX avTovg

dXXwv epyiyelarQai. vecoTepicrai oe drra Ka\ twv 'A.6r]-

valcov Tt]v TToXip. uXXu 'A.9r}vaiov? ye t?] irpwri] echooip3

'AJ\.e^dvSpov cKTrXayeurag koi irXeiova en twv ^iXitttto)

SoOevTwv 'AXe^di'Spip e/V Tifxtji' ^vy^wptjcrai. cTraveX-

OovTU Se e? ^laKeSoviav ev irapaarKeviJ e'lvai tov eg Tt]V

'Acrmt' (TToXov,

"Afia Se Tw rjpi eXavveiv eiri QpuKfjg, eg Tpi^aXXovg 4

Ka\ ^IXXvpiovg, on re veoorepi^eiv eirvQero ^IXXvpiovg

re Kal Tpi^aXXovg, Ka\ afxa ojJLopovg ovragHis wars '

,, , ,

against qvk eSoKei inroXeiTTecrQai oTi /at] TravTtj Taireivui-the

„ ^ , , ^ , , ^>. ,

Thracian VeVTUg OVTCO /UaKpaV UTTO Trjg oiKeiag (TTeAAo-

fxevov. op/JujOevTa St] e^ ^AfjiCpnroXeoog e^-^

/3aXe?v eg OpaKt^v r>]V twv avTOVo/xwv KaXovfxevociv

ANABASIS I, 1. 3

QpaKwv, ^iXiTTTTOv^ TToXiv ev apicTTepa. e^o^ra Kai tov

"Op^r]\ov TO opo?. Sia/Sa^ §e top NeVcrov ttotu/j-ov

XeyovcTLV on §€KaTaio(; acbiKeTO eir] to opo^ tov AJ/ulov.

Kol evTavda cltti'jvtwv avTW kqtu to. a-Teva Trjg avooou 6

Tr]9 CTt] to OpO<i TWV T€ ejUTTOpOOV 'TToWoi WTrXl(TIJ.eV0l

Kcu ol OpoLKeg oi avTOPO/moi, irapecTKevacr/uievoi eipyeiv

TOV Trpocrw KaTciXtjcpoTe^ Trjv (XKpav tov A^ifxov tov

cTToXoj^, Trap' i]v t)v tm (TTpaTevfj-UTi rj Trapooos. ^vva- y

yayoPTei; Se ajxa^a^ kul irpo/SaXoiuLei'oi irpo crcbcov d/ma

/uev -^apaKL e-^pcovTO Tah ajua^ai? e<? to aTro/mu'^^eaOai

air avTuiv, el ^iaYoLVTO' d/j-a Se ev vw el-^ov eTrachievai

aviovdivf]

aTTOTOjULOOTaTOV TOV opov^ eiri Tt]v cbaXayya

Twv Ma/ce^o'i/(OJ/ Tct? ct/ua^a?. yvdojuijv Se TreTroajvTO oti

0(T(p TTVKUOTepa Trj (paXayyi KaTacbepofxevai crvim/JLi^ova-iv

at djULu^ai, ToawSe /jloXXov ti Siaa-KeSdaovcriu avTrjv /3ia

e/uLirecrovcrai.

^AXe^avSpcp Se /3ov\r] ylyveTai oirm dcrcbaXeaTaTa 8

v7rep(3aXei to opog' Ka\ eireiSr] eSoKei SiaKivSvvevTea, ov

yap ehai dXXr] Trjv irapoSov, irapayyeXXei toi^ oxAiVai?,

OTToVf KaTachepoiVTO kutu. tov opOlov al ajxa^ai ocrois

/mev 6S09 TrXaTeca oucra wapi'^oi Xvcrai Tt]v tu^ii/, tov-

Tovg Se Siaj^ooptjcrai, w? Si^ avTwv eKirecreiv tu^ diud^a^'

ocroi Se irepiKaTaXafxlSdi'Oii'TO, ^vuvevaai'Ta<;, Tov<f Se ku] 9

TrecroPTa'f e? ytjv crvyKXelcrai e? aKpi/Se^ tu^ dtnriSag,

TOV KUT avTwv (pepo/iiei'a<; Tag djua^ag Kai Tt] pvfxri

KUTa TO eiKog VTrepiDjSuxTag d(3Xal3u>9 eTreXOelv. Kai

ovTU) ^vi'ejS)] oTTCog Trapdvecre Te ^AXe^avSpog ku] eiKacrev. lO

ol ixev yap Siecr'voi' ti-jv (paXayya, ai Se virep twv

dcnriSicv eTriKvXicrOeicrai dXiya e^Xa-^aV direQave Se

4 AAESANAPOY

ovSeh VTTO rah afxd^aig. evOa Sr] oi Ma/ce^oVe? Oapinq-

(ravreq, on a^Xa^ei? uvroh, a? jULoXia-ra eSeSieaau, ai

d/ULaPai eyevovro, crvv (SoiJ e? rovg OpaKa? €ve(3a\ov.

'AXePavSpo^ Se rov? ro^ora^ /nev airo rou Se^iov Kepo)? I I

TTOO TtJ9 a.Xkt]9 (paXayyoi, oti ravrt] eviropwrepa tju,

eXOeiP eKcXevcre KOi eKTO^eveiv eg rovg QpaKug OTrrj Trpoa--

(pepoiVTO' avTog §€ avaXa^tou to ayrjfia Kai TOV<s

viraa-ma-Tag Ka\ rovg 'Aypiavag Kara to evihwfxov >/yev.

evOa Sr] oi toPotui ^aWovres rovg TrpoeKOeovrag tcov I 2

OpoLKoov avea-reWov Koi >) (paXay^ -Trpoa-^i^aa-a ov

^aXe-TTCog e^ecocrev eK rtjg X'^P^^avOpwirovg y\n\ovg Kai

KUKoog MirXia-jULevovg ^ap^apovg, uxTre 'AXe^avSpov utto

Tov evMvufxov eirayovra ovkcti eSe^avro, aXXa piy^avreg

ft)? eKOLOTTOig irpovxjJ^peL ra oirXa Kara tov bpovg €<pvyov.

KOI a-rredavov jxlv avTwv eg x^Xiovg koi TrevTaKocrlovg,

ll'wvTeg Se avSpeg fxev oXlyoi eXi'i(pOt](Tav Si' wKVTrjTa Kai

Trig vwpag efHTreipiav, yvvaiKeg Se ocrai ^vvenroi'TO avTOig

edXwcrav iraa-ai, kui to. iraiSapia kui rj Xela irucra eaXu).

AXePavSpog Se Trjv luev Xelav ottlo-w a7re7re/x\|/ei' eg II.

Tag TToXeig Tag eir] OaXdcrcri], Avcravia kui ^iXwto.

TrapaSoug SiaTiOeaOar auTog Se to ciKpov virep-

TMballi ^aXm' irporjei Siu tov A'tjuov eg Tpi(3aXXovg,

retire toJ dSiKveiTai eir] tov Avyivoi' TTOTafxov

Peuce

;

r '

*•'*'''direyei Se ovTog ciiro tov "Iutoov wg eiri tov

defeat. A,, n\ ,

Aljuioi' lovTi aTaO/iiovg Tpeig. 'Zvp^og Se o 2

Twv Tpi^aXXwv ^a<TiXevg, e/c iroXXov TrvvOai'Ofxei'og tov

'AXePdvSpov TOV (TToXov, yvvaiKag fxev Kai iraiSag twv

Tpi^aXXcov n-pov'KeiJ.^ev e-Ki tov "IcrTpov Sia^aiveiv

KeXevaag rof iroTajuov eg vtjcrov Tiva tojv ev tw la-Tpw

ANABA2I2 I, 2. 5

TlevKr) ofOjua rrj injcrip ecTTLV. e? TavT>]v oe Tt]v vtjfrou koi 3

oi QprxKeg ol 7rp6a")^(ii)poi Tot's Tpi^aXXoi'i irpocrayovTO's

AXe^avopou (ru/ui.7re<pev'y6T€g ^crav koi auT09 6 ^vp/xog

e? TavTt]v PvixTrechevyei Pvv toc? a/ixd) avTOV to oe

TToXv TrXyjOog twv lipi^aWwv echvyev ottictoo eir] tov

TTOTafjLov, kvOcvirep t?] irpoTepaia wpixrjOri 'AXi^av-

§po9.

12? de efxaQev aurwj/ Tt-jv 6pixi]v, koll avTos virocrTpe- 4"^a^ TO e/j-iraXiv e7r\ tov^ Tpi^aWov^ ^ye, koi kutu-

Xaju^avei KaTaa-TpaTOireSevovTa^ fjSt]. /cat 01 fikv

KaTa\>](pOei/Te(s irpog tw vaireL T(p irapa tov iroTaiJ.ov

7rap€Taar(TovTO' 'AXe^avSpo? Se koi avTog Tr]v [xkv (pa-

Xayya e? ^aOo? eKTa^a^ eirijye, tov^ to^otu^ Se Kai

TOi/? (TchevooviiTag irpoetcQeovTaii eKeXevaev eKTOpeueiv

T€ Kuc crdyevoovCiv eg Tovg (3apl3dpov9, e't woog irpoKu-

XecraiTO avTov(i eg Ta \^i\a €k tov I'dirovg. ol <5e oog5

evTog /SeXou? eyevovTO, Tratofxei/oi e^eOeov eiri Tovg

To^oTug, OTTO)? eV ^cipag ^v/iijULi^eiav yv/j-volg oixri Toig

To^OTaig, 'AAe^aj/0|009 oe w? irpoi'/yayei^ avTovg e/c

T/79 i^airr]? e^o), ^iXwTau fxeu dvaXa^ovTa TOVi €K t^s

avooQev ^luKeSoulag iTnreag irpocreTaPev e/UL^aXXeiv KaTO.

TO Kepag TO oe^idu, jjirep fxaXiiTTa irpovKe-^wpt'jKerrav ev

Tt] eKopo/uLt] ' }ipaKXeiS>]v Se koi ^coiroXiv Tovg e/c

JjOTTiaiag Te Koi 'A/zc^txoAeco? linreag kutu to

evcovvjiiov Kepag eirayeiu eTu^e. Tr]v ^e (pdXayya Ttov 5

irei^wv Kai Tt]v aXXrju "nnrov irpo Tijg (pdXayyog irapa-

TeLvag KUTU fxecToug eTTfjye. Kai ecTTe fxev aKpo/3oXi(T/uog

Trap' eKUTepcou rjv oi Tpi/3aXXo\ ov fxeiov el-^oW wg Se r)

Te (haXay^ irvKvt] eve/SaXXei' eg avTOvg eppco/JLei^oog koi ol

6 AAESANAPOY

LTTTreig ovk aKOUTiar/uLU) en, aW avToig "iinroi's ooOovvTeg

aWt] Kai aWt] Trpoa-eirnrTOV, t6t€ Srj eToaTrrjcrav Sia

Tov vairov^ e? tov TroTa/mov. Kai airodvuuKova-L /meu 7

Tpia-^iXioi ev T>/ cbvytl, Tw^Te? ^e oXiyoi koi toutcou

€\}](pui]<Tav, oTi vXr] re Sacreia irpo tov iroTafj-ov ^v koll

vv^ €7rlyevojULevt] Tr]v aKpi^eiav r^? Sico^eco^ cKpelXero

T01/9 M.aK€oovag. avTcou §e Ma/cer^oVwi/ TeXeuTtjarai

Xeyet IlToAe^cai09 linriag fx\v evSeKa, TreTov^ Se a/j-dn

Tovg TearcrapaKovTa.

'Atto §e r>jg /Ua^>/9 Tpiraio^ acpiKPetrai 'AXe^av- HI.

OpOS eTTl TOV TTOTaiXOV TOV "IcTTpOV, TTOTafXCOV TWV KUTCl

Campaign '^''^ rjupu)7rr]v fxeyiiTTOV ovTU Koi TrXeia-Ttjv

on the ^ 1 / X „^ , , ,

Danube 7*^^ eTTep-^o/uLcvov Kai evvt] nayjiiXdOTUTa aireip-

aeain tthy^vTa, TO. fX€v TToXXu KeXri/cct, oOev ye koi 2

Getae. ^^ iDjyoi auTO) avLcryov(jiv, wv TeXevTaiov^

K^ouaSovg KOI M-apKOjULuvov^ ' eVi ^e ^avpofxaToov

fxolpav, ia(vya^' ein. ^e FeTa? tov^ ctTraOavaTi^ovTag'

eiri oe ^avpo/xaTa^ TOV<i nroWov^ ' ein ^e ^KvQa<s eVre

e-TTL Ta? CK/SoXag, "iva eKOiSoi kutu irivTe CTTOfxaTa i^

TOV rju^eivov ttovtov. evTavOa KaToXajUL/Bdvei avTio 3

^Kovcra? vavg fxaKpa? e/c Bv^avTiov Sia tov ttovtov tov

tju^eivov KQTa tov TroTajULOv. TavTag ejUirXija-ag

TO^OTwv T€ Kai ottXitwv Tt] vi](TO) eTTeirXei 'iva ol

ipijSaXXoi re Ka). 01 OpaKes ^vfXTredyevyoTe^ Tjcrav, Ka\

eireipaTo ^laYea-Qai Trjv airo^acriv. 01 Se jSdpjSapoi 4

am'jVTwv eiri tov iroTaixov biroi ai vrje^ irpocnriTTToiev

ai oe oXiyai re rjcrav Kai rj (TTpaTia ov TroXXrj i) eir

avTWv, Kai Trjg v)'](tov ra TroXXa airoTO/uLa e? irpoa--

BoX}']v, Kai TO pevfxa tov iroTajuov to Trap avT)'iv, ola

ANABASIS I, 4. 7

Sr] 69 (TTCVOV (TvyKeKXeLrrfievov , o^v kui airopov irpocr-

(pepecrOai.

"Eivda Si] 'AXe^avSpog airayayicv ra? vav9 eyvu) 5

Sia^alveiv tov "la-rpou eir] rovg reVa? tov^ irepav rov

larpov wKiajuevovg, on re avveiXeyfxevovs ewpa iroiX-

Xov^ eirl Ti] o-)(drj tov "larpov, 0)9 e'lp^ovrag, el dia~

^a'lvoL (riaav yap iTnrek fJ^ev eg T€TpaKia-)(iXiovg, Tre^ot

Se TrXeiovg twu /nvplcav) koi dfxa irodog eXa/Sev avrov

eir' €K€iva rov "larpov eXOeiv. roov fxev or] vewv 6

eire^r] avTog' rag Se SicpOepag v(p' ak ecrKyvouv Ttjg

Kapdjijg 7rXt]p(joarag Ka\ oaa fiovo^vXa TrXoia e/c Trjg

Yto)pa9 Pvi^ayaywu (^/v Se Ka\ tovtoov eviropia ttoXX?/,

OTi TOVTOig y^po^vrai ol irpocroiKOi tw ' IcrTpio €<p' aXieia

T€ Til €K TOV "laTpov KUI c'lTTOTe TTup aXX)]Xovg ava

TOV TTOTafjiov (jTeXXoivTO Ka\ XijcrrevovTeg utt' uvtmv

ol TToXXoi) ravTa 0)9 irXelaTa ^vvayaya)i> ^«e/3/|8a^ej/

ctt' auTWi/ T>7? (TTpaTLug oarovg SwaTOV t]v ev T(p

TOKfSe TpoTTM. Ka] ylyvovTai ol Sia^ai'Tcg a^a

^AXePavSpcp iTTireig fxeu eg -^iXiovg Kat irevTaKOcnovg,

ire'Co'i Se eg TeTpaKia-^iXiovg.

Aie^aXou Se Tijg vvKTogf]

X^iov ?;i/ ctltov paOv IV.

Ka] TavTU fxuXXov tl eXaOov 7rpocra")(OVTeg T^ o^a>/.

D tr = ^'^^ ^^ '^^'^ '^^ 'AXe^avSpog Sia tov Xr]iov iiye,

*'*'"it'*l**f^7ra|Oa'y'ye/Xa9 rotg jre^oig irXaylaig Tacg crapia--

the Qetae. ^^^^ eTTiKXlvovTug TOV (TiTov ouTW irpoayeiv

eg TO. ovK epyaaijua. ol oe iTrirelg ecrre p.ev oia tov

X}]iov TT/OO^ef r] (paXay^ e(pei7rovTO' cog oe ck toov 2

epyaa-ijuibov eprjXacrav, Ti]v /nev 'linrov eiri to oe^iov Kepag

avTog 'AXePavSpog irapi'jyaye, t^v (paXayya §e ev

8 AAEi^ANAPOY

irKaia-iw l^iKavopa ayeiv eKeXevcre. koi oi Terai ovSe 3

Tfjv irpwnjv e^l3oXr]u rwv iTrTrecou eSe^avTo' TrapaSo^Of

fxev yap avrot^ >) ToXjua ef^avrj rod 'AXe^av^pov, onevfxapw^ ovTW rov fxeyicrrov rcov TrorajUMP Sie/Se/S/jKei ev

fxia vvKTi Tov 'larpov ov yedyupcoaag top ttoooi/,

(po^epa Se koi t</9 (pdXayyo^ t] ^vyKXeicri^, ^la'ia ^e

t] TMv lirirewv e/x/3oX>/. koi ra [xev irpwra e? rhv iroXiv 4

Karacpevyovcriv, i) Stj aTrei-^ev avTOC(f oaov irapacrayyt^v

TOV ICTTpov w? de e-rrdyovTa elSou cnrovSi] 'AXePavSpov

Trjv fxev cpaKayya irapa tov TroTajULov, ws jutj kvkXco-

oelev TTt] at xe^ol epeSpevcrdvTcop twv VeTMV, tov^

fTTxea? 0€ Kara ^eTw-jrov, Xenrovaiv an Kai ti]v iroXiv

ot Verai kukw? TeTei-^i(Tfxev)]v, dvaXa^ovTeg twv iraiS-

apiwv Kai Tcov yvvaiKwv e-wi Tovg 'lttttov? oaa (hepeiv

ol iTTTTOi ijSvvavTO' rjv Se avTOig rj opjui] w? iroppw-

raTft) d-TTo TOV TroTafxov e? rd eprjfxa. 'AXe^uvSpog §e

TYjv T€ TToXiv Xu^^avci KOI Ttjv Xelau Truerav oa-rjv oi

VeTai vTreXeiTTOVTo. koi ti]v /mev Xeiav MeXedypo) koi

^iXiTrirw €7ravayayeiv SlScocriv' uvto^ Se /faTacr/ca\//-a9 5

Ti]V TToXlV dvei T€ CTt} Trj O^Q}} tov ^'IcTTpOV All

ZjWTrjpL Koi HpUKXei koi aVT(p TW "IcTTpM, OTl OVK

a-rropos avTw eyevcTO, koi eiravdyei avTrjg tjjULepas (twovs

a-vjULTravTa? eiri to a-TpaToireSov.

'^VTavOa dcpiKOVTO Trpea-^ei^ C09 'AXe^avSpov irapd 6

Te TWV aXXcov bcra avrovojua eOvt] irpoaoiKei tw "Icttow

Envoys '^"^ Trapa ^vpjuov TOv Tpi/SaXXSiv ^aa-iXeco^'

sent by „, * ^ IT \ ^ ^' -^ ' < '^ 'T ' '\

TriballiTTupa xveATwi/ de Tu>v ewi Tip Lovlw koXttw

and Celts,(jj^ia^evociv r]KOV lueydXoi ol KeXrol tu

awfxuTa Kai .fxeya iir). acplcri (bpovovvTe^ • TraVre? Se

ANABASIS I, 5. 9

cpiXia^ Trjg 'AXe^avSpov ednefxevoi i]KeLv e(pua-au. koi 7

iracTiv eSbOKe Tricrrei? 'AXe^ai'Spog koi eXa^e' tov^

KeXroi'? oe koI V/peTO o Ti fxaXicrTa oeoiTTeTai aJrofs

Tcov avQpwTTLVoiv, eXirKTa^ otl fxeya oi>o/ui.a to uvtov kui

e^^ KeXTOi/? Koi. en irpoawTepu) i'jKet kul otl avTov

fxaXicrTa iravTcov SeSievat <pr](70V<Ti. tm oe irap eXirioa 8

^vpe(3t] Twv KeXTftJv I] ciTTOKpicrig' ola yap Troppco re

u)KiuiJ.evoL 'AXe^dpSpou km "^oopia SvaTTOpa oiKovuTeg

Kai 'A.Xe^apSpov e? aXXa t>V opjULtju opawTcg ecbacrau

oeoiei'ai jUJiTroTe o ovpavo^ avTOC^ e/j.irea-OL. KUi tov-

Tovi (piXov^ Te ovoiJ.a<Ta<; KUi ^ujufxa-^ov^ Troifja-a/nevoi

OTTicrw a7re7re/Jt.yj/e, touovtov virenruiv otl oXaTove^

KeXrot elcTLv.

Ai/To? ^e eir ^A.ypLuvoov Km Tlaiovwv irpov-^uipeL. V.

evOa ot] ayyeXoL ucHlkovto uvtui J^XeiTOu Te tov Bao-

ovXew acbecTTavai ayyeXXouTeg koi VXavKiai^Revoltof ^

, ' — T^ ^ ' /3Clitusthe irpoa-Ke'^^wprjKevai uvtw tov 1 auAai'TLcov pacTL-

and Aea OL oe kul tovi} JxvTapLaTa^ eirLVijo-ecrvaL

Qlaucias. ,^ v , , ,y

,

^. ^ n.\

avTw KUTa Tt]V TTopeiav e^ijyyeXXov 6)V ot]

eveKa kutu (nrovorjv eooKCi uvai^evyvuiuL. Aayyapo? 2

oe 6 TOW Wypiapcoi' /SafrtXei/? ctl iJ.ev k(xi ^iXiTrTrov

(^wi'TOf acnra^ofJiei'Oif 'A.Xe^fxi'(^poi> 0/7X0? »/i' kul iSla

e-wperr^evcTe Trap' avTOV, TOTe Se Traprjv avTo-' fxeTu twu

vTraairLcrTwv, ocrov^ Te kuXXicttov^ kql evo7rXoTaTOu<f

a^(p' avTOV ei-^e' koi eireiSi] e/naOev v-wep Twv AvTapia- 3

TCOV irvvdavofxevov 'AXe^avSpop o'lTive^ re kul ottoo-ol

elei', ovk e<pr] -^pyjvai ev Xoyw TiOecrOai AvTapiaTa^ •

elvai yap airoXe/uLuiTaTOvg twv TavTrj' kul avTO?

e^lSaXeii/ e? Ttjv yoopav avToou, co? ajUKpl tu crcbeTepa

10 AAESANAPOY

/uL(7X\6v Ti 'i^oiev. Kou KeKeva-avTO^ 'AXe^avopov e/x-

(3aX\€i e? avTovg- /cat eju^aXoov rjye koi ecpepe Tt]v

ywpav avTcov.

Avrapiarai juev St] a/ui(p'i. to. avroov ei^ov • Aay- 4

yapoif Se to. re aXXa eniuyjOi] jULeyaXoag irpog 'AXe^av-

Spov Koi Swpa eXafSev oaa lueyia-ra irapa pacriXel to)

M.aKeS6voov vofxl'teTai' koi rrjv aSeXcpiju Ttjv'AXe^auopov

J^vvav KOI TavTt]v w/xoXoyj/cre Suxreiv avTw HeAXaj/

achiKOjUievo) 'AXe^avSpo^.

'AXXa Adyyapo9 jmeu er/raueXOcov o'lKaoe vocrw 5

ereXevTW^v- 'AXe^avSpog Se irapa rov 'Kpiyoua

TTOTajuiov 7rop€v6/ui.evo9 6? Yli'iXiou TToXiv ea-TeXXeTO.

TavTrjv yap KaTeiXr']<p€i 6 KXe/Vo9 009 6-)(iip(jOTart]v rw

ywpag' Koi Trpog ravTi^v w? }]K€v 'AXe^avSpog, Kara-

(TTpaToireSevcrag ttjOO? tw '^opSa'i'KW iroTa^w tJ]

vurepala eyvcoKei irpocr^dXXeiv tm re/^et. ol §e ufKp] 6

rov KXeiTou to. KVKX(f> rtjg TroXew? opt], VTrepSe^ia re

ovra KOI Saa-ea, Kareiyov, W9 iravToQev eTriTiOea-Oai,

T019 M.aKe§6(Tiv, ei rr] iroXei irpocr^aXXoiev VXavKta^

§e avTCp 6 TMV TavXavTiwv (BaaiXev? outtm irapriv.

'AXePav§p09 /mev St] Tt] iroXei TrpoartjyeV ol Se iroXe- y

fxioi (T&tayiarrdfxevoL TraiSa? rpek KOt Kopag 'laag rov

dpiOnxov Koi. Kpiov? jUiiXavag Tpek, o)pixr]VTO p.ev o)?

Se^ojuevoi e? x^^P^^ '^^^^ MaKcSovag ' 6fJ.ov §e yevo-

juievcov e^eXiTTOv KalroL Kaprepd ovra to. KaT€iXt]fx^em

Trpo? cr<poi)v x^P^^> ^^'^^ '^^'- ''"" o'(pd.yia avTMV Kare-

Xr'jchOt] en Kei/neva.

Tavrrj fxev §h ry ntJ-epa KaraKXeia-a? avrovg e? 8

Ti]v TToXiv Koi a-rparoTreSeva-d/txevos irpos tm t€1)(€1

ANABA2IS I, 5. 11

iyvwKei irepiTeiyj-crixu) aTroKkeiarai avTOv<i ' rrj oe vaTepaia

Traprjv jmera ttoXX^? Swafxeco? TXavKia? 6

before Tcov TavXavTicov jSactXei;?. ev9a orj AXe^av-Pelion, „ , , f^ •, r ,^ ^ „ y\Ciitas' opo? T^v jULeu iroAiv aireyioo eAecv ui^ t,vi^ Trj

Capital. / ^ ' \ A -^ \ , < \ \

Trapovcrr} ovvafxei, iroXAwv fxev e? avrrjv Kai

jULa-vifxcov PufXTrecbevyoTociv, ttoXXoov §e dfxa tw TXavKia

7rpo(TKei(TOfxev(iov, ei avro^ TU) Tetj^ei 'n-po(r^a-)(oiTO.

^ikwrav Se avaXa^ovra twv linrecov 6(tov9 eg 7rpo<pu- g

XuKijv Koi TO. VTTO^vyca T« e/f tou crrpaTOTreSov e?

€7ri(TtTia-/jiov eVe/xxej/. koi 6 TXavKiag fiaOcou tjjj^ op/iitjv

TCOV afJL<pl ^iXoorav ePeXavvei e7r' avTOvg, koi KaraXa/ui.-

^avei TCI kvkXw opt] tov ireolov, oQev ol ^vv ^iXooto.

eTTKriTieicrOai efxeXXov. 'AXe^avSpog Se, eTreiS)] airily- \o

yeXOt] avTM otl KivSvvevoucriv ol re LTrire'ig Km Ta

vTTo'i'vyia, €1 i/vP avTovg /caTaA>7\|/eTaf, avTog /mev ava-

Xa^cov Tovg Te inraa-KicrTag koi tous TO^OTag Kai Tovg

'Ayotava? Koi iirTreag e? TeTpaKOcrlovg e^o/jOei (nrovo}]

'

TO Se aXXo (jTpaTevixa Trpos rf; iroXei aireXnrev, o)? /x>/

airo-)(wp)](javTO<s iravTO^ Tov crTpaTov kui ol e/c t//9

TToXeoos eTTiSpafJLOVTeg Toh a/mtpl TXauKlau ^vfi^l^eiav.

'ivda Si] TXavKlag ttpoorayovta 'AXe^avSpov aiaOo/ne- i i

vog eKXelirei tu oprj ' ol Se ^uu ^iXwTa u<T(paX(Jog ewi

TO (TTpaTOTreSov SieaooOtjcrav. eSoKOVv o eTi tov

'AXePavSpov ev Sua"^wpla aTreiXtjcpeuai ol afxchi tov

K^XeiTOv Koi TXauKiav • to. re yap 6p>] tu virepde^ia

KaTeiYov TToXXoig fxev linrevcri, TroXXolg oe uKovTccrTats

Kul (T(b€vSov7]Taig Ku] oirXiTaig Se ovk oXlyoig, Kai

ol ev Ttj TToXei KaT€iXt]im.iuevoi TrpocrKeKjecrQai airaX-

XaTTOfxivoLg efieXXov • to. re yoopla Si a>u /} 'n-apoSos 12

12 AAESANAPOY

^u TU) 'AXe^ai'Spo) (TTeva koi v\o)Sri e(paiveTO, tj; jmeu

Trpog Tov TTOTU^ov cnreipyojULCva, t>; ^e opof virep-

v\pi]\ov tjv Ka\ Kprjfxvol 7rpo<i tov opovs, coaTe ovSe

CTTi Tecrcrapcov acnrlocov av tw crTpaTevfji.aTi rj irapoSo^

eyeveTO.

EivOa ot] eKTaacrei tov cTTpaTov 'AAe^aj/0009 f? » I.

eKUTOV Kai eiKocri to ^aOoii Tfjg (paXayyo^' eir] to

Kenag oe eKaTepcoOev SiaKocrioug tTTTrea? eiriTapagDefeat of '

, - v v ,

Ciitus and irapt'jyyeWe o-iytj kj(eiv, to irapayyeWofxevovaiaucias. ,>-, « , '

v v , ^ , ,

o^ea)9 oeyofievovg ' kui tu fxev irpwTa e(T7)iuit]V€v 2

opOa avaTelvai Ta oopaTa Tov<i oirXiTag, eweiTa airo

^uvO)j/uLaTO? aTTOTeiuai e? Trpo^oXii'jv, kcu vvv fxev eg to

oe^iov eyKXivai tcov oopuTcoi' Ttjv cruyKXeicriu, avOig oe

CTTL Ta apicTTepa' koi avTi])^ oe Tijv (paXayya eg re to

Trpocro) o^ecog eKivt](T€ kui cttI to. KepaTa aXXoTe aXA>/

irapriyaye. Kai ovtw iroXXag Ta^eig Ta^ag re Kai 3

jueTaKoa-jUi/jcrag ev oXiyw -^povM, kutu to evwvvixov

olov e'lm/BoXov Troirjcrag Tfjg (paXayyog eirriyev ex) Tovg

TToXe/uLLOug. 01 Se TrdXai juev edavixa'Cov ti]V re o^v-

TtjTa opwvTeg kui tov koct/jlov twv cpw^evwv TOTe

^e ITpo(TayovTag >jot] TOvg ajiKp}. ^AXe^avSpov ovk

eoepavTO, aXXa XeiTTOva-i Tovg irpwTOvg Xocbovg. 6 a

§e Ka). eTTaXaXd^ai eKeXeucre Toug Ma/ce^oVa? ku). TOig

Sopacri SouTTtjcrai Trpog Tag dcnrlSug' ol Se TauXavTioi

eTL fxdXXov eKTrXayevTeg irpog T^jg ^o>]g cog Trpog Tt]v

TToXiv CTrav/jyayov (TTrouou tov crTpaTOv.

^'AXePavopog oe Xo(pov Tivag KUTe'^ovTag locov ou 5

TToXXoug Tu>v TToXejuicov, Trap' ov avTO) tj TrapoSog

eyiyveTO, Trapi'iyyeiXe Toig (jo)ixaTO(puXa^L kui tocs

ANABA2I2 I, 6. 13

afjL(p' avTOv era/oot?, avaXa^ovTag ra? ucrTrlSag ava-

(Saivetv eir} Tovg '/ttttoi;? kui €\avv€ii> eiri tov yi'jXo-

(hov CKelae Se e\66vTa<;, el vwojuevoieu ol KareiXfj-

(poTc^ TO ^oopLov, Tov'i rjfxicrea^ KaraTrrjOtjcrai airo twv

"nrlficv KOI avaiJLi-^evTa<; roig 'nnrevcn ire'tovg /«ap^e-

(rdai. 01 §e iroXefxiot rijv opfxtjv rrjv ^AXe^dvSpov 6

loovTeg XeiTTOvcri tov yrjKodiov kcu irapeKKKivovcriv ed)'

eKarepa twu opcov. evOa Si] KaraXa/Sutv 'AXe^a^^iOO?

TOP yrfkocpov <rvv Toh eTalpoi^ Tovq re 'A.ypiavag

jueTaTrejUireTac Ka] Tou<i TOpOTag, ovTag ig oia"^iXiovg'

Tovg Se uiracnrKTTa.'i Sia^a'iveiv tov iroTa/xov CKeXevcre

Ka), eirl TOVTOig Tug Tapei<; twv M.aKeS6vwv ottotc

Se Sia^avT€(; Tu')(^oiev, e7r' acnriSa eKTaa-crea-dai, co?

TTUKvrjv evOv? Sia^dvTWv (baivecrOai Trju (paXayya'

ai'ro? Se ev irpochyXaKij cov diro tov Xocpov ucbecopa

TU)V TToXejuicov Trjv op/uLt'jv. ol Se, opwvTe? Sia^alvov- 7

aav Trjv Suvafxiv, kutu. tu oprj avTeTrijecrav, w? Toh

lULeTU 'AXe^di'Spov eTriOtjorofxevoi TeXevTaioig diro'^w-

povcriv. 6 Se TreXaTovTwv "jSri auro? eKQel avv Toig

ujucp^ avTov, Ka\ rj cpaXay^, o)? Sia tov TTOTafiov

eiriovcra, eTDjXaXa^ev 01 Se iroXejunoi TrdvTWv ein

<T(pd? eXavvovToov eyKXivavTeg echevyov Kai ev tovtu>

cTTijyev ^AXe^avSpog Tovg re 'A.ypuiva'; koi tov^ to^o-

Ta<; Spojjup ft)? exi tov TroTafxov. koi irpooTog fxev 8

avT09 (pOacrag SiajSalvei' Toig TeXevTaioig Se cog etSev

e-jriKeijjLevovg Tovg 'TroXefxiovg eincTTrfcrag eir\ t>; ov0/;

Tag iJL}]-ya.vag e^aKOVTiYeiv wg TroppwTaTW citt' avTcov

eKeXeuaev bcra airo /xrjyftvMv ^eXtj ePaKOVTiteTai' kcu

Tovg To^OTag Se e/c jmea-ou tov TroTuidLov eKTOpeveiv

14 AAE;5?ANAP0Y

€7recr/3avTag Kai tovtov?. kqi ol [xev aiut.(pi tov V\av-

Kiau eicrw /SeXov? TrapeXOeiv ovk eToKfxuiv ol Ma/ce-

^ove^ §e ev tovto) acrdioXot)? CTrepacrav tov TOTajuov,

co(TT€ ouoe]!^ OLTreQavev ev Tt] airo'^oon/jarei avTcov.

TpiTi] Se air' eKeivijg ^/w-epo. KaTafxaOoov 'AXe^av- 9

Spo? KaKOO? auXiTojuevoui roi'? afKp] }^\eiTov koi

YXavKiav, Kat oure (pvXaKag ev Tij ra^ei avTOi?

(pvXaTTOjUieva^ oure -j^apaKa >/ Tacppov 7rpo/3e^X}]iui.evou^,

oia Srj ^uv (po^co OLTrrjXXa-^Oai oio/uevcov 'AXe^avSpov,

e? fjLfJKog oe ovk oxpeXi/mov uTroTeTafjievrjv uvtoi9 Trjv

Ta^iv, VTTO vvKTa eTL XaOoov Sia/Scuvei tov iroTa/JLOv,

TOV9 re u7raor7ri(TTa9 d/na ol aycov Ka\ tov^ 'A.ypia.va^

Kou Tov^ TO^OTa? Kai Tt]v YlepSiKKou Koi. KoiVou

Tu^iv. Kai irpocTTeTaKTO fxev aKoXovOeiv t>]v aXX>]v lo

(TTpaTiav cog §e Kaipov elSev eig e-TrlOecriv, ou irpocr-

fxeLvag ofjLov yevecrOai iravTag edytJKe Tovg TO^oraf

Koi TOV? 'Aypiavag' ol (5e uTrpocrc^OKtjTol re e-KLirea-ov-

T€? Kai (paXayyi KaTU Kepag, fjirep aardevecTTaTOig

avToh KapTepoiTaTf] Tfj e/n^oXr] Trpoar/uLi^eiv ejiieXXov^

Toug fxev eTi ev Taig evvaig KUTeKTeivov, Tovg oe

cbevyovTag ev/Jiapm alpovvTeg, cocrTe iroXXoi /nev avTOv

eyKUTeXi'icbOtjcrav Kai a-ireOavov, iroXXoi oe ev tij utto-

v(jop)j(r€i aTaKTOp Kai (ho^epa yevo/ULevii' ovk oXiyoi

Se KOI rcoi/re? eXycpOrja-av. eyeveTO de r] Sico^ig Toig j i

OLfxcbi 'AXepavopov Me'xP' Trpog ra oprj toov lavXav-

t/oov* ocroi Se kuI aireipvyov avTwv, yvfxvo] toov

ottXoov §iearu)6r](rav. KXetTO? ^e e'? tw ttoXiv to

irpwTOV KaTa(pvya)v ejHTrprjcrag t>]v ttoXiv aTrtjXXayrj

irapa TXavKiav eg TavXavTioug.

ANABASIS I, 7. 15

'Ej/ TOVTCp Se rwv (bvydScov Tivh toh' e/c Qrj^MV V II.

(pevyopTcov TrapeXOovTa vmTo^p h ra? Qijpag eira-

youivwu Tii'MU avTOvg eiri i/ewTepia-fxa) e/c t>]9

Macedo= TToAewf A/ULVVTUV juev Kai 1 ijULoAaoi^ Tcov T>]V

nian rising y^ „ , , , ,n, f r

in Thebes, ]\.adjn.eiav ey(ovT(t)v ovoev VTroTOTrtja-avra^ iro-

XejULiov e^oo Tfjs Ka^/xe/a? vireKTeivav ^vKKa-

jSovTeg • e? <5e Trjv €KK\t](Tiav TrapeXOovre? eTrtjpav Tovg 2

Qt](3aiovs airoa-Ttjvai citto 'AXe^apSpov, eXevOepLUP re

irpoicryoiJievoi kou Trappfjcrlav, TraXaia kul KaXa ovofxara,

Koi. Ttji j3apvTt]TOi Twu Ma/ce^oVtov tjor] irore aTraXXa-

yrjvai. TTiQavwTepoL §e e? to TrXtjOo? ecpaivovTO

TeOvtjKevai 'AXe^avSpou ia")(upi^6/jLepoi ev 'IXXvpioc? '

Koi yap Koi ttoXu? 6 Xoyog ovTog kui irapu ttoXXwv 3

efboira, on re -^ovov (nrrjv ovk oX'tyov kul otl ovoefiia

ayyeXia Trap' avrov a<piKTO, coarre, birep (piXei ev T019

ToioicrSe, ov yii'(i)(TKOPT€? ra bvTa Ta [xuXicrTa kuu

rj^ovt]V (T(i)L(Tiv eiKaTov.

WvQoiJievM §e 'AXe^avSpM to. twv Q>]^aio)v ovSajum 4

eSoKei a/uLeXtjrea ehai, Tt'jv re twv ^A.6r]vaio}v iroXiv 61

uiro^p^ia^ €K TToXXov '^yovTi Ka\ twv Qrjpa'iociv to toX-

fxrijuLa ov (havXov iroiovfxevu), el AaKeSaifMOvioi re iraXai

t'/Srj rah yuwfxaiii oKpecrTrjKOTeg Kai Tiveg kui aXXoi twv

ev UeXoTTOvvi^a-u) Ka). AiTwXol ov ^e/3aioi bvre? crvvein-

Xtjyp^ovrai tov vecorepicrniov roh Or]^atoi9. ayu)v o»; 5

irapa Ttjv 'ISiopSatav re Kot TJ/f '^XifxicoTiv kui irapa ra

T»/9 ^TVfxchala? Ku] Tlapavaia^ OLKpa e^Sojuaio? acpiK-

vetrai 69 TleXlvvav rrjg QeTToXla^. evOev Se 6p/JLi]6et?

€KT}] yjimepa ea-^dXXei eg Tt]v BoicoTiav, cocrTe ov Trpocruev

ol Oi]j3aioi efxaOov e'lcroo TlvXcov TrapeXtjXvOora avrov

16 AAE/E^ANAPOY

Trpiv ev 'Oy)^}](TTcp yevea-Qai ^vv rri (TTparia Tracrr}.

Kui Tore ce ol Trpd^avre? rtjv cnrocrTaa-iv crTpaTevjUia e/c 6MaK€§ovia9 'AvTiirarpov ncpi-^^Oai €(pa(rKov, avrov Se

'AXe^avSpov reOvdvai Sua")Qjpi^oi'TO, Koi rok cnray-

yeXKovariv on ovto^ ai'ro? Trpoadyei 'AXe^avSpog

)(aXe7rft)9 el-^ov aWov yap riva i'lKeiv 'AXe^avSpop tov

'AepOTTOV.

O Se 'AXe^avSpog e^ ^Oyy^rjcrrov apa<s r^] va-repala 7irpoa-tjye irpoq Ti]v iroXiv twv Qt]^a'uov Kara to tov

Alexander i^oXaov re^i€vo<i' ou St] Ka] €crrparoireSev(T€v,

beflTrT^ ej^^i^oi/? en TOig Qtj^aioi? rpi^rjv^ ei fxeray-Thebes. ' » \ . ^ , ,

vovT€9 eirt T019 KaKw<s eyvcoa-fxepoK; irpecr-

/Sevcraii'TO Trap' avrov. ol Se roarovrov eS'etjcrav 8

€vS6(TLiJ.6v ri 7rapaG"^eu' eg ^v/u^aaiv, ware eKQ'eovreg

eK rrjg iroXewg o'l re iTnreig Kai rcou yp^iXwv ovk oXiyoi

ecrre ein. ro crrparoTreSov rjKpo^oXiTovro eg rag

-wpocpvXaKag, kui rivag Kai cnreKreivav ov iroXXoug

rwv MaKeSopcov. Ka\ 'AXe^avSpog eKiri/JLirei rcDv \^iXuii/ qKac ro^orwv, cocrre avrwv avacrrelXai ri]v eKSpo/m^v ' Ka}

ovroi ov -^aXeTTwg dvea-reiXav »'/§}] ru) arrparoTreSu^ avru)

Trpocrcpepojuevovg. rtj Se varrepaia dvaXa^oov rrjv crrpa-

riav irdaav Kai TrepteXOwv Kara rag TrvXag dyepova-ag

eir ^^Xevdepag re Ka\ rrjv 'ArriKi'ju, ovSe rore irpocre-

fxi^e roig rei-^eaiv avrolg, aXX' ea-rparoireSevaev ov

TToXv aire-^Mv rTjg K^aS/uLeiag, cocrre eyyvg eh>at <jo(peXeiav

ru)V ^aKeSovwv rolg rrjV K-aS/melav e-^ovcriv. ol yap jqOrj^aioi rrjv J^aofxelav SnrXu> yapaKL ecbpovpovv citto-

rei-^icravreg, wg /m^re e^wOev riva rolg eyKareiXjjfx-

mevotg SvvacrOai eTTCocpeXeiv, jmt'jre avrovg CKOeovrag

ANABASIS I, 8. 17

^/KOLTTTeiv Ti (T(pag OTTore roh e^o) TroXe/x/ot? 7rpo(T(he-

poivTO. 'A.Xe^ai'Spog oe (en yap roi? Qti/Baioig Sia

(piXiag eXOeiv juaWov ti 5/ Sia kivovvov yOeXe) Sierpi/Se

7rpo9 TT] J^aSfxela KarecrTpaTOTreSevKoog. evOa Srj twv 1

1

0}]^aio)u oi p-ev tu ^iXTicrra e? to koivov yiyvuxTKOVTe^

e^eXOeiv wpjur]i^TO vrao' \AXepavopov Koi evpecrOat crvy-

yvcojixtjv Tip TrXrjOei T(hv Orj/BuLaiv t>]9 cnrocTTacreci)';' ol

(puyaoeg oe koi ocroi TOf? (puydSa'i e-mKeKkruxivoL rjaav,

ovSevog (pi\av9pu>7rou TV)(eiv uv Trap* 'AXe^di'^pov

a^iouvT€9, dWcog re koi (ioiwTapyovvTeii ecrTiv ol avToav,

TravTairacriv evijyov to irXijOog eg tov TroXefxov. 'AXe-

^avopo? oe ouo^ W9 tt] iroXei irpocre^aXev.

'AXAa Xiyei IlToXeyaafof o Kdyov oti JlepSiKKag, VIII.

7rpoTeTayfievo9 Ttjs <^uXa/c^9 tov (TTpaTOTreSov crvv ti]

avTOv TaPei kcu tov yapaKo? twv TroXetxicovThebes

, ,^

, , , , ,razed to ov iroXv a(j)e(TT>]Koc>g, ov 7rpocr/ui.eivag Trap'

ground, AXe^apopov TO 69 T>]v fxa-^i]}/ Pvv6t]iJLa avTO<;335 B.C. „ , }^ o ^ r n ,

TTjOWTO? TTpo(T€fxi^e TM ^(ipuKi Kut omcTTTacra?

avTOv eve/SaXev e? tmv Qrij^aLdov Trjv itpofbvXaKrjv . tovto) 2

oe eTTOjuevo? 'Afxvi^Tag 6 'A^vSpoju-euovg, oti koi PvvTe-

TayfJ.evog Tw ilepoiKKn i]v, eiry'iyaye K<xi avTog tvjv

avTov Ta^iv, (io? el^e tov HepSiKKai/ irpoeXrjXvOoTa e'/crco

TOV ^apa/co?. tuvtu Se iScou ^AXe^avSpog, to? /mr] [xovoi

airoXt^cpdevTeg irpog twv Otj^aicov KivSweva-eiav, eirriye

T>]P aXXtjv (jTpaTiav. kui tov? juev to^otu? ku] tov<; 3

'Aypidvag eKSpajULetv ecrriixrivev e'laio tov y^dpaKog, to

oe dyrjiua re koi Tovg v'jracrTncrTag eTi epw KaTeiyeu.

evOa at] YlepoiKKai^ juev tov oevTepov "^apaKOf e'laoo

TrapeXOelv ^iwCdixevo<i avTog jmeu jSXtjdeh ir'iirTei av-

18 AAEgANAPOY

Tov' KOI airoKOjJ.l'CeTai kukco? e^wv cTn. to (rrpaTOTre-

oov, KOI ^aXeTTCo? oiecrwOi] airo tov TpaufxaTo^' Tovg

/xevTOi Qrj/Satov? eg Tt]v Koi\t]v oSov Tt]v kutu to

'HjOa/cXeioi' (pepovaav ol d/j-a cwtw eicnrea-oi'Teg o/uov

Tolg Trap' ^AXe^ai/Spov TO^OTUig (TUveKXeicrav. Koi ecrre 4

/iX€v eTTi TO Hoa'/cXeiov avayuypovaiv e'nrovTO TOi?

Qt]^aioig' evTevQev Se eTricTTpe^avTwv avOig crvu /3o>;

Tiov Ot]/3aio)u (hvyrj tu)V M.aK€6ovu)v yiyveTai ' kui

EJou/Scora? re o Koj/p TriTTTei 6 Topapyjjg kui avTcov

Tociv TOPoTcov €? epoojuLi'jKoi'Ta' oi o€ Xoiiroi KaTeipvyov

TTjOO? TO ayijjua to tcov ^laKeSopwv Koi. tov? viraa-

TTtlTTa? T0V<S ^acriXlKOVg. KOLV TOVTU) 'AXe^ai'opo9 Tovg 5

/uLev avTov (pevyovTag KaTiScoi^, Tovg Qtj^aiovg oe XeXvK-

OTug €v TiJ Siw^ei T>;r Ta^iv, e/x^dWcL eg avTOvg

crvvT€TayiJ.evri th (paXayyi' oi Se (hOoucri Tovg Orjpaiovg

e'tcrco Tcov irvXcoV kui TOig QijjSatoig eg Toaovoe rj cpvyi]

(po^epa eylyveTO, coaTe Siu twv ttvXcov coOovfxevoi eg

T)]v TToXiv ovK e(pOi]G-av (TvyKXelarai Tug nrvXag' aXXa

crvveia-TriTTTOVcri yap avTocg e'lcrco tov Tei'^oug bcroi toov

Ma/ce^oVtoi' eyyvg (pevyoi/Tuiv e'l^ovTO, aVe Kai twu

Tef)(u)v Sia Tag irpocpvXaKag Tag iroXXag epyj/uoov ovtoov.

KOI 7rapeX96vTeg eig Trjv J^aSfxelau ol fiev eKciOev KaTa 6

TO 'A.iui(p€iov (Tvv Toig KaTe-)(ovari Tr]v J^aofxeiav e^e^aivov

eg Trjv aXXt]v ttoXiv' oi Se KaTO. to. Te'iyrj, e^ofxeva >'jor]

TTOO? TU)V (JvveicrirerTOVTwv TOig (pevyovcrip, vireppavTeg

eg TTjv ayopav SpojUiU) edyepovTO. Ka\ oXlyov /iiev Tiva 7

y^povov e/j-eivav ol TeTayfxevoi toov Qt]^aio)U kutu to

'A.jUL(peiov • u)g Se iravTa-yoOev avToJg ol Ma/ceooj/e?

KCLi *AXe^avSpog aXXoTe aXXt] etricbaivoixevog irpoa-e-

ANABASIS I, 9. 19

KcivTo, ot fxev iTTTreh tuiv 0>;/3a/ci)i/ SieKTrecrouTei; Sia

Tt}9 TToXewg €9 TO ireoiov epeTTLiTTOv, ol oe Tre^oJ (1)9

eKacTTOig irpov-^dopei ecrwCovTO. euOa §>] opyij ovy 8

ovTwg Ti Ol MuKeSoves^ aXka ^cokci^ re kuc IlAaTaie??

Kai OL aXXoi oe aoicoToi ovoe a/uLuvo/uLevov? eTi tov^

Qtj^alovi ovSen koctjulw eKTeivov, tovs /xev ev xacs

oiKiaL's eTreKTiriTrTovTe^, oi/? Se Koi, e? aXKtjv reT/oa/x-

/ixevov^, TOff oe kui tt^oo? lepoig iKerevovra^, ouTe yvvai-

KMv OUT6 iraiowv (heioofxevoi.

Ka< iraBoi} tovto tjWrjviKov fieyeOei t€ Trj^ IX..

aXoucr;/9 TroXeo)? Km 6^vti]ti tov epyou, oi'^ iJKiuTa

oe Kai TO) irapaXoyui e? re Toixi TraQovra^ kuiDigre8=

, , ' ' '

^

sion. TOL'9 opacravTa^, ov [xeiov ti toi'9 aWov<iReflections,^

„ r , v ,

on the rjWrjvaii i} Kai avTOvg tov? jUi.€Tua"voi'Ta? tovdisaster. „ '>-'>, >- ^ ' ^ ^ V ^' oepyou e^e7rA>/^e. ra fxev yap irepi Z^iKeXiav 2

A.0i}vaLOi? ^vveve-^QevTa, ei Ka\ irXyOei tcou a7roXofJt.epwv

ou jueiova Ttjv ^u/ii(popav t>/ iroXei ijveyKev, aXXa tw re

TToppo) airo T^9 oiKeiag SiaipOaptjvai avToi? tov crTpaTOv,

Kai TOV TToXvv ^ufJifxa-^^^iKov fiaXXov i] oiKeiov ovTa, koi tm

Tfjv TToXiv avTOi? 7repiX€i(hO>]vai, w? koi e? vcxTepov cttI

TToXu TM TToXe/ucp avTia")(eiv AaKeSaifxovioig re Ka} toc9

^u^^a-)^oi9 Ka\ fxeydXcp ^acriXei TroXeimovvTag, ouTe av-

Tofp T019 Tradovcriv 'irrrjv Tt]v a'laOijcriv tw ^vjudjopa?

irpoorevtjKev, ovTe To?g aXXoi? "EXXrjcri tijv tTrl t^o

irauei cKirXtj^iv oiuolav Trapea-^e. Kai to ev A.iy6? 3

TTOTaixol? avOig 'A^Orjvaiwv TTTaicfxa vqvtikov Te Tjv

Kai ri TToXi? ovoev aXXo oti fxtj toov /maKpwv Teivwv

KaOaipea-ei koi veiev twv ttoXXmv TrapaSoa-ei koc

a-Teg^a-ei Tijg ap^rjg is TaireivoTtjTa cKpiKO/nevt] to tc

20 AAESANAPOY

a-^yj/iia to iruTOiov oiulco<? ecbvXape KOi Tr]v ovvafxtv ov

Sia fiaKpou T>]v TToXai aveXa^ev, o)? tu t€ fxaKpu

Tei-^r] eKTeiyj.crai Koi tJ;? OaAacrcrj;? av6L<s eiriKpaTtjcrai

KOI T0U9 Tore (po/Sepovg a-ipicri Aa/ceoat/jtoj'iou? koi

Trap oXiyov eXOovTai; acbapicrai Ttjv ttoXiv uvtov^ ev

TU) juepei CK TU)v ecr-^drow klv^vvuiv SiacnocracrOai.

A.aKeoaiiu.oi'icov re au to kutu AeuKTpa koi Maj'r/- 4

veiav TTTaicTiJLa rw irapaXoyw /ncxXXou ti t>]9 ^u/JL(popa?

5; T(p 7rXj/0et toov ye aTroXofxevoov Tovg A^aKeSainioviov^

e^eirXri^ev' ij re ^vv '^7rafX€ivu>p§n Boiootwp koi

'A.pKaooi)v yevofxei'r] irpocr^oXt] ttjOO? Ttjv ^7rapTi]V kou

avTt] T(p aijOeL T'/? oy^eiog /JiuXXov r] Trj aKpi(3eia tcov

Kiv^vvwv avTOiiis T6 Tovg A^aKeSai/movLOVs koi tov^

^vfXjueTaa-^ovTa? avTotg twv t6t€ Trpay/uaTcov ecpolBrj-

(T€V. }] Se Si] YLXaTai€(t)v dXuxris t»/9 iroXecog tJ] (tjuli- 5

KpoTfjTi T(tiv eyKUTaXyjCpOevTcov, oti ol iroXXoi avTcov

6LUTre(hevye<jav iraXai fs Tag 'AO)yra?, ov jueya Tra-

6>]/uLa ey'eveTO' Kai tj JAL/Aof koi ^Kiwvt]^ aXcocri^,

vr]<Tiu)TiKa Te TroAicriULaTa >/v Kai toi<^ apua-auiv aia-^v-

vriv /nuXXov tl Trpocrk/SaXev 5/ eg to PviJ-irav YjXX}]vikov

fxeyav tov irapaXoyov irapecr'^e.

Q}j/3a[oi9 Se TU T>7? dwocrTacrewg o^ea kui ^uv 6

ovoevl Xoyiarfxip yepofxeva, kui rj dXcocrig oi oXiyou

Te KOI ov Pvv irovu) Twu eXovTwv PweveyQelaa, Kai

6 (povo? TToXug, ola or] ep 6/ui.o(pvXu)u Te kui TraXacag

aire-^Oela? CTre^toPTcov, Kai 6 Tt]9 TroXeoog -wavTeXtj^

avopairoSicrixoii, Svva.fJ.ei Te Ka\ S6^>] e? to. TroXejuia

Tu>p TOTe 7rpoe-^ov(Tr]g ev TOi? ''rjXXrjcriv, ovk e^oo tov

eiKOTog eig juLT]nv t>]u airo tov Oeiov apr]ve-^6t], cog 7

ANABASIS I, 9. 21

T^9 T€ ev TO} Mj/ot/co) TToXejuw Trpooocria^ tou' EXX)/i/ft)i'

Skx fxaKOOv TavTr]v oiKtjv CKTiaavTa^ Qf](3aiovi}, Ka]

T>]<i HXaraiMu ev re Tah crirovoal^ KaraXyj^ewq kou

rod iravTeXov? avdpa7rooi(T/ut.ov r//? iroXewg, koI t^?

Twv irapaSovTOiV <T(pa^ \aKeSaifJ.0VL0is oi'^ EiX\t]PiK>]^

yevoiJ.evri<i ^la Qt]l3aiovg a-cpaytjg, kui tou ^(wpLOv r^?

ept}iJ.w(Teu)<s ev oto) ol ' EXA»/i^e? TrapaTaPajuevoi Mr'jSoig

(iTTcoa-avTO tij? EAXaoo9 Tov kIvouvov, ku] otl 'A^Otj-

vaiou^ avTOi Ttj \^)'i(p(p uttcoWvov oVe virep avSpa-

TTooccr/uiov ri/f TToAewf yvwjut] irpovTeOrj ev toi? Aa«:e-

oaijULOvlcov ^v/uLfxa-^oi?. eTre). koc irpo r^? Pvfx(popa9 8

TToWa airo tov Oetov eTTKDjjm.yjvai eXeyeTO, a SI] ev

fxev TW irapavTiKa >]/ULe\i'i6>], vcrTepov Se tj luv/i/ut]

avTu e? \oyi(TiJ.ov tov e/c iraXai ein Toh ^uveve-vOela-i

7rpo(Tt]/txavOt]vai av/jveyKe.

A Oi"? oe ixeTaar-yovcn tov epyov Pvhixw^ok;, oh S}j 9

KOI €7reTpe\^ev AXe^avopof tu kutu Tug Gj//3a9 Sia-

Oeivai, T)]v fxev K.aS/uLeiav (ppovpa KaTe-^eiv

of the eSo^e^ Ttjv ttoXiv Se KaTacrKCxy^ai e<V eSachog, kolThebans.

, , _ . ^ , „ ,

T}]v yQjopav KaTaveijuai to/? pvjujui.a-^oig oat] fx)]

iepa avTrjii' iralSag Se koI yvvaiKa? Koi. oaoi VTreXelirovTO

yyijpaicoVj 7rXr]v tmv lepewv re K(xt lepetcov Ka\ ocroi Pevoi

^iXiTTTTOu 5/ 'AXe^dvSpov >] ocroi Trpo^evoi Ma/ce^o-

vcov eyevovTO, avSpairoSicrai. koi t'jv TLivSapov Se lO

TOV TTOll^TOV OLKLUV KUL TOVg UTTOyOVOVg TOV illV-

vapov Xeyovcnv otl SiecbvXa^ev 'A.Xe^avSpog aiSoi

Ttj WivSapov. ein TOVTOig 'Op-^ojixevov re Kcii ITXa-

Tuias avacTTtjcrai re koi Tef^icrui ol ^vfj-jxa'^OL eyvco-

aav.

22 AAES/ANAPOY

E? oe Tovi a'AXof? "EXAj/i^a? w? €^}}yye\0i] tu)v X.

Qt]paio)i> TO 7ra6o9, 'A^pKaSef fxev ocroi ^Oi]6}]<Toi'Tei

Qijf^aioig airo Ttjg oiKeia? copiurjOtjcrav OdvuTOv

Greece. KaT€\lrt](hi<TavTO Twv eirapavTwv (j(ha<i e? TtivArcadians, ' ' ' '

Aetoiians, (3o>]0eiai/. 'HXeioi Se Toi'9 (pvyaSag achwv

Athenians KUTeoePavTO, OTL eTTiTrjSeioi 'AXepavSoM ijaav.send en=

* r, ^ \

voys to AtrcoXoi oe 7riOecr/3em9 crcbuiv kutu eOvt] Treju.- 2Alexander,

, - '5'\|/a^Te? i^vyyvco/jDjii TV^eiv eoeovTO, OTi kui

avTol Ti irpos Tu irapu rwu QtjjSalwv cnrayyeXdevTa

evewTepicrav 'A.6t]vaioi Se, [Jiva-Tyjplwv twv jmeydXcov

ayoixevwv (09 riKOv Tive^ twv Qtj/Saicov eP avTOV Tov epyov,

TCI ixev fxvcTTi'jpia eKirXayeuTeg e^eXnrov, e/c ^e tcov aypciov

€<TKeuayu)yovi/ eg Trju iroXii/. 6 (5^/j109 ^e e? eKKXrjcriap 3

(TuveXOoov At]jui.aoov ypa.\j/avT09 SeKa 7rpe(Tf3ei<; e/c TravToou

Toov ^A.Br,valwv eTTiXe^d/iLePog Tre/XTrei irapa 'AXe^avSpov

ovcTTivag €7nTr}0€ioTaTOug 'AXePavopo) eyiyvaxTKOv, otl re

(TWO? ep ^IXXupLwv KOI TpiSaXXwi' eTrautiXOe -^aipeiv tov

Stjfiov Toov ^ AQi]vai(av ovk ev KUipco dTTuyyeXovvTag

Kol OTi Ot]/3aiou? TOV i'ecoT€pi(TjULOU eTi/Jicopi'icraTO. 6 4

Se TO. ixev dXXa (piXavOpwwu)? Trpog t>]v irpeal^eLav

cnreKplvaTO, eincrToXfjv Se ypdylra? Trpos tov SP]juov

ePiJTei T0V9 dfi(p) ArjfxoaOevrjv KUi AvKOvpyov Kat

'YTrepeiStjv oe ^PflTei kcCl YVoXvevKTOV kcu XaprjTa Koi

^api§t]fjLov Kol 'lSi(piaXTi]v Kat AioTifxov koi Moipo-

KXea' TOVTOv? yap aiTiov? eivai T>J9 re ev J^aipo)- 5

veia ^ufxcpopd? Tij TroXei yevojuevt]? Kai t(ov ucTTepov

eiri Tt] ^iXiTTTTOV TeXevTU 'TrXijfJLjui.eXtjOevTCOV e? re av-

Tov KOI eg ^IXiTTTrov • Ka\ Orj/Saioig oe Ttjg dirocTTa-

aeoog cnrecbaivev aiTiovg ov fxelov 17 Tovg avToiv Ot]-

ANABA2I2 I, 11. 23

^ai(jov veu>Tepl(TavTa<i. 'A.9t]vaioi Se tov<s fj.ev ai'Spag 6

OVK isPeSocrav, TrpeaBevoi/Tai Se au6i9 Trapa

willingly IxAeto.i'opou, acpeivai oeo/uevoi Tf]v opyr]i> toisreconciled ,y ^ ^ J ^ ' A ^ '>- 5 '^- ^ '

with e^aiT>]u€i(Tf Kui AAei^ai'opoi a(pt]Ke, Tv^op /nevAthens. ;^ . „ ,, , „, n^ „ , ,

atoof T/;? TToAewf, tv^ov oe mrovorj tov e? r;;!/

AcTiav cTToAof, ou/f eOeXoov ovSev vttotttov eu TOtg"EX-

\t](Tiv inroXe'nrea-Bai. ^apiSijjULOi' [xivTOi, p.6vov Tchv epai-

TrjOei^TOiV Te Koi ov ooOevTwv (pevyeiv cKeXeucre' Koi cfyevyei

^aplSrjfxog eg t>]v 'Acr/ai/ Trapu ^acriXea Aapeiov.

II.

—

Bvents in Macedonia and Asia Minor before the

tattle of the Granicus.

LavTa 06 mairpa^ajxevog eTravtjXdev eh Ma/ce^ow'ai/" XI.

KCiLi TO) re At) Tw 'OXvjuLTriw Trjv Ovcriav Tr]v cnr 'A.p-^eXa.ov

€Ti KaQecTTfJocTav eOvrre kui tov ay(t)va evCrossingof

\ i ~ <^ in ^ t^ / , <\\ \

theHelles° A^iyoig oieurjKe Tu 'OXvjULTria' ol oe kui Taig

Alexander Movcraig XeyovcTiv oTi aywva eTroLtjae. kui ev 2at Troy. , , , ' '{^ a.' - r»"TOVTO) ayyeAAerai to l/offieco? tov \Jiaypou

TOV QpoiKog ayaXfjia to ev YlieplSi iSpuxrai ^vveyo}^

'

Kai aXXoi aXXa eireOeia^ov twv juavTecov, 'ApiaTavvpo?

§e, avrip leXjULicrcrevg, luavTig, Oappelv eKeXeucrev AXe^-

avSpov orjXova-Oai yap oTi TTOiijTah eTToov re koi jueXwu

Kai ocroL a/uLcbi mojjv e'vovcri ttoXi/? ttoj/o? ecTTai iroielv Te

Koi aSeiv 'AXe^avSpov Kai ra 'AXe^dvopov epya.

"Ajua §e Tw ijpi npyoixevui ePeXavvei e(p^ rjXX}](nrovTOv, 3

TO. /mev KUTo. ^laKeSoviav tc koi tol'? "EXX»;i/a9 'Ai'Ti-

iraTpip eTTiTpeyp^a^, avTog Se aycov "TreZovg /xeu

334 B.C. »i-\- * >»' ' ^^'"^'(Tvv \yiXoig Te Kai to^otui? ov ttoAAu) TrAeiovs

Twv Tpiarjuvpiwv, iTTTreag oe inrep rof? irevTaKia'^i-

24 AAE^ANAPOY

Xiov?. T]v Se avTO) 6 crroXog irapa Ttjv Xijuvtjv tyjv

It^eoKivlTLv 0)9 ex' 'AjuLdn'iroXiv koI tov ^Tpvp.6vo<s

TTorajuou tu^ cK^oXa^. Sia/Sui Se tov XTpufj-ora 4

irapu/uei^e to Udyyaiov opo? TW to? ex' "A^Stjpa koi

M.apoov€iav, iroXeii 'EiXXjjvlSag iir) daXaa-crri wKia-fxe-

va<i. evQev Se eiii tov "K/Spoi' iroTaixov cKpiKO^evos

Sia/Balvei koc tov "^(3pov evTrcTwg. eKecOev §e §ia

ri/? YlaiTiKfjg exi tov Me'Xava iroTafXov epyeTai. oia- 5

^ag Se KOI TOV Me'Xava e? ^ijcttov cKpiKveiTUi ev

eiKOcri Tai? -TrdcTCug t'l/nepai^ airo ri?? oiKoOev ^^op-

/j.7](Te(i09. eXOoov Se e? '^XaiovvTa Ovei TLpwTeo-iXcup

ex< TU) TCKpu) TOV Y\p(joTeaiXdov, oti koi WpoiTccriXao^

7rpu)T09 eSoKei eK^tjvai e? Trjv 'A^crlav twv EXX>)i'wv twv

d/ma 'A.yafJi€iUivovi e? ' IXiov (TTpaTeucrdvTCOv. Kai o vou^

Tt]9 Oucrias ^v ewLTV^ecrTepav ol yevecrOai >/ YlpcoTea-iXaco

Tt]v ciTTo^aaiv.

YlapfMevloov /nev Sr] tu>v ireX^wv TOf? xoXXoi;? Kai 6

Trjv 'iTTTTOV Sia^i(3d(rai CTaydt] e/c 2>;(TTOi7 e? A.^voov'

Kol Sie^ijaav Tpn'jpecri /mev ckutov koi e^}'iKovTa, ttXoioi?

Se aXXoi^ TToXXoh CTTpoyyvXaig. 'AXe^avSpov Se

€p ^^XaiovvT09 e? tov 'A^atwi' Xifxeva KUTupai 6

xXe/cDi/ Xoyog KUTej^ei, Koi avTov re Ku^epvcovTU t>]v

crTpaTi]yL§a vavv Sia^dXXeiv koi e'xeio^ kutu /j-ecrov

TOV iropov Tou ' ^XXi](J7r6vTOV eyeveTo, aCpa^avTa tuv-

pov TW Tlo(T€iS(iovL KOI l^i]pi]i(Ti (TTrevSeiv e/c yjpva-'n'i

(bidXri^ e? TOV -ttovtov. Xeyovui Se Koi TrpooTOv e/c t>79 y

j^eo)? (Tvv Toh oirXoig eK^rjvai avTOV e? ti]v y)]v Tt]V

'Acriav KOI iScojuiov? iSpva-aa-Qai oOev re ea-ToXt] ck rJy?

EujO(ox»?9 KOI OTTOv e^e^Tj Tr)<i 'Ao-i'a? Ai09 ciTToBa-

ANABASIS I, 12. 25

Trjolou Koi 'A.6t]va? Ka\ HpuKXeov^' ai/eXOovTa oe

eg "IXiov TT] T€ 'A9t]va Oucrai ri; 'IXiaSi, koi t>]v

TravoTrXlav rrjv avrov avaQe'ivai eg tov vem', kui KaOeXeiv

cii't] TavTt]9 TMV teocov TLva oirXcov en ck tov ipwiKov

epyov (TM^OjULeva. koi TavTa Xeyovaiv on ol viroaTricrTai 8

ecbepov irpo avrov eg Tag ixayag. Ovcrai oe avTov kui

Y[pia/u(p eir] tov (Sconiov tov Aiog TOv'l^pKeiov Xoyog

KaTeyeL, ixrjviv YipLaiJ.ov TrapaiTOVfxevov tu> NeoTTToXejuov

yevei, o St] eg avTOV KaQrjKev,

'A.vi6vTa S' avTOV eg "IXiov ^leuoinog re o Kvj3ep- XII,

vijTfjg Ypvcrw crTedydvcp ecrTecpdvcocre koi eir] tovtm ji.apt]g

6 'A.6}]uaiog €K ^lyeiov eXOwv km Tiueg kuiAlexander ^^

^ , ^^ , <\\ , , ' ^^atAchilles' aXXoi, OL fj-ev ' EjXXriveg, ol oe e-Kiyoopioi ' o oetomb

;

, , ^ ^ ' A \ ^ ' " ' ^compario KUI avTog TOV Ap^iAAew? apa Tacpov ecTTe-son of the

, 'rr > > ?' \ ' "two cpavcocrev' ti(pai(TTio)i'a oe Aeyoveriv oti tovheroes. t-t / ^ ^ ' j: ' j^ ' ^

liaTpoKXov TOV Tucpov e(jTe(pav(idcre' Kai

evSaifiovicrev apa, wg Xoyog, 'AXe^auopog 'A^tXXea, oti

'O/n^pov KYjpvKOg eg Ttjv eireiTa iui.vijjur]v eri/^e. kui 2

/mevTOi Ka\ ^/v 'AXe^avSpo) ov-^ t'jKKTTa tovtov eveKa

evSaijULOvicTTeog 'A.-^iXXevg, oti avTCf ye 'JiXe^avopo), ov

KaTO. TW dXXtjv eTTiTv^iav, to -^(apiov tovto eKXnreg

Pvve^t] ovSe ePt]ve-^t] eg avOpwirovg to. ^AXe^avopov epya

eiraploog' ovt ovv KaTaXoydStjv ovTe Tig ev jueTpo)

ewo'irja-ev, «XX' ovSe ev ixeXei fjcrOt] 'AXe^avopog, ev

OTU) 'Iepo)v Te Ka\ TeXcov koi Qi'jpeov Kai iroXXoi aXXoi

ovSev Ti 'AXePdvSpcp eireoiKOTeg, wcttc ttoXv ^eiov

yiyvwoTKeTai to. ^AXe^dvSpov rj to. (pavXoTUTU tu)v

TrdXai epyoov ' oiroTe koi y] twv /xvpiuiv crvv K.vptp 3

uvoSog ein /SacnXea 'ApTa^ep^rjv Kai to. KXeap^ou re

26 AAE^ANAPOY

Koi Tu>v dfxa avT(p aXovrwv TraOrnnaTa koli t] Kard-

l3a(Tts avTwu CKeivwv, i]v t^evocbcov avTov^ Kax/jyaye,

TToXu TL eTTKpavecTTepa e? av6pu)-7rov9 AeuodicopTO'i

ei'eKO. ecTTiv >/ 'AXe^avSpo^ re koi to. 'AXe^avSpov

epya. kultol 'AXe^a^ooo? ouTe Pvu oXXm ecTTpoiTev- 4crei', ovT€ (pevyMv /ueyav /Saa-iXea tov? ti] KaOoSid ti]

eTTt OaXarrav ejuirooMV yiyvoiJ-ivov^ eKparrjcrev aXX'

ovK ecTTLV ocrTi9 dWo? ei? av}]p Tocravra >} TtjXiKavTa

epya kutu irXTjOog "ij jueyeOo? ev ' EiWrja-iv rj ^ap/3a-

poig uTreSel^aro. evOeu koi auTog opiJLrjBrjval chtjfxi

69 TrjuSe T)]v ^uyypa<p7]v, ovk aTra^icocrag efxauTov

(pavepa KaTacrri'icreiv e? avOpwirovg to. 'AXe^dvSpov

epya. oari? oe &v ravra virep e/J-avTov yiyvocxTKW, 5

TO ixev ovofxa ovSeu Seofxai uvaypa^ai, ovSe yap

ovSe dyvuxTTOv e? dvOpwirov^ ecmv, ovSe iraTpiSa

7JT19 jULOL ecTiv ov^e yevo<} to efxov, ovSe ei §)'] Tiva

dp-^v €v Tt} efxavTOu >/p^o,' aW eiceivo dvaypd(pa),

on e/ULol Trarpig re kui yevo^ Kai ap^ai o'lbe 01 \oyoi

eiari T€ Kai diro ueov eTi eyevovTO. Kai eiri Tcpoe

OVK dirapiw efiavTOV tcov 7rpu)T(i)v Toov ev r/; (pcovij

Tij 'EXXa^t e'lTrep ouv Koi ^AXe^avSpog twv ev rois

oTrXoi?.

'EiP 'IXlov Se e? 'A.pia/3i]i' ijKev, ov irucra >j ovva- 6

IULI<; avTM oia^e^rjKvIa tov rjWi'jcnrovTov ecTTpaToire-

SevKei, KOI Tij vcTTepaia e? llepKWTrjV tij oePrelimm= v. ,, * r ,

'

'

> 1 ^ - tt

ments , ' ;, , ,„ „ ,, ' , ^againstthe Tio) TTOTajiio) e(TTpaT07reoev(Tev, OS pewv e/c tcovPersians. ,^ ^,yn, '??-'/! '^ '

opcov tcov ioaicov eKOiooi eg uaAacrcrav tvjv

fxeTu^v TOV 'EXXtjcnrovTOV re koi tov rjv^eivou

ANABA2I2 I, 12. 27

TTOVTOV. evQev oe eg'rjOfxwToi' acpiKeTo, KoXcova? ttoXiv

7rapa^ei\y^a9. (Tkottoi oe avTcp e-Trefj-TrovTO irpo tou

(TToaTev/jiaTO^ kui tovtwv tiyejuniov jjv J\fxvvTag o /

'Appa/Salou, k'-^oou tcoi/ re eraipoov Trjv 'iXrjv Tr]v e^

'A^TToWcoviag, rjg iXap-^)]? ?]v ^ooKparrj? 6 SaOcoi/o?, ko.)

Twv irpoopoiJ.wv KaXovfxiviov 'ika<; Tecra-apag. Kara oe

Trjv irapooov YiplaTTOV iroXiu efSoOeicrau irpog twv

evoiKovvTwv Tovg 7rapa\r]\p^ojui.ei/ovg aTrecTTeiXe aw liavr]-

yopip TO) A^UKayopov, eu] tcov kralpoov.

iLepcrociv oe crTpaTijyol Tjcrav 'A-pa-aixtj^ kol Peo- °

fxiOprjg KUi TleTiVijs KOI NicbdTtjg kui Pvv TOVTOig Stt^-

Theircom^ OpiSarrjg 6 AvStag Kol 'Iceviag aarpairrig koi

manders. ' A ' t ^ \ fT7^^ ' /T\ '

J\p(TiT}]g o Tt]g irpog hiXXijcnrovTUi ^pvyiag

inrap-^og. ovtol oe irpog ZeXvla iroXei KaTecrTparo-

TreSevKore? i'lcrau ^vu tj; 'Itttto) re r^ ^ap^aptKt) koi Totg

"EXX>;crf TO/"? juiaOocpopoig. jSovXevojuevoig Se avTocg 9

VTrep TMV irapovTiav, eireiorj 'AXe^auSpog Sia^e^ijKwg

ijyyeXXeTO, v/LejULiwv 6 Po'oto? Traptjvei fxij Sia kivSuvov

Levat irpog Tovg Ma/ce^oVa?, too re Trerw ttoXvAlemnon's

, ^ \ > ^ '\' w

policy ireoLOVTag (Tcbcov Kai avTOV 'AXepavopov ira-relected.

poi^Tog, avTOi<s oe airovTog Lsapeiov ' irpoiovTas

oe TOU re -^iXov acpai/lteiv KaTairaTovvTag t>/ 'Ittttm Kai

TOP ev Trj yij Kapirov efxirnrpdvai, fXijSe tcop TroXeoou

avTwv (peiSofxevoug. ov yap fxeve'iv ev tij X'^P9 '-A-Xe^-

avopov aTTopia tmv eiriTJjSeiwv. 'ApaiTtjv Se XeyeTai iq

enreiv ev tw (jvXXoycp twv JJepcrwv OTi ovk av irepuSoi

fiiav oiKiav efjLTrprja-Oeia-av twv vtto at TeTay/xevcov dv-

Qpunrodv Kou Tovg YVepa-ag ^Apa-iTi] irpocrOecrdai, oti

Kai viroTTTOv Ti avT0i9 tjv eV tov ^le/xvova, Tpi^ds

28 aae;e?anapoy

e/JLTTOie'iv €KOVTa T(p TroXefjLM Tr}9 eK (SacrtXecog Tifxtjg

evGKa.

'Ef TOVTU) §e ^AXe^auSpog 7rpov-)^u)pei eir). rov Ypa- XIII

viKov TTOTajj-ov (jVVTeTayiJ.evu) tw crToaTco, onrXfji^ fxev

Trjv (pdXayya twv ottXitcov rct^a?, tov9 Se

Par- t ' ^ V , ,r r , /

menion iTTTrea? KUTU Tu KepuTu aywv, ra <JKevo(popa

delaT-** *^^ /caroTTiv eTTiTCt^a? eTrecrOai • rovg Se irpo-

AlexanderKaTao-Key^ofxevovg TO. Toov TToXejULicov ^yev aivTO)

rl-yeAo^o?, iinreag juLev c-^wu Tovg rrapLcrao-

<p6pov9, TOOV oe y^iXcop e? irevTaKoalovg. kol AXeP- 2

avopo? re ov ttoXv airei-^e rov TroTa/moO tov VpauiKOV

Kai ol airo toov (tkottoov cnrovoij eXavvovTei^ airi'iyyeXXov

eiTL TOO LpaviKM irepav Toug lleocra? e(be<TTavai TeTay-

jmevovg oog ef fxa-^rjv. evOa S>] 'AXePavSpoi; juev Trjv

(TTpaTiav TTucrav crvveTaTTev (09 lua-^^oufxevoug ' Ylap-

fxevloiv §e irpocreXOoov Xeyei ^AXe^avSpo) TaSe. 'EyuoJ 3

ooKei, ^aaiXeu, ayaOov elvai ev tw irapovTi KUTaa-

TpcxTOireoevaai eiri tov TroTa/uLou Tt] ovOiJ oog e^ofxev.

Tous yap TToXe/uLiovg ov ooKoo ToXjur'jcreiv ttoXv tm ireYw

XeiTro/mevovi TrXrjmov ^/uloov avXi(r6i]vai, kui TavTt] irape-

Peiv eooOev ev7r€T00<; tm crTpaTW ma^aXelv tov iropov

'

VTTOOpOacro/uiev yap avToi irepacravTeg irpiv CKeivovg eg

Ta^iv KaOla-TacrOai. vvv Se ovk aKivSvvooq [jloi SoKovjuev 4eTTf^eiprirreLV Tip epyw, oti oJy oiov re ev /ULeTooTrcp oia

TOV TTOTajULov ayeiv tov (TTpuTOv. TToXXa fjLev yap

avToO opoLTai ^aOea, at §e oy^Oai avTai opag oti virep-

vyp^}]Xoi KOi KpfjjUivdoSeig eicr}v at avToov aTOLKToog re ovv 5

Kai KUTa Kepag, ijirep aa6eve<TTaTOV, eK^aivovcriv eiriKe'i-

(TovTai e? (paXayya crvvTeTay/uievoi toov iroXefxicov ol

ANABA2I2 I, 14. 29

tTTxef? • Koi TO TTOWTOV (T(pa\jut.a 69 Te Tu irapovTa

"vaXeirov. koli e? r^i/ virep iravTOS tov iroXefiou Kpicriv

(TCpaXepov.

*A\e^av§po9 Se, ravra fiev, €(pt], & Tlapiuei^Lwv, 6

yiyvocxTKW ' aia")(yvofxai Se, el tov yueV hiWija-Troi'TOV

Si€^}]v euTrero)?, tovto Se, aixiKpov pev/na (ovtco tw

ovo/xuTi TOV VpavLKov eK(pav\i(Tag), eip^ei ^^a? tov

fX)] ov Sia^tjvaL co? e-^^ofxev. koi tovto ovtc ttjOO? Maice- 7

SoVCOV TrJ9 S6^l]9 OVT€ TTjOO? Trj^ ejut.tj(; e? tou? Kivovvovg

opvTrjTO? TTOiovfxai ' avaOapprjcreiv tc ookm Tovg YLepcra?

ft)? a^iojud-^ovg ^laKeSocriv ovtu^, oti ovoav a^iov tov

a<pMv Seovg ev tw irapavTiKa eiraOov.

III.

—

Battle of the Graniens, May, 334 B.C.

TavTU eiTTcou Tlapfxevioova /mev eiri to eueovv/mov XIVKepa^ iri/JLirei ^yijcroiuLevov, ai'ro? oe eir} to oe^iov

iviace°irapt'^ev. 7rpoeTa')(9t]crau Se avTw tov [J-ev

order of^e^lOV ^tXftJTa? 6 T\.apiX€VlWVO^, €)((MU TOl'9

battle. ' ' \ t r \ \ y ' ^

cTaipovg TOl'9 tTTTrea? Kat tov^ to^otg^ kui

Tov^ Aypiauag Tovg ukovticttcU ' 'A-juvvTWi §e 6 'A.ppa-

/Baiov Touif T€ (Tapi(Tcro(b6poug iinriaq e'^wv ^iKwTa

eireTa-yBt] kui tov^ Ylaiova(} koi Tt]v 'cXrjv Trjv zlcoKpa- 2

TOV?. eyofievoi ^e tovtwv eTa-vOijcrav ol viracnricTTai

TMU CTUipWV, OJU riyeiTO ^IKUVCOp 6 TlapjU€Vl(lOV09 ' fTrJ

oe TOVToi^ rj TlepSiKKov tov 'OpovTOV (paXay^ ' eiri oe

1] Ko/j'ou TOV T\o\eiJ.OKpaTOV<i ' e7r< oe ^ J^puTepov 3

TOV 'AXe^dvSpov fTTi §e tj 'Ajuvvtov tov ^A.vSpo-

juevovs • eTTt ^e wv ^iXnnrog 6 'A.ij.vvtov vp'X^- tov

30 AAESANAPOY

§€ evcovvjULOv TTOMTOi jitev ol OerraXo] iTTTreig eTa-)(9tjcrav

&v riyeiro KaXa? 6 'Ap-TraXov ' eir) §e rovroi? ol ^f/x-

fxayoi tTTTrer?, mv ^px^ ^iXnrTro^ 6 ^lei/eXaou • eiri Se

rovTOi? ol Ooa/ce?, u)V vpyev ^A^yaOiav ' e-)(Ofxe o ce

TOVTcoy -TreTo) ?/' re J^parepov (paXay^ Kai rj ^leXeaypov

KOL r] ^iXi-TTTrov ecrre eirl to jmeaou rtj? ^v^ira(ri]<i

Uepacov Se linrei? ixev ?]crav eg Sicrfivpiov?, ^evoi 4

^e ire'^oi /uLicrOocpopoi oXiyov airoSeoi'Teg Sicr-

Persian. fxvplwv * era^Qyjcrav §e Ti]V fxev 'iinrov irapa-

reivaureg tm TrorajUM Kara r)]v o-^Qi]v e-rri (paXayya

[xaKpav, TOW Se 'TreYoixs KaTOiriv tmv tTnrecov • kui yap

virepSePia rjv Ta virep rhv o-)(Ot]v ^wpla. j] ce 'AXe^av-

Spov avTov KuOewpoov {SriXo(i yap i)v rwv tc ottXmv Trj

XajuLTrpoTrjTi Kai Twv a.jui.(p' avTov rr] arvv eKirXt'i^ei Oepa-

nrela) Kara ro evoovu/nov crcpwu e7re)(ovra, ravnj irvKvas

ewe'raPav nj o-)(OiJ rag iXag rcov iTnreoov.

Xoo'voi' imep St] OLjucporepa ra crrparevixara eir ^

OLKpou rod TTora/iiou ecpea-rwreg viro rod ro fxeXXov

OKveiv rja-uviau fjyov Kai aiyr] tjv ttoAA*/ a(p

^tth*"''^*^' '^K^OL'^^P^^- ot yap Tiepa-ai Trpocreixevov rovg

head of his Ma/ce^oVa?, OTToVe ecrB/ja-ovrai eg rov ttooov,cavalry, ' ' '

crosses the ^^ ciriKeKToaevoL eKBaivova-iV 'AXefavSpog Se 6river. ^ '

a.va7r>]Sr]crag exi rou 'nrirov Kai roig afiip

avrov eyKeXevcrdjULevog eirearOal re Ka\ avSpag ayaQovg

yivecrOai, roug /mei^ TrpoSpofxovg lirireag Kai fxtjv Kai

Tovg Haiovag Trpoe/m^aXXei eig rov irorafiov e-)(ovra

Afxvvrav rov ^Appa/Saiov Ka] ru)v ire^wv fxiav ra^iv,

KOI irpo rovroov r>]v ^lOKpdrovg 'iXtjv YiroXe/naiov rov

ANABA2I2 I, 15. 31

^iXiTTTTOv ayovra, i] Sh koi eTvy)(uv€ tIjv /jye/xoviav

rod iTTTTiKov TravTO? e-)(ovcra eKehyj Ttj I'mipa • avro? Se '

aycov TO Se^iov Kepas viro craXTnyywv re Kai ro)

'Ej/vaX/w aXaXcc^oi'Ta? eju^aii^ei e? rof -wopov, \o^i]V

aei Trapareivwv rhv ra^ivfj

TrapeiXKe to peCfxa, 'Iva Stj

fxt] cK^alvovTL avTM ol Tiepa-ai KaTO. Kepag irpocnrlir-

Toiev, aXka Kai avTog m avvaTOV rt] (paXayyi irpocr-

Ot Se Tiepaai rj Trpwroi ot a/iKpl 'Ajuvvrav koi XV.

'ZcoKpdrrjv Trpoarecrxpv T?] ox^lh TavTi] koc avTo] avuiQev

ej3aWov, ol /iiev avrosv airo t»/9 o^0>;9 e^Descrip-

, « ^, , > r , ;^tionofthe vTrepde^iov e? Tov ttotu/ulov ecraKOVTii^ovTeg,battle.

, n, > < n ^ ' 1 ^ V » %

Ot oe Kara tu yva/JiaKcjOTepa avT>]? ecTTe eiri

TO vScop KUTu^alvovTe^. KOi >;i/ twu re iTnrtwv (i)6i(Tp.og, 2

Tbov ixev eK^aiveiv €K tov iroTafxov, twu S' e'lpyeiv t>]v

eK^afTLv, Ktti ttoXtmv uiro jxev rwv Ylepa-wv toXXi]

a(f)ecn9, oi MaKre^oVe? ^e ^vv Toh ^opaaiv e^ayovTO.

aXXa Tw re 7rX?/0et ttoXv eXaTTovfxevoi IVIa/ceooVe?

€KaKo-TraOovv ev t>) TrpwTr] TTjOotr/SoX?/ kui uvtol e^

a^e^aiov Te kui d/ua KUTwOev e/c tov TroTajuov afxuvo-

fxevoi, 01 Se Hepcrai e^ inrepSe^lov t^9 o-)(6>]? ' aXXwp

re Koi. TO KpcxTirrTOu rJyf Ylepa-iKfj? 'iirirov tuvtu eire-

TeTUKTO, Ol T€ ^lefjivovoif TraiSe? koi avro? 6 Mefx-

vu)v fxeTci TOVTCov €KivSvveve. Kai ol fxev irpwTOi toov 3

M-aKeSovMv Pvixfj-ipavTet; Toh Tlepcrai? KUTeKOTrrjcrav

irpoq avTOOv, avSpeg ayaOo) yei^o/mevoi, brroi ye /arj irpog

'AXepapSpov TreXa^ovTU aireKkivav avTwv. 'AXe^av-

Spo^ yap '/jSi] irKrja-LOV rjv, dixa oi aywv to Kepa?

TO Se^iop, KOt e/x/3dXXei eg Tovg Tlepa-ag TrpwTog 'iva

32 aae;e;anapoy

TO irav G-Ti(bo^ T^9 'iTTTTou KOI uvTOL oi ^yefxoveg twv

TVepa-wv Terayfji.evoi ^jaav ' kqi irepi avTOv ^vveia-T)']K€i

jjia-^ri KaoTepa ' Koi. ev tovto) aWai eir aWai^ tmv 4

rdpewv T019 Ma.fe^ocrt Sie^aivov ov ^aAexco9 '>'/or]. koc

^v /UL€V airo tcov "iinruiv tj jmax'], Tre^Oyua^/rt 6e fX(7\\ov

Ti ewKei. ^vve-)(OjULevoi yap "nnroL re "nnroi<s koi ai/Spe^

ai'Spacriv tjycovi^oi'TO, 01 /xei/ e^wa-ai eig cIttuv airo r^?

OY0>/9 Koi e? TO TreSlov (Biaa-aa-Oai rovg Hepcra^, 01

Ma/ce^oi^e?, oi 8e elp^ai re avTwv rrjv eK^aaiv, 01 5

Ileoo-at, Kai eg rov iroTuiJ.ov avOig aTruxracrdai. Km e/c

Tovrov eirXeoveKTOuv tjSr] oi crvv 'AXe^aySpcp ttj re

aWi] poo/JLH Koi efXTreipla koi on ^vcrro'ig Kpave'ivoig

irpog ttoXtu ejjLayovTO.

"^vda St] Kai 'AXe^avSpo} ^uvrpi^erai to Sopv ev 6

Til jui.u-)(i]• 6 (5e "ApeTiv ijTci Sopv erepov, ava^oXea

Twv ^aaiXiKCOv ' T(p Se koi uvtw Trovovp-evcp crvvTe-

Tpifiinevov TO Sopv TjV, 6 §e tuj I'lfiiaei KeKXaa-^evov

Tov SopaTog ovK a(pav(ag e^ict^ero, koi tovto Sei^ag

'AXe^avSpo) ciXXov aheiv eKeXeve • A>]^apaTog Se,

avr}p K.opivOiog, tmu afxcp' avTov eTaipwv, SiSwcriv

auTw TO avTOv Sopv. koi og avaXa^wv koi lowvy

M-idpiSoLTijp TOV Aapeiov ya/u.0p6v iroXv irpo tmv

aXXcov Trpo'i-mrevovTa Kai eirayovTa cifxa oi loa-rrep

e/j-l^oXov Twv iinrewv, e^eXavvei Ka). avTog nrpo twv

aXXcov Ka\ ira'.a-ag e? to Trpoa-WKOV tw oopaTi KUTa-

^dXXei TOV MiOpioaTt]v. ev Se tovtm 'Pozcra/o/? ^ev

iireXavvei tm 'AXe^dvSpo) Kai Truiei ^AXe^dvSpou Trjv

Ke(paXt]v T)] KOTTiSi • Ka\ tov fxev Kpdvovg ti uTreOpavcre, 8

T>]v 7rX}]yi]v Se ecr^e to Kpdvog. Ka] «:aTa/3aXXet /cat

ANABASIS I, 16. 33

TOVTOV ^AXe^avSpo? Traicra? tw ^vcttw Sia tov QwpaKo<s

eg TO (TTepvov. ^TriOpwaTt]? Se avereTUTO fxev t'l^t]

e-TT 'AXe^auSpov oincrOev rrju KoiriSa, vTrocbOaaag ^e

avTOV KXeFro? o ApcDTrcoou Tralei Kara tov to/nov kui

onroKOTTTei top oo/ulou tov ^TriOpiSaTov ^vv Ti] kottISi

KUi ev TOVTM eireK^aivovTeis aei twu 'nnreeov ocroig irpov-

"Xj^pei KUTu TOV TTOTaixov irpoaeytyvovTO TOts ci/nd)'

'AXe^avopoi^.

Ka< 01 Ylepa-ai Traiofxevoi re '7ravTa-)(oQev ijSi] e? XVITu TTOOcooTra avToi tc kul 'ittttoi Tot9 ^vcTToig Koi irpo

Defeat and'''^^ iTTirewv e^wOovjuei'Oi, ttoWcc Se Koi irpoi

o"the'*'^^'^ ^i\(iov ui'afX€jui.iy/j.ep(t)v Toh tTTTreucri /BXaTT-

Perslans.TOfxevoi eyKKlvovari tuvtij TrpwTou

f]'AXeTai/-

Spog TrpoeKivSvveveu. cog Se to /j-icrov eveSeScoKei avTOig,

irapeppy'iyvvTO St] Koi tu e(p' cKUTepa Ttjg "iirirov, kou T]v

Srj (pvyt-j KapTepd. toou fxev St] iinreMv twv Yiepaoov 2

aireQavov eg yp^'iovg. ov yap iroWt] i] Slcopig eyeveTO,

OTi e^eTpairr] 'AXe^avSpog eiri Tovg ^evovg Tovg- julict-

6o(popovg ' wv TO CTTtcpogf]

to irpooTOv eTOL-^Ot] e/c-

TrXr'j^ei juclWov ti tov irapaXoyov i] Xoyicrfxo) jSe^aiu)

efieve. kui TovToig ti'iv re (paXayya e-Kayayoav kcu

Tovg iTTTreag TravTt] irpocnreaelv KeXevaag ev fxecrM Si'

oXiyov KaTUKOTTTei avTvvg, cocrTe Sie(pvye /j.ev ovSeig,

OTi jilt] SieXaOe Tig ev Tolg veKpoIg, e^ooypi'jOtjtrav Se

a/xcpi Tovg Sia-^^iXiovg, eirecrov Se kou ^ye/n6veg tcov 3

Tlepa-cov r^i(paTr]g re kqi Tl€Tivt]g koi ^TriOpiSciTrjg

6 AvSiag aaTpaTrrjg^ koI 6 tcov K.a7nraSoK(Jov virap-yog

M.iOpo^ov^dvt]g Koi Mi6piSdTr]g 6 Aapeiov yaju^pog

Kui 'A.p^ov'7raXt]g 6 Aapeiov tov 'A.pTa^ep^ov iraig koi

C

34 AAESANAPOY

^apvaKi]9, aSeXipo? ouro^ rtjg Aapeiou yvvatKO?, Kai

6 Twv Pevwv t'lyejULiov 'Qjmdpyjg. 'A.p(TLT)}? Se €k fxev t^?

M^X*?^ d)eJ'yei e? ^pvyiav, CKei Se aTToOvijcTKei avTO^

TTOo? avTOV, w? Xoyo?, on a'lTiog eSoKei Hepcrais ye-

vecrOai tov ev tm tots irTaLortxaTO^.

Ma/ce^oi/ft)j/ ^e tuiv jiiev eTaipoov a/mcpi tov^ eiKOcri 4

KaL irevTe ev tti irpwru Trpou^oXri aireQavov ' Kai

TOVTiav ^aXKoi eiKOves ev Aiw ecTTucriv, 'AXe^-The losses

A ' - c/

on both avopov KeAevuavTO^ Ivvcrnnrov Troiijaai, ocnrep

Koi 'AXe^avSpov fiovog irpoKpiOeh eiroLei ' twv

Se aXkwv iTTirewv virep Tovg €^)}KOVTa, Tre^ot oe eg

Toug TpiOLKOVTa. KOI TOVTOvg Tt] vcTTepaia. e6a\j/-€v 'AXf^- 5

avopog ^uv Toig ottXoi? T€ Kai aXXcp KOcrfXM yovevcri oe

auraiv koi Traicrl twv re /cara Tt]v -^wpav ciTeXeiav eocoKC

Koi ocrai aXXai i'j tcd (Tw/uaTi Xeirovpyiai v kutu tu?

KTri(TeL<i eKaarcov eicrcpopal. kui twv TeTpcofx^vcov oe

TToXXfjv Trpovoiav ecryev, eireXOcov re avTog eKacrTOvg

Koi TO. Tpavfiara iSwv Koi ottco? rt? eTpoodt] epofxevo?

Koi o Ti irpoTTUiv elirelv re kou aXaCovevcracrOai ol

Trapacr-vwv. 6 oe Kai twv TIepcrwv Tovg ^ye/movag 6

e9a\bev ' eOay^e §e kui tov? fxicrOocbopovs "niXXrjvas

dl Pvv Totg TToXe/JLioig crTpaTevovTe? aireOavov ' bcrovg

Se avTwv ai')(^fxaXwTOvg eXa^e, TOVTOug oe S/jaag ev

TriSaig e? Ma/ceoowav aTreTre/xxp-ei/ epya^ecrOai, OTi

Trapa to. KOivt] So^avTa T019 "EXX>7cr<i/ "EXXj/i'e? bvTeg

evavTia tJj 'EXXct^i VTrep twv ^ap(3apwv eixa-^ovTO.

aTTOTrijUTrei §e koi eig 'A0?)i/a? TpiaKoa-la? TravoTrXlm 7

Wep<TiKa<; avdOtjiixa etvai t»/ 'A.6r]va ev iroXei • koi

eiriypa/Ji/jia eTriypacp^vai eKeXeue ToSe ' 'A.Xe^av6po9

ANABA2I2 I, 17. 35

^iXiTTirov /cat oi "EAX>;i/e9 xX>;i/ AaKeSaifxo-

vLwv OLTTO Twv ^apJBdpoov Twv Tt]v ^AcTLav KarOLK-

ovvrwv.

IV.

—

Settlement of the Conquered Districts. Further

Conquests m Western and South- Western Asia

Minor, up to the Occiqjation of Phrygia.

KaraiTT^/cra? 3e KaXaj/ aarpaTreveiv rjg ^ApcrtTtjg XVII.

>/oYe Koi Tovg (popovi tou? avTOvg airo(pepeiv ra^a?

oucnrep Aapeto) ecpepou, ocroi /xev twv ^ap-

in Sardis. f^dpwv KUTiovTc^ €K Twv opoov eve-^eipiX^ov

(T(pa9, TOVTOu^ juev airaXXuTTecrOai ctti ra avrcov cKaa-

Tovg eKeXeve • TteXeira? Se acprJKe rJy? airia^, on irpo^ 2

^iav 'iyvw crvcrTpaTevarai Tol'i ^ap^apot? ' AuctkvXiov

Se irapaXijyl/OjULei'ov TLapnievlcoia eKire/m-Trei ' kui Trapa-

Xa/Ji^dvei Aaa-KvXiou Tlapfxevlwi' eKXnrovTwv twv

(ppoupwv.

Auto? ^e eir). ^apSecov irpov-^copei ' Kai aire-^ovTog 3

avTOv o(Tov e/BSojUiijKOVTa crTaoioug ^dpSecov yJKOv irap

avTov MiOpLi'r]^ T€ 6 (ppovpap-^og rtj^ a/CjOOTroXeco?

T^9 ev ^dpSecri Koi ^apSiavwv oi SuvaTcoTUTOi, ei'oi-

Sovre^ 01 ixev Ttjv ttoXiv, 6 Se M.i6piv}]^ rtjv UKpav Kai

Tu -yjirnJiaTa. ^AXe^avSpo? §e avrog /nev KarecTTpa- 4

TOTreSevcrev eirl tw "^pfxco iroTa/uw ' diri'^ei oe 6

"EliO/jto? OLTTO ^dpSewv CTTaSiovg ocrov e'lKOcriv ' ^AjuvPTav

Se Tov 'AvSpojuevovg Tt]V aicpav TrapaXtjyp^ofJLevov e/c-

irejULTTei eg ^dpSeig • koi MiOpivtjv juev ev Tifxi] d/ua oi

^lye, ^apSiavoug Se koi Tovg aXXoug AvSovg T019 vofxoi^

36 AAESANAPOY

re T019 TrdXai Auowj/ -^p^crOai eScoKC koi eXevOepov^

elvai achtJKev. avPjXOe §e koi avT6<; eig Trju oLKoav, "iva c

TO (bpovpiov i)v Twv LLepaoov • Kai eooPev avTw ovvpov

TO -yuiplov • virepvy^tikov re yap ?/f kou airoTOfiop TravT*]

Kai TpnrXS) Tei-^ei Trecppayfxevov • auro? oe ext t>j UKpa

vaov re oiKoSojui-tjcrai Ato? 'OXv/xttIov eirevoei kou ^doixov

cSpvaacrOai. (tkottovvtl oe avTU) t^? UKpa^ OTrep ctti- 6

TrjSeioTaTov ^wplov copa eTOv^ e^aicjyut]? "^eiiuLoov eTriyiy-

veTai Kai ^povTai crKXrjpa] Kai uScop ep ovpavov wiirTei

ou Ta Twv Auocoi/ pacnXeia ' Ka\ evTevOev 'AXepav-

Spia eoo^ev e/c Qeov cnjjUiavOrjuai "iva "^pri oiKoSofj-eiaOai

Tw Ati Tov veoov, Ka\ ovToog eKeXevae. KUTeXiTre Se 7

T/y? juev aKpa^ t^9 ^dpSewu einiJ.eXr]Ti]^ Wavcravlav

Twv CTaipcov, Twv §e (popoov Trj^ a-WTOL^ew^ re koi

ciTTOcpopa^ NiKiav, "A.crai/Spov Se tov ^iXcoTa Au^/as

Kai T^9 aXXrjg r^? ^TriOpiSaTOv ctp-^Pjg, Sovg avTia

iTTTreag re koi \|/-iXoi)p oaoi iKavol vrpo^ to. irapovTa

eSoKOVV. KaXav Se koi 'AXe^avSpov tov 'AeooTTOU eir). 8

Tf]v -^oopav Tt]v Mefivovo? cKTrefXTrei, ayovTag Tovg re

lleXo'7rovvt](TLovg Kai twv aXXcov ^ufxjui.a'vcov tov? TroXXoug

ttX*?!/ ^Apyeicov • ovtoi Se iv ^dpSea-i KaTeXeiCpOtjcrav

Trjv cLKpav (pvXaTTeiv.

'El/ TOVTO) §e cog ra inrep Ttjg iTTTroyua^ta? ^^vy- 9

yiXOrj, 01 T€ Tr]v "^(pecrov (ppovpovvTcg fxicrOocpopoi

M-^ovTO (peuyovTeg, §vo Tpirjpeig tcov '^(pecriwv Xa-

jSovTeg, KOI ^vv avToig 'A/avvTag 6 'Ai/Tto^ou, og

edtvyev e/c ^UKcSoviag 'AXe^avopov, iraOoov fiev ovoev

Trpog 'AXePdvSpov, Sucrvoia Se Tt] irpog 'AXe^avopov

Kai avTog cnra^idocrag ti iraQeiv Trpog avTOv ay(apL

ANABA2I2 I, 18. 37

TerapTrj Se tj/w-epa eg "^(pecrov oKpiKO/uiei/og Tovg jOre (pvydSag ocroi Si* avTOV e^eirecrov Ttjg TroAew?

Ephesus KUTr'jyaye kui rrjv oKiyapyiav KaraXvcrag

occupied.SrijuoKpaTiav Karea-rrjae • roug Se (bopovs

bcroug Totg (Sap^dpoig direcpepov rr] 'Apre/niSi PvvTe-

Xetv cKeXevcrev. 6 oe ^tjfxog 6 tcov 'Ed)ecr/coi', w? 1

1

acpijpeOi] avToig 6 airo Twv oKiywv (p6/3o9, tov? re

Me/xvofa eirayayofxei/oug koi toi/? to lepov cruX?/-

craj/Tttf T^9 'ApTe/uiSo9 koi tov9 rtjv eiKova Ttjv ^iXnr-

TTOV rrjv ev tw lepw KarajSaXovTag Koi tov Ta.(pov e/c

Ttjg ayopdg avopv^avTag tov HpoirvOov tov eXeu-

OepuxraPTog Trjv ttoXiv wpixrjarav cnroKTeivat. Kai ^vp- j 2

(paKU ixev Kai tov TraiSa avTOV IleXdyovTa koi Tovg

TMv aoeX(pwv tov Z^vpcbaKog TraiSag €k tov lepov

e^ayayovTeg KUTeXevcrav • Tovg ^e uXXovg SieKwXvcrev

'AXe^aj/0j0O9 TrpocrooTepo} eTriTtjTeiv koi TifxoopeicrOai,

yVOVg OTL OfXOV TOig aiTlOi? KOI OV ^VV SlKiJ Ttm?, T01/9

fxev KUT e-^6pav, Tovg §e KaTo. dpTrayhv ')(j3)]/j.dTOov

diroKTevel, ^vy^coptjOev avTw, 6 OfJiui.og. koi el §>] tw

aXXcp, KOI TOi"? ev 'E^eVw irpa-^elaiv ^AXe^avSpog

ev TW TOTe evaoKifxei.

'El/ TovTW Se eK Mayi/^/fTta? re koi x paXXewv Trap' XVII

1

avTov tJkov evSiSovTeg Tug iroXeig ' kol 09 Tre/uTrei Tlap-

Surrender fJ^^vloiVa, Sovg aVTW Sia"^lXiOVg KUl TreVTU-

of Mag=Kocriovg Tre^ovg twu ^evwv koI Ma/cec^oVa?

Tralles.irapaTrXi^crlovi, iinreag Se twv eTaipwv eg

SiaKoariovg. A.vcriiJ.a'^ov oe tov 'A.yaQoKXeovg eiri ra?

J^ioXi^ag re iroXeig Pvv ovvafxei ovk eXuTTOVi e^eTrejuyp-e

Koi oaai 'IcoviKol viro Toig /3ap/3apois en ^crav. Kai 2

38 AAES^ANAPOY

Tu^ /xej/ o\iyap-)(ia? Travra-)(ov KaraXveiv cKekeva-ey

ot]fXoicpaTiag Se eyKaQia-ravai koi Tovg vofioug tou?

(Tcpcov €Kaa-Toi9 cnroSovvai, Kal tovs (popovg aveivai

cxTovs TOig (Bap^dpoig airecpepov. avrog Se VTrofxeipai}

eV ^Ecpearcp Qvalav re eOvcre rrj 'ApTefxiSi koi ttoix-jtyiv

eireix^e ^ov rrj cTTparia. Trctcr?; unrXicrix€V}j re Koi w? e?

fxayriv ^vvTeTayjuei'iJ.

If] S^ va-repaia avaXaj^uiv twv re 7rer<i)i/ Tovg \oi- 3

TTOug Kal Toug To^OTQ? Ktti T0V9 'A^ypiaua^ koi tovs Opa-

Kag tTTTrea? Kai twv cTalpcov Trjv re BacriXtKrjvAlexander

^^ \ \ / ,

before 'iXt]v Kai TTOo? TUVTn Toei? otAAa? err} MiX/fTOV

eorreAAeTO Kai ti]v fxev e^co KaKov/xevrjv iroXiv

€^ ecpoSov eXa/Bev eKXnrovcri]^ rtjg (pvXaKfj?, ei/ravOa Se

KaTacTTpaTOTredeucrag eyvco cnroTef^^il^eiv t^v e'lcrw tto-

Xiv. tiy)](Ti(rTpaT09 yap, otm t) cppovpu 1) MiXtjo-loou 4e/c ^acriXeco? eirereTpaTrro, Trpoa-dev ypafxiJ-ara trap

^AXe^avSpov eire/uLTrev evSiSoug Tt]u M/A^roi' • TOTe

oe ai'aOapprjcrag eir). Tip Tiepawv crrpaTU) ov juaKpau

ovTL Siacrco'^eiu Toig Tlepcraig CTrevoei rrjv ttoXlv. Ni-

Kaucop Se TO EiXX}]vik6u vuvtikov ayoov vTrocpOdvei

Tolig Ylepcrag Tpiah rjixepai<} irpoTepog KaTa-TrXevcraq

»; Tu M<X?/T(w Toi)? Yiepa-ag 7rpo<Ta")^eiv, Ka] opinlTeTai

vavcriv e^)'iKOi>Ta Kai ckutov ev tu vi'jcnp Ttj AdSt]

'

KeiTai Se avrtj eTrJ r/; MiA>/TW. ai Se tmv Wepawv 5

i/iye? vcrTepr'icracTai, e'^eiS)] ejuaOov 01 vavap-^oi Toav dixdn

Occupa= ^iKUVopa Trjv ev Tt] AdStj irpoKaTaywyriv,tion of the ^ "

T\/r '\ ^ v ' ' t\ <

island''^po'i T^ Mi//caA»; Tip opei wpfiiaOijcrai'. t)]v

Lade.^^^ AdStjv Trjv vrjcrov TrpoKaTeiXi'iipei 'AAe-

^avSpos, ov Tutv vewv [xovov t^ eyKaOopiJ-icrei, dXXd koi

ANABASIS I, 18. 39

Tou^ QpaKU? Koi. TU)v aXXoov ^evoov e? TeTpaKta")(^i\iov9

Sia^i^daai e? avr^v. ^crai/ Se tvov ^ap^apaov ai v/Je?

a/AC^i ra? rerpaKoalas.

TLap/ixevLWU fxev Srj KOt W9 TrapfjveL 'AXe^apSpcp vav- 6

iuia-)(€cv, TO. re aWa Kparweiv tw vavriKw rov'i"^Wt]vaq

ParmenU eTTeXTr/^coi/ Kal Ti Kai Oeiou aveireidev avrou,

toinack^' ^"^^ oLCTog co(p6}] Ka6}jfX€P09 eir\ rod aiyiaXov

fleet *re=^"/cara TrpvjULvav rwv 'AXe^dvSpov veoov. Koi

iected. ^^ „ ^^ viKr}(TavTa^ fxev jueyaXa ooCpeXfjOrjcreaOai

eg TO. oXa' viKijOelcri Se ov Trapd fxeya ecrecrOai to irTai-

a-fxa' Koi. &g yap OaXaTTOKpure'iv tov<; Ylep(Ta<i. kui

avTOi Se e(btj eTri/Stivai eOeXeiv twv vewv /cat rov kivSvvov

ixerey^eiv. ^AXe^avSpog Se tJ) re yvwfxrj dfiapraieiv y

€(pr] JJap/meviooua Koi Tov a-t^fxelov T)] ov Kara to eiKog

Pvjtxl3\}'i<T€f oXlyaig re yap vavcr] irpog ttoXXw TrXetou?

Pvi> ovSevl \oyi(TfX(t) vav/J-o^creiv kul ov juefxeXeTtjKOTi

TU> (TCpcoU VaVTlKW TTpOS WKtJfJI-ei'OV TO TWV V^VITpLO)V

re Ka\ ^oivikoov Trjv re cjUiTreipiav twv M a/ceo oi^wj/ 8

Ka\ Trjv ToXfxav ev d^e^auo "Xoopio) ovk eOeXeiv irapa-

Sovvai T019 ^ap^dpoi?- Kal ^TTt]6ei(Ti Tr] vavfxa-)(Ja

ov lULiKpav Tnv (SXd/Srjv eaeaOai eV tov TroXefiov Trjv

irpooTrjv SoPav, to. re aXXa Ka\ Tovg "EiXXtjvag I'ecore-

pietv TTiOO? TOV vavTtKOv TTTaia-fxaTos Tt]v e^ayyeXiav

eirap6ei>Ta<s. TavTa /nev tw Xoyiafxo) ^vvTiOeig ovk g

ev Kaipo) airecpaive vavixayeiv ' to Oeiov Se avTog

dXXr] eprjyelaQar etvai fieu yap ttjOO? avTOv tov

deTov, gXa' oti eir) -yw? KaOijjuevog ecjyaivcTO, SoKeiv

oi ludXXov Ti a-rjfjLaiveiv otl e/c 'y/79 KpuTyjaei tov Yiepauiv

VaVTlKOV,

40 AAESANAPOY

Kat €v TOVTcp rXawiTTXOf, avrjp twv Sokijuoou ev XIX.

MfAj/T6d, eKireixcpQeii; irapa 'AXe^avSpov irapa tov o/hulov

Si e f^^ '^^^ "^^^ ^evcov Twv /micrOoCpopoov, oh fJ-aXXov

Miletus ' ' ' '^ ' ' "^

eOtXeii' Tovg MtX>/cr/ou9 /caJ tou? Xijueua? irape'^eiv koi-

povs 'AXePdvSpcp KOI TLepcraig' Koi. Ttjv irokiopKLav eiri

TOVTOL^ Xveiv rj^iov. ^AXe^avSpo^ Se YXauKiTnra) /uev 2

irpo^TacrcreL aTraXXaTTecrOai kutu raj^og eg t)]v ttoXiu

Koi MtX>/o-iot9 eirayyeXXeiv irapacTKeva'CecrQaL wg fxa^^ou-

[xevovg ecoOev. avTog S' eirio'Tijcrag rw rel-^ei ixtjyavag,

Kcu TO. fxkv KaTajSaXwv ot oXiyov twv rei^ajf, to. oe

KaTacreLuag eir't ttoXv Trpocrtjye Ttjv arpaTiav cb? eiri-

/Brjcro/uieuovsfj

KaTeprjpnrTO >? ecrecraXevTO to Tetyog,

ecbojuLapTovvTcov kui /jlovov ov Oewjuevcov tcov Ylepcrwv

airo Trjg Mi//caA>;9 TroXiopKovfxevovs Tovg (plXovg cr(pu)v

Kol ^vixixa-^ovg.

'El/ TOVTM §e Koi ol aiUL(p] ISiKavopa airo r^? Aao>/9 3

Tf]v opfxr]]/ TUiv ^vv 'AXe^avopu) KanSoPTeg e? tov Xifxeva

itscao-exeTrXeoi' toov ^liXtja-icov irapa yrjv Ty'jv eipealav

TTOioufxevoi, KM KUTa TO (TTOixa Tou Ai/m-euog

ll'TTep (TTevoTaTOV rjv avTiTrpdpovg ^v^tju Tag Tpiripeig

opfxlcravTeg aTroKeKXeiKecrav tw jxev Y\.ep(nK(a vavTiKw

TOV Xifieva, Toig ISliXtjcrioig oe Tt]v €k toov Yieprrwv

<jo(peXeiav. evOa ol MiXtjcrioi Te Koi ol ixicrQocpopoi 4iravTa'^oOev i/St] TrpoaKeifxeucou (rfpicn twv Ma/ce^oVwi'

ol fxev avTcov pnrTOVVTeg <T<pag ev tu OaXaara-rj ctti

TCOV a(T7rL§oov vtttkjov eg vrjaioa Tiva avcovufxov Tr]

TToXei eTTiKeLixevi'iv Sievrj-^ovTO ' 01 Se eg KeXr]Tia

e/n/SaivovTeg koi eTreiyo/uievoi virodtOacrai Tag Tpirjpeii

ANABA2I2 I, 19. 41

Tu>u MaKeoovcov eyKaTeKrjcpOrjcrav ev T(p (TTOfxaTi tov

\i/uL€V09 Trpo^ TU>v TOifjooov' ol Se TToWol ev aVTl] Tt]

TToXei aTTwWvvTO.

'AXe^avSpoi Se e-^oixevrji; tjSr] Tt]9 TroXew? ext 5

TOf? eg Tfjv vt](Tov KarairecpevyoTas exeTrXet avTOS,

/cAiytta/ca? (pepeiv eiri Tag Trpcopag tcov rpirjpuiv Ke\ev-

aag, cog kqtu ra aTroTOjua ryjg vijcrov, KaOairep irpog

Tei-^og, eK tcov vecov Trjv a-nol^acnv Troirja-ojuevog. cog Q

oe oiaKiPovveveiv eOeXovTag Tovg ev t^ vr'ia-w ecopa,

olKTog Xaju/Bavei avTov tcov avSpcov, oti yevvaiol re

Kai TTia-Toi avTU) e<paivovTO, koi inrevSeTai irpog av-

Tovg eiTL Twoe cog avTW pva-TpaTeveiv tjcrav §e ovtol

lj.i(Tuo(popoL ' ^Xkriveg eg TpiaKocrlovg. avTOvg Se ]VLX>/cr/-

ovg, ocroi firj ev tii /faTaX)/\|yet r^? ttoXcco? eirecrov,

aiptJKe Km eXevOepovg elvai eScoKev.

(Ji ce pap^apoi airo Ttjg Mu/caX?;? opfxco/xevoi Toig y

fiev >]fxepaig eTreirXeov to) 'EXX»;w/fco vavTiKw, irpoKa-

XecrairOai eg vavfxa^iav eXirlTovTeg ' Tag Se vvKTag

irpog Ti] MuKoXt] ovk ev KaXw wpixtCovTo, oti vSpev-

ecrOai airo tov ^aiavSpov TroTajuov tcov ck^oXcov Sia

/xaKpov ^vayKaXpvTO. 'AXe^avSpog §e Taig juev vavcr] 8

tov Xifxeva e(pvXaTT€ tcov M.iXr]cri(i}V, cog /mr] ^la-

craivTO ot ^ap/3apoi tov ecTrXouv, eKTrefXTrei (5' eg

Tt]v }S/lvKaXt]v ^iXcoTav, ayovTa Tovg T€ iTnreag Ka\

TU)V irei^cov Ta^eig Tpeig, irapayyelXag e'lpyeiv Tijg

airopdaecog Tovg airo twv vecov. ol Se, vSaTog re

cnravei Kai twv oKXwv eTriTrjoeicov ovoev aXXo otl fxr]

TroXiopKov/uevoi ev Taig vavcriv, eg ^afxav UTreTrXev-

crav eKeWev 8e eTna-iTi(ja./j.evoi aiiOig eireTrXeov t/}

42 AAESANAPOY

MtAj^Tft). Kai Tag fxev TroXXa? twv ueooi/ rrrpo tov g

Xifxepog €v fxeTCwpo) irapeTa^av, ei Trrj CKKoXea-aivTO

is TO TreXayo? Tovg ^aiceSovag' Trivre Se avTwv

eia-iTrXevcrav eig tov jxeTa^ Trjs re Aao?;? Pi]aou koi

TOV (TToaTOTreSou Xijueva, eXTricrauTeg Kevm KaTa-

X)7\|/-e(T0a£ Tct? 'AXe^dvSpov vaOg, oTi Tovs vavTag

aTroa-KeSdvpva-Qai to ttoXv cnro tcov fewv tov? fxev

€70. (ppvyavicrfxu), TOf? oe eir] ^vyKOfxiStj Twv eiriTri-

Selcov, Tovs Se koi e? irpovofiag TUTTOjULevovs, ireTrvcr-

juevoi rj(Tav. aXXa /xepos juev rt aTTtjv tcov vavTaiv

e/c ^e TU)v TrapovTcov ^vjULTrXtjpoocrag ^AXe^uvopos oe'/ca

vavs, «9 TrpocnrXeovcras Tag irevTe tcov Tiepcrwv kut- IO

€?^e, Tre/x'Trei ctt' avTag kuto. (nrovoijv, e/m^aXXeiv

avTnrpwpovg KeXevarag. oi Se ev Tais irevTe vavcri

Twp Tlepcrwv, wg Trap' eXTriSa avayofxevovg tov? Ma-

KeSovas ex< (T(pa.g eioov, virocrTpiy^avTeg e/c ttoXXov

ecbeuyov irpos to aXXo vavTiKov. Kai rj fxev xacrcreodv I I

vavs dXi(TK€Tai avToig dvopacriv ev Tt] (pvyij, ov Tayv-

vavTOvcra' at Se Tecrcrapei ecpOaaav KaTa<pvyetv eig tus

oiKeias Tpii'ipeis. ovtoo fxev Sr] d-KeTcXevcrav airpaKTOi €K

M(X?/TOU oi Ylepcrai.

'AXePavSpog Se KaToXvcrai eyvw to vavTiKOv XP^~ XX°

jULUTCov re ev tm TOTe dirop'ia Ka\ afxa ovk a^iofxayxiv

opwv TO avTOv vavTiKov TO) YlepariKW, oukovvSiege of ,«^ , y '^

Haiicar= eoeXcciv ovo€ juepei Tivi T>]9 (TTpaTias KIV-nassus. <\ t "^ ^ ' ' ' v ^ '-

ovveveiv. aWuis re eirevoei, KaTe-ywv »idt] tw

TreYip Ttjv 'A^crtav, oti ouTe vovtikov eTi SeoiTO, Tag re

'TrapaXiovg TVoXeig Xa^cou KaTaXvcrei to Tlepcrcov vauTi-

Kov, ouTe OTToQev Ta? VTrrjpecrLai avfXTrXtjpwcroviTiu ovTe

ANABA2I2 I, 20. 43

07r>; Tij? 'Acrrn? Trpocre^ovaiv e^oi/ra?. kul tov aerov

TuvTi] (jwe^aWev on ecn']fJi.r]V€v avTW ck t>/9 <y^s

KpaT)](T€iv Toov vewv.

Tavra Se SiaTrpa^djULei^o? eTrJ Ka^Oia? ecrTeXXcTO, 2

on ev 'AXiKapvacrcrcp cruvecrTtjKevai ov (pavXrjv §vva-

IJi.iv Tcov T€ ^ap^dpu>u Koi ^evwv e^j/yyeXXcro. bcrai

Se ev /necrct) Tro'Xet? MiXj/TOu re koi AXiKapvaacrov,

TauTa^ €p ecboSov Xa^oliv KaTa<7TpaTOireoevei irpo?

'AXiKapvaarcru}, aTre^cov ri;? TroXeto? e? Trevre /naXicTTa

(TTaSlov^, o)? ctt] -^povlo) TToXiopKia. i] T€ yap (pvai? 3

TOV voopiov oyupov eiroiei avTO Kai birr} tl evoecv cog

TTpog d(T(pd\eiav ecpaivero, ^vfJLTravTa ravra ^le/uLvcov

T€ ai/ro? irapcov, I'/St] cnrooeoeiyfxevos Trpo's Aapeiou

T^9 T€ KUTW 'Aa/a? KOI TOV VUVTIKOV TTUVTO'i ijyefXODVy

€K TToWov TrapecTKevaKei, kul (TTpaTicoTaL iroWoi /mev

pevoi juicrOocbopoi ev Tt] iroXei eyKaTeXeKpOrjarav, ttoXXoi

Se KOI YiepcTcov avTcov al re Tpa'/peig ecpcop/j-ovv tu>

Xifievi, cos Kai otto tcov vuvtcov iroXXtjv co(peXeiav

yiyvecrOai e? Ta epya.

Tt] /jLev St] TrpcoTij I'lfxepa TrpocrdyovTog 'AXe^avopov tm 4

Tel-yei kutu Ta? e-wi MiyXacra (pepoiKrag TruXa? eKopo/n}']

re ytyveTai tcov e/c t>;? TroXeco? koi uKpopoXicr^og '

KOi TOVTOu? ov '^aXcTTcog avecTTeiXav Te ol Trap AXe-

^dvSpov dvTeKSpajULOvTeg Kai eg Tt]v iroXiv KaTeKXeiaav.

Ov TToXXaF? ^e vcrTepov ^/uepaig ^AXe^avopos ava- 5

Xa3cov Tovg Te viracnrLcrTag Kai Trjv tcov eTUipcov 'ittttov

Failure of Kai n]v 'AjuvvTOv Te Koi YlepSiKKOv Kaiattempton ,^ , ,^ , y ,

Myndus. IMeAeaypov tu^^iv Trjv ireiiKJ^v Kai irpog

TOVTO19 Tovg ToPoTag Kai Tovs 'Aypidvag TrepirjXde

44 AAE^ANAPOY

T»7? TToAeo)? €9 TO TTjOo? Mw^ou fxcpos, TO Te Teryo9

/caroxp-o/jiei'o?, et ravTU eirifxayjloTepov Tuy^dvet 6v e?

T»;i/ Trpoa-fSoXtji' koi djiia ei Ttjv ^IviSov eP eTriSpo/mtj^

ovvaiTO \a6u)v KaTacryeiv • eaecrBai yap ov cr/ULiKpav

Tt]v ociCpeXeiav e? t^jv Tt]9 AXiKapvaaaov iroXiopKiav

rt]v ^IvfSov oiKCiav yevofxevtjv ' kul tl koi ei^eSiSoTO

avTW €K Twv ^Ivv^ioov, el XdOoi vvkt6(; irpocreXBwv. 6

avTO^ IJ.ev §r] Kara rd crvyKei/meva dfJi<p\ /mecra^ vvktus

irpocrriXOe tm re^^et * wg Se ovSev eveSlSoTO cnro twv

evoov, al re iMt^-^avai koi al KXl/ixaKes avTcp ov irap-

tjcrav, ola ot] ovk ctt] iroXiopKiav (TToXevTi, dXX'.cos ctt)

Trpooocrui epoioo/uevfj^ r//? TroXew?, Trpoa/iyaye koi w?

TMU MuKeoopcou T)]v (poXayya, v-iropiiTTeiv KeXevcrag

TO T€i-)^os. KOI eVa ye irvpyov KUTe^aXov ol Ma/ce-

ooveg • ov [xevToi eyvfxvuxre ye to Ter^o? Trecrcov ' koc yol eK Tr\<i TToAeo)? a'yua evpcocTTwg ajULvvojULevoi koi e/c Tt]9

AXiKapvacrcrov kutu OaXacrcrav it6XXo\ V/St] irapa^e-

^otjOtjKOTeg airopov eirolriaav tu) *A.XePai>Spo) tijv avTO-

cr^eojoj/ Te koi e^ eTTtSpomtj? KaTuXrjyp-iv Trjg MvfSou,

ovToo imeu o»/ eiravepyeTai 'A.Xe^auSpo9 ovoeu irpapag

wv eveKa wpjuyjOtj, kui tu iroXiopKia t^s A.XiKapi>acr<TOv

abOig TTpocrelye.

Ka/ Ta TrpwTu /mev Tf]u Tacppov i} irpo t>79 TroXecoc 8

opcopvKTO avToh, 7rXaT09 juev TpiaKovTa /ULoXicrTa

TTJ/p^ecoi/, jSaOog oe eg TrevTCKalSeKa, eywvvve, tov paSlav

elvai Trjv Trpocrayooyiju tcov Te irvpycov a<p' wv ejueXXe

Tovg aKpo/SoXta-fiovg eg Tovg 7rpofxa-)^o/ut.ei'ovg tov Tel-^ovg

iroielcrQai Kai twv dXXwv fxt^yavwv aig KaTaa-eieiv eirevoei

TO Tel-^og. KOLL i] Te TOLCppog avTw e-^wa-Qt] ov y^aXeiroos

Koi 01* Trxftyoi Trpocn'fyoiTO vt^ij. »>i At eV t>k 'A\(m«^»- q

ItlCTTtM" MvmW tVt^^VlUOJXeV. «V e7«T^)»}vTtu TOl'v T«f

jn'pyoi'i Kyu tvcm< «T\\ai )ii»/;Yn»xu "x-fwatfy/nttin 1/ tn'

TTOpLW ToC' TpocTtiyi^^m tfcray^ viro rwr t^vXuKm- t*

ayt^if. *«/ axe(\iit>» uiTftM iTXXoi t*' ev (pvo/niiKoiTii lo

vaJ eicaTo» (ful NeoTTi>\t7ioc /> ' Aftpaf^aiov, rof 'A/ii'»-

Tov a^eXtpO'f, Tft'i -rrapa Ad^ft'ot' (uVo/ioXi^mxft'i' '

TU'J' (^ *A\f^rt>t^pOl' CrTf.HlTlWTttH- llTt'f^dlOr )Utl' t\ tK-KlU-

SeKii, Toai'UiiTuii iV t-yti i)»TO rv' TptaKO<Tnn>'i, <it/ e«'

»v/cT/ yerojuf'^/'? T'ti eKrpo/xi}^ mpvXiiKTOTepoi t-<c to

TtTpiiyTKea^iU tta-av.

Oi' T-oWar? Ae t)ij.ef>aii varrepof At'o rau' J\I«i«:f- XXSoiwr OTrXtTai fK T»K Ilf^inVA-VOl' Ttl^tWi ^V<TKt}lOVlTt'^

Severe''^ *^"' ^'^*' ^t'/UXMOlTfS- (HTtU' Tt" Kill T«l tUToi'

be(ore"the^'^^'Tepog exl MC'yix TO) Xo'yco »}^e»'. tiOa tV/ (^j-

AoTJ/Uiu Tf t^iT—jxTfi aiTO/s". ^t^ rt Kat o onof

iVft^t'iiiuanej', uxTTe o—Xicru/xti ot ai'To< ex/ cti^om irpoa-

/3aXXoi'<7i T(v Teiy^ei Kara Tt]i' aKpai' Ttji' Trpo^ ^lv\a<Ta

/uoXiOTa T€Tpa/n/UL€n]i'. u'? eTTioti^ii' TVs" (xc^aw pa'yU';9

/xaXXo'j' T< »; xoo? xoXe/u/oi'f /xeT(t /cu'oui'oi' Tor (cyforo

Tronjao/Meioi. Kiii toi'toi'? K-oTi^o'iT-fs- Tn-e? Ta>i' eV 2

T*/? ~o'Xea>9 oi/o Te 01-709 ^'ol 01' ^vi \oyi(T/J.(o Trpoa-

(pepo/neiov^ Tw Te/^et eTreKOeoiKTiv. 01 ce tou? /uLcr

fyyyf xeXaVavra? axe/fTen'oi', x^oo? ce Tovg a(^fcrT>/-

vo'to? >jKpo^o\i(^oiTO, -TrXeovetcTovfJLevoi to) Te xX»/0e/

\'«) Tov \uwiou Tj] •^aXeTTOTtp'i, oTi €^ inrepoe^iov TOii

TToXefxioig t] cTTiSpo/JLy'i T€ KOI 6 a/c"yOOj8oX/(7/U09 e'ytyi'eTO.

46 AAEgANAPOY

Koi ep TOVTO) avTeKOeovcri Tiveg Km aXkoi tcov tov 3

TlepSiKKOv (TToaTUOTUiu, Koi airo Trjg AXiKapvacrcrov

aWoi Kai ^ujUTTiTTTei fxa^t] Kaprepa Trpo? tw tcl-^^ci'

Kcu KaraKke'iovTai avdiq ttjOO? rcov ^laKe^ovoov eicroo

Twv TTvXcov ol e7reKSpajui.6vT€<f. Trap* oklyov §e t]\de kuc 4

aXcouai r] ttoX/?. Ta re yap Tei^>/ ev Tcp tot€ ovk ev

ciKpi^ei (pvXaKt] rjv Koi ^vo irvpyoi Kai ixecroirvpyiov e?

eSacbo9 KaTaireirTOOKOTa ov ^aXeTrrjv civ too crTparev-

juuTi, et dirav irpocrii'j^aro tov epyov, rtjv e? to Tecy^og

irapoSou irapecT'^e, Kai 6 Tjo/to? irvpyo<s KaTacrecreicr-

jiievos ovSe ovto? ^aXeTrw? uv ^peKpOt] vTropvcrcrojuevog '

aWa e(p6>]iTav yap avTi tov TreTrrco/coTO? Tei^oi/?

earuiOev irX'ivBivov /xt]VoeiSe9 avTOiKoSoiui.t]aafjL€uoi ov X"^^"

TTto? i'tto TToXv^eipia?.

Kai TOVTO) eirtjye Trj vcTTepaia Tag fxrj-^avag 'A\e'^av- 5

Spog ' Kai eKSpofj.)] avOig yivcTai tcov ck Tt]9 TroXeto? eiri

Tip e/uLirprjcrai Tag fxriyavag. Kai juepog jj-ev ti

the be- Toov ir\t](Tiov TOV Teiyovg yeppwv Kai evog tmvsieged.

, ^ y ^, ,^ ^ 5< "WTTvpywv Tcov i^vAivwv KaTCKavui], Ta oe aAAa

Sie(pv\apav ol Trep] ^iXooTav re koi 'EiWapiKov, oh ^

(pvXaK)] avTcov eireTeTpaiTTO ' &)? oe kou 'AXe^avSpog

eTrecbai/)] ev tij eKSpofxr], Tag re oaoag ouag e'-^ovTcg

€K^e^or]Qi']Ke(Tav acpevTcg Kai Ta owXa ol iroXXoi av-

T03V pi^avTeg e'laro) tov Teij^ovg ecpevyov. kuitoi tu 6

ye irpcoTa t»/ cpvcrei re tov ywpiov, virepoe^iov ovTog,

eireKpaTOvv Ka\ ov KaTo. jueTcoTrov juovov tJKpo^oXi-

Toi/TO eg Tovg TrpofJ.a'^oiJ.evovg toov jurj-^aviov, aWaKa] eK TU)V -wvpywv, 01 Srj eKaTepooOev tov eprjpijui/uievov

Tel-^oug avTol viroXeXeiju/uievoi e/c TrXayiov re Kai fxovov

ANABASIS I, 22. 47

ov Kara vmtov irapeiyov aKpo^oXll^ecrOai e? TOvg tus

aPTU)KodojULi]jui.€vo) Telj^ei Trpo(TayovTa<i.

Ov TToWaig Se vcrrepov ^juepai^ eirayovTo^ avOi^ XXII.

'AXe^aiopov Tag jurj-^ai^a.'s tm ttXivOIi'm tw ej^ro? re/vet

Second "•"' «'^TOi' ecpecTTtjKOTog T(p epyu), eKSpo/uLT] yly-

the be-J^fTtti 7ravot]juei €k Ttj^ TroAeco? tcov juev kutu to

sieged.epj^pijujULevov Tei-)(^og,

fi avTog 'AXe^avSpo? eVe-

TeTUKTO, TWV 0€ KUTU TO TpiTTvXoV,f]

OvSe irClVV TL

Trpocroe-^ojULeuoig Toh MaKcSotriv ^v. koI at /mep SoSdg re 2

Taig ^tjy^ai^ah ei/e^aWov Koi ocra aWa e? to epd^ai t€

(pXoya Kai ein jueya TrpoKoXea-acrOai • T(Jov Se d/UL(p'

'AXe^avopov avTwv t6 €/uL^aW6vTu>v eg avTOvg eppoojue-

1/0)9 Kai Tolg iJ.rjyavai<i diro twv irvpywv XiOcoi/ t€ fxeyd-

Xoov acjyie/iieuwv Kai ^eXoou e^UKOVTiTojiievo^u ov -vaXeTrcog

airearTpaipricrav re Ka\ ecpvyov eg Ttjv iroXiv. Ka\ (ho- 3

vog TovTrj ovK oXiyog eyeveTO, ocrw TrXeioveg re ku]

^vv jiiel^ovi TYj ToXjut] e^eSpafxov. 01 fxev yap eig ye'ip-

ag eXOovTeg Totg M a/ceo oVii' airedavoi', oi Se cifxch]

Tftj Tei^et Tft) KaTaTreTTTCOKOTi, (JTevoTcpag re t} kutu

TO TrXrjOog avTwv Ttjg irapoSov ovcrtjg Ka\ twv kutc-

ptjpijuiuei'wu Tov Tei-^ovg ^aXeTrhf Ttjv virep/Saa-iv avTOig

irapeyovTociv.

Loig Se /caret to Tp'nrvXov eK§pa/uLov(nv dir^vTa Wto- a

Xefiaiog o a-oo/maTocpvXa^ 6 jSacriXtKog, t-i']v re 'A.SSaiov

Kai iiaavopov daa ol tclPiv aycov Ka\ ecrTiv

ins: at the ovg Tcov \jriAwv' Kai ovTOi ovoe avTOt ^aAeTrwf

eTpi-^avTO Tovg ck Ttjg iroXewg. ^vve^t] Se ku] e

TOVTOig ei> Ti] aTroyii}pr](Tei KaTa (TTevrjv yi(hvpav Ttjv

CTTi Trjg Ta(ppov TreTroitjim.evtjV (pevyovai Tr]v re yecbv-

48 AAE^sTANAPOY

pav avTTjv VTTO irXyOou? ^vi'TOiyj/^ai kui TroXXofs

avTOiv e? Tr]V TaCppov eixirecrovTas Tovg fiev v-tto crcpcov

KaTairaTtjOei/Ta? SiacpOapiji/ai, tov? oe /cat avwOev

VTTO Twu ^UKeSovcov ^aXkofiivov^. 6 TrXercrro? oe 6

(pouo? Treot ra/"? Tri/Xai? aiyrai"? ^vve^tj, on ^ ^^7'

KXeia-ig Tcov TTvXoov (po^epd re Koi irpo tov Kaipov

yevofi-evrj, Seicravrcov M'? cruveicnrearoiev rols (pevyov-

(TLV e-vofxevoi avToiiv ol Ma/ce^Ofe?, ttoXXoi'? Kai toov

(biXiwv tJ/? eicroSov aireKKeKjev, ovq 7rpo9 avTOi^ toi^

Telvecriv ol Ma/ce^ove? SiecpOeipav. kui irap' oXiyov y

riKev aXwvai rj TroXcg, ei fxij 'AXe^avSpog apeKoXecraro

TO a-rparevixa, en Siacrcocrai edeXcov Ttjv A.XiKapva(r-

(Tov, i'i Ti (plXiov euSoOelt] ck tcou AXiKapvacraeiov.

aireBavov Se tcou fiev e'/c t^? TroXewg eg -^iXiovg, rwv

§e Pvv 'A-XePavSpo) aiJ.(p\ rovg TecraapaKovra, kui ev

rovToig JlToXejUialog re 6 crw/uLaTocpvXa^ Koi. KXeajO^o?

o TOpap-)(r]<; koi 'A.SSaiog, -^^iXiap-^og ovrog, koi aXXoi

TU)v ovK rjixeXriixivwv Ma/ceooi/CDi/.

"Ei'Oa (5^ PvveXOovTeg ol riye/moueg rwv TLepa-cov, 'Opov- XXIIl

TO^drt]? re koi ^lefxi^oou, koi €k tu>v irapovToov yvovTcg

crcbdg Te ov Svpafievoug eiri iroXv avTeyeiv t>/

Destruc-, y ^ , , ,

tionof "TToXlOpKiU KUI TOV TCf^OVg TO [JLeV TL KUTUTTe-thecity. x vw » '> v n^ x /

TTTCOKog t]ori opoovTeg, TO 06 Kai KaTUcrecreicrfxe-

vov, TToXXovg Se Twv (TTpaTicoTWV ev Toig eKopo/iiatg Tovg

fxev SiecpOapinevovg, Toijg Se Koi inro tov TeTpwaOai airo- 2

/xd-vovg ovTag, TavTa ev vw Xa/SovTeg ctjULCp). oevTepav

(bvXuKrjV T^f VVKTOg TOV T€ ^vXlVOV TTVpyOV OV OVTOl

dvTCpKoSofxrjcrav TOig fj.tj'^^avaig twv TToXe/uLioov eixTrnrpam

KOLi Tct? (TTOa? ev oug Tu /3eX>7 avTOis onreKeiTO. eve^a-

ANABASIS I, 23. 49

\ov oe KOI Tai? oiKiai^ irvp Taf? TrXtjcrlov tov rei-^ovg '

3

Tcov oe Kai 'irnoa"))^aTO rj (h\oP citto T€ twv cttovov kui

TOV TTvpyov TToWrj eireve'^eicra kul n Kai tov ave/j-ov

TUVTrj ewKpepouTO? ' avTCOP Se ol fxeu e? Ttjv CLKpav

Tt]v ev T}] vi](TM air6'vci)pr]rrav, 01 oe e? t»/v 2aA^ca/cioa

ovTU) KaXovjULeuijp. 'AXePai^Spo) Se co, ePiiyyeXOt] 4

TaVTa TTjOOf Tll'dOV aVT0IJL0\t](TaVT0iV €K TOV epyOV KUl

TO TTVp TToXv KuOewpU aVTO^, KULTOl UfXCpl TTOV IJ.€CTa<S

vvKTaq y)v TO yiyvofxevov, 6 ^e Koi wg e^ayayoov Tovg

MuKeoova? tovs fxev eTi ejUL7ri7rpa.uTa<i Tt]u ttoXiv

CKTcifev • 0(Toi oe ev Taig otKLUi? KUTaXajUL^dvoii'TO toop

AXiKapvacrcrecov, tovtov? Se a-wTeiv TraprjyyeiKev.

' Ho;; re eco? V7re(paive koi KaTtSioi/ Tag uKpag a? 5

o'l Te YLep(Tai koi ol fjnaOofpopoi KaTeiXycbecrav, TavTag

ixev UTreyvw iroXiopKetv, Tpi/St'iu Te eirivowvPrincess

, , , ^^ , , , , , x ^ ,

Adaap° ovK oXcyyjv eaecrOat ol ajucb avTug Ty (bvcreipointed to ^ , , , , ^ ^ ,y ^ ,

govern TCOV ywpLwv KUL ov Trapa jueya eivai epeXovTi

ol T>]v ToXiv t'/St] TTucruv. Od^l/ag Se Tovg 6

airouayovTag ev tij vvkti Tag fxev iiirj-^avag eg ipaX-

Xeig ayrayayeiv eKeXevcre Tovg eir avTotg TCTay/uLevovg

'

avTog oe ti]v ttoXiv eig eoacbog KaTa<TKa\^ag avTrjg

Te TavTt]g Kai Trjg aXXtjg K^aplag (pvXaKtjv ey-

KaToXnrwv ^evovg jmev ire^ovg Tpia"viXiovg, linreag

oe eg oiaKO(novg kul \\ToXeiJ.a2ov t^yefxova avTcov

em ^pvyiag ecrTeXXeTO. Ttjg oe l^apiag ^v/jLTrdcrrjg y(TaTpaireveiv eTa^ev "A.§av, OvyuTepa fxev 'E/ca-

TOfxvov, yvvaiKa Se ISpiecog, og Ka). dSeX(p6g avTii

cov KUTa vo/uov TCOV l^apwv ^vvwKei. kcu 6 fxev

ISptevg TeXevTcov TavTU e7reTj0e\|/-e to. irpdyjuaTa,

D

50 aae;5?anapoy

vevo^LCTfxevov ev rr} 'Acria en airo ^ejuepafieo)? koi

yvvaiKa'i ap-^eiv avSpwv. Ui^coSapo^ Se t>]v jmeu

eKpaWei rtj? ap-)(rjg, avTO? Se KaT€i-)(e to. Trpayfxara.

Te\evT)'jcravT09 oe TLi^coSdpou 'OpovTo/BaTt]!} Trjv Ka- 8

pS)V apyriv €K /SacriXecD? TrejucpOeh^^X^' 7«y"/3i0O9 cov

ili^cooapov. 'Ada oe "AXii/Sa jjlovov /care/'ye, -vuipiov

T^9 Ka^om? ev roig 6-)(yp(joraTOV, koI ea^aXovri 'AXe^-

avopo) e? Kapiav aTri'iura, to. re "AXiv^a ii^SiSovcra

KOi TraiSa oi TiOejuevij 'AXe^avSpov. koi 'AXe^avSpog to.

T€ AXivoa avTu eTrirpe-^e kcu to ovojua tov ttqiSos ovk

a'7rt]^icocr€, koi eTreiSij A\iKapva(Tcr6v re ePeiXe koi t»7?

aXA//9 Ka|0m9 eTreKpuTtjcreu, avTij apyeiv aTrdcrt]? eSooKe.

T(cu M.aKۤ6i^(iov Se t'cTTiv dl avvecTTpaTevfxevoi 'AXeP- XXI^avopcp fjcrav vecocrTi irpo T>]g (TTpaTeia^ yeya/mrjKOTes'

Kai TOVTcou eyi^to ovk d/uLeXijTea eivai 01 'AXeT-Furlough n '\\''' ^ •> ^ > 17- r

granted . avopo?, aAA eKTrefXTTei yap avTOVs e/c JVa/xa?to newly ' ' AT 'J ' "

married OLa-)(eiij.a(TOVTa^ ev MaKeoovia afxa Tatg yv-

donians. vai^iP, eTTiTu^ag avToig YlToXe/naiov re tou

^eXevKOV, eva twv aco/ULaTO(f)v\dKO)v tcov /3a-

<Ti\iKU>v, KUi TWV aTpuTijywv K^oivov re tov YIoXe/ULO-

KpaTOvg Koi ^leXeaypov tov NeoTTToXe/iiov, oti koi 2

avTOi TCOV veoyaiuLwv i/crav, Irpoa-Tupa^, eTreiSdv avTo'i re

eTravicocri Ka\ tovs jueTu a-(pMv cKTrefxcbOevTag eir-

avayayoxTi, KUToXe^ai iTnreas re Kal Tre^ovg ck tw^oopas bcrovi TrXeicrTovg. Kat tw epyip TwSe, e'lTrep

Tivl aXXft), evooKiiJirjcre irapd Ma/ce^ocrii/ 'AXe^avSpog.

eireix^e oe kcu J^Xeavopov tov TloXefxoKpdTovg ext

^vXXoy^ CTTpaTiMTOov e<V TleXoTrovvtjcrov.

Ylapfxevloova oe TrejuLTrei ctt) "^apSecov, oov^ ovtm tcov 3

AXABA2I2 I, 25. 51

re eraipuiv 'nrirap-^iav Kai Tovg GerraXoff Linrea^

Alexander "^"^ '^^^'^ oXXov? ^vfifxa-^ovq Koi Taq a/ixa^a?

in Lycia ayetv KOI Ke\ev€i irpo'iivai cnro ^apoecov ctt]and Pani= / ' '

phylia. ^pvylav. uvTOS Se eirl Au/c/a? re koc TLafx-

(pvXiag I'jei, o)? Tfj? TrapaXiov Kpar/jcras ay^pelov kutu-

(TTricraL rot's TroXejULioig to vavriKov. kui TrpcoTov 4

juev ev irapoScp "Yirapva, ywpiov o-^vpov, cpuXaKtjv

evov ^evovs fxicrOocbopoug, e^ e(p6oov e\a(iev' ol €K

Trj? aKpa<} PtvoL vTTOcnrovooi e^rjXOov. eireiTa eia-

^aXwv eg AvKiav TeXfjuacrea? [xev ojULoXoyui TrpotTijya-

ycTO' irepdcrag Se tov '^avdov TTOTafxov llivapa kui

'iEavdov Tt]V TToXiu KOI YluTapa evooQivTa eXa^ev kui

aXXa eXaTTO) -TroXia-juaTa ey TpiUKOVTa.

Tavra KaraTrpd^u's ev cikjuli] >'jS}] tov -^^eifiocivog eg Tt]v 5

MiXua^a KaXovfievrju -yuipav ecrfSaXXei, // kcTTi /mev Tijg

Winter lJ.eydXt]g ^pvyiag, ^vveTeXei oe eg T)]V AuKtau

334=333- Tore, ovTcog e/c (SaaiXecog jueyaXou TCTayixevov.

Kai evTavQa ^acniXiTwv irpecr^eig tJkov irepi (piXtag Te

Koi ypvcrcp (jTe(havM cTTefbavoicraL ^AXe^avopov kui

virep TMV avTayv eTriKijpvKevojuevoi eTrpecr/Seuou Aukiwu

Twv KUTU) OL TToXXoi. AXe^avSpog Se ^acrtjXiTag Te 6

Ka] AuAc/ou? TrapaSovvai Tag TrdXeig Toig eiri tovtw crreX-

XofJievoLg eKeXevcre' Koi irapeooQrja-av ^v/ULTracrai. avTog

Se oXiyov vaTepov eg Trjv ^acrrfXloa Trapayevo/uievog

(Tvvepaipei avTOig (ppovpiov o-^pov, eiriTeTef^^icrjULevov Ttj

vwoa Trpog Tlicri^wv, oQev op/uLcoiuei'oi 01 ^dppapoi

TToXXa e/SXaTTTOu twv ^acnjXiTwv Tovg tvjv yrju epya-

iojiievovg.

"EiTi Se avTw irepi Tr]v ^acrtjXlSa ovtl e^ayyeXXerai XXV.

52 AAESANAPOY

'AXe^avSpov tov ^Aepoirov eiri^ouXeveiv, to. re aWa

Treachery'''^^ eratpcov OVTa KOI €V TM TOTS QecTcraXwv

of Alexan= -^ rr v "5" ' ?^ ' ' A \ '>- ?

der son of''"''^ LTnvov ap-^ovTU. i]v [xev orj o JxAe^ai'dpos

Aeropus; ouTog aSeXcpog 'Upojuievovi re Koi 'Appa^aiov

Twv ^uveiTiXa^oi'TMU Tij? crcpaytj? Ttj? ^tXiTnroV Kai 2

Tore aiTiav o-^ovtu avTov 'AXe^avSpo^ cKptiKev, on ev

TrpcoToig T€ a(piK€TO Tcciv (piXwv Trap avrov, e-TreiSf]

^iXiTTTTO? ereXevTijcre, koi tov OcopaKU ei'Svg avvtjKO-

XovOr]cr€v avT(p eig to. ^acrlXeia' vcTTepov Se Koi ev Ti/mrj

afxcp avTOv elye, UTparriyov re eTTi QpaKrjg (jTeiXai} koi

e-Treiot] KaAa? o Twv QeTToXwv ''nnrap-^o^ exJ craTpa-

ireia e^eTrefx<pO>], avTOv uTreSei^ev ap-^eiv t^? Oecrcra-

XiKij? 'iTrirov. TO. Se Ttjg cTri^ovX^^ ePriyyiXOri &Se.

Aapelog, eTreiot] 'A./xvvTa^ avTOixoXria-a'S irap avTov 3

Xoyov<i T€ Tivag kui ypa/ULfxaTa irapa tov ^AXe^avSpov

TOVTOv eKOjuicre, /caraTre'yaTrei eir) OaXaarcrav ^la-ivrjv,

avopa T\.ep(Tt}v twv u/jL<p' avTov ttkttov, 7rp6(pa(Tiv /nev

irapa ^AvTiXvyjv tov ^pvyiag aaTponrrjv, th Se aXijOeia

Tcp AXe^avopM TOVTtp crvvecrofxevov koi Tr/crret? owcrovTa,

€1 airoKTe'iveie /BacriXea 'AXe^avSpov, avTov j^acnXea

KaTacTTrjcreiv Ma/ce^ow'a? kou -^pva-iov ToXavTa ttoo? t//

^acriXela eTTiSdcreiv ^/Ata. o Se ^i(TLvtj<; aXov<i 7rpo9 4YlapfievlcDVO^ Xeyei Trpo? Tlapfjieviwva a}v eveKa aTrecr-

ToXr] ' Kai TOVTOV avTiKa ev (pvXuKi] irejUTrei Tlap-

fxevlcov Trap' 'AXe^avSpov, koi TrvvOaierai tovtu Trap'

avTOv 'AXe^avSpog. crvvayaywv Se tov^ (piXovi jSovXrjv

TrpovTiOei o TL -^pt] vTTep 'AXe^avSpov yvcovai. koi eSoKei

T019 €Taipoi9 iJit'jTe TraXai ev ^e^ovXevardai to KpuTicr- 5

TOV tov iTTTTiKOv uvopi ov TTiCTTCi) eTnTpe\l/a9, vvv Te

AXABA2I2 I, 25. 63

vprivai avTOv kutu TctYO? cKTroowv TToietcruai, irpiv Kai

eiriTri^eioTepov yevofxevov Tol<s ©eTraXor? ^vv avToh

TL veuiTeplarai. koll tl Km Oeiov ecpo/Sei avTOug. eVi 6

yap TToXiopKOvvTO'i cwTov 'AXe^dvopou AXiKapvacrarov

avairavecrdai /mev ev fxea-tjiulSpla, -^eXiooi'a §e Trepiire-

Tea-Qai inrep t//? K€(pa\>jg TpvC^ovaav /neyaXa Kai t^?

€vv>J9 aXXt] KOI aX\}] eTTiKaOl^eiv, Oopv^cooecrTepov »/

Kara to eicoOo^ a^ovcrav. tov Se vtto Ka/marou eyep- J

Orjvai fxev aSvi'drco? e^cLV €K tov vttiou, evo-^^Xovfxei/ov

Se irpog T^9 (poovtj? Trj X^'P' ^^ ^apeco? airocro^ricraL

Tijv "^eki^ova • Ttjv Se toctovtou apa Setjcrai cnrocpvyeiu

irKrjyelcrav wcTTe ein T^? KecbaXtj? avTyj? tov 'AXe^az/-

Spov KaBt]fj.evrjv jxt] TrpoaOev aveivai irpiv TravTeXwg

ePeyepQrivaL ^AXePavopov. Kai 'AXe^avooo? ov (pavXov g

TTOirjcrafxevo^ to t^9 j^eXioovo? aveKoivuxrev 'A.pt(TTav-

Spip Tw TeXfXLcraei, fxafTei ' ^A^pluTavSpov oe e7ri/3ovX}]V

fxiu eK TOV Twv (piXcov a-rjixaivecrOaL avTcp enrelv ' atjimai-

vecrOai Se koI oti KaTa(pavt]g ecTTai. Trjv yap j^eXidova

(TvvTpocbou T€ clvai bpi'iOa kui evvovv avOpwiroi^ Kai

XdXov fidXXou r] aXXijv opviOa.

'VavTO. T€ ovv Kai Ta airo tov Ylepcrov PvpQei^ g

irifJiTrei w? Tlapimei'iooua 'A.iuL<poT€pov tov 'AXe^dpSpov

fxeu iraiSa, ddeX(pov oe J^paTepov. Kai pvjj.-

hisarrest, , ^ ^ ^ , , , ,5,,

by Par= TTe/ATret avTW Toov llepyaioov Tiva^ Ttjv ooovmenio.

, ,

'

^ ' » A ^ ' \

'

t]yt]<TO/ixevov^. Kai o J\/uL<poTepos aToAtju

ivSvg eiri'^wpiov, wg ixt] yvcopijuo? elvai KUTa Tt]v ooov.

XavOavei dipiKOiuevog irapd Tlap/uLevicova ' Kai ypa/a- 10

IxaTa fxev ov Kojui'^ei irap AXe^avopov ' ov yap eoo^e

ypdSeiv virep ovSevos toiovtov is to ifxcpaves • to, oe

54 AAE^ANAPOY

ayro yXwcrarjg oi evTeTaXjuei'a e^/jyyeiXe. Kai outoo

^vX\aju(3av€Tac 6 'AXe^ai^^oo? ovrog koi ev (pvXaK}] fjv.

'AXe^apopo? oe apag e/c ^acrtjXlSo? juepos [xev Ti XXVT>7? (TTpaTiag oia tcou opcov Trefjurei eTn Ylepy>]^,

//

wSoTTeTTOirjKea-av avTio ol Gyoa/ce? '^(aXeirriv

army cross aWo)^ Kcti juaKpav oucrav Tr]v irapoSov ' aJro?

Taurus, §€ iraoa Triv OaXacrcrav via tou aiyiaXov vyethe other,

^ , , , -, „ «, / , ,nx '

under Tov<; a/ud)^ avTOV. ecTTi oe tuvtij >] 600^ ovkAlexander,

,, „ , /^ , , ,, ,'

,

,march to aWcog OTL /ULt] Tiou UTT fipKTOU avejULcov irveov-the coast.

, «, , , , , V ^> >

Twv • ei oe voroi KUTeyoiev, airopoog e^ei oia

Tov aiytaXov ooonropeiv. Tore e/c i^otwv crKXtjpcov 2

(^opeai e'7rnrvev(javT€<s, ovk avev tou Oelov, &>? ai'ro? re

Kac oi aju<p^ avTOV e^rjyovvTO^ evjuaptj Km Tayeiav Trjv

Trapooov irapicryov. €k llepy)]^ Se co? irporjet, evTvy^a-

vovariv avT(p Kara rrjv oSou 7rpe(T^ei^ 'A-cnrev^idov avTO'

KpaTope?, Trjv ixev iroKiv ei^SiSovreg, (ppovpau oe fxrj

ela-ayeiv Seofxevoi. kqI irepX [xev t>7? (ppovpau Trpa^ai/reg 3

airtjXOoif ocra ij^lovv • irePTriKOVTa §e toXuptu /ceXeJet

Tt] (TTpaTia Sovvai avToi? e? juktOov koi tov^ txTroi;? ovg

oaa-fMov ^acriXei erpecpou. ol Se virep re tou apyv-

pLov KOL T0U9 'iTTTTOus TTapaScocTeiu ^uvOe/jLevoL cnrrjXOov.

'AXe^avSpog Se eTTi 2/^//? ^ei. eicr\ Se oi ^iStJTai 4

KuyOtttiOf €K K.VfXt]^ T^9 A.loX[Sog ' KOI OVTOl XiyOVCTlV

„ . virep (TCpcov TOvSe tou Xoyov, otl ic<s KaTfjpav

of Side. ^g ^y ^^j, y^^, eKelvrjv oi irpcoTOi e/c J^ujutjg

CTTaXevTes koi cttJ oiKia-fxa) e^e^tjcrav, avTiKa Trjv jxev

'EXXa^a y\oi(T(7av e^eXaOovTo, evOug §e ^ap^apov

(pwvijv 'iecrav, Koi ovSe twu irpocr'^wpcov ^ap^apwv, aXXa

iSlav adfiou o'uttco irpoaQev ovaav Ttjv (poovijv ' Kai e/c

ANABASIS I, 27. 55

TOTe ov KUTa TOf? aWovg Trpoa-^wpovg ^lorJTaL e^ap-

^apuCov. KaToXiTTcov Se (ppovpau eV 2/^>/ Trporjei eTrJ 5

SuXXtoJ/, yuipiov oyvpov Kai (ppovpav e^^ov ^evcov juicr-

6o(p6po)V KOI avTCov TMV CTTi'^wpiMV ^ap^dpcou. aXX

ouTe TO ^vWiov i^ €(p6oov avToa-yeoLOv rjovvifirj Xa-

jSefv, eirei re ^yyeXOt] avTio kutu Tt]v oooi' Tovg^

A^<t-

TrevSiov^ OTi ovSev rcov ^vyKei/u.ei'cou Trpa^ai edeXoiev,

ovTe Tou^ 'iTTTTOU? TTapaoovvai Toh TrejUiCpOeicnv ovtc

a7rapi6fji.t]iTai to. ^^/jjuara , Kai tu ck Ttjg ywpm on

ava(TK€vacraiJ.evoL e? Trjv ttoXiv tu? tc TrcXa? airoKC-

KXeiKaari T0I9 irap 'AXe^avSpov Koi ra Te'iyri oirrj

TreTTOvrjKOTa tjv eiricTKevaCovaL, tuvtu irvdo^evo'S enri

'A.cnrei'Sov aveZevyvvev.

"QiKicTTai Se T^? 'A^airei/oov tu fxei/ iroWu cttI a.Kpa XX'ovypa KOI aTTOTOjULW koi Trap' avrrjv t)]V UKpau 6 EJjOU-

/ULeSwu TTOTajuo? pel' ijcrav Se avTOi^ Kcii irep\Aspeiidus ^ ,, , - n /- » 1 / 1 ,

besieged, T>; «Acoa €v Tip -^uafjiaXu) ovK oXiyai oiKJjaeigsurrenders ', I

'

n ' o^'

? - ? /

under hard Kai T€i-^09 irepiepepAfjTO avTai^ ov /meya.

TO fxev §i] re/p^o? evOv? w? irpocrayoPTa 'AXe^- 2

avopov eyvuicrav, eKKeiirovcriv bcroi eircpKovv Kai Ta<s

oiKiag o(ja<i ev tw ^Oa/uaXw (fKia-jULevag ovk eSoKOVv

oiacpuXa^ai up SuvaaOai ' avTol oe e? Ttjv aKpav ^ufxcpev-

yovaiv. 'AXe^avSpog Se cog ucpiKeTO ^vv t?/ omajmei, e'lcro)

Tov eprjfxov Tei-you? irapeXOinv KaTea-TpaTOirioeuaev ev

Taig oiKiaig TaU KaTaXeXeijUfxevaig ttjOO? tmv ^AcnrevSiwv.

OL (5e 'A.aTrev§ioi co? elSov avTov re 'A.XePavopov irap 3

eXirioa iJKouTa Ka\ to (TTpaTOireoov ev kvkXw arcpaw

TravTrj, TrejUf^avTeg Trpea-^eig eSeovTO e<p' oIcT'Trep to

TTpoTepov ^v/ulSijvai. koi 'AXe^avSpog to re "voopiov

56 aae;h^anapoy

o'^^vpov iStov Koi avTO^ W9 om ex: y^poviov TroXiopKiav

TrapeaKevacriiJi.evog eir). Toh avToIg ixev ovoe cog ^vue/Si]

TTOOf avTOvg ' ojurjpovg Se Sovpai a(poov Tovg owaroTa- 4

Toug eKeXevcre koi tou? "nrirovg ovg irpocrQev w^oXo-

yijG-av Kal eKUTOv raXavTa uvti tCov irevrriKOVTa, Kai

TreiOecrOai tu> craTpaTrri tm inr 'AXe^avopov rayOevTi

Kcu (popoug airocpepeiv ocra ert] Ma/ceoocrf, koi virep Ttjg

^oopag SiaKpiOtjuai i]v twv '7rpocr)^wp(jov ovcrav (3ia. Kare-

^eiv ev aiTia ijcrav.

Qg Se iravTa ol eire'^wptjcrav, aveTev^ev eg Tlepy>]v, S

KaKelQev eg ^pvylav wp/uajTO • >]v §e avrw rj iropela

irapa Tep/Mrjuarov ttoXiv. oi Se avQpwTroi

Aexap er^j^^^ ^^ ^^j^ yevog Ilitr/^at etcri /BdplSapoi,

Si *ff^*TYt^J/OiOJ/ oe oiKOV(Tiv virepuyjrriXov kolI iravTrj

Termes= aTTOTO/uov ' Koi rj oSog irapa Ttjv ttoXii'

j^aXeTTJ/. Ka9)']Kei yap e/c Ttjg TroXecog bpog 6

eirre e-rn rrjv 686v, Kai tovto /mev auTOu ev t^ 68(p

airoTraveTai ' avTiiropov 8e avTcc aXXo opog ecrTiv ou

fxelov UTTOTO/Jiov. Kai TavTa tu opt] (oairep TruXag

TTOiel eir). td oSw, Ka\ ecTTiv oXiyrj (puXaKu KartyovTag

TO. opt] Tavra airopov iroieiv Tr]u irapooov. koi roTe

ol Tep/j-rja-crelg iravSijfji.e] eK^e^otjQi^KOTeg ajucporepa to.

opt] KaTeiyov. Tavra Sij iSci)v ^AXe^avopog arpaTO- 7

TreSevea-Oai avTOV oirwg eiyov cKeXeue Tovg MaKeoovag,

yvovg on ov fxevovai Travotjime] oi lep/xtjcrcrelg avXi-

X^ojaivovg a(bag l^ovreg, a\X' a'7royMpi)(Jov(TLv eg Trjv

TToXiu 7rXt](Tiov ovcrav ol ttoXXol avTu>i>, ocrov (pvXaKrjv

KaraXiirovTeg eTrl roig opecri. Ka\ ^vve/Bt] oirccg e'lKaXev*

Ol /xei/ yap ttoXXoi avTcou aTrijXOou, at (pvXaKai Se

ANABA2I2 I, 28. 57

eyKare/jLeivav. Kai eiri TOVTOvg evOu^ avaXa^oov Tovi 8

re > o^oTai; kqi to? tcov aKOVTKTTwv Ta^eK koi twv

oirXiTwv o<Toi KovcpOTepoi eTnjyayev. oi §e om eiJ-eivav

paXko/J.evoi, aWa eXtTrov to "^(ap'iov * kul 'A.Xi^av-

opo? v7rep^aXu)u tu crTevu ttoo? t^ iroXei Karearpa-

TOTreSevcre.

Ka< eirravOa acpiKVOvpTai Trap' avTOv ^eXyecov irpecr- XX\'

peif. 01 oe eiai Kai avTol Tlia-iSai l3dp(3apoi koi -ttoXiv

Negotia-lJi€yaXi]v oIkovctl kol avTo\ iJ.a.'^iiJ.oi eicriv ' oTi

th'e"*^'**'(5e TToXefJiioi T019 Tep/uLtjcra-evacv €K iraXaiov

Seigians.eTvy)(^avov, VTTep (piXla^ 7rpo<s 'AXe^avSov

7re7rpecrl3€v/j.evoi ijcrav. Kai Trpog rovTOvg airevSeTai

AXe^avSpo^, Kai eK tovtov iriaTo'i^ e? diravTa ej(jpri(raTO. 2

ntv l€pfjLrj(Taou oe aireyuo) eXelv dv ev oXlyw -^povw,

uXX cTTi ZiuyaXaacrov ecneXXcTO. ^v oe Kai avTtj ov

fiiKpa TToX/f • TLiarloai koi TavTtjv wkovv, koi cSokovu

iravTiav Y\.i(ti8u)V iJ.ayliJ.wv ovtcou avrol eivai ol jut-ayi-

fxwTarot ' Kai Tore rov Xocpov tov irpo tw TroXewg,

OTi Kai ovTO? ov jueiov tov Telyovg 6yypo9 ef to

airofiayecrOai t/v, KaTeiXtjCpOTe^ irpocreixevov. 'AXiP- 3

ai>opo9 oe Tr]v jueu (paXayya twv Ma/ce^oj/wi/ tclttci

Moe. eiri [xev tov oe^iov Kepcog, 'iva koi avTOi eireTe-

TaKTO, TOi;? VTraa-TTia-Tug eiyev, eyofxevov^ Se tovtwv

TOf? ireCeTaipovq ecTTe eiri to evcovvfiov irapaTeiva^,

to? eKa(TT0i9 TWV CTTpaTrjywv >/ tjyefxovia Tt]9 ra^eto?

ej' Ti] Tore ^fxepa t/v, eirl Se rw evoovvjULW eireTaPev 4I'lyejuova ^A/uLvvTav tov 'Appa^alov. TrpoeTa-yOijaav

oe avTU) TOV /mev Se^iov Kepcoi o'l re TOpOTai Ka\ 01

'Aypiave^ ' tov Se evoovujuiov 01 aKOVTKTTai ol Qp^Kes,

58 AAE£?ANAPOY

S)V rjyeLTO ^itoXk?]? ' ol yup linre'i^ avTO) ovk wCpeXifioi

ev "ij §vo-)(0)pca rjcrav. roh TLnTiSai^ Se koi Tep/mtja-creig

7rpo(T^el3o>)6i]KOT€? ^vvera^avTO.

"HSi] Se ol a/uLCp' 'AXe^avSpov Trpocr^e/SXtjKOTeg tw opei 5

oirep KaTelyov ol T\.i(jL^ai Kar avTO to airoTOixwraTOV

T^? avoSov ijcrav, kou ev tovtio eiriTiQevTaiDefeat of

•> - , q ' o ^ ' - '

the Pisi= avTOi<i Ol pappapoi Ao-^oig KUTu Kepag eKare-dians, cap= -Pi' \ > ^ ' ^tureofSa= poi' t] ar(pt(Ti fxev evTrpocroocoTaTOV >]v, T019galassus. n ' ^^^ x ' ' ' o '

TToAejULioif oe ^^aAeTrwrar/y // irpocrjDacn^. Kai

Toy? yotef TO^OTng, ola Srj ouTe UKpi^wg coTrXicr/uLevov^ Kai

TT/OcoTOU? TreXdcrai'Tag, erpi^avTO ' ol Se 'Aypiave^ 6

efieivav. e'y'yi'9 yap tj^t] Kai t) (paXay^ toov Ma/ceOoi'toi/

Trpocrrjye Kai irpo avrrj^ ^AXe^avSpog ecpaivero. w? oe

ev -vepariv t] ixayj] eyevero, yvfxvoi re ol ^ap^apoi bvres

oirXiTai^ TrpoaecpepovTO Kai iravTi] KaraTiTpcoG-KOfxevoi

eiriTTTOv, evTavOa St] eyKXivovcri. Ka). aireOavov avTwv 7

eg TrevraKOcriovg. Kovipoi yap bvreg Kai e/HTreipoi twv

vcopicov ov p^aXeTTWS aTreywpovv ' Ka\ ol M.aKed6ve<;

Sia ^apvTtjra twv ottXwv Kai aireipiav tcov oowv ov

OappaXeoi e? to SiwKeiv Tjarav. 'AXe^avSpo? oe e-^o- g

fxevog TWV (pevyovTcov Trjv iroXiv avTwv aipei KaTa

KpoLTog. TLov Se ^vv avTip J^Xeavopog re o a-TpaTtjyog

TWV TOpOTWV airoQvfia-Kei km twv aXXwv a/ji(j)i tov^

e'lKOCTiv, 'AXe^avSpog §e ewl Tovg aXXoug Tlicrioag

//ye * Ka) to, /mev Tiva twv (ppovpiwv ^la e^eiXe, tu oe

ojuoXoyia irpoarjyayeTO.

^^VTevdev §e fiei eTrt ^pvylag Trapa T>yi/ Xlfxvtjvf] XXIX.

ovofxa ^AcTKavia, ev rj d'Xe? mjyvvvTai avTop.aToi, Kai

TovToig -^wvTai ol enri'^wpioi ovoe 6aXa(7<rt]s ti ctti

ANABA2I2 I, 29. 59

TouTw SeoPTQi KOI. (KpiKveLTUi eg KeXa/m? TrejuLTTTaioi.

ev oe raU ll^eXaivalg aKoa i]v iravTr] airoTOfio^,Surrender

^ ^ ^ ^ , ^ r

of Kai TavTt]v (pvXaK)] Karei-^ev ck tou craTpairov

T'/? <P|Oi"yia? KajOe? ^aei/ j^iXiot, iLWrjveg oe

fj.LcrQo(popoL eKaTOv. kui ovtol irpea^evovTai Trap 2

'AXe^auopou, eirayyeWoixevoi, el jur] aCpiKoiTO acpicri

BoijOeia ev ^ilJ-epa f]^vueKeiTO, (ppacravreg Ti)v }]fj.epav,

OTi TrapaScocrovcri to -^uipiov. koL e^oPe Tavra 'AXeP-

duSpw (jo(peXijui.ooTepa 5/ TroXiop.celv airopov iravTt]

Trpocrcpepea-Oai Ttju aKpav. irpog fxev Si] raig KeAat- 3

I'aig (pjXaKtjv KaTaXenrei (TTpaTiooTag eg -yCXiovg /cat

wevTaKocrlovg. fxelvag oe avrov ^/uepag oeKa koi

(TaTpdirrju dTTOoe'ipug ^puyiag 'A.i'Tiyoi/ov top ^iXitt-

TTOV, eTTt oe Tovg uvixfjid'^ovg dvT eKecvov aTpaTi]yov

l^aXaKpov Tov 'A/jlvvtov eiriTa^ag, avTog eiri TopSlou

eaTeXXeTO. kui liapixevLwvi eirea-TeiXev, dyovTa a/na

ol Trjv SvvafjLiv eKelue cnravTciv ' koi cnnjVTa PvvJunction - 5 ' n ' ^ , / ^^ ' awith Tn ovva/j-ei llapfxeuiwv. Kai oi veoya/J-OL oe oi 4

ctt) Ma/ceoov/a? CTToXevTeg elg YopSiou tjkov

Kai pvv avToig aXXt] uTpaTLu. KaToXeyQelcra, j/V ^ye

WToXejialog re 6 ^eXevKOv kcu Kotw? o TVoXeixoKpd-

Tovg KCU MeXeayoo? 6 NeoxToXeyUou, '7re'Co\ fxeu Ma/ce-

ooveg Tpig-^iXioi l-mrelg <5e h TpiaKocrlovg kui OecrcraXcov

iTTTreig SiaKocrioi, 'JiXeuou §e maTOV koi 'jrevTi]K0VTa, wv

rjyeLTO 'AXKiag 6 'HXeiog.

To ^e VopSiov ecTTc fxev Trjg ^pvyiag Trjg e(p' 'EXXj?- 5

(TTTOVTOV, KeiTai Se eTrJ too ^ayyapio) Trora/Uw • tov oe

^ayyapiov at fxev 7rt]yai e/c ^pvyiag elcrlv ' avTog oe

Sia Ttjg OpoiKoov tcov BiOvvwu ^((jopas ePlt](Tii' eis tov

60 AAE;e7ANAP0Y

rju^eivov TTOVTOv. evravOa koi ^A.Or]vaioov Trpe<r^ela Trap*

'AXepavSpov ad)iKeTO, Seoaevoi ^AXepdvSoovAlexander , . , , , , ,, , %before achelvuL <j(bi(jL Tovg m-v/uLoXdoTov^ o'l €7r\ Vpa-Qordium: ' ^ -'^j^jAn r v

viKw TTOTa/xo) e\ij<p9r](Tav ' A.ut]vai(iov PvcrrpaT-

evojuevoi Tocg TLepcrais koi rore ev M.aKe§ovia Pvv Toh

Sia")(^i\[oLg SeSefxevoi ?]aav' koi inrep avTwv airpaKTOi 6ev TO) Tore a-irrjKBov. ov yap eSoKei aa-cpaXh etvai

'AXe^dvSpip en crvvecrTcoTog tov ttoo? top Ylepa-}]v

TToXe/uLov dvelval tl tov (po^ov Tolq "^Wt]<jiv ocroi

evavTia t>/ 'EXAcic^t (TTpaTevea-Qai vrrep twv ^apBdpoov

ovK aTrrj^maav' aXX' diroKptveTai, e-TreiSdv to. irapovTa

KaXwg yev>]Tai, TOTe iJKeiv virep twv avTiov Trpea-^euofxi-

vovs

BIBAION AEYTEPON.

I.

—

Persian operations in the jEgcan (1-2).

'E/c oe TOVTOV ^eiJLVwv tov re vavTiKov Trai'TO? tjye- I.

ixwv e'/c ^acriXecog Aapeiov Ka6eaTt]K(jog Kal tw TrapaXiov

^v/uL7racrr]g, wg e? MaKeSovlav re koi tvjv 'EX-Memnon's . , « , ,

,, ,. ^

,

,

attack on Aaoa a7ro(TTpe\j/cov tov TroAejULOv, J^lov iulcv

\ajUL(3avei irpooocrla evSoOeicrav • evOev Se eTTi

Aecr^ou TrXeJcra?, ws ov irpoaeiyov avTw 01 ^iTvXtjvaioi,

Tag aXXap TroXei? r^? Aecr/3ou irpocrrjyayeTO. TavTas 2

Se irapacTTrjcrdixevoi; Ka\ ttpoa-a-^wv Tt] M.iTvX)]vr] r^j/

fxev TToXiv -^apaKi onrXfp e/c OaXaTTtjg e? OaXaTTav

direTe'f^ia-e, a-TpaTOireSa §e irevTe eTroiKoSofJDja-dfJLevos

Ttjg yrjs cKpaTei ov j^aXeiru)?. /cat [xepog jxev Ti Twv

pecou TOV Xijj.eva aOrwi/ e(pvXa(T(T€, Tctj Se eVJ Tt]v

ANABASIS II, 1. 61

OLKoav T»J? AeVjSou to ^lypiov, "iva t] Trpocr^oX)] fxa-

\i(TTa ecTTi rah cnro re X/oi' koi YepaicrTOV kqi

MaXea? oXkolo-iu, cnrocrreLXag tov Trapaifkovv ev

(pvXaKr] et-^ei', cog jul-)} Tiva wcpeXeiav Kara OoXarrav

ylyveadat Tolg ^liTvXtjuaioig. Kai ev tovtw ?Hisdeath. '/, , , . ^ , „ "^^

avTog ixev vocrw TeAeura, Kai eiTrep n aAAo

KOI TOVTO ev TU) TOTe e^Xay^^e tu ^acriXewg irpay-

fiara. A.VTod>paSaTr]g Se koi ^apva^a^og 6 ^A^pTU-

/Sd^ov, OTIC Kcti CTrerpey^e reXevTcov 6 ^lejuvcov Trjv avrov

o.p-^]v ecrre Aapeiov ti virep avryj^ yvwvai, aveXcpiow

avTOV ovTi, ouTOL Trj TToXiopKia ovK appu)(TT0)9 TTpocre-

Keivro. KciL ol ISlLnvXrivaloi Trjg re y>J9 elpyojxevoi Kai a

airo 6aXaTTr]g TroXXaig vavcriv e(popixov(raig (ppovpov-

fjLevoi 7re/i\|/ai/Te9 irapd tov ^apva(3a^ov ofxo-

surrenders ^^'y/a? eTron'icravTO, Tovg fxev ^evovg rovg Trap

'AXe^avSpou crcplcri Kara crvix[xayj.av {jKovrag

aTreXOeiv, MiTuX //va/ou? oe KuOeXeiv /nev raf

TTjOO? 'A-Xe^avSpov crcbicn yevo/nevag crTyXag,

Pvixfj-dyovi oe eivai Aapeiov Kara t>]V eipyvrjv Ttjv eir

'A-vtoXkiSov yevofxevriv irpog ^acriXea Aapeiov, Tovg

(bvyaoag oe avTcov Kanevai eir'i Toig rifxicreai tu)v totc

ovTcov OT€ €(pvyov. 67ri TOVTOig fxev or] rj ^vfxpacrig c

To'iq ^lLTvXt]vaioi<i TTpog Touf Tiepuag ^vve/Sr]. ^apva-

j3a'(^og Se /cat AvTO(ppaSaTt]g, wg TraprjXOov aira^ e'lcrco riyy

TToXeo)?, (ppovpav re eg ovTtjv eicnjyayov Kai (ppovpapyov

eir avTii A.VKOiuySt]v 'IPoSiov, Ka) Tvpavvov eyKaT€aTf]<rav

Ttj TToXei Aioyevtjv, eva toov (pvydSicv ' ^?//xaTa re

eia-eirpapav Tovg ^liTvXrjvaiovg ra ixev /3ia a<peXo-

fxevoi Tovg e-^ovrag, to. Se ep to koivov eiri^aXovTe^,

to his

successorPharna='bazus.

62 AAESANAPOY

TavTa §e SiaTrpa^ajULevoi ^apvd^aTog fxev eirXei II.

eTrJ Au/c/a? aywv tov<s fxicrOocpopov^ • A^vTOCppaSdrrj^

The ^^ ^""^ "^"^ aXXa? vrjcrovs. Kai ev rovrto Kara-

ca'tm-e*TreyUTTei Aapeio? Ou/xoovSau tov Me^rooo?,

Tenedos;cty-j-oj/ ^ev Tot)? ^eVou? TrajOa ^appa/Sai^ov

iraprtXtj^oixevov kou dvaPovTa irapa /BacriXea, ^apva-

(^aOp Se epovvTU ap-^eiv ocrcov ^Icjuivcav VpX^* ''•'^' ^

TrapaSoug tovtu) Tovg ^evovg ^apvd^a^og eirXei irap^

AvTocppa^oLTt^v eTTi Ta<s uavg. w? ^e ofxou eyevovTO,

ScKU fJLev vaCg CTTeXXovcriv exi Tag Ku/cXa^a? vi'jcrovg

AaTafJLrjv avSpa Ylepcrijv ayovTa, avToi Se vavrnv

CKUTOv e-jri TeveSou eTrXevaav • KaTaKOjumrOei'Teg Se

Trig TeveSov €ig tov Bopeiov KoXovjULevou Xijueva Trefx-

TTovcri irapa Tovg leveoiovg Kai KeXevovcri Tag (JTr]Xag

Tag irpog 'AXe^apopov Ka\ Tovg "cjXXtjvag yevofxeuag

(TCpicri, TavTag [xev KaOeXeiv, irpog Aapeiov Se ayeiv

Ti']v eipr]vi]v ijv e7r/ 'A^VTaXKiSov Aapeio) crvveOevTO.

TeueSioig Se to. fxev Trjg evvolag eg 'AXe^avSpov re 3

KOI TOvg "^XXfjvag CTroiei fX(xXXov ' iu Se tw irapovTi

airopov aXXcog eSoKCi oti /xlj irporr-^wpricravTag Tolg

Y\ep(Taig crcoi'ea'Sai " eirei ovoe HyeXo^w, oTcp irpocre-

TeTUKTO VTT 'AXc^avopov avQig ^vvayayelv ^vva/xiv

vavTiKi]v, Toa-avTt] ^ui'tiy/uLen] t}v wg oi oXiyov irpocr-

SoKUp ecrecrOai av a(picri irap avTov Tiva wcpeXeiav.

ouTCi) jULev 07] OL dfxipi ^apva^aYov Tovg xeveSlovg

(ho^u) fxaXXov t] eOeXovTug irapecTTrjcravTO.

'Ej/ ^e TovTip llpcoTeag 6 'A.p§pouLKOV eTvy^ave 4

fxev ^I'va'va'ya)!/ e^ Eu/So/a? re Kai WeXoiroviiy'ia-ov

vavg ixaKpag vtto ^AvTiiraTpov TeTayixevog, wg elvai

ANABASIS II, 3. 63

Tiva Tah T€ vr](T0i9 (puXaKijv koi avrij Tij EiXXaoi, et, ku-

OoiTrep iprjyyeWero, eTrnrXeoiev ol ^ap^apoi'

defeated TrvOojULCvog Se AaTOLfji.rji' 7rep\ ^i<pvov op/xeivina8ea=

, -, \ ,f rn ^

fight off de/ca vavaiv, avrog e-^^wv irevreKaideKa vvkto^SiphnOS. 1 r 1 \ "V" ^'\^ - '^ "T?''

avayexai airo Ji.aAKioos t>]S ctti tu) HivptTrui

KOI TTjOocrcr^wj/ ecoOev J^vOpm rt] v^aru> Tf]V jxev rjjj.epav 5

avTOV avXiCerai, co? cracpea-repov re SiaTTvOeaOai ra irepi

Toov SeKa vewv kou dixa ev vvktl (po/Bepwrepov irpocnrecrelv

TOi? ^OLViPiu • a»? ^e efxaOe cracpoog tov AaTajurjv ^vv

Tai9 vau(jh ev 2/d)V6t) opjuovvra, exfTrXeJcra? ert puk-

TO? VTT avTt]i' Tiju eft) Koi aTTpotrooK^TOi? eirnrecrcov

o/CTO) /iiev i'av<; avroig avSpacriv eAape * Aara/x;/? oe

jULexa Svoiv Tpirjpolv ev T>; irpwT}] Trpoa-fxt^ei twv cifxa

YlpcoTea vewv uTreKCpuyoov aTrea-coOt] Trpog to aX\o

II.

—

Alexander's movements in Central and South-East

Asia Minor (ch. 4—5), in Northern Asia Minor

(6-12), in So2ith Syria, as far as Gaza

(13-27).

'AXe^avSpo? Se ft)9 eg VopSiov TrapyjXOe, TroOog HIXaix^avei avrov aveXOovra eg Tf]v cifcpav, 'iva Kai ra

(iaa-lXeia ^v tu YopSiov Ka] tov 'Traioog avTOV

Continuao^yj/^^^^ ^^j^ djua^av iSeiV TOV TopSiOV KOC TOV

narrative, y^yov Ttjg diui.apr]g TOV SecTfxov. \oyog oe irepi 2

at Gor= -j-^j afxdptjg eKeiv}]g irapa T019 irpoa-^wpoig

TToXvg KaTeiye, YopSiov elvai twv TraXai <P^u-

ycSv avSpa TrevrjTa koi oXiyrjv eivai avTip yrjv epyai^ea-uai

KOI ^evyr] jSocov Sua' /cat tw /xev apoTpidv, tw oe afxa-

64 AAESANAPOY

^eveiv Tov YopSiov. Kot irore apovvTog avrov eTrcTTTrjvai 3

exl TOV ^uyou aerou KOi eTrifxeh'ai 'icTTe €ir\ ^ovXvtov

KaOij/ULevov TOV oe eicifkayevTa t// o^ei levai KOivtocrovTa

virep TOV Oelov irapa tou^ TeA/xtcrcrea? tov^ /navTeig'

elvai yap Tovg TeX^ttcrcrea? a-ocpoug Ta Oeia e^i^yeicrOai

Kal cTCpKTiv airo yevovg SeSocrOai avTOig Koi yvvai^l koI

iraicrl Tr]v fxavTeiav. TrpocrdyovTa Se Kdofxr] tivI tcov 4

TeXfxicrcreoov evTvyelv irapOevu) vSpeuofxevi] Koi Trpog

TauTrjv eiTTSiv ottoo^ ol to tov clctov ecry^e' Tt]V Se,

elvai yap Kai avTtjv tov fxavTiKOV yevovs, dveiv

KeXevcrai rw Ait T(p (BacriXei, eiraveXOovTa eis TOV

TOTTOV avTOV. /ctti Set]6>]vai yap avTfji YopSiov,

Trjv Ovcriav ^vveTTKTTrofievtjv ol avTtjv e^tjyijcraa-Oai,

Ovaal T€ OTTO)? eKeivrj vTreTiOcTO tov Yopoiov koi

^vyyevecrOai cttI ydfxo) Tf] TraiSl koi yevecrOai avToiv

TraiSa ^liSav ovofia. r/St] re uvSpa etvai tov ^liSav 5

KaXov Kai yevvacov Kai ev tovtw crTaaei TieCeo'Oai

€v (rcbia-L Tovg ^pvyag, Kai yevecrOai avToig y^prjcriJ.ov

OTi d/iia^a a^ei avToIs ^aaiXea koi oti ovto9 auTOig

KaTaTravaei t>]v crTaariv. eTi Se irepi avToov tovtwv

^ovXevofxevoig eXOeiv tov M/<5av ojulov tw iruTpl koi

Tt] fJLtjTpi Kai eiricTTrivai tjj eKKXtjcria avTn dfj-apri.

Tov<i Se, ^vfx/SaXovTas to /aavTeiov tovtov ckcIvov 6

yvwvai ovTa ovTiva 6 6eog avToIs ichpa'i^ev oti a^ei

>) d/j-a^a' Kai KaTacrTtjcrai juev avTOvg (BacriXea tov

^liSav, M/(5aj/ Se avToh Ttjv (jTaa-iv KaTairavcrai^

Kai Trjv (Ifxa^av tov TraTpog ev th aKpa avaOeivat

yapicTTijpia Tip A« Tw ^acriXei eiri tov aeTOv t^

TTO/XTTiJ. irpog Se St] TOVTOig KOI ToSe irep\ tJ/? d/md^rji

ANABASIS II, 4. 65

e/uLvOevero, 0(tti? Xvcreie tov X}>'yov rtj? ajma^t]? rov

Searfxou, TOVTOV -^tjvac ap^ai rn? ^^crla^. iju oe 6 7

SecrfMog eK cbXoiov Kpaveia^; kul tovtov oure reXo?

ouTe cipvr] echalvero. 'AXe^auSpog §e co? airopwg fxev

ei-veu epevpdv Xvcriv rod Sea-fJiou, akvTOv oe irepaoelv

ovK //0eAe, fj./]Tiva kol tovto e? Tov<i ttoWovs kivi]-

criv epydcrtjrai, oi [xev Xeyovcriu on Traia-ag rw ^LCpeL

§ieKoy\/-e rov Secrfxov koi XeXvcrOai eipr] • ^Apiaro/^ovXos

Se Xeyei e^ekovra tov earropa rov pvfxoO, b? »}v TfXoy

()\a/3e/3A///xeVo9 Sia rov pvfxov Siafxira^, ^vve-^oov tov

Sea-fjiov, e^eXKua-ai e^o) tov pvfxov top (^vyov. ottoj? g

/j.'ev Sr] eirpayOt] to. ajucpl tw Sea-fxco tovtw 'AXe^av-

Sp(p OVK eyw la-^plcraa-Bai. airijWayrj o ovv airo

Tt]<; a/uLaPtj^ avTog re Koi ol a/mcp avrov co? tov

Xoyiov TOV e7r< Ttj Xvcrei tov Searjaov ^i//x/3ej8///coT09.

KOI yap KUi rm vvkto? eKelvrjg ^povTui re Kat creAa?

€p ovpavov eirecn'jiJ.tivav ' Kai eiri tovtoi? eOve t>/

vaTepaia 'AXe^avSpog TOt? (p/jvaai Oeoig tu re (Dj^ela

Koi TOV oecTjULOv Ttjv Xvcriv.

AuTOi' Se T}] vcTTepaia eir ^AyKvpm t»79 TaXaTiKri<i jy^

€<TTeXXeTO • KUKel avTw Trpea-jSeia ucpiKveiTai IlacpXa-

y6vo)v, TO re eOvog evSiSovTwv kui eg o/uoXo-March

' >- O ' , ^^ ^ / ^^ ^through yiav ^vfxpaivoi'TOOV ' eg oe Ti]V ywpav ^vv Ttj

Qalatia „ , < ' /O ^ - '?' ' ' ^'and Cap- duvafxei firj ecrpaXeiv edeovTO. TOVTOig fJ-ev dt] 2padocia. , < \ x '>- ? ' ' T^ '^

Trpoa-Taa-crei AXet^avopog viraKOveiv J\aAa tw

a-aTpaTTt] T^jg ^puyiag. avrog Se eir] KaTTTrado/c/a?

eXda-ag ^vfXTraa-av t>]v evTog "AXvog TroTafxov irpocrriya-

yeTO KOL €Ti virep tov "AXi'i' iroXX^jv • /caTatrTJ/cra? oe

J^aTTTraSoKccv Ha^iKTUV (raTpdirrjv avTog iroorjyev eiri

£

66 aae;e;anapoy

Ta? TTuXag ra^ KtXma?. koi a(piK6/ui.evog ctt] to KJoou 3

Tov ^uv fL,evo(pU)VTi aTparoTreSov, cos KaTeyofievai^ ra?

wvXas (pvXaKUig icr-^upah elSe, Tlapjuevioova fxeu

avTOv KaToXenrei cvv Taig Ta^eari twv ireCHi'V ocroi

^apvTepov ooTrXiCTjULivoi rjcrav • avrog Se a/uipl irpoirriv

(pvXaKtjv avaXa^wv tov? re viracnrKJTa? Kai tov?

TO^OTU? KUi Tovg 'A.ypiu.va<i Trpotjye Ttj? vvKTog eirl

ra? TTvXa?, ws ov TrpoaSe-^ofxevoL? toI? (pvXa^iv eirnre-

creiu. Kai irpoaaydov fxev ovk eXaOeu, e? 'laov Se 4

avTO) KaTecTT)] tj toXjulq. oi yap cpvXaKe? aicrOofxevoi

'AXe^avopov avTov TrpocrayovTa Xittoi^tc? Trju (pvXa-

Ktjv wyovTO (pevyovTe?. t^ Se vcTTepala ajma T?} eco

^vv T>7 ovi/a/uL€i iracnj vTrep/SaXoov ra? Tri'Xa? kutc-

jiaivev e? Ttjv J^iXiKiav. koi evTovBa ayyeXXcTai 5

avTU) 'A.p(raiuLi]9 oti irpoaBev fxev eirevoei Siaa-w^eiv

Ylepaaig Tf]v Tapaou, co? Se VTrep^efSXtjKOTa ijSi] tcis

TTvXas CTTvOeTO 'AXe^avSpov eKXiireiv ev vw ej(eiv t>]V

ttoXlv ' SeSievaL ovv tov? Tapcrea? fxr] ed)' ap7ray>)v

Tpairei? ovtco Ttju airoXeiyp^iv r*/? Tapcrov TroirjcrfjTai.

TavTa aKOvcra? Spojucp ijyev eirl tijv Tapcrov tov? re 6

iTTTrea? Kai tcov y^iXcov ocroi KOvcboTaToi, cocrre 6

'Apa-a/mr]? juaOcov avTOV Trjv opjurjv cnrovStj (pevyei e/c Ttjs

lapcrov Trapa ^acriXea Aapeiov ovSev /3Xa\|/a9 Tt]v ttoXcv.

'AXe^avSpog Se, ws fiev 'A.pi(TTO^ovX(p XeXeKTai, vtto 7

KafxaTOV evoQ-tjcrev ' 01 Se etg tov J\.vSvov iroTa/xov Xe-

Alexan=i 'yofCTi pty^avTa vij^aaOai, eTnOv/nycravTa tov

nessatvoaTO?, idpwvTa Kai KavfxaTi e-^ofxevov. o oe

Tarsus; K^vSvog pel Sio. fjiecrrjg ri/f iroXecog ' ola Se ck

TOV lavpov 6pov9 Twt' TTtjycov oi avLa-^ovawv kuI Sia

ANABASIS II, 5. 67

ywpov KaOapov peo)V, y^v^o? re ecrrt koi to vocop KuOa-

p6<s ' cnracr/HM re ovv eyecrQai 'AXe^ai^Spov koi Oepfxai^ 8

la-yvpaig koi aypvirvia ^vve-^ei. Kai Tovg /mev aXXovg

laTpovg ovK o'leaOai elvai jSicocri/mov ' ^iXnrTrov oe

'A.Kapva.va, larpov, ^vvovtu 'AXe^avSpo) koi ra re

aixctn iaTpcKt]V e? Ta fxdXia-ra Triarrevo/J.evoi' kui ra

aXka OVK aSoKifiou ev tw crTpaTU) ovTa, KaOrjpac

eOeXeiu 'AXiPavSpov (papfiaKcp ' kui tov KeKeveiv

KaOtjpai. TOV fxev St] irapaa-KevaCeiv rrjv kvXiku '

g

ev TOVTO) oe 'AXe^avopw ooOtjvai cTncrToXijv irapa

TlapiuLevLcovo? (pvXa^aadai ^cXittttov ' aKoveiv yup

SiecbOdpOai VTTO Aapeiou yjpi]ixa(nv wcrre cpapfxaKCp

diroKTeivai ^AXe^avSpov. tov Se, avwyvovTa Trjv

eTTLarToXrjv Koi eTi jueTa -^^eipa? eyovTU avrov jxev

Xa^eiv Trjv KvXiKa ev ^ >jv to (papfxaKOV Tt]v extcrro-

Xr]V Se T(t) ^iXiTTTrii) Sovvai dvayvoovai. kuI ojuou i q

TOV Te 'A-Xe^avSpov Triveiv koi tov ^[Xnnrov ava-

yivw(TK€iv Tu Trapa tov Tlapjuevlwvog. ^iXtirTrov Se

evOvi ev§t]Xov yevecrOai otl kuXw? oi e'y^et Ta tov

(bapixuKOV • ov yap eKTrXaytjvai irpo^ Ttjv CTTiaToXyv,

uXXd Toaovoe [xovov irapaKoXecraL 'AXe^avopov, kuI

e? TO, aXAa ol TreiOecrOai baa eirayyeXXoiTO ' crooui]-

aecrOai yap TreiOofxevov. Kal tov fxev KaOapOtjvai i j

his re='''^ "-^^^ paicrai avTU) to voo-rj/ma ' ^iXnrTro) oe

covery.eTTiSei^ai otl TricrTO^ ecTTiv avTw cpiXo^ Kat

T019 aXXoif Se Toig d/ixcp' avTov oti avTOis Te T019

<piXoig /3e^aio'i e/V to dvuiroTTTOv Tvy^aveL cov Kai irpog

TO airoOaveiv eppoci/uevo?.

'EiK Se TovTov riapjULevlcova fxev irefxirei eiri ra? V.

68 AAESANAPOY

aXXag TrvXa?, m Srj 6plTov(Ti t^v J^ikiKoov re Kai Acrcrv-

picou ywoav, TrpoKaraXaBeiv kui cbuXaa-creivParmenio ^, // C^ ^ -^ -^ y '

sent to Tnv Trapooov, oou^ avrco tcov re yv^fxa-vwv''*'"'**'^

^ {. , , ,,,j.' . nA.'

Syrian Tou? TreZov; Kai TOL'9 hiAArjva? Tovg fxiauocpo-Passes.

, ^ Q - 1^ ^ '\ ' -pov? Kai Tou? ppaKa<i, cov Zi iraAKrjg tjyeiTO,

KOI TOi)? iTTTTea? Se Toi'9 OeTToXovs. auTog oe vcrTcpo^ 2

a.pa? €K TaptTOv rr] fxeu 7rpu)T>] ei? 'A.y^iaXov iroXiv

acpiKi'eiTai. TavTi]v 5e ^ap^avairctkov KTicrai tou

'A.cr(rvpiov Xoyo? ' Ka\ tm irepi/SoXcp §e Ka) Toig Oe/ixe-

Xioig Twv Teij^wu S/jXi] €(ttI jueyaXt] re ttoXis KTia-Qelcra

Kai eTTi fxeya eXOovcra Swajaecog. Kai to firtjiua rov 3

^ap^avairaXov e^'vi'? ijv tmv Tciwii^v twuAlexander

, .^ ,. ^ ' ^ ' . > ^ , , -

at the J\yviaAou ' Kai avTO? e(hei<TTi)Kei eir avT(p

Sardana= ^apSavoLTTaXo? (TvjuL^e^X)]Km ra? -^eipag aXX?/-

Xaig o)? jmaXicTTa e? KpoTov a-vju/SaXXovTai,

Kai eTriypafj-fxa eireyeypaiTTO avrco Jxcrcrupia ypafx-

fiUTa ' oi fxeu 'A.<T(Tvpioi kuI jueTpou €<pacrKOV eireivai 4

Tw eTTiypdfXfxaTi, 6 §e vov? i)v avTco ov ecppa'^e ra

eTTij, OTi ^apSavdiraXoi} 6 ^A^vaKUvoapa^ov irah

'A^y^iaXov Kai Tapaov ev ^/mepn fxia eoeifxaTO.

cru Se, CO ^€ve, eaOie Kai irlve Kai iraiX^e, a»9

TaXXa Ta duOpwiriva ouk ovTa tovtov a^ia'

Tov ^6(bov aivicrcrofxevo? bvirep al ^eipe? eiri tm KpoT'p

TTOiovcri ' Kai ro irai^e paSioupyorepoi/ eyyeypacjiOai

€(pa(Tau Toj 'A.cr(TvpiM opOjuaTi.

'E/c Se T>/? 'A.yy^idXou eg ^oXoug d<piK€TO ' koI5

(bpovpav eai'fyayev eg 2oAof? Kai eTre/SaXev auTOcg

ToXaura dpyuptou SiaKOcria "Qj/j-'iav, on -wpog Toug

Tiepcrag juaXXov ti tov vovv ei'^ou. evQev oe ava- 5

ANABA2I2 11, 6. 69

Xa/Sm' Tcov jULev ire^wu toov ^laKeoouwv Tpe1<; Tu^eig,

Toi)? TOpoTai; Se Traura? koc tou? 'A.ypiavagCapture of ,,,,,,, , ^.

,

Soli and epeAavvei e-TTi Tovg ra op>] KaTexovTai; JVzA</ca?.

Mallus. ^,, , , , ; , , , ,

KUL €v cTTTa Tui? Traarai<; r]iJiepai<i tou? jj-cv

^la ePeXm', tov^ Se ojuoXoyia Trapaa-Tijcrajii.ei'og eira-

vrjKcv e? Tou? 2oXoi'9. Kai evTavOa jxavOavei xItoXc- j

fxalov Koi A.aai'Spoi' oTi eKpaTrjirav 'Opovro(3aTOV tov

Tlepcrov, o? ryv re uKpav r^f AXiKapvacra-ov e(pv-

Xacra-e koi ^IwSov koi J^avi/ou Koi. Qijpap koi KaXXi-

iroXiv Karel-^e ' irpo^rjKTO ^e koi Kw koi Tpioinov. tov-

Tov r]TTrj(jQai eypacbov tJ-O-YJj McyaX?; • Kai airoQavelv fxev

TMv ajULCp^ avTOv Tre^oi)? e? eiTTaKocrlov^ kou iTnreag e? ttcv-

Tt'jKOvra, aXiovai Se ovk eXdrTOug twv -^^iXioov. 'AXe^- 8

apSpog Se €v '^joXoi^ Ovcra? re tco 'Acr/cX^Trfft) Kai

TrojULirevcra^ avro? Te koi rj arTparia iracra kou Xafxiraoa

eiTLTeXecra^ kou ayuiva oiaQeiis yvjULviKOu Kai juouctikou

^oXevcri /uev StjjULOKpaTeicrOai eSooKeu ' avTw^ §e ava-

X^evpai; eig lapcroi' tou^ julcu 'nrirea^ UTrecTTeiXe ^iXcoto.

Sou<i ayeiu Sia tov 'AXtjiov TreSiou eTrJ tov TroTajULov

TOV Tlvpafxov • avTO^ Se crvv Toig ire^oi^ koi T{] 'iXu t// 9

jBaa-iXiKi] 69 Mayapcrov }JKe koi t^ 'A.Otji'n ti] MayapcriSi

eOvcrev. evTevOev Se e? MaXXov a(piK€T0 Kai 'A.ju(pi-

Xo^o) ocra }'jp(i}i evtjyia-e ' koI (TTaa-iaYovraii KaTaXapoov

Tt}u cTTacriv avTOi^ KUTeiravcre ' Kai Toug (popov? oug

l^acriXei Aapeuc aireipepov avrjKW, oTi ^A-pyeicov fiev

MaXXcoTtti airoiKOL tjcrav, avTog Se air' "Apyovg TtJov

xipaKXeiScov elvai }}^iov.

"EiTi Se ev MaXXcD ovTi avTui ayyeXXcTai Aapeiov VI.

eu 2(o^oi? ^vv Ti] iracrr} Swa/mei crTpaTOTreoeveii'. 6

70 AAE/E7ANAP0Y

oe "^^Mpo? ouTO(; e<TTi fxev t»}? 'A.crcrvpiag 'yJ/9, aire-^ei

be TCOV TTvXwV TCOV ^A<T(TUpL(jOV 6? QUO fiaXirTTaAlexander n\ v/^(n\v i \ t r

encamps (TTau/JLOv^. evua at] Pvi'ayaywv tov^ eTaipov^before

, „ , ,^ A ' ' ' AlVlyrian= (ppaCei avToig Tu epijyyeAfxei'a virep Hapeiovdrus. , ^ - - A ' ' ?'

T€ Kai Tt]^ (TTpaTiag T>]g l\apeiou. oi oe

avToBev o)? elyev ayeiv eKeXevov. 6 oe totc fxev ex- 2

aivecra9 avrovg SieXvcre tov ^uWoyov ' tj; Se vcrTepala

Trpotjyev co? ctt) Aapecov re koi tou? Ylepcra^. Seure-

paios oe VTreppaXuiv Ta? TrcAa? ecrTpaTOTreoevcre ttoo?

ISlvpiavopo) TToXei ' koi Trjg vvkto9 "^^eifxiou eTriyiyverai

crKXr]po9 Kat vocop re e^ ovpavov Kai irvev/j-a ^laiov '

TovTO KUTea-^ev ev tw crTpaTOTreou) 'AXe^avSpov.

Aapeiog oe Tew? fxev ^vv ti] (TTpaTia Sierpi^ev, 3

eiriXe^ajuLeuog Ttjg 'A.crcrupia's yijg ireSiou TravTi] ava-

'TreTTTa/ui.ei'OV kui tw re irX/jOei t>79 crrjoaria? eTrt-Darius,

^ ,', ^ ^^

'^

againstthe T}'io€iov Kui eviTrTracTacrOai t?} 'nrirco Pv/iicbopoi'.advice of

, ^ , ' y O '\ ' V - ^

Amyntas, KUl TOVTO TO "^COpiOV i^VVepovXeV(r€V aVTft) fMt]

marches .>./ ,A' '.A ' ' »

to meet aTTOAenreiv JxfxvvTa^ o Avtio-^ov, o Trap

'AXe^avopov avTOjuoXog ' eivai yap Tt]v evpv-

"^coplav Trpog tov 7rX?/0ou9 re ku] Ttjg crKev>]g twv Tiepcruiv.

KCti efxeve Aapelo?. w? ^e ^AXe^avSpo) ttoXXj] fxev ev 4

lapcrw Tpi/3r] ein. Trj voctm eylyveTO, ovk oXlyt] Se ev

2oAoi9, "iva eQve re kui eTrojUTreve, Kai eirl tov^ opeivovg

K/Xt/ca9 SieTpiyp^ev e^eXacrag, tovto ecr<pt]Xe Aapeiov

Trjq yvo)fxt](; • kou auro? re o t'l irep {/oicttov tjv So^acr-

Oev, e9 TOVTO ovk aKOVcrlcog vinj'^Otj Kai viro tmv KaO

t]Sovi]v ^vvovTwv re koi ^vveaofxevcov ex/ KaKw T019

a.e\ ^acriXevovaiv eTraipo/xevo? eyvoo /mrjKeTi 'AXe^av-

vpov eOeXeiv irpo'iivai tov irpocrco ' aX\' OKveiv yap e

Plan of the

BATTLE OF ISSUSOlympic Stadia

5°

English Miles

Walkt-r^euLkcrclU

ANABASIS II, 7. 71

TTvi'Oai'Ofxei/op on avro? irporrayoi • Kara'Trari'icreiv re

T>; '/tttto) to)v ^laKeoovwv t>]u cnpariav liXXog aXXoOev

avrip eiraipovTe^ eXeyov ' ku'ltol ye 'Ajuvura? j'jPeiv 6

T€ 'AXe^avSpou la-^vpi^ero oirov uv irvO^irai Aapeiov

oi'Tci, Kai avTOV irpoa-fxeveiv eKeXevev. aXXd to. Ye/iOft>

fj.aXXov, on kui ei> tu) irapavTiKa t'jSio) UKOvcrai >)^, eireiOe •

Kai TL Kai daijjLoviov tv^ou tjyev avTou ei^ eKeivou tou

^u>pov ov ya?/T6 e/c ri/? 'iTrTrou 7roXX>; codyeXeia avrw

eyevero, fxr'jTe e/c rev 7rX/i6oug avrov tmv re avOpwirwv

KUi TCOV aKOVTMV TC KOI T0^€VfXCXTOiV ,/HrjS'e Ti]V XufXTTp-

onjra avmv rrjg arpana^ eTriSet^ai }]8vvi'jQ>], aXXa

'AXe^avSpo) re kol rolg a/ucp' avrov evfxapu)? rrju vik)]v

irapeScoKeu. e-^ptjp yap t/Stj koc Hepcra^ Trpog Ma/ce- y

SovMu cKpaipeOtjiai Ttjg 'Ao-Za? t»V OLp-^Z/u, KaOdirep ovv

MrjdOL fiev irpo? YVepcrCnv ucpi]peQi}<Tav, irpo^ ]VL;(^wj/ ^t]

en e/JLTTpocrQev 'A(Tcrvpioi.

III.

—

Battle of Issus (7-17).

iTrep/SaXiov St] to opo9 Aapeio? ro Kara rag Tri'Aa? VII.

Tag 'AfxaviKa^ KaXov/nevag co? cttJ 'Icrcrov -Trpotjye ' koi

Darius at^yevero KaTOTTiv 'AXe^di'Spov XaOcou. t>]p Se

ssus.IcrcTov KaTarrywv, ocrovg Sid vocrov viroXeXei/x-

ixevovs avTov twv ^laKeSovwv KUTeXa^e, tovtov^ -^aXe-

TTcog aiKicra/uLevo? aTreKTeivev ' eg Se Tf]v vcrTepaiau irpov-

^ft)|Oei eiri rov TroTa/mov tov Wlvapov. kul WXe^avSpog 2

wg ijKOva-ev ev tco binaOev avTOv ovTa Aapeiov, eirei

ov irifTTog avTcp o Xoyog ecpaiveTO, dvafti/Sdcra? eis

TptaKovTopov Toov eraipcov nvag aTTOTrefXTrei o-k'lctoo ein

72 AAESANAPOY

'Icrcrov, KaTaa-Ke^i^oixevovi; ei tu oi^Ta e^ayyeWeTai.

ol Se ciuaTrXeucravTeg rt] rpiaKOVTopcp, oti koXttcoS)]'}

T]v rj TavTtj OaXaarcra, fxaXXov ti einrerw's KUTejiiaOov

avTou (TTpaToire^evovTa^ Tovq TUpcra^ ' Kai airayyeX-

Xovcriv 'AXe^avSpo) ev yepcriv etvai. Aapetov.

'O Se (TuyKaXecra^ a-Tpartjyov^ re kui iXap'^ag Kai twv^

PojUjULU'vcov Touif ^ye/xoj^a? nrapeKaXei Oappelv julcv e/c twv

tjSrj (rcbicri KaXu)g KeKivovvevfievcov Kui on irpo'sAlexander

, , •, \ , , - vaddresses veviKrjfxevov^ o ayu3v veviKTjKOcriv avT0i<5 earaihis troops.

^ ,r , /^ \ r < , -> - VKai OTI o ueos vrrep acpcov crrpaTtjyei ajmeivov,

€7n vovv Aapelw ayaytov KuOelp^ai Tt]v Swafxiv ck

Ttjg evpvyiepla^ e? to. crTevoiropa, 'iva cripicn fxev ^v/x-

/nerpov TO ^oopiov avaTTTv^ai Ttjv (paXayya, Toh oe

a-^eiov TO irXtjOog oti ecTTai th fJi-aX]], ouTe Ta aw-

IJLaTa ovTe Tag yi'w/ui.ag TrapairXija-ioig. Ma/ceooj'a? T€ a

yap Jlepcraig Koi M^rjSoig, e/c Travy ttoXXov Tpvcjicocriv,

avTOvg ev Toig irovoig Tolg iroXejunKoig TraXai >ja>]

jULCTo. Kii'Svvcov a(TKOv/j.evovg, aXXco? tg Kai oovXoig

avOpMTTOig eXeuOepovg, e? -^eipa? y^eiv ' ocroi re

"EXXz/t'e? "EXA/^cTii', ov-^ vTTep Twu avTCOv ixa-^eiaQai,

uXXa Tovg fxev Pvv AapeiM e-jr). fxicrOu) koi ovoe tovtm

ttoXXm KipSvvevovTag • Tovg oe ^vv (npicriv, virep

T>/9 'EXAa^09 eKOVTag afivvofxevovg • ^ap^apwv re au c

QpaKa? Ka\ Tlalovag Kai 'IXXvpiov? koi A^ypiavag

TOVg evpUXTTOTaTOVg Te TOOV KaTO. TtJU nivpMTTijv Kai

jua-vijULCoTaTOug Trpog Ta cnrovcoTaTa re Kai /naXaKooTaTa

T^9 'Acr/a? -yei'j; uvTiTaPecrOai ' e7r< ^e 'AXe^avopov

avTtcrTpaT>]yeiv Aapeio). TauTa fxev ovv eg irXeove^iav 5

Tov aywvog e7re^//ei. Ta ^e aOXa oti fxeyaXa ecTTai

ANABASIS II, 7. 73

(TCpicri Tov Kii'duvov eireoeiKvvev. ov y^f-P Tovg cra-

T/0«7ra? TOV? Aapetov ev tm Tore KpaTT/'](Teiv, ovoe Ti]V

"iTTTrov Tr]v eVi VpaviKW raj^delcrav, ov^e rovg Sktiulv-

nioug Pevovi; Toug juia-Oocpopov?, aWa ilepacov re 6

Tt Trep ocbeXoii Koi ^Ir'jSwu Koi ocra aWa eQvi] TlejO-

craL<i KOI Mj/^oi? v7r)]Koa eiroiKel tjjv 'A^criau Kai avTOV

fxeyav [iacriKia Trapovra, koi co? ovoev v7ro\€i(p6)'i-

(Teral crdncriv eirl TwSe rep aycovi on /uLrj Kparelv T//9

'A.(Tiag Pv/jLiracrrjis kul irepag toi? iroWoh Trovoig eiri-

Oelvai. eTTi tovtol? oe tcov re ei"? to koivov ^uv 7

XafXTrpoTtjTi tjSij Treirpayixevwv V7r€fj.ifj.v}j(TKe Kai ei

Si'i T(p iSlo. tl SiaTTpeTTeg 69 KaWo9 T€To\jui.t]juLevov,

ovo/Jia<TTi eKUCTTOV eiri Tea epyp avuKaXwp. Kai to

avTOu ovK uKivSuvov ev rac? /xa^at? to? cti'eTra^-

OecTTara eire^ijei. XeyeTai §e koi 'iEevocpcovTog koc twv 8

OLfia ^evocbwvTL juvpicou e? fxvi'uxrjv eXOeiv, 0)9 ovoev

Tt OUT6 KUTa TrXtjOo? OUT€ KUTU T}]V aX\7]V apiocKTiv

(T<pl(Tiv €7reoiKOT€g, ovoe iiTTreoov avToig TrapovTcov

QecrcraXwv, ovSe Boicotmv tj TLeXoTroi'i'tjcricov, ovSe

^laKeSovMU r] QpciKcov, ovo' ocrrj aWt] (T(pi(riv 'iTnrog

PvvTeTaKTai, ov^e to^otoou 5; acpevSovtjTwu, on /j.r]

K.p)]Twi' t] xoocwv oXiycov, Kai tovtcou ev tco kivouvw

VTTO '^evo(pu)VT09 avToa-^eSiacrOevTcov, ol Se ^acriXea gT€ ^uv iracru td Swafxei Trpo? Jia/SvXwvi avru erpe-

"yavTO Kai eOvi] ocra kutiovtcov et? tov Evpeivov

TTOVTOV KaO' oScv (TCptcTiv eireyevcTO viKcovres evriyX-

60V • ocra re aXArt ev tu) ToiwSe irpo twv kivSvvoov

eg 7rapa.K\t]fTiv avSpacriv ayaOoig e^ ayaOov ijye-

fxovog irapaivelcrOai eiKog. 01 Se aXXog aWoOev SePiov-

74 AAE/E^ANAPOY

jiievoi T€ Tov ^auikia kcu tm Xoyco eTralpoi'Teg ayeiv

tjo>] CKeXeuov.

O oe roTe juei/ SenrvoTroieicrOat 'TrapayyeWei • irpo- VIII.

xe/XTret oe (o? eiri Ta^ irvXag twv tc iirirewv oXcyov^ koi

Toov TOpoTUiv 7rpoKaTatTKe\L-ou.6vov9 Tm' oSovMacedo-

, , , ^ , ^ ^ ^ ,

nian order TfJV OTTICTCO ' KUl OUTO'S Tl]9 VVKTOS avaXaj^MVof battle. , , ^ „ , - TA

Trjv (TTpaTiav Tracrau ijei^ w? KaTua-^eiv avuig

Tag TTivXa?. w? oe ajucpi imea-a? vvKTag eKpciTtjo-ev avOig 2

Twv irapoScov, ave-rrave Ttjv (TTpaTiav to Xonrof tJ/9

PVKTog auTOV €7rc TMV TreTpcov, irpocpvXaKa? aKpi^eig

KaTacrTi](TafX€i>09. inro Se T)]V eco KaTtjei cltto tcov

irvXwv KUTa t>]v ooov ' Ka) ecog juev iravTij (TTevoTropa

i)v Ta yjMpia, eir) Kepcog Tjyev ' to? Se Sie-)(cop€i eg

TrXaro?, aveTTTva-crev aei to Kepag eg (pdXayya, aXXtju

Kai aXXtjv TOOV ottXitmv Ta^iv irapaywv, t>; ixev wg

enri TO bpog, ev apicTTepa ^e to? exl Trjv 6aXa(Tcrav.

ol oe LTTTreig avTM Tecog fxev kutottlv twv Tre^wv 3

TeTay^evoi i/crav, wg Se eg t>]v evpv^capiav irpoijecrav,

(TuveTacrcrev t'wrj Ti]V CTTpaTiav wg eg iJ.a-^}]v, irpcoTOvg

fxev CTTi TOV Se^iov Kepoog irpog tw opei twv Tre^wj/

TO Ts ayrinia Kai Tovg VTraanricrTag, u>v ^y lto Nikcc-

vwp 6 Tlapfxeviwvog, e-^ofxevrjv Se tovtoov t'jv J^olvou

Ta^iv, eiri oe TovTOig t>]v UepSlKKOv. outoi juev ecrTe

eiri TO fj.e(Tov tcov ottXitcov cltto tov Sepiov upPa-

fj.ev(p TeTayjixevoi >]crav. eiri §e tov evwi'v/jLov TrpwTij 4

fxev }] A^vvTov Tci^ig }jv, iir} §e t] IlToXejuaiov, eyo-

fiev>] Oe TavTt]g rj ^leXeaypov. tov Se evwvvjuov Toig

TTe^oig fiev K^paTepog eTrerera/cro ap-^eiv, tov Se Pv/ul-

iravTog evcovvjmov TLapfxeviwv tjyeiTO ' koi irapy'jyyeXTO

ANABASIS II, 8. 75

avTO) /jLi] airoXeiireiv T}]v OaXaarcrav, (o? jur] KVKXooOeieu

CK Tu>u /3ap(3ap(iov, otl Travrr] vTrepcpaXayyija-eiv avTcoi'

Sia 7r\rjOo9 efxeXXov.

Aapeios Se, eTreiSi] e^rjyyiXOtj auro) 'Trpocraycov "jorj 5

^AXePav^poi; co? e? jud-^ijv, TtJov fxev lirTrewv oia/Bi/Ba^ei

That of 'Jrepav rod Trora/xov too TLivapov e? rpia-jULup-

arius.^^^^ judXiaTa TOV apiOlXOV Koi /J.€Ta TOVTUlU

Tcov -^ikwv e? Sicrfiupiovs, otto)? t>]u Xonrtju ^vvajxiv

KaO' ri(jV)Q.av arvvTa^eie, Kou TrpcoTovg iJ.ev tov ottXi- 6

TiKOv TOL'9 "EWj/t^a? Toug fxi(76o(pdpoug era^ev e?

Tpiarjuvplov? KUTU Trjv (paXayya toov Ma/ceooi'Wi/ *

eiTt Se T0UT0<9 Twv J^apSuKcov KoXovjULei'cov 'ivQev

Koi euOeu eg e^aKia-juvplovg ' ottXitui Se ijaav koli

ovTOi. TOcrovTOvg yap ein (paXayyog dirXrjs eoe'^eTO

TO "^(joplov 'Iva eracrcrovTO. eireTU^e oe Kai tw opei J

T(p ev dpiCTTepa crcpcou /cara to 'AXe^avopov oe^iou

eV SicTjuvplovg ' Kai tovtuiv e<JTiv o'c kutu. vcotou eye-

vovTO T>J9 'AXe^auSpou CTTpaTiug. to yap opog 'Iva

eTreTavOrjcrav Trtj fxev ole^^iop€l e? ^aOog Kut /coXTro-oe?

Ti avTOV uxTTrep ev OaXaa-cr}] eyiveTO ' eireiTa e? eiri-

KafXTTtjv irpoXov rof? eiri Toig vTriopeiaig TeTay/j-evovg

KaTOTTLV TOV Se^iou Kepcog TOV 'AXe^avSpov eiroiei. to 8

^e aXXo TrX^Oog avTov y^iXcov re koi ottXitwv, kutu

edvi] awTeTayjuevov eg ^aOog ovk cocpeXi/mov, OTriaOev

f]v Tcov EiXX}]i^cov Tcov fxicrOoCpopcov Kcu TOV e-TTi (paXay-

yog TeTayixivov ^ap^apiKOV. eXeyeTO yap /} Trdaa rj

Pvv Aapeup aTpaTid /xaXicTTa eg e^/jKOVTa fjLvpcaSag

fxa-^ijULovg elvai.

^AXePavSpog Se, u)g avTco irpocroo iovtl to "^wpiov g

76 AAESANAPOY

Siea"^€v oklyov e? TrXaro?, Tvapi'jyaje Toug iTTTrea?;

Tovs Te eTalpou? KaXou/ULevoug Kai tov^ OecrcraXof?

Koi Tou? Ma/ce^oVa?. Koi tovtov; [xev eiri Tip de^iw

Kepa cifxa ol era^e' tol'? ^e eV lleXoTrovWicrou kui

TO aXXo TO crv/uLjuLa-)(iK6u ex< to evcovvfxov ire^irei w?

Yl.apiJ.evL(jciva.

Aapeio? Se, m crvvTeTayixevrj fjSr] tjv avTu> rj (pa- lO

Aay^, TOL'9 tTTTrea? ovcrTii/a? irpo tov iroTajmov eiri

TwSe irpoTeTayei otto)? acrchaXw? avTcp rj cKTa^ig r^f

CTTpaTia<i yevoiTO, aveKuXeuev airo ^uv6)]jui.aTog. Kai

TOVTMv Tovg jxev TToWov^ eTTt TO) o€^iu> Kepci TTpog

Tt] daXaacri] kuto. Tlapfxencoi^a cTu^ev, otl TavTrj

maWov Ti i7nrd(njui.a ijv ' fxepo? Se Ti avTWV ku\ eiri

TO evdowniov TTpos TCI opt] Trapi'iyayev. w? ^e u-^^peloi I I

evTavQa Sici CTTevoTrjTa tcov ^(jctpiwv e<paivovTO, kuc

TOVTcov Tovg TToWov^ 7rapi7r7r€v<Tat ein to oe^iou

Kepag (TCpcov eKeXeva-ev. auTog Se Aapeiog to fietrov

t^S 'Tra.crr]^ TaPewg 67re<"^e, KaOairep vojuog toii} llep-

(TMV jSacriXevcri T€Ta-)(Qar kul tov vovv Ttj? ra^ew?

TavTt]9 'iE!,€vo(p(ov 6 tov TpuXXou avayeypa(pev.

'Ej^ tovto) Se ^AXc^avSpog kutiSoov oXlyov iracrav IX.

Thv T(Jov Tlepcrwv 'Ittttov jueTaKe-^wptjKviav eiri to evcopvp-ou

TO eavTov w; irpog Ttjv UaAacrcrav, avTw de

der'sman- TOi)? IIeXo7roi'^>;cr/of9 fxovovg kcu Tovg aXXovsceuvres. ^ v ' » ' ' '

TCOV fufxju.a-^a)v nnreag TavTt] TCTayfxevov?

,

nvkix-Kei KaTci Td-)(og TOU9 Qea-craXovg linreag eiri to

evwvvfxov, KeXevcrag ju.}] irpo tov fxeTicirov Tijg irautj^

Ta^ecog Trapnnreva-ai, tov ixi] KUTacpavel'i To'i^ iroXe-

ixloig yeveaOai /xeTaj^copouvTU?, aXXa KaTOimv Tijs

ANABA2I2 II, 9. 77

(paXayyo'} acpavcog oi€\Oeii>. irpoeTa^e Se twv jxev 2

iTTTrecou KaTU to oe^ioi' tov? Trpoopo/uLov}, wv rjyeiTO

YlpcoTOfxa-^os, Koc Tovg ilaloua^, cov tjyeiTO 'Ao/crrcov •

Toov (5e ireCoov tov<s TO^OTa<i, <Sv^'jpx^^

^A.VTLoyo9

'

Tov<s §e ^A.ypiava<;, ojv vpx^^ "ArTaXo?, koi toov

l-mreoov Tivag kcu twv to^otoov e? eiriKajULTr)]}/ ttoo?

TO opo? TO KaTU vdiTOv eTa^ev, wcTTe kutci to SePiov

avTip Tr]u (paXayya e? Svo KcpaTa Sieyova-av TeTay^

6ai, TO juei/ CO? ttoo? Aapeiou t€ koi Toug irepav tov

'TTOTajuov Tou$ TTttVTa^ TLepcTa? ' TO Se cos ttoo? tous

CTTC T(p bpei KaTa vwtov crcboov TeTayjuevovs. tov

oe evcovvjULov TrpoeTa-^Otjcrav tvov TreCoov oi re K/oJ/re? 3

TO^OTUL Kai ol OpriKes, cov rjyecTO SiraX/o;? • 7rp6

TOVTCov oe ^ '/tttto? ^ KaTU TO evcowjULOv. ol §e fxicrOo-

(popoi ^evoi 7ru(Tiv eireTa'^Otjaav. eirei Se ouTe irvKvti

avTw rj (paXay^ kutu to Sepiov to eavTOv ecpaii'eTO,

TToXu T€ TavTf] v'7r€p<p(xKayyi](T€iv ol Wepcrai eSoKouu,

e/c TOO fxecrou e/ceXeutre Svo '/Xaf toov eTaipcov, t}]v re

^AvOejUovQ-lav, ?/9 iXap'ytjs t'lv TLepoiSas 6 ^levecrOecos,

Kai T>]v iVevyalav KoXovfMevtjv, rjs 'jyecTo TLavTopSavos

6 KXeaifSpov, e-jrl to Se^iov a(pavu)s TrapeXOeiv. koi 4Tou? TO^OTas oe koi fxepos toov 'A.ypia.voov koi toov

hjXXyvoov fJiiaOocpopoov ecTTiv ovs kuto. to SePiov to

uvTov eiTL fjL€T007rov TTupayayuiv eteTeivev virep to

TMv llepcroov Kepas Ttjv (pdXayya. eirei yap ol virep

TOV opovs TCTay/uevoi ovTe KaT^ecrau, cKSpojULtjg re eir'

avTOvs TOOV 'A.ypiavoov Koi toov toPotoov oXiyoov kuto.

TTpocTTa^iv 'AXe^avSpov yevofxevt]? paSioos cltto t/Js

VTToopelas avacrToXevTes e? to OLKpov avicpvyov, eyvco

78 aae;e?anapoy

Kai roig kut avrov^ Terayixivoi^ SvvaTov ov y^pija-acrBai

€s ava7r\i']pui(Tiv t^? (boKayyo^ ' CKeivoL^ oe lirirea^ Toia-

KOCTLOus eirira^ai e^y'jpKecrev.

OuTCi) §}] TeTayjuevovg y^povov /utev Tipa Trpofjyev X.

avairavcov, cocrTe koi iravv eoo^e a-yoXaia yevicrdaL

avTwv f] TTOOcrooo?. roi)? 'yap jSapBapov?,Alexander ^, ^ ^ ' ' /> , / , ,.

drives in oTTft)? Tu TTOcora eTavutio-av, ovKen avTeirtjyethe Per- ^ , , , , ^ ^ - „ /^sian left Aapeio?, aW CTTi Tov TTOTafxov Tais o-^uai^,wing.

-V -v ^ ^ ' / V V \> ^

TToAAa^j? fxev aTTOKpyj/mvoig oucrai^, eari oe

OTTOV Kai "yapaKQ Trapareiva? avrah, 'ii^a evecpo'

SdoTepa ecpau'eTO, outoo? ejueve. koi TavT)] evOug SyjXos

eyeveTO Toig afxcp' 'AXe^apSpou Tt] yvwixrj SeSovXw-

fjLevo?. cog Se 6/ulov tj^rj ^v ra crTparoTreSa, evravOa 2

irapiTTTrevcov iravrt] AXe^avSpog TrapcKoXei avSpag aya-

Oovg yiyvecrOai, ov tcov ijye/novcov jjlovov tu ovojuaTa

^up TO} irpeirovTL koo-julw a.vaKoXcoi', aWa koi. iXdp-^ag

KOI Xo-^ayoug ovofxaa-ri koc tcov ^eucov toov fxicrOoipo-

poov bcroi KQT a^LuxTLV 1} Tiva apeTt]v yvcopLjULoorepoi

^crav Kai avTcp iravTa-^oQev ^orj eyiyuero fxt] Siarpl^eiu,

aXXa ecrpaXXeci/ eg Tovg TroXejuious. 6 oe tjyev ev TtxPei 3

GTi, ra fxev irpwra, Kalirep ev cnroTrro) »jSrj e-^wv t>]u

Aapeiov ovvafj.iv, ^aSrjv, tov jur] Siaa-TracrOijval tl ev

T(p ^uvTOvcoTepa irope'ia eKKv/uLtjvav Trjg (paXayyog • wg

oe evTog /BeXovg eylyvovTO, TrpcoTOi St] oi kut 'AXer-

avopov Ka\ avTog 'AXe^avSpog eirl tov Se^iov TeTay-

[xevog opojucp eg tov TTOTajuov eve/SaXov, tog tv} T€

o^vT}]Ti Tijg ecpooov eKTrXrj^ai Tovg Tlepcrag Kai tov

Qacrarov eg yeipag eXOovTcg oXiya irpog tu)v to^otwv

^XaTTTeaOai. Kai ^vve^>] oircog e'lKaaev 'A.Xe^avSpog.

ANABA3I2 II, 11 79

€v6d? yap (*)? eV yepcriv t) /mayj] eyeveTO, TpiirovTca 4

Tov YlepcTLKOv (TTpaTevfxaTO? oi tco apicrrepw Kepa

eTTLTeTayixivoL ' kcu TavTtj jxev XafXTrpwg eviKa 'AXe^-

avSpo^ re kox ol ajucp' avTov. 01 Se "EXAz/fe?Indecisive

, ' ^ A ' '^ S '

fighting: in Ot fXlCTUOCpopOl Oi <TVV llapeiM,f]

Oieo-^e TOOV

Ma/ce^oVcov ^ (paXay^ cog eir). to Se^iov Kepag

irapappayelcra, otl 'AXe^avopog fxeu o-ttovo}] eg tov 5

TTOTajj-ov ejUL^aXoou kuc ev yepcri Tt]V [J.a')(t]v Troirjcrag

epcoOei t/Stj Toug tuvtu TCTayjuevovg twv T\ep(Twv, oi 8e

KUTo. [xeaov tQ>v Ma/ceooVojv ovTe t^ 'laij airovSn {jyp^avTO

TOV epyou koi TroWa'^t] Kptjuxvoooecri Toig (y^aig evTuy-

ydvovTeg TO /kieTOOTTOV Ttjg (paXayyog ov ovvaTOi eye-

vovTO ev T>] auTi] Ta^ei Siaa-cocracrOai, TavTtj efx/SaX-

Xovaiv oi "EXX^/i^e? Toig Ma/feooVti/ // jULoXicrTa Siecr-

Traarjuevtjv avToig t>/j^ (paXayya KaTeioov. koi to 6

epyov evTavOa KupTepov t/v, twv jxev eg tov itotu-

jULov awcacraa-Oai Tovg ^luKeSovag Kai Ttjv viKfjv TOig

i'lSrj (pevyoucriv avTwv avacrcoa-aa-Oai ' twv Ma/ce^o-

voov §e Trjg re 'AXe^avopov t]Ot] (paivofxevt]g einrpayiag

/j.i] Xei(p6>jvai Koi ti]v oo^av Ttjg (paXayyog, cog aixayov

St] eg TO TOTe Sia^e/3o>j/uL€vr]g, fitj a(pavi(rai. Kal tl

Kai Tolg yeve(Ti tw re ^XXtjviKw Koi tw ^laKeSoviKw 7

d)iXoTi/ui.Lag eveirearev eg aXXi'jXovg. kul evTuvOa iriTTTei

llToXejuaiog re 6 2eXei//cou, avtjp ayaOog yevo/mevog, Kai

aXXo. eg eiKoari fxaXiuTa Kal ckutov twv ouk tj/ueXtj/uLtvcov

Ma/ceooVwv.

'Ev TOVTCp Se ai airo tov Se^iov Kepeog TU^etg, TeT- XI.

pafifxevovg >/Srj Tovg kutu ar(pag tmv TLepcruiv opcovTeg,

iirl Tovg Pivoug re tov? fxicrBocpopovg TOvg Aapeiov

F

80 AAEgANAPOY

KOI TO TTOvovixevov (T(pu)v eTTiKajiiyp-avTeg airo Te tov

TTOTajuou airuxravTO avTOv^, kui Kara to irapep-Rout of , ^ ^ , » I

thePer= owyo^ TOV llepcTiKov (TTpaTeviuLaTO^ VTrepcpa-

Xayy/jcrai'Te^ e? Tct TrXayia efx^e^XtjKOTe^ t'/Si]

eKOTTTOv Tovg p€vov9 ' Koi ol iTTTreis 0€ ol TOiv Vlepa-wv 2

Kara tou9 OeTToXovs TCTayjuevoi ovk e/meivav ei^ro? tov

TTOTUfJiov iv avTcp TU) epyM, aW eirioia^avTe^ evpw-

(TTcog ei^e^aWov €19 tu^ 'IXag tcov QeTToXwv. kux

TavTi] PvvicTTi] iVxoytxa^/a KupTcpa ' ouSe irpocrOev

eveKkivav ol JYepa-ai 7rp\v Aapeiov' re TrecpevyoTU

^crOovTO Koi 7rp\u aTroppaytjvai cr(pwv tovs /jlictOo-

(popovg (TvyK0TrivTa<i xnro Ttj^ (pdXayyo^. totc §e 3

>jSr] Xaixirpa Te koi e/c iravTCOv rj (pvyi] eyiyvero

'

Koi o'i re twv YVepcrwv 'Ittttoi ev Trj avaywpijCTei. cku-

KOiraOovv, ^apecog (oTrAicr/xevou? rot;? a/uL/BuTa^ (r(pwv

cbepovTe^, KOi avTo] ol tVTrei"? kutu crTei/a^ ooous

xA>/0ei re ttoXXo). kui 'Treipo^ijiut.evcos (Juv uTa^ia airo-

ywpovvTeg ov jmetov vtt' aXXyXwu KaTaTraTOUjULeuoi

t] TTOO? TWU ^IWKOVTWV IToXefJ-lcOV e/SXaiTTOl'TO. Kac

ol QeTTaXo\ evpwcTTco^ avToig eireKeivTO, cocTTe ov

fxeiov t] Toov Trert^i^ cpouo? ev Tt] (pvyij twv iTTTrecou

eyiyveTO.

Aapeio^ Se, ' w? avTW to irpcoTOv vtt 'AXe^avopov 4

ecbolSi'iOt] TO Kepag to evcovv/mov Kai TavTr] airoppriy-

Flieht ofvv/xevov KUTelSe tov aXXov CTTpaTOireoov,

Darius. '/^' »"? ^^-^f/ \ -evvv<s w<s €L~^ev eiri tov apiuLUTog aw T019

TrpwTOi? €(pevy€. koi t'crre yuej/ o/naXoh )(^ct)pioi9 ev t'i] 5

cbvyii eveTvyyavev, ein tov dp/uaTog Sieaw^eTO' w? ^e

(papay^i Te koi aXXaig SvcT^coplaig eueKvpcre, to fxev

ANABA2:i2 II, 11. 81

dWa uTToXeiTrei cwtoO koc tijv acnrlSa KOi tov Kavovv

ckSv^' 6 §e Koi TO To^ov ciTToXenrei ctti tov apixaTO^'

auTos Se "lttttov eiri^a^ ecpevye' koi rj vv^ ov oia juaKpou

€7nj€vofX€i^>] acpelXeTO avTov to irpo^ 'AXe^avopov

aX(t)J^ai. 'AXe^avSpos yap eaTe fxev (pao^ >]V ava 6

KpaTog €§iu)K€U' a»9 ^e crvpeaKOTa^e re tjorj Kai tu

irpo iroScov a(pavt} i/v, eg to 'iixiraXiv aTreTpeireTO wg

exi TO CTTpaTO'TreSoi', to /xcvtoi cipina to Aapeiov

eXajSe koi Trjv acnriSa eir avTco kou tov Kavovv Kai

to TOpov. /cat yap Kai rj Sico^ig ^paSvTepa avTu> j

eyeyovei, OTi ev tu irpcoTt] irapappij^ei Trjg (paXayyog

eiricTTpi^ag Ka\ avTog ov irpocrQev eg to SidoKeiv eTpair~

€T0 irp\v Tovg re fxicrOocpopovg Tovg ^evovg Kai to tmv

Tiepaociv LiririKOv uiro tov iroTa/mov aircoaOevTag KaTeloe.

Twv §e TLepcrwv cnreOavov 'ApcrdjUD^g fxev Kai Peo- 8

fxiOpijg Kai 'ATirw/9 Twv eTrl TpaviKcp ^yrjrrajuevcov tov

linriKOv' ciTroOvi'icTKei Se Kai Zju^aKrjg 6 Aiyvir-Casualties. , ^ T) /3 ' ^ , t

TOV (TaTpairrjg Kai iDovpaKTjg t(jov evTijucov

Tleparwv to Se aXXo TrXtjOog eig oeKa /maXiaTa jxvpiaoag

Kai ev TovTOig iirireig virep Tovg fxvpiovg, coaTe Aeyet

TlToXe/iiaiog 6 Adyov, ^vveTricnro/uievog TOTe 'AXe^avopo),

Tovg ixeTCi cr<pMu SicoKOVTag Aapeiov, cog eiri (papayyi

Tivi ev Tii Si(iop€i eyevovTO, eirl twv veKpwv oia^rjiai t)]v

(pdpayya. to re crTpaTOTreSov to Aapeiov evOvg e^ g

ecboSov edXo) koi >) IJ-^'iTr]p Kai t) yvvi], avTrj Ce Kai

Capture dSeXcpi] Aapeiov, Kai vlog Aapeiov v)']-7riog' Kai

cam^Tnd ^vyaTepeg Svo edXwcrav kuI aXXai dfxCpi'

princesses,^^^^jj lieporwv Twv o/noTiimcov yvvaiKeg ov

TToXXai ol ydp dXXoi Yiepcrai Tag yvvaiKag crcbwv

82 AAESANAPOY

Pvv Tij aWij Karaa-Kevr] eg Aajuaa-Kov 'irvyov e(TTa\Kore<f'

CTrei KOI Aapeiog riJov re y^pyjixarMv tu ttoWu kui oaa lO

aXka jiieydXco ^aa-iXei eg -TroXvTeXtj SlaiTav Koi crrparevo-

/xem ofxwg crvveTreraL TreTTOjULCpei eg Aa^aa-Kov, ware ev

TU) (TTpaTeufxari ou irXelova ?/ rpicrj^iXia raXavra eaXw.

aXXa Koi. ra ev Aa/macTKcp -ypijiJ-aTa oXijov ucrTepov

eaXw UTTO Uapfievioovog 67r' avro tovto crTaXevTog.

TOUTO TO reXog rii iJ-ayj] eKelut] eyevero eiri apyovTog

'A6>]vaioig NiKOKparovg jmtjvog MaijULaKTrjpiwvog.

Ti] Se v(Trepaia, Kalirep reTpoojUievog rov ^tjpov ^Kpei XII.

'AXe^avSpog, 6 Se Tovg Tpavixarlag eirtiXOe, kui rovg

Alexan- veKpovg ^uvayayvDV eOay^e ixeyaXoirpeirm crvv

foV'thr'* T^ SwdjuLei Trdcnj eKrerayixevi] XafiTrporaTa wg

wounded;^^ -jroXejULov ' KOI Xoyw re eTreKOcr/nrja-ev ocroig ri

Siairpe-Treg epyov ev TiJ ixd^j "h avTog ^vveyvui eipya-

(T/xevov »/ dKO?] crvfxcpMvoviuLevov efxaOe • kui ^(^ptjuaTMv

eTTiSoaei wg eKacTTOvg cruv rij a^in eTifitjcre. koi KiXiKiag 2

fiev ciTToSeiKVvei (raTpdirtiv BdXaKpov tov NiKdvopog,

eva Toov (rcoiu.aTO(puXdK(ji)v rwv /Baa-iXiKwv avri

wards for ^e rovTov eg Toug (roci/n.aro(pvXaKag KareXe^e

Mev>]Ta TOV Aiovvcriov ' dvTi Se IlroXe-

fxaiov rod HeXeuKOU rov cnrodavovrog ev rt] fJ.a-)(r]

HoXva-Trepxovra rov Zijufxiou dpyetv diriSei^e r^g

eKeivov rd^eoog. kol 'ZoXevcri rd re irevrriKOvra

rdXavra d en evSed fjv e/c rcov eTn^XrjQevruiv (r<pi(Ti

vptjindrwv dv>]Ke koi rovg ofxi'ipovg d-TreSwKev.

'O Se ovSe rng /mtjrpog r?]g Aapelov ov^e r^g yvvaiKog 3

'ti tSjv ira'i^wv tjfJLeXrja-ev. dXXd Xeyovcri Ttve? ru)V rd

AXePdvSpov ypay^dvr(»v, rTjg vvKTog avTijgfj

utto rPjg

ANABAi:i2 II, 12. 83

Sioo^ews T^9 Aaoetoi; eTraviJKev e? t>]U crKrji/yjv TrapeXO-

ovTa avTOV TrjV Aapeiov, {/ti? uvtco €pt)pi]-his kind

, ^ , ^ ^ , , \ ,7treatment ixevrj rjv, UKOVcrai yvvaiKwv oijULwyrju Kai aXXouof the Per- „ n> O ' '

sian royal TOIOVTOV VOpvpOV OV TTOppO) T//9 CTKtJVt]^'

ladies., f ,r - '>•'/>'" ^TTVuecroai ovv aiTive^ yvvaiKe^ kui avu otov 4

ovTU)<i eyyv^ irapaa-Krjvovcrai ' kui Tiva e^ayyeiXai, on,

th /BacriXev, rj /uDjTtjp re Kai t] yvvi] Aapeiov Kat oi

TraiSe?, cog ePrjyyeXBi] auTai? otl to toPov re to

Aapeiov e'-^eig Koi tov kuuSvu rov ^acriXiKOV nai t)

acriris otl KeKOfXKTTai oTria-w )) Aapeiov d)? eiri TeOv- 5

ecoTi Aapeio) avoi/mw^ova-i. Tavra aKovcravra 'AXe'^-

avSpov Tre/xvp-at irpog avrag A^eovvaTov, eva twv

eTaipcov, evTeiXaixevov (ppacrai otl(^ij

Aapeio? • Ta

Se oirXa koi tov Kavovv otl (pevycov a-weXiirev eiri

T(p iip/ULaTi KOL TavTa otl jmova e>^ei 'AXe^avSpo?. koi

A^eouvaTOP irapeXQovTa e? Trjv arKtjuriv Ta Te Trent

Aapeiov elireiv Kai otl Tt-jV Qepaireiav auTaig ^^y-

X.uypel 'AXe^avopo? Trjv /BacriXiKrjv Ka\ tov aXXov

Kocrfxov KOLL KuXeiaOai jSaa-iXlcrcra?, CTrei ovSe KaTu.

k'^Qpav ol yevecrOai tov iroXe^iov irpoq Aapeiov, aXX'

virep Tfjf ap-^^tji} T>j<f 'Aalag SiaireTroXejULrjaOaL evvofx-

(09. TavTa fxev TlToXejuaiog ku). 'ApiaTo/SovXoi

Xeyovcri ' Xoyog oe e^et Kai avrou 'AXepavopov tu 6

vcTTepaia TrapeXOeiv e'larco Puv H(bai(TTlcovi /novo) tcov

eTaipwv • KUi TrjV imtjTepa T})v Aapeiov, ajudyiyvoija-aaav

ocTTig 6 ^acriXevg eoj avToiv, ecrToXOai yap afxcpo) tw

avTo) Koa-fici), Tt]v Se 'YLfhaKTTLwvi irpocreXQeiv kcu

TrpoarKvvrja-ai, otl jULei^wv avTrj ecpdvt] eKeivog. cog oe 6 7

HipaKTTlcov Te OTrlact) vire-^wptjcre Kai Tig tcov ajuid)'

84 AAEgANAPOY

avWjv, Tov ^AXi^avSpov ^e/^a?, eKeivov €(p>] elvai

'AXi^avSpov, Tt)v ixev KaraiSecrOeicrav tij oiajnapTLa

vTToyuipeiv, ^AXe^avSpov Se ou (pavai auTt]V ajuapTeh' '

KOI yap KOI eKeivov eivai 'AXe^avSpov. kcli ravra eyoo 8

o^O' C09 aX}]6^ oure wg iravTt] cnria-Ta aveypa^a. aXk

e'lTe oi/Tto)? eirpayOt] eiraivu) ^AXe^avSpov T»/? re e? ra?

yvvaiKa<i KaToiKTiueoog Kai Tt]9 eig tov eraipov iria-Tewg

Kcil TifJLiji ' e'lre TriOavo<i SoKei Toig ^vyypa-Yacriv AXe^-

avSpo? o)? Kal TavTa av Troa^a? Kai eiTroov Kai eiri Tu>oe

eiraivw 'AXe^avSpov.

Aapeios Se t^v fxev vvKTa ^vv oXiyoig Totg a^cp XIII.

avTov €<puye, t7] Se 'iimepa avaXaju^avwv aei tu>v tc

Darius'TLepcTcov TOV? SiaorcoQevTai eK r^? />iaX''^ '^"'

the'eu"^^'^Twf ^evcov Twv jui(r6o(p6piDv, e? TeTpaKicry^iXiovi

phrates.e-)((jov Toi'9 TTctj/ra?, 009 €7rl Oayp^aKov re iroXtv

Kcii TOV J^u(ppaTi]v TTOTajULOv cnrovSi] '/jXavvev, wg Ta^icTTa

/xecrov avTov re koll 'AXe^avSpou tov ^u(ppaT}]V iroiyjcrai.

'AyUi/vra? (5e 6'

Avtlo-^ov kol OujUidovSag 6 IS/levTopog 2

The Mace- "^"^ ^ApicTTOjui'iStjg 6 ^epaiog Ka'i liiavcDp 6

deserters'AKapvav, ^vjuLTravTes ovToi avTOfxoXoi, fxeTa

fetrfat to '^^j>'^ ^^f^Tri olis

'^*^'' ^"-l^fp aVTOV<; (TTpaTlCOTCOV O)? OKTUKKT-

andthento^^X/^^,/ ^yQyg ^g TeTayfxevoi ijcrav KttTa TU

and Egypt. ^',^ (pevyovTeg cKpUovTO eg TpiTToXiv t>/9

^oiviKrjg ' Kai evTavOa KaTaXa^ovTcg Ta? vavg vevecoXK- 3

r]/jLevag ed)^ wv irpoaOev ck Aecr/Sou oiaKeKOfJ.C(T/uLevoi

^crav, TOVToov ocrai jxev iKaval (T(pi(Tiv eg Ttjv kojuio>jv

eSoKOvv, TavTag KaOeXKvcravTeg, Tag oe aXXag av-

Tov ev Tolg vecopioig KaTaKavcravTeg, cog yu;/ irapaar-

^eiv Ta-^elav crcboov TtjV Sioo^iv, eiri }\.v7rpov ecpeuyov

ANABA2I2; II, 13. 85

KOI €KeiOev eiV A'lyvTTTOv, 'ivairep oXiyov vcrrepov

iroXvirpayixoviJov ri 'Ajuvvrag air06 Wia-Ket. v-wo twv

eyvcopicov.

^apm^a^oi Se kol AvTO(ppaSaT>]9 reco? /nev irepi 4

Trjv ^lov §i€Tpi(3ov ' KaraaWiaavreg Se (ppovpav Tt]?

X/ou Tct? fJLev Tiva<; twv vewv e? Kw Kai AXi-

Negotia=Kaovacrcrov ecrreiXau ' avrol Se ckutov vavcri

tions be= rtween ^^-^ apicrra TrXeovcraig avayo/nevoi e? ^i(ppov

of Sparta, KaTeavov. KOI. Trap avTOvg iKpiKvelrai" Ayis

Persian q ^^i^ KaKeSaiiioviwv BacriXevg cttI fxiag Tpo]-admirals. ^ \ , , ,

oof?, ^^pr'ifxaTa re aiWjcrwv e? tou TroXefxov

Koi. SuvajULiv vavTLKt]v re Koi 7re^</c>/j/ ocrijv TrXeKTTtjv

aPiUKTCov (TVixireix-^aL oi e? Tt-jv \\e\oTrovvi]crov. Kai 5

ev TOVTO) ayyeXla avToh e^^erat Tri<; fJ-a-^t]^ r^? Trpo^

'Icrcrw yevojUieu}]<;. eKirkayevre^ oe irpo's tu e^ayyeX-

Oivra ^apva.^aCo<i [xev crvv ScoSeKa rpajpecn Kai tmv

/micrOocbopcov Pevcov ^vv -^iXioi? Kai irevTaKoa-ioi? eiri

^lov ecTTaX}], Seicra? M'/ f' Trpo? Tt]V ayyeXiav r*/?

rJTTt]9 01 Xiot vewTepia-uxTiv. "Ayi<i Se irap' Avto- 6

(bpaSarov rdXavra apyvpiov Xaj3u)u rpiaKovra Kai Tpir'jp-

€19 SeKa, Tavra? fxev 'iTnriau a^ovTa uTrocrTeXXei

irapa tov aSeXcbov tov uvtov ^AyrjcriXaov eiri 1 ai-

vapov. Ka\ TrapayyeXXeiv eKeXevcrev 'AyrjcriXacp, di-

Sovra TO?? vavraig epreXij tov /hictOov irXelv rr^v Ta-^i-

crrrjv €Tr\ K.p}]Tt]9, (09 ra eKei KaTacrT>](TOiuLevov. avTO<i

Se Tore jmev avroO ev Taig vi'ja-oig virefxevev, uaTepov

Se eig' AXiKapvacrcrov Trap AvrocppaSarrjv a(piKeTO.

'AXe^avSpo? Se craTpaTrtjv fxev ^vpia r^ noiXij /

M.evcova tov Ke|0^//x/xa e-rreTa^e, Sov(} avTco eig (pvXaKt]v

86 AAE;h7ANAP0Y

Ttjg ^(ooa? T0U9 toov avfx/xayjav iTnreag. avrog §e eir)

^oiviKr]^ ijei. KOI airavTa avTu> Kara rrjvOccupa= '?^ v^ ' » ri ' - -'A 5tion of ooov Z^Tparcov o 1 }]po(7TpaTov 7ra<9 tov xxpao-Phoenician , ^-^A'? ' O \ ' .

towns by fWJ' Tc Kui Twv JxpaoM TTpouoiKCiov pacTiAecogAlexander. , «> y-, , , \ > a ' ^ ? '

o 06 i >]pO(TTpaT09 avTo? /H€T J\vro<ppaoaTOv

eirXei eir). Tm> veoov, Koi ol aWoi dl re roiiv ^oiviKoav

Kai ol Twv J^VTrpicov ^acriXeii koi avToi A.vTO(ppaSaT>j

^vvcTrXeoi'. ^Tpdrcou Se 'AXe^dvSpw evrv^wv are- 8

(pavoi -^pucra) crTecbavo) avTOi^, kuI Ti'/v Te "A.paoov

avT(o Tt]v vrjaov Koi Tt]v ^lapaQov Trjv KaTavTiKpv t^?

'A^paoou ev th tjireipu) wKi(Tjuev>]v ttoXiv, ixeyaXt^v Kcti

evSaifxova, koi ^lywva koI ^lapidfxfxyjv ttoXiv koi raXXa

bcra T*;? (xcpihv eiriKpaTeia^ euSlSoocriu.

"EiTi Se €v IS/IapdOo) 'AXe^duSpou oj/to? d(piKOVTO XIV.

irapa Aapelov irpia-^ei^, eiria-ToXriv re koijliCovt€<s

j^apetov Kol avTOi cnro y\co(Tcrr](; oetjcro/ULevoiDarius'

, . . , , , , ,

letter to a(peh'aL Aapeui) Tt]v jurjrepa kqi Ttjv yvvaiKUAlexander.

, ,

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o>, , , ^ , ,,

Kai Tovg TTO^oa?. ediiAov ve rj eTTiaToAi], on 2

^iXnnro) re irpog 'A^pra^epPrju (biXia Koi avjULjuay^ia

eyepero. koi eTreiSt] "A^paij^ 6 V169 'Apra^ep^ov e/Sacrl-

Xevcrep, otl ^iXnnro^ dSiKia^ irpwro^ 69 jiaaikea "A^pcrriv

rip^ev ovoev ay^api eK TLepcrwv iraQwv. i^ ov oe avToi;

parriXeuei Tlepcrwi', oure 7re/>c\|/a< Tim 'AXe^auSpov

"Trap avTov e^ ^e^aicocriv Tfjg iruXai ova-r]^ (piXlag T€

Kai (TVjULjua-^ia<!, SiajSijvai tc ^uv (TTpana eg Ttjv 'A^a-'iav

Kai TToXXu KUKu epyacrafrOai Ueptrag. tovtov eveKa 3

KaTa/Srji'ai avTog tjj yjjopa ajmvvMv Kai Ttjv ap-^rjv Tt]v

TraTpwav dvacrooG-oov. rrjv jxev St] imd-^tjv wg Oecov tm

eoo^ev, ovTU) KpiOtjvac ' avrog Se ^acriXevg irapd /SacriX-

ANABASIS II, 14. 87

eft)9 yvvaiKa ts Tr]U avTOv aireiv Kai fxtjTepa Kai TraiSa^

TOU5 a\6vTa9, Kai (piXiav eOeXeiv Tron'jcraa-Oai ttjOo?

'AXe^avSpov Koi ^v/x/ma-^o^ eivai ^AXe^avSpco ' Koi virep

TOVTWV ire/HTTeiv ^^lov 'AXe^avSpov Trap' avTOV ^vv

M.en(TKO) re koi ^A.pcrijui.a Tocg ayyeXoi? Tocg e/c Ylepcrcov

i'fKovari Tovg TO. TTicTTa. X>/\|/o/jiej/oi'9 re koi virep 'AXe^-

av^pov Swcroi'Tai}.

TLpo? ravra avTiypdcpei ^AXe^avSpog koi ^vixire/j.-irei 4

TO?? irapa Aapeiou eXOovcri Qeprrnnrov, TrapayyeiXag

T>]v eTricTToXtji' §ovvai Aapeiw, avTov oe fir]

der's SiaXeyecrOaL virep /xtjoevog. f] oe eiricrToXt]

answer., a ^ >- ' ? ^? v n' ' ' '

AXefapopov code e^e<. \Jl v/uLerepoi irpoyovoL

eXOovTeg eig ^laKeSopiav Kai eig Trjv a.XXr]u EiXXaoa

KaKCog eiro'iricrav rjfxag ovoeu TrpoijSiKrj/xei^oi ' eyu> oe

Twv 'EXXj/j'wi/ rjyeixuiv Karaa-TaOeig Kai Ti/j-copycr-

aaOai ^ovXofjievog Tlepcrag SiejSrjv et'? rrjv 'Acriav,

virapPavTuiv v/ncov. Ka). yap TLepivOloig e^otjOijarare, 5

0*1 Tov ejULOV irarepa rjSiKOVu, Kai eig QpriKrjv, 7)9

i]IJ.e2<s '//p-^ojuev, Svvafxiv eirefx^eu 'Q^o?. tov oe irar-

po<i aTToOai'oi'TOi} viro tu)V eTri^ovXeva-avroov, 01)9

vfie'ig (TweraPaTe, C09 avroi ev Taig eiria-ToXah irpog

airavTag eKOfXTraa-are, Ka) "Aparrjv airoKTeipavTOi

(TOV jueru Baywov, /cat rijv apyj]V KaTaa")(ovT09 ov

SiKaiwg ovSe Kara tov TIepcrwv vojuoi/, aXXa aoi-

KOVVT09 Jlepcrag, Kai virep e/j.ov irpog Tovg ' EXX>;i'a9

ypd/uLfxaTa ovk eiriTijSeia ireiJ.irovTO<;, o7rw9 irpo<i fxe 6

iroXeixoxTi^ koa. •^prfjJi.aTa diro(TTeXXovTO<; irpog Aa/ce-

SaijULOvlovg koi aXXov} Tivdg tcov 'KXXrjvwv, Kai

Twv jxev aXXwv iroXewv ovSe/midg Se-)(oiuLevy]9, Aa/ce-

88 AAEgANAPOY

SaijULOvlcov Se XajSouTcou, kqi tmv irapa rrov TrefKp'-

QevTwv Tovg ijiioug chiXov? StacpOeipavrcov koi Tt]v

eioijvtjv rjv TOig "EXX>;(Tt /carecr/cei/acra oiaXveiv eiri-

yeipovvToov ecrToaTeucra eiri ere virap^avTog arov Ttjg

e-^Opa^. eireiSr] Se jui.a)(ti vepiKtjKa irporepov fiev Toug 7

croy? (TTpaTtjyoug koi craTpaTra^, vvv Se ere Kai

Ttjv fxera aov Suva/miu, koi t>]V j^wpav e-)(o), toov

Oeu)v jULoi SouTcav, o(tol tcov fxera croO Trapara^a/uievcov

fxtj ev Ti] fJia-^Qj aireOavov, aXXa Trap e/xe KaTedyuyov,

TOVTCdv €7nfJL€\ojut.aL Kat ovK UKOUTeg Trap* efxoi eicriv,

aWa avTol €k6vt€9 ^vcTTpaTevovTai /xer' efxov. wg 8

ovv efiov T^9 'A.(riag aTrao-j;? Kvpiov ovto? rJK€ irpog

efxe. €1 oe (bo^t] jui>] eXOcov TraOijg tl eP efxov a-^api,

Tre/XTre Tivag tmv (plXoiu to. iricrTa Xrjyjrojuivovg. eXOcov

Se irpog fxe rhv juLtjTepa koi t}]v yuvaiKa koi Tovg

TraiSa? koi ei aXXo tl eOeXei? airei koI Xdfx/Baue. o

Tl yap dv ireiOng e/xe ecTTai croi. Kai toO Xoittov oTav 9

TrejUTrrjg, Trap' e/xe cog ^acriXea Trjg 'A^criag TrefiTre, fxtjSe

a (SovXei eP \crov eTTKTTeXXe, aW cog KvpiM ovTi

TravTcov twv (toov cbpaTe ei Toy 067; • el Se /x)/, eyco

^ovXev(TOfxai Trep\ crou cog aSiKovi/Tog. ei §e avTi-

Xeyeig Trepi Ttjg /3acriXeiag, VTTOfxeivag eTi aycovicrai

irepi avTtjg kui /mrj (pevye, cog eyco ctti ere Tropevcrojuai ov

dvijg.

IT009 fJLev Aapetov TavTa eTrecTTeiXev. cTrei oe e'fxaOe XV.

Tct re ^p7]/uLaTa oa-a arvv }^co(privi tm ^A.pTa^aYov utto-

TreTTO/iKpei eg AajmacrKov Aapeiog oti eaAw/ce, Kai ocroi

Tlepcrcov aju(p' avTU eyKaTeXeKpdtjcrav crvv Ttj aXXri

(BacriXiKi] KaTaa-Keu}] oti Kai ovtoi eaXcocrav, TavTa fxev

ANABASIS II, 15. 89

OTTia-M KoixiaavTa e? Aajuaa-Kov TIapfxevicova (puXdcrcreiv

eKeXeve. Tovg Se Trpecr^eiif twv ^Wi'jvoov dl 2A1exan°

\ » . \ ^ r •> /

der'5 TTOOf Aapelov Trpo T»y? MCf^^;9 acbiy/uLcvoLtreatment ^ , , x , ' ^ ' v /v

of the tjcrav, eirei Kai tovtov^ eaAcoKepai efxaoe,Greek en= , r ^ / » /^ * ?< TT" '/lvoysto Trap avTOV Trefiireiv eKeAevev. rjcrav oe iLtvuv-

Darius. ^^ ^ ^ , r\ \' 5 'T/cA/;9 iJ.ev ZjirapTiaTt]^, xjearcraAicrKog oe la-jUi]-

vlov Kuc AiopvaoScopo? '0\vjinrioviKi]g,0)]l3aiot, I(piKpaT>]9

Se 6 ^IcpiKpoLTOvg Tou (TTpaTijyov, 'A.6r]vat09. Kai 3

ovToi 0)9 -ijKov Trap 'AXe^avSpou, QecrcraXicrKov fxev

/cat AiovucroSoopov, KaiTrep 0}]/3aiov^ ovra^, evOw!

cKptJKe, TO juev Ti KaTOiKTiaei tcov Otj/Swi', to oe

OTi (TvyyvuxTTa SeSpaKei'ai ecpatvovTO, tjvopaTrooicr-

juevt]'? viro ^laKeSofwv r^? TraTplSog acbicriv re iji/Ttva

ijSvvavTO cocbeXeiav evpicTKOfxevoi koI ei o;/ Tiva Kai

Tt] TraTplSi eK Tlepcrcov Kai Aapeiov, Tavxa /xeu virep

ajULCpoiv eTTieiKt] evdvixriQei<i, iSia Se QecrcraXicrKOV fxev 4

aiSoi TOU yeuov? acpievai elTrev^ otl tu>v eTrKpavcou

Qtj^aicov ^jv, AiovvcroScopov Se eTrJ tJ] vlkd tmv 'OXv/h-

TTioov. 'I(piKpaTt]v ^e (piXia re r/y? 'A.6t]vai(ji)v TroXew?

Ka] lULmjfAi] T>j<; So^ijg tov TraTpo? Ttoj/ra re a/xcj)' avTOV

e-^oov e? TO. jxaXiaTa eTifit^are Kai vocrcp TeXevTtjcravTog

TO. ocTTo. e? Ta9 'A.6t]va? Tolg Trpo? yevoug aireTrefx^ev.

^vQvKXea Se, A^aKeSaiixoviov re ovTa, TroXeco? Trepi- ^

d)avM<i 6-^6pag ev T(2 TOTe, KOi avTOv ovoeu loia evpKTKO-

ixevov e? Puyyvwixrjv o ti Kat Xoyov a^iov, Ta juep

TTotoTa ev (puXaKij aSea-fxo) ei-^ev. vcrTepov oe e-wei

[xeyaXa evTuyei, Kai tovtov acprJKev.

'Ek: MaociOou ^e 6p/ui]6eh Bv^Xov re Xa/u/Savei 6

6/j.oXoyia €vSo6ei(Tav, Ka] "SliSwua avTwv Zlicwnwv

90 AAE^ANAPOY

eTTiKoXea-afievcov /caret ro e-^Bo? to Tiepawv koi

Aapeiov. evTevQev Se Trpovyjipei w? eiri

Capture T' '. ^ ' ' "> " ^ ^

of the Ivpov Kai €iiTuyya.vov(TLV avTw Kara t/;i'

Phoenician '^^ ' O T^ ' '^ - '' ^towns ooov irpecrpeig 1 upiwu airo Tou koivov ecrraA-

excent r r i > rr\ t > f/ «

Tyre.ixevoi (0? eyviiiKOTWV 1 vpiodv irpacrtjeiv o Tt av

€TrayyeX\t} 'AXe^avopo?. 6 Se rtjv re ttoXiu

eTraivecras kui toi/? irpecr^ei^ (koi yap rjcrav rwv eiri- y

(pavwv ev Tvpw dl re uXXoi koi 6 tov ^acriXeco? twu

Tvp'mv Tra'iq. avrog Se 6 jSacriXev? 'A^e/ixtXKo? fxer

AvTocppaSdrov eVXet) CKeXevcreu e7raveX66i'ra<i (hpaaai

ivpiotg on iOeXei irapeXOvov e? t>]v -woXlv Qvcrai tw

UpaKXei.

' hj<TTi yap ev Tvpo) lepov 'UpaicXeov? iraXaiOTarov XVI.

(bv fxv}'ifx}] avOpcoirivrj Siacrcoi^^eTai, ov tov 'Ao-ye/ou

npaKXeoug tov t^? 'AXKfjLrjvrj^ ' iroXXak yapsion. The yeueaig irpoTepov TijmuTai ev TvpM 'Hoa/cAJ;?

Heracles 5; K^ao/ixov CK ^onuKt}^ op/ULijOeVTU Qi'Sagat Tyre.

. \ , n ,

KaTaa"^etv kui t>]V Tratoa J^aSjuo) tijv 2e/xeA»/i/

yevearOai, e^ yg kuI 6 tov Aiog Aiovvcrog y'lyveTai.

Aiovvcros fJ-ev Stj Tp'tTog av airo Kci^/xou e'lrj^ kuto. 2

Aa^SuKOv TOV IloXvSwpov TOv HdSjULou TratSa •

sipaKXtjg oe 6 ^Apyeio? kut OiSiTroSa [xdXia-Ta tov

Aa'iov. (Te^ovai §e Kai AlyvirTioi aXXov 'lUpaKXea, ovv

ovirep Tvpioi tj "lSiXXt]veg, dXXd Xeyei ' JipoSoTog oti 3

T(t)v ooooeKa ueuiv H^a/cAta ayovaiv AiyuTTTioi, KaOdirep

Kai ^AOrjva'ioi Aiovvcrov tov A/09 Ka\ Ko'oj/? a-e/Sov-

(TiVy aXXov TOVTOV Aiovvcrov • kcu 6 "\aK-^og 6 julv(ttiko9

TOVTU) Tu> Aiovvcrw, ov-^i TM Or]^ai(p, CTraSeTai. wg 4

TOV ye ev liapTr](T(TU) irpog ^I^tjpwv TijULOofxevov 'Upa-

ANABA2:i2 II, 16. 91

kXcu, "iva KUi arriXaL Tive<i 'UpaKXeou^ awofxaafxevai

ei(Ti, SoKco e-yo) rov Tvpiov elvai 'HpuKXea, on ^oi-

viKcou KTicriULa »/ TapTt}(T(TO<; kui tm ^oivikwv pojixm

o T€ V€0)^ TreiroltjTai too npaKXel to) ckci kui ai

Oua-iai duouTUi. Ttjpvoi/rju Se, €(p' ovTiva 6 'Apyeios 5

'UpaKXrji ecrrdXi] tt/Oo? lE^upvcrOewg Tuy (Bovg aTreXacrai

Tu? Trjpvovov KOi ayayeiv e? ISlvK^jvaf, ovSev ti irpoa--

r]K€iv Til yi] Twv 'I(3)'ipoi}v '^Karaio? 6 Xoyoiroios Xeyei . 6

ovSe eTTi vijcrop Tiva 'l^pvOeiav e^w Ttj? fX€yaXt]<; OaXaa-art]^

(jTaXrivai 'HpuKXea, uXXa t^9 tjireipou rrjg irepl 'A/a-

^paKiav re Koi 'A/ac^zAo'^oi/? ^aaiXea yeveaOai Vijpvovi]V

Koi T^? €p rjirelpov tuvti]^ aireXaaraL 'UpaKXea tu?

/3oi'9, ovSe TOVTov (pavXov aOXov riOeixevov. oioa oe 7

e-yo) KUI el<i tovto en eujSoTov T>]v t/ireipov ravrrju

KOI ^ou^ Tpe(bovcrav KaXXiara^ ' kul h ^vpvaOea toov

jULeu e^ 'Hirelpou ^owv kXgo^ a<pc-^6ai koi rod ^acri-

Xewg T^9 'HTre/oou to ovofxa tov Vtjpvovrjv ovk e^w

TOO et'/coTO? TiOefxai • tmu Se la-^UTOov TrJ9 EujOWXJ??

'l/Bi'ipoov OUT dv TOV /SaaiXeco? to ovofia yiPOOCTKeiv

Kupva-Oea, ouTe el ^ovg KoXai ev Tf] X^j^*? TavTi]

I'efxoi/Tai, €1 /ill} Tf? Tijv "Upav T011T019 eTraycov, w?

avn/v ruvTa 'HpuKXei Si l^upvcrOeuxi CTrayyeXXovaav,

TO ov TricTTov TOV Xoyov airoKpuTTTeiv eueXoi no

fj-vdu).

To(^T6t) Tw 'HpuKXei T(p Tvpup e(pr] eOeXeiv Ovaai 8

^AXePavSpog. ft)? ^e aTDjyyeXOt] tovtu irpog twv

irpecr/Becou eig Tt]v TJoov, to. fxev aXXa eoo^e acpicri

iToieiv o Tt Treo eirayyeXXei 'AXe^avopog, €19 oe

Tt}v iroXiv fXi'iTe Tfva llepawv MTe MaKedoVcoi/

,<92 AAESANAPOY

SiyeaOai, w? toOto eV re to, irapovra tw Xoycc ev-

TToeTrecrrarov kcu e? tov TroXefXov Ttjv Kpiaiv,

AlexanoaS,]\ov eri oucrav, acrcpaXea-rarov (T(pi(Ti yevi]-

questto croaevov • 0)9 ^e ePnyyeXOr} ^AXePdvSpw tu gsacrifice to *5 ' ' -a i •

^

Heracles p/f '^^jg Tuoov, Tovg jui€v 'TrpecT^eig irpogrefused. ^

^ , , , , , > «, y-

op'y>]V OTTiao) aTreTre/A-y-ev. afro? oe ^yva-

'ya'vwi/ Toi;? re eTa'ipovs Kai Tovg tjye/j.oi'ag Ttjg

arpaTias Koi. Ta^iap-)(a9 koi iXdp-^ag eXe^ev &oe.

IV.

—

Sief/e of Tyre (17-24).

"A.vSp€i cbiXoi KOI ^vjj.jj.a'^oi, tjiua' oure ti]v eir XVII.

AlyviTTOv TTopelav aa-cjyaXtj opco OaXacrcroKpaTOvvTbiV

Weparwv, Aapelov re SicoKeiv viroXenroiJ.ivov^

Thecoun-aJ-y-jyi/ 7-^ OTTlCrO) Tf]V TCOV Tvpibov TToXlV djULCpl-

Alexander ^q\qi/ ^ai A'tyvTrTOV KOI ii.v7rpou eyoixevag

capture of ttoo? WepcTwv, ovoe TOVTO dcrcbaXeg eg re rd

dXXa Koi. jULoXiCTTa §»] eg to. 'EXXtjuCKU irpay-

IxaTa, [xi] iroT dpa eiriKpaTtja-avreg auOig tcov ein 2

6aXd(T(r>] ywp'iwv ol Ylepcrai, 'Kpo')(<jcipriordvTwv ^julcov ^vv

rj] Swdjuei cog eTTi Ba/SuXwj/a re koi Aapeiov, avroi ^vv

irXelovi (TToXu) fxeTayayoiev tov TroXejuov eg Ttjv rSKXaoa,

AaKeSaifxovicov [xev €k tov evOeog tjiJ-lv TroXejULOvvTcov, Ttjg

Se 'A^6t]va[o)v TToXecog (po^M /naXXov ti >; evvoia t>; irpog

^fxdg TToo? TO irapov KaTeyofxevrig. e^aipe6ei<Tt]g ve 3

Tvpou >/ re ^oti'iKt] eyoiTO dv Trucra kui to vavTiKOv

oirep TrXeccTTOP re kox KpdTKTTOV tov TiepcriKov, to ^oiv-

iKcov, Trap' rj/xag jueTa-^iopijcreiv eiKog • ov yap due^-

ovrat ovT€ ol eoeVai ovTe ol eTri^uTai ^oiviKeg i^o^evwv

ANABA3;i2 II, 17. 93

a-(pi(Ti Twv TToXedov avToi virep aXXcov TrXeoi're? kiv-

Svi/eveiv ' Ki/XiOO? oe ew) TwSe tj ov "^aXeTroog rj/juv

-Trpoa-vcopijcrei r] e^ eTrnrXov evjuapw? \i](pQy']creTai. Kai 4

Tai^ re e/c Ma/ce^ow'a? vavcri koi Tai9 ^oiplcrcraig TrXeoV-

Tcov rjixoov Trjv OdXacrcrau Kal KJttjOou cijiia irpocr'yei'o-

lJ.ivri<i OaXacraoKpaTolfJiiv re av ^ejSaim koi 6 e? A'tyv-rr-

Tov (TToXo? ev/m-apcos rjfxiv ev tuvtm yiyveTai. AHyvirrov

Se 7rapa(TTf]ijafjLevoi9 virep re r^? EXXat^o? koi Tfjs

oiKeiag ovSev eVi uttotttov VTroXenreTac, top Te eiri

J^a^v\wvo<s (TToXov yuera tov e? ra oikol ucrcpaXovs kui

Pvv fxeiYovi afxa a^iwcrei irotrjcrojuLeOa airoTeT[J-rj/J-evoL Ti'jv

T€ Oakacrcrav Ylepaticiv ^v/xiracrav kul Ttjv e-Ki raoe tov '

Eivcpparou yrjv.

Tavra Xeyoov ov ^aXeTrw? eireiOev eiriyeipeiv rr] Tvpo) ' XVII

Kai Ti Kai Belov aveireiOev avTOV, otl ivvTrnou avTijg

eKeLvr}<i t>]9 H'/cto9 eSoKei ai;T09 /w-eu tm Telyei

der's irpocrayeiv twv Tvpicou, tov Se H^a/cXe'a

dei^iovauai re ovtov Kai avayeiv eg Trjv iroAiv.

Kai TovTO e^rjyeiTO 'A^picrTavSpog co? ^vv ttovo) aXaxro-

fX€vt]v Ttjv Tvpov, oTi Ka\ TO. TOV 'HoaKXeov? epya

^vv TTOj/ft) eyeveTO. Kai yap kou fxeya epyov Ttjg

ivpov r] TToXiopKia e(paiveTO. vtjcrog re yap avTolg rj 2

Siege of 'Tr6Xi<i tjv Kai Teiyecriv v\^>]Xoh iravTrj w'^upo^TO •

^ ' Kai Ta airo OaXaara-t]'} ttoo? tmv ivpioov jmaXXov

Ti €v Tip TOT€ ecpaiveTo, Tcov T€ TLepacov €Ti OaXacr-

(TOKpaTovvTcov Kai avTOig Toig Tvpioiif veoov €Tl TToXXcov

Trepiova-oov.

12? oe TavTa ojucog eKpaTtjcre, ^Mf/.a eyvco -^covvv- 3

vai €K T»79 "jireipov co? eVi t>]v ttoXiv. ecrTi Se TropOfxos

94 AAEgANAPOY

revaycoSt]^ to yjapiov • koi ra fxev irpo^ rt} tj-weipM rtjg

9a\a(Ta-t]<s ^pa-^ea kul TrtjXdoSt] aurou, to. SeConstrue^

, , ^ ^ , „ ^ Q n'tion of a TTOOf aUTU TU TTOAei, tva TO paVVTaTOV TOOmolefrom „ , ^ ^ ,^ , ^ ^ Q 'amainland diaTTAov, Tpioop /ULaAiCTTa opyviwv TO paUof.

aWa XiOcov re ttoXXcov aipOona rjv kui vXrjg,

ijVTiva TOig \i9oi9 (ivcoOev eirecpopovv • ^(apaKeg re ou

^aXeTTw? KaTeTrrjyvuvTO ev rco injXo) Kai avTO^ o 7r>;Ao9

^uvSea-fiog toI^ XiOoi^ e? to iirifxeveiv eyiyveTO. kui 4

TrpoOujULia TMv Ma/ce^oVwi/ e<V to epyov Kai AXe^av-

Spov TToWr] yjv irapovTO^ Te auTOu Kai eKaa-Ta €^r]~

youjuei'ov koi to. /nev \6yu> eiralpoPTO?, tu oe kui

-^vfj-acri T0V9 tl eKirpeTrea-Tepov kut apeTijv ttouov-

lxivov<s €7riKOV(pi^ovTog. aXX' IcrTe fiev to irpo? t//

rjireipu) e-^wvvuTO, ov ^aXeTTW? irpovywpei to epyov,

eiri ^dOo? T€ oXlyov -^iovvvjULevov Koi ovdepo? e^eip-

yovTog. wg Se tm Te (BaduTepcp "j^t] eireXaCov kui 5

djma Tt] TToXei avTt] e'y'yf9 eyiyvovTO, airo Te twv

TeLywv, u\l/r]Xwv ovTwv, jSaXXofxei/oi eKaKOTraOovu,

OLTe Ka\ eir epyama muXXov Ti tj cog e? f/.a)(>]V uKpi-

^w? ea-TuXjUiei'oi, Koi Taig Tpiripecnv aXXt] kui aXXij

Tov ywjj.UTog eTrnrXeoi'Teg ol Tvpioi, (iVe ot] daXacrcro-

KpaTOvvTeg eTi, airopov TroXXa^^ Trjv irpocryuxTiv Tolg

MaKeSocrii/ eTroiovv. koi ol MuKeSoveg irvpyovg 6

eiravti) tov yw/J-UTog, 6 tl irep 7rpoKe-)(wp}'iKeL avToig

eirl TToXv Ttjg OaXdara-t]';, eireaTricTav ^vo kui ixiiyavag

eiTL To'ig TTupyoig. TrpoKaXv/ii/jLaTa Sh Seppei? kul

SicpOepaL auToIg r/arav, cog /h^tc 7rvp(p6poLS (BeXecriu

CLTTO TOV Te'i-yovg ^oXXeaOai, T019 Te epyaXoixevoig

TrpojSoXrjv ev t(o avTM etvai irpog Ta To^evfxaTa ' a/Aa

AXABA2I2 II, 19. 95

re bcroL Trpo(T7r\eovTe<i toov Tvp'uov e^XaiTTOv rovg

)(U)VwvTa<i , awo twv irvpyoov /BaXXojuevoi ov vaXeTrcog

avaaTaXi'ja-ecrdaL ejueWou.

Ot oe Tvpiot irpof ravra avrijULrj-^avcovTai TOiouSe. XIX.

vavv LTncayoiyov KXtjfJLarcoi' re ^rjpwu Koi. aAA>/? vXtjg

ev(p\eKTOu e/uirXijcravTeg ovo icttov? iirl Tt]

Tyrians irputpa KaraTrtjyvvoucn Kai ev kvkXm TrepKppdcrcr-

the mole, ov(jiv e? bcTov jULUKpoTaTov, o)? (popuTou re

artillery TavTj] Kai SaSa^ oaa^ TrXe/crra? Se^acrOai •

on it.' '

S' ' ' ^ a ~ ^ " -AA '

irpog de in(7(jav re Kai ueiov Kai oaa aWa e?

TO TrapaKaXea-ai /neyaXijv (pXoya eir] ravrt] eirecpopi]-

auv. TTapereivav Se Ka\ Kepaiav SnrXtji' eir] Toh Icttois 2

afX(poTepoL<f, Ka\ airo ravTtjg i^/jprtja-au h Xe/Srjcriv ocra

eiTi-)(u6ePTa ;; €7ri/3Xi]6euTa eir]. fxeya Ttjv cbXoya e^dyLeiu

e^eXXeu. ep/j-ara re e? rhv Trpvjuvav eveQecrav, rod epapai

e/9 v^o<i Tr}v irpcppav Trie^ojueiftjii Kara irpv/jLvav Trjs

I'eco?. eireiTa ave/JLOV T}]prja-aPTe^ wg tiri to )((ojuLa 3

tTTKpepovTa e^a\^avTe9 Tpnjpeai ti}P vavv KaT ovpdv

cIXkov. o)? de eTreXa^ov >}§t] tu> re ^to/xaxi Ka\ toi?

TTvpyoi^, TTvp efxlSaXovTe? eig Tt]u uXijv Kai co? (3iai6-

TaTa ajua Tal^ Tpo'/pecriv eTraveXKvcrai'Tei t^jp vavv

ev(T€LOV(Tiv (iKpw Tw -^^wjULaTi ' avTOi Se ol ev tij vrfi

Kaiojueuu tjotj e^evi'/^avTO ov -^aXeTru)?. koi ev tovtw rj 4

Te CpXo^ TToXXtj eveTTiTTTe Tof? TTvpyoi^ Kai ai Kepaiai

irepiKXacruelcrai e^ey^eav eg to irvp ocra h e^a\|/^/i/ t»/9

(pXoyog TrapefTKevacr/ueia t)v. ol Se diro tmv Tpitjpcov

7rXr](Tiov Tov -^M/uaTO? aj'a/fw^ei/o^re? eTO^evov e?

Tovi^ irvpyovg, w? /ul}] acrCpaXeg eivai ireXacrai otroi

(T^ecTTiipiov TL Tt] (pXoy} eirecpepov. Kai ev tovtw 5

G

96 AAESANAPOY

Kareyoixevcav f}S>] ck tov irvpo? roop irvpyiav eK^pa-

fjLOVTe^ €K Ti]? TToAeo)? TToWot KUi c? KeX/jTia eju/Sdv-

re? aWt] Kai aWt] eiroKeLXauTe^ tov "^cojuaro^ tov

T€ yapaKa ov ;^^aXe7^co? Siecnracrav tov irpo avTov

7rpo^€^\rjjU€vov Kai tu? /mrj-^ava^ ^vjULTraa-a^ KUTecbXe-

^av ocra^ /nr] to airo Tij? vecog irvp eTrecryev. 'AXt^av- 6

Spo<i Se TO re ^w/xa airo r/y? rjirelpov ap^aiuevovg

ifKaTVTepov '^oovvvvai, wg irXeovag Se^acrOai irvpyovg,

Koi Toug jULtj-^avoTTOiovg [xij-^avag aWag KaTaa-Kevateiv

CKeXeucrev. wg oe TavTa irapecTKevaCeTO, avTog Tovg

VTracnrKTTag avaXa^oov Kai Tovg 'A^ypiuvag ctt] 2<^w-

vog ecTTaXt], cog aOpoKTWv cKec ocrai >jSt] ^jcrav avTW

Tpiijpeig, OTL a-TTOpcoTepa tu Ttjg TroXiopKiag icbacveTO

OaXacrcroKpaT0VVT(t)v tmv Tupiwv.

'Ej^ tovto) oe YijpocTTpaTog re o 'ApdSov /SacriXevg XKai "EvuXog 6 Bu/SXov wg ejuaOov Tag iroXeig crcbociv

Alexander^"^^ 'AXe^avSpov eyofxevag, cnroXiTTOVTeg Av-

ens^hfs*° TocppaSoLTijv T€ Kul Tag ^uv avTM veag Trap*

fleet. ^AXe^avSpov cruv Tw vavTiKW tm crcbeTepcp

a<piKOVTO KOI at tcov ^iSmvuov Tpn'ipeig crvv avTocg, wcrre

^oiviKwi fxev vtjeg oySoi'jKovTa fiaXicTTa avTtpTrapeyevovTO.

rJKOV oe ej^ to?? avTaig tj/mepaig Ka\ e'/c PoSov Tpn'/peig 2

)'/' T€ irepiTToXog KaXoufievrj Kai Pvv TavTU aXXai evvea,

Kai €K ^oXwv Ka) AvKiag SeKa, eK Ma/ce^ow'a? ^e irevTr]

KOVTopog, e(p' TJg TIpMTeag 6 'AvopoviKou eweTrXei. ov 3

TToXXw §' vaTepov Kai ol Tijg J^vTrpov ^aaiXelg eg Ttjv

^iSoova KaTcaryov vava-'iv ckutov judXicrTa koi eiKoa-iv,

eireiSr] tyjv T€ rjartrav Ttjv /car' 'Icrcrov Aapeiov eirvOovTO

Kul tj ^oiviKf] Trdaa eyo/mevr] t}§rj vir ^AXe^dvSpou

ANABASIS II, 20. 97

€(p6/3ei avTOV'i. Kai TOUTOi? iracriv eScoKCU 'AXe^avSpo?

aoeiav tcov nrpocrOev, oti vtt avayKtjg /xaXXoV ti >] kutu

yvwjULtjv T)]V (T<pu)v eSoKOUu PvvTa'^yjvai T019 Tlepcraig eg

TO VaVTlKOV.

'Ej/ 5) §€ al T€ ixiiyavaL uvtm PvveTrt'jyvvvTo kul at 4

vt]eg (0? elg e-KniKovv t€ kui vavij.a-^iag airoireipav

€p)]pTVOVTO, ev TOVTM Se avaXa^oov tmu re linriwv

Wag ecTiv a? Kai Tovg ^Aypiavag re kui Toug TO^OTag

eir 'A.pa^Lag crTeWeTai etg tov^

A-VtiKl^civov koXou-

fxevov TO opog ' Koi tu /nev ^la toov TavTt] e^eXoJv, tu 5

^e ofioXoyia irapaa-Ti^craiJ.evog eV ^e'/ca ^juepatg eirav-

riyev eig Tt]v ^iSwva, Koi. KaToXajUi/Sauei J^XeavSpov

TOV JIoXejiioKpaTOug €k TleXoTrovvi'irrou {jkoptu koi ^vv

avTM /ijt.i(T0od)6poug"J^WT]vag eg TeTpaKig-)(^i\lovg.

'Qg §e (TVi'eTeTaKTO avTM to vavTiKOu, eiri/Si^aa-ag 6

Toig KaTa(TTpu)/j.aG-i toou viraa-iTKTTMv ocroi Ikuioi eoo-

He offers'^'^^^ ^^ '^^ epyou, €1 jULi] SieKirXoig fxaXXov ti j?

battle • the ' ^ ' ' ' sr i ~Ddiuc, iiic^^ yepcriv }] vav/j-ayia ytyvoiTO, apag eK T//9

refuse."ZiiSowog fTTeVXet T>; Tvpo) ^vvTeTayixevaig

vav(Tiv avTog fxev kutu to Se^iov Kepag, o orj eg to

ireXayog avTw avei-)^e, Ka\ ^vv avTW o"i re }\v7rpiu)v

jSaariXeig Kai ocroi ^oivikoov, 7r\t]v TLvuTayopov. ovTog

Se Kai J^puTepog to evdofu/ULOv Kepag el-^ov Ttjg Tracrtjg

Tafewg. Tolg Se Tvploig irpoTcpov juev vavixayelv 7

eyvcocrjuLevov t)v, ei kutu OaXaTTav eTmrXeoi acpicriv

'AXe^avSpog. totc Se 7rXt]6og vewv ttoXv airpocrooKr]-

Tcog KaTiSovTeg (ou yap irco ireirvcrtxevoi tja-av Tag

re J^iiTrplcov vavg koi Tag ^oivlkwv ^vjULiracrag 'AXe^-

avSpov eyovTo) Kai d/na ^vvTeTayiui.evcog tov eTrnrXov 8

98 aae;e?anapoy

yiyvofxevov (oAt-yoi yap irpLv Trpocra-^eiv t^ iroXei

aveKwyevaav en ireXayiai al ^vv 'AXe^ai/opco i^Tje?,

e'l TTW? apa eg vavixa-^iav roi/? ivpiovg irpoKoXea-aivTO,

eirena ovtu) PvvTaPaiJ.evoi, w? ovk avTavriyovTO, ttoXXm

TU) poOup exeVXeoi') raura opcovTeg oi ivpioi vav-

ixa-^e'iv fj.ev aireyvcocrav' Tpn'/pecri oe ocrag tmu Xi/xevuiv

TO. (TTOfxaTa e^eyovTO ^\j(r]v tov eo'irXovv (j)pa^a/ui.evoi

ecbuXacrcroi', w? jur] eg twv Xijuefoou Tiva eyKaOop/miaOrjvat

TtJOV TToXejULUOV TOV (TToXoV.

'AXePavSpog ^e, wg ovk avTavi'^yovro ol ivpioi, 9

eTreirXei tyj iroXei kui eg fxev tov Xijiieva Tov

TToog ^lOMVog BaxCea-Qai aireyvo) oiu <TTev-The / „ , ^ „blockade oT)]Ta TOV (TTOjULaTog Kui cijua avTiTrpo)-by sea , ^ . . , ^ , ,

nowestab= poig Tpojpem TToXXuig opo)v irecppayfievovlished. X ., , - 5, X ,^ . , ,

TOV ecrirXovv * Tpeig oe Tag e^wTaro) ecpop-

fjLovcrag T>p (TTOfxaTi Tpn'jpeig irpomrearovTeg ol ^olviKeg

Koi avTiTrpcopoi eju/SaXovTeg KaTaSvovcrtv ' ol Se ev

Taig vavcr}v ov "^aXeiraig UTrevi'i^avTO eg tvjv ytjv,

(piXiav ovaav ' TOTe fxev 6>] ov iroppu) tov ttoiijtov I

O

vcojuaTog kcitu tov aiyiaXov, \va cr/cex?; tcjov avefxwv

echaiveTO, ol avv 'AXe^avSpo) wp/ULicravTO. Tt] oe

va-Tepaln Tovg juev Ki/xjo/of? ^vv Taig crcbeTepaig

vavcr] Kai ^Avopo/u.a'^w tw vavap'^co kutu tov Xifxeva

TOV e/c ^locovog (pepovTU cKeXeucrev ediop/meiv t>/

TToXei, Tovg Se ^oiviKug kutu tov e7r' CKeiva tov

^dojuaTog TOV irpog AHyvTTTOv ave-^ovTa, "iva kol avTw

ij (TK>]vrj ijv.

"H^^/ (5e Km iui.}]j(avo7roicov avT(p iroXXwv e/c re Ki'vr- XXI,

pov Koi ^oiviKijg diracDjg crvXXeXeyfxevwv ju>]-^avai TroXXai

AXABASIS II, 21. 99

(TviuTreTnj'yjULevai i/crap, ai fxep eiri too -^oo/JLaTO?, ai

Alexan^ 06 CTTl TU)V CTTTrCiywywU Vecou, U9 €K 2iOWI'09

der's new " ?'' fn\i\-^ ^ rr

g.^ ^afxa OL eKOjuicrei', at oe eiri twv Toajpcov oarac

engines. avTwu ou Ta^vavToduai ijcrav. d'? (5e irapecr- 2

KevacTTO fjot] PvjuiravTa, irpocrriyov ra? /x>/^a^a9 kutu

T€ TO TTOliJTOV ^(^WfXa KUl UTTO TWV V€WV CtW}] KUl

aXXij Tou Te/^ouf TrporropixiCotxivoov re /caJ uTroTreipoo-

IXeVWV TOO T€l-)(OV^.

Ot de Tiyyotof eirl re rwi^ eTrdXPeoov twv Kara to 3

"X^M/uLa TTvpyovi ^uXn'ov? €7re(TTt]crai', w? WTrojULa-^ecrOai utt'

avT(>n>, KUl e'l tt)] aXXt] at jj.ri'vavai Trpoa/jyovTO,Ingenious

' a. / /

defensive l^eXem re tjjULVi'oi^TO Ka] 7rvp<p6poi9 oicTTOigmeasures ^^ ^^ ^ ^ „ rn '

of tiie epaXXov avTu^ Tag vavg, waTe (bopov irape'^eivbesieged. - iv r 5" ' ><^ -- i •? cv>

TOi? MaKeoocri TreXareiu tm Tei-^ei. ijv oe 4

avTOtg Kai ra Teivi] KaTU to VM/uLa to tc v\j/og ei?

irevTr'i ra koi eKUTOv niaXicrTa iroSa? ku] e? TrXarop

^vjujucTpov XiOoi? fxeydXoig ev yvy^co Keifxevoig ^vjulttc-

irrjyoTa. Talg Se linrayooyoig T€ koi Taig Tpii'ipecri tmu

MaKeoovcov, ocrai Tag jmij-^avag Trpocrtjyov Tip Tei-^ei, koi

TavTij ovK euTTopov eyiyveTO xeXaTeiv Tt] TroXei, OTi

XiOot TToXXo] eg TO ireXayog irpo^e^Xruxivoi e^eipyov

avTwv Trjv eyyvg 7rpocrl3oXi']V. Ka\ TOVTOug ^AXe^avS- 5

pog eyvM f^eXKvcrai e/c Trjg OaXaacrtjg ' rjuveTO oe

-^aXeTTCvg tovto to epyov, ola ci] airo I'ccoi' koi ovk

UTTO ytjg jSe^alou yipojuevov, aXXcog Te Kai oi Tvpioi

I'avg KUTachpu^auTeg wapa Tag ayKvpag eTrrjyov Tcou

Tpitjpcov Kai vTTOTefxvovTeg Tag a-^olvovg tociv ayKV-

p(jdv airopov Ti]v TrporropiJ.KTiv Talg iroXejjLiaig vavcriv

eiroLovv. ^AXe^ai'Spog Se TpiaKOVTopovg TroXXag eg tov 5

100 aae;57Anapoy

avTOV TpoTTOv (ppai^a^ eTrecrTtjcreu eyKapaiaii irpo tcov

Alexan° ayKupcou, CO? VTT avToov avacTTeWeaOai tovder sue- ''^ '^ " '^^^ ^.^ » i \ceedsin eTnirXovv Twv vecov. aWa Kai w? vmaAoi

8hfps"up'to'^oXufx^tjrai. rag a"^oli'ov9 avroig virereixvov.

the walls. '?''\' '^ ' ' \i/ot oe a/Kvcrecriv uvri cryoLvwv eig rag ayKupa^

yjpwixevoi, ol Ma/ce^oVe?, Kadiecrav, cocrTe /uLijSeu en irXeov

To'is Ko\vfx(3>]Taig yiyvecrOai. e^uTTTOvreg ovi/ /Bpo^ov? 7Tuiv XiOcov airo too ybjfxaro^ avea-irwv avrov? 'iPw Tfj?

daXacra-r}^ • eireira fxrj-^auak /merewpLcravTe? Kara BaQov<s

a(pieaav, "iva omeri 7rpo^€^\t]ij.'evoi /3\a\|/e<v ejmeXXov.

OTTOv oe KaQapov Treiro'ojTO tcov 'rrpo^oXcou to reivo?, ov

^aXeTTUxf tjot] TauTrj at I'Tjeg wpocrei-vov.

Ot oe ivpLoc, Trai'Tr] uiropoi yiypo/xevoi, eyvcocrai/ eir't- 8

irXow TroojcracrOai Tats K^vTrpiaig vavcriv, at kuto. tov

Attack Xifieva ecpwp/jiovv tov e? St^w^a TeTpa/ujuevoVby the ' ^^"5' ' ^ \ ' ^

Tyrians ^'^ TToAAov d>] KaTa7r€TacravT€9 tov Xifxevog toon the r f r \ \ J ^ I r\ -^

Cyprian ^-'rofj.a i(TTLOL<s, TOV fxr] KaTamavt] yevecruai tcov

fleet ^ ^ "X' ^J^' * f

blockading '^P^'lpo^v 'Tnv -TrXjjpwa-iv, afxcpi fxecrov rjfxepas,

the '' '' ^ ?\\i .5RSidoni n

OTTOTe OL T€ VaVTQl CTTl TU uvayKGia CCTKeda-

harbour.(j-fxevoi ^crav Kai ^AXe^avSpog ev tovtm fxd-

XicTTa airo tov eifi OaTepa T>]f Tro'Aeco? vuvtckov exJ

Triv (TKtjvtjv UTre-^copei, TrArjpioaavTei TrevT^ipeig /mev Tpeig o

Kai TeTpi'jpeig 'icra?, Tpn'/petg Se eirTO. C09 aKpi/Bea-TaTOis

T€ Tolg 7rXt]pu)fxa(Ti ku] toI^ utto twv KaTacrTpcojuL-

UTWV fx-a-^ecrOai /aeXXovcriv evoirXoTaToi^ koi d/ma Kai

evdapcrecTTaTois e? tov? vavTiKov(; aym>va?, to. fxev

TrpwTa aTpe^a t^ etpea-la eirl /uliu? vece? i^evrXeov avev

KeXevcTTWv tu? KCOTra? 7rapa<pepovTeg * w? Se eir-

ecTTpecpov tjd>] eir] tov? K.v7rpiovg Kai ey-yL/? tov Kado-

ANABA2I2 II, 22. 101

pacrOai ^](Tav, Tore Si] ^vv /3or] re TroWt] Kai eyKe\ev(Tfia)

e? aAX>/Xou9 KOI d/ma t?/ eipecria ^uvrovui eirecpepovro.

^vve^r] §e eKeiuij juev rrj rj/jiepa 'AXe^apSpov axo^o)- XXII,

prja-ai eirl ri]V crKrjv^v, ov Siarpi^^avra Se Kara ro

Successful€^(^^og, Si oXiyov e-TTL ra's vav^ eTraveXOecv. ot 2

th"b''.^^e Tvpioi Trpoa-Trea-ovre? cnrpocrSoKj'iro)? raig

sieged,vavaii^ 6p/Jiov(rai^, Ka] rah iJ-ev iraprt] Kevaig

€Tnrvv6vre<s^ rwv S' vir avr>]v T^v (3or]v Kai rov eiri-

TrXovu YaXe7r«9 ck roov irapovreov 7rXt]pou/u.ei/ct)v, rrjv

re TLvvrayopov rov /Sao-iXew? Trevry'jpt] evOv^ viro rrj

Trpcorf] efj.^o\i] Kar'eSvcrav /cal rijv 'Aj^djOO/cXeou? rov

'AjuaOova-lov Ka] rrjv Tlaa-iKpdrov? rov J^ovpiews, rag

Se aXXa? eg rov aiyiaXov e^coOovvreg eKOirrov.

'AXePavSpog Se cog fjcrOero rov cKirXovv rwv Tvp'iwv 3

rpitjpSiv, rag jmev TroXXug rwv ^vv avrw vecov, oirwg

eKaarrr] TrXrjpcoOeir], eir'i ro' crro^ari rovbut

^ , / V >» ' » ^ ""\ ^Alexander Xifievog avaKwyeveiv era^ev, to? ^xt] Kai aAAaiintercepts , , '^ rr^ r - , \ n\

their eKTrXevcreiav rwv i vpiwv vrieg * avrog oe irev-

vessels. xc,, ''•'\/0^ \^njpeig re rag p^v avru> avaAapoov Kai rwv

rpirjpwv eg irevre fxdXicrra, ocrai eipOrjaav avrw Kara

rd-vog TrXfjpwOeicrai, TrepieirXei r>]V ttoXiv wg eiri rovg

eKireirXevKorag rcov Tvpicav. oi oe airo rov rei-^ovg, 4

rov re eiriTrXouv rwv TroXejULicov Karioovreg Kai AXe^avo-

pov avrov ewi rcov vetov, /3o^ re eiravdyeiv eveKeXevovro

roig eK rcov (rcherepcov vecov Kai cog ovk e^aKOVcr-

rov >jv v-TTO Bopv^ov ^vve-^ojxevoov ev rw epyo), atj^ieioig

dXXoig Kai aXXoig eireKoXovv eg rt]V dva-)(y}pt](Tiv.

oi Se 6\^e -wore aiaOoiuLevoi rov eirnrXovv rwv afxcp

AX'e^avSpov virocrrpe-^avreg elg rov Xi/J.eva ecpevyov. 5

102 AAESANAPOY

Kai oXiyai juev twu vecov (bOavoucriv vTreKdyvyovcrai, Tai9

Se TrXeiocriv ept-jSaXoCa-ai ai Pvv ^AXe^dvSpcp ra? fiev

avTwv cnrXov? eTTonjcrav, TrevTypt]'! Se T19 Kai Terp^prj^

avTioi^ eir uvtm tco cTTOjuaTi Tov Xi/nevog eXy'jcbOija-ai'.

cpovog o€ Twv cTTi^aTcov ov TToiXv? cyeveTO. fa)? y^P

IjcrOovTO ej^Ojueva^ Tag vav? UTrei'tj^avTO ov ^aXe'Trwg e?

TOV Xijuei'a.

Q? oe ovoejiiia cti TOig Tvpioi? e/c twu vecov uxpeXeia 6

^v, eTtrjyov i/or] ol Ma/ceoot/e? Ta<; jULij-^avag tw Te[-)(ei

avTCO. KUTO. uev S>] to ycoixa TrpoarayoaevaiHe brings „ , \ , ^ , V'nx „ „ >

his.artiN Via l(T'^V TOV TCf^OVg OVOeV ijVVOV 6 Tt KUlleryto ,

, , ,

bearonthe Aoyov a^lOV ' OL oe KttTa TO TTpog 2^tOft)l'a

walls. , „ ,. ^ ^ ^TeTpaju/nevov r/;? TroXeai? tcov vecov Tivag tcov

IULt]-^avo<popcov irpocTijyov. oog §e ovSe tuvtij >jvvev, e? 7

TO irpo? voTOV au ave/mov kui irpo's AHyvwTov aveyov

Teiyo<i fj-eTyei, iravTt] airoireiptafxevog tov epyov. Kai

evTavOa irpociTOv KaTea-eiaOij re to tci-^o? eiri jueya

Kai Ti Kai KaT}]pei<p6t] avTOv Trapappayev. TOTe /nev

St] bcrov e7ri(3aX(.ov yecbvpa? ij eptmiiTTO tov Teiyov^,

aTreTreipaOi] e? oXlyov Tijg irpoalSoXtjg • /cat oi Tvpioi

ov ^aXeTTcog aireKpovcravTO tovi; M a/ce(5oj/a9.

TpiTU ^^ ^'^^ TaiJT>]? t]iJ-epa V)]ve/uLiav Te (puXa^ag XXIII

Kat TrapaKaXea-a? tov? i'jye/movag twv TU^ewv e? to

Tyre epyov ewtjye tvj iroXei eiri twv veS)v Tag/^'/X'^"

cantured. ' \ '^ i / ^ t^vag, Kai irpooTa fiev KaTea-eicre tov Tei-^ovg

eirl ixeya. to? ^e airoyjpiiiv eh irXaTog e(pavt] to irapep-

prjyfxevov, Ta9 fJ-ev fxyj-^avocpopovg vavg eiravayeiv eKeXev-

crev 6 Se §vo aXXag eirrjyev, d\ Tag yed)vpag avTW 2

ecbepov, a? Si] eTri^dXXeiv eirevoei Tip KaT€pp}]yiuLev(p tov

ANABASIS II, 23. 103

Tei-^ovg. Kai Trjv fxev [xiav tuiv vewv oi viraa-maTai

eAa/3ov, 1} eireTeTaKTO ' A.6/ut]T0g, TrjV eTepav oe >/

KotVou Ta^i<i 01 ireXeraipoi KoXovjULevoi koI avro^

^uu Toi? VTracnricTTaig eTTi^Jja-ecrOai tou Tclj^ovg ij ira-

pe'iKOL e/xeWe, tvl^ Tpujpet? oe rug fxev eTrnrXeiu Kara. 3 •

Toug Xifj.ei'ag ajiicboTepovg cKeXevireu, ei ircog irpog (T(hug

TeTpajUfxevoov tu>u Tvpiwv ^idcrawTO tou ecnrKovv ' ocrai

oe avTwu /3eX>7 utto /mtj'^avMv /SaXXo/xera .el'^ov 5/ ocrai

To^ora? eTTi twv KaTacrTpcojiiaTwu efpepov, ravTug Se

€KeXev(T€v ev kvkXco TrepiTrXeova-a? to rei-^o? CTroKeXXeiu

T€ oiri] irapeiKOi Km avaKco'^eveiv evTO? /BeXovg, ecTTe to

cTTOKeiXai airopov yiyvoiTO, co? iravTa-^oOev /SaXXofie-

vovg TOUi Tvpioug ev tw oeivui ajUL(pi/36Xovg ylyvea-dai.

'ii? oe OLL re vrjeg at ^vv 'AXe^auopo) wpoaecryov 4

Tu TToXet Kai at yecpvpai eTre^XijOtjcrav rw Tei-vei air'

avTcou, evTUvOa oi vTracnricTTai evpwcrTws Kara Tav-

ra? avej^aivov e7r) to t€1-^o<;^ o Te yap "A.S/UDjTog avljp

ayaOog ev tm totc eyeveTO Kai u/ua AXe^afooo? e7-

TreTO avTOig, tou Te epyou avTov KcipTepcog uTTTOjue-

vog Kai OeaTrjg twv aXXcov otw ti XajUTrpov kut

apeTrjv ev tm kivSvvo eToXjxaTO. Ka\ Tai^T?; TrpcoTOV

I)eireTeTaKTO 'AXe^avSpog eX/jCpOi] to Tfi-)(^og, ov 5

yaXeTTW? uTroKpovcrOevTMv aTr' avTOv tmv lupiwv,

eireiSi] irpooTOV (3e^aup Te koi Ujua ov TravTr] airoTOfxu)

Til irpocr^acrei e-^prfo-avTO oi Mafce^oVe?. /cat ' Ao/xj/to?

fxev, TrpwTog eTTi/Sug tov TeiYovg Kai Toh ajud) avTov

eyKeXevo/xevog eiri^alveiv, l3Xt]6elg ^oy^>] airoOvijcTKei

avTOu ' eTTi Se avT(o ^AXe^avSpog «rp(e to Tel-^og ^vv g

TOf9 eTaipoig. wg Se ei'^ovTO uutm irvpyoi Te ecTTiv oz

104 AAEgAXAPOY

KOI fxeraTTunyia, avrog /uev irapyjei Sia toov eiroX^euiv w^

€70. TO. ^arrlXeta, on Tavry eviropwTepa ecpacvero 69

Tfjv TToXiv rj KaOooog.

Oi ^e eirl toou vewv, o'l re ^olviKe? Kara rov X//xeva XXIV.

Tov TTOOi A.iyvTTTOu, KuO^ oviTep Kai eipopmovuTeg ervy-

Massacre X^^^^' ^^(^'^^^l^^^oi Koi TO. KXeiOpa oiaonracrav-

bv the *' ' /-''>-\f ^ \

j^ 2 ^ Tf? eKOTTTOv Tai; I'cwg ev tu> Aifxevi, tuis /meu

nians./meTewpoi? e/jt/3a\Xoj'Te9, rag Se eg Tt]v ytjv

epooOoui'Teg, koi 01 K.V7rpioi Kara tov aXXov Xifxeiia

TOV CK '^iSoovog (pepovra, ovSe KXeiOpov tovtov ye

e-vovTa, eicnrXeucravTeg elXov evOug TavTtj Ttjv ttoXiv.

TO Se TrXrjOog tmv Tupicov to /mev Teiyi(og, cog e^o- 2

[xevov elSov, eKXeiTrova-iv. aOpoicrOevTeg oe Kara to

'A.yriv6piov KoXov/xevov eir'ecTTpe^av TavTtj eiri Tovg

^aKeSovag. koi ^AXe^avSpog ^vv Toig vTracnncTTatg

eiri TOVTOug ^cop/jcrag Tovg /mev avrov fxa-^ojuevovg

Sce'cbOeipev auTwv, Toig §e (pevyovcriv e<penr€TO. Kai 3

(hovog >/v TToXvg^ tuiv re airo tov Xifxevog eyovTOiv '>]6y]

Tt]v TToXiv Kai Ttjg K.01VOU TU^ecog TrapeXtjXvOuiag eig

auT)]v. opyij yap ej^wpovv ein ttuv oi Ma/cfdove?, Trjg

re TToXiopKiag Tr] Tpi^r] a-^^Oo/xevoi Ka). oti Xa^ovTeg

Tivag avTuiv 01 Tvpioi irXeovTag eK Zjiowvog eiri to

Tei-vog ava^i^acravTeg, oTrwg cittotttov e'ltj airo tov

crTpaTOTreSov, (rSd^avTeg eppiyp^av elg Tt]v OaXacrcrav.

aireOavov Se twv /mev '^Fvpicov eg oKTaKia-^iXiovg twv 4

^laKeSovcov Se ev ti) TOTe Trpoa-^oXt] ' AS/xtjTog re, 6

irpcoTog eXu)v to Tei-^og, avi]p ayaOog yevofxevog, Kai ^uv

avTM e'lKocri tcov vTraa-TriCTTWv ' ev Se ttj iraa-r] iroXiopKia

/ndXicTTa eg TeTpaKOcriovg.

ANABASIS II, 25. 105

Toig Se eg to lepov tov HpuKXeovg Karacbvyoua-iu 5

(t](Tav Se avTwv re tosv Lvpicav ol juaXicrTa ev reXei Koi

Aiexan- ^ ^acTiXevg 'A^e/iiXKO? Kcu K.ap-)(}]Sov[oov Tiveg

rfficeto*^"Oeiopo] 6? Tifxrjv TOO 'UpaKXeov? Kara Si'} riva

Hercules,i/qixov iraXaiov ei"? T^t]V jutjrpoTroXiv acbiKO/xe-

uoi) TOVTOig PvjULTraa-iv aoeiav olSocxxiv 'AXe^avopo? *

T0V9 Se aXXov<; >]vSpa7r6Si(Te, koi eirpaOrjaav Tvplwv t€

Kai Twv Pevwv ocroi eyKareX/jCpdrjcrav, ixaXicrTa e?

Tpi(Tfxupiov?. 'AXe^avopo? oe Tcp JipaKXei eOvcre re 6

Koi. "Trofxiriju ecTTeiXe ^vv tij ouva/mei wrrXicriJ.evri • km ai

j/^e? ^vveTTOfXTrevcrav tu) 'UpaKXei, kui aywva yvjuviKov

ev Tip lepip Koi. Xa/*xaoa eirolrjcre ' koi tiju [xrj-^avrjv

f]TO Tel'^og KaTecTeicrOr] aveOtjKev eig tov vewv • Kai

Tt]U vavv Trjv Tuplav Tt]u lepav tov Hyoa/cXe'01/9, j'/V-

Tiva ev TM ex/vrXw eXa/Se, kui TavT}]v tw JripaKXei

aveOrjKe Kai eiriypa/UL/uia ctt' clvth, >; avTO'S ironjcrag

>; OTOU St] aXXov 7rot>7(Taj/T09, ovk a^iov /xvijiJit^q to

eiriypaixfia ' Sia tovto koi eyw avTO avaypa^ai

cnnjPiccKTa. Tvpog fxev or} ovtco'^ eaXo) eiri ap-^ovTO?

'A.viK}]TOU ' A.6i']vr](Ti /xrjvog EiKaTOjUL/Saicovog.

"Eri ^e €v T^ TToXiopKia t^? Tvpov ^vve'yoixevov XX

V

'AXepavSpov aCpiKOVTO irapa Aapeiov irpe(T^ei<i ws

avTov, airayyeXXovTeg juvpia /uev TaXavTaAlexander , , ^ , ^ < v , ^

rejects the VTTep T>/? fxtjTpog Te Kui Tt]9 yvvaiKog Kai TWV

posais of"

TraiSwv Souvai eOeXeiv ^AXe^avSpio AapeioV Ttjv

Darius. rn / -- ' ' ^ 'C ' / ' ^de -veopav Tracrav tijv evTog tjvcppaTou TroTafxov

ecTTe eir\ OdXacraav Tfjv '^XXrjviKrjv 'AXe^avSpov eivai •

yi]fxavTa Se t>]V Aapeiou ira'iSa ^AXe^avSpov (piXov tc

eivai Aapeiip Kai Pu/ixjULa-^ov. Ka) tovtoov ev rw ^uXXoyia 2

106 AAE^E^AXAPOY

Toov cTaipoov airayyeXOevTCOv TLaofxevloova niev Xiyoviriv

'A.Xe^ai'opo) elirelv on avTog dp AXe^ai'Ooo? cov eirl

TOVTOi^ }]ya7r>]cre KaToXvcra? top TroXejULOV /uajKeTi ttooctu)

KipSvveveiv ' 'A.\e^apSpov Se TIapiiJ.ei'iwpi airoKplvaa-Qai

OTL Kai avT09 ui', eiTrep TLapjueviwv >)v, ovtco? eirpa^ev,

eirei oe AXe^ai'opo? eaTiv, airoKpLvecrOai Aapei(i) avrep

ot] Kai aireKp'wuTO. e(p)j yap ovre •^pt^ixarruiv SeicrOai 3

irapa Aapeiov ovre Ttj? "^^copa^ \a/3eiv avri r^f irdcrt]^

TO fxepog ' eivai yap ra tc ^jOJ/jUara Kai ti]v yo)pav

avTov irarrav ' ytj/uLal re dv eOeX}] Ttjv Aapeiov iraiSa,

y>]juai dv Kai ov oioovTO? Aapeiov ' cKeXeve re avTov

i'jKeiv, e'l Ti evpea-Qai eOeXoi (piXavOpcoirov 'Trap' avTOv.

Tavra wg '/jKOvcre Aapeio?, Tas [J-ev ^uju^acreig aireyvw tu?

TTjOO? AXe^avopov, ev Trapaa-Kev?] Se tov TroXefxov avOii ijv.

AXe^ai'dpo? oe eir' A^iyvKTOv eyvw Troieia-Oai tov 4

aToXov. Kui t]v avTw tu jxev aXXa ri/? llaXaicrTiV?/?

KoXovueviK Suoia? irpocTKeYbopriKOTa >}S}]. ev-

mines on VOV^og Oe Tl?, W OVOfXa f]V DaTl^, KpaTWV T//?

dition to YaYa'iMV TToXeoo^, ov irpocre2-^ev 'A.Xepavopu>^Egypt. '^^ ^ "A « ' a ' ' '

'^

aAAa Apapag re jjuctvootov^ eTrayofxevo? Kai

(TiTov eK TToXXov TTapecTKevaKM^ oiapKt] e? "vpoi'iov

iToXiopKiav Kai Tip j^aipiw iricTTevijov, fxi'iiroTe dv /3/a

akmai^ eyvm yu>/ oeyerrQai T>] iroXei 'AXe^avoooi'.

'ATre'^ei Se ?/ ^(^^f^ 7"^? /**fi' OaXacra-}]^ e'lKOcri fxuXicTTa XXVI.CTTaoiovg, Ka). eaTi yp^afx/ucoStjg koi jSaOeia e? ai;T>/^ >}

Prepara= CIVOC09 Kai t] OaXaacra }'] KaTU. Tt]V TToXlV

tions for '^ '~ '\ ^' '\ '

the siegeTevayujdt]^ -rracra. /neyaXtj de iroXi? t]

1 a(^a )]v Kai eiri ^co/xaro? v\^>]\ov wkictto

Kai Tei-^o^ 7repiel3e(3X}]TO avTtj o-^vpov. ea-^UTt] Se

AXABASI2 II, 27. 107

wKeiTO cog eir AHyviTTOV e/c ^oipik}]9 lovTi eiri T)] ap-^j

Trjs epriixou.

^AXePauSpog Se cog cKpLKero irpog Tt]v iroXiv, t?] 2

fiev 7rpu)T>j KarecTTpaTOTrkoeva-ev i] ixaXicTTa €7rijua-)^ov

avTW icpalvero to Tel-^og, Kai iJ.j]yavag crvfXTnj'yi^vi^ai

CKeXevcrev. ol §e fxt]-^avOTroiOL yvcofxtji/ cnreoeiKVUvTO

airopov eivat (i'la kXelv to rdj(og oca. u\p^og tov -^cofxaTog.

aXy 'AXePdvSpo) alpereov iooKei ehai ocru) airopcaTepov 3

eK'irXi']PeLv yap Tovg TroXejuiovg to epyov tw irapaXoyo)

CTTZ jui-eya, kul to /xj; tXecv aicry^pov dvm ol Xeyo/nepov eg

Te Toug "rjX\>]vag kqi eg Aapeiou, eooKei St] y^wjua ev

kukXo) T>jg TToXetog -^covvvvai, cog e^ 'ktov citto tov y^coa-

OevTog eTrayecrOai Tag jutj-^avug Totg Tei-^ecn. kuc

eywvvvTO kutu to votlov juaXicTTa Tijg yroXecog Tel-^og,

"wa eTTijj.a'^wTepa ecpalveTO. cog Se eSoicei e^tjpOai ctu/ul- 4

jxeTpcog TO j^coiulu^ /ix)]-^avag eiria-Wjcrai'Teg 01 ^laKeooveg

eirriyov wg eTrJ to Telwog tcov YaCaiuiv. kul

favourable ev TOVTM QvovTi 'AXe^avSpw Koi €(7Te(pa-

vuifj-evw Te Kai KaTap-^^ecruai jueAAoPTi tov' ' ' ^ '

^ j^ '

irpcoTOV lepeiov KaTu vo/ulov tcov Tig crapKOCpaycov

opvlOcov inrepTreTO/uLevog tov (Sco/ulov XiOov efxpaXXei

eg T}]V K€(paXr]v ovTiva toIv vroSoiv ecpepe. Kai

'AXe^avSpog I'ipeTO WplaTavSpov tov juavTiv b Ti vooi

6 oloH'og. 6 Se airoKplveTai OTi, co (iaariXev, Trjv fxev

TToXiv aipyaeig, avTU> Se croi (pvXaKTea eaTiv eiTL Ttjoe

Tt] i]/JLepa.

TavTa ciKOvaag ^A.Xe^avSpog Tecog fxev irpog Taig XX^IJ.)]^avaig ePca ^eXovg avTOV eiy^ev " cog oe eKopo/mi] Te e/c

Tijg TToXecog KupTepa eyiyvcTO Kai irvp Te eireipepov

108 AAE;e7ANAP0Y

rati ixrj-^avah ol "Apa/Beg koi tov? MaKe§6va<i

atxvvofxevovg KUTwOev avroi eP virepSePiov rodA]exan°

^

"3( »a

der vwpiov e/SaXXov T€ KOI coOovv Kara rod 7roi>]rovwounded.

, » -n ,r f ^ i

^wfiarog, euravoa 5? e/ccov aireiQel 'AXe^avSpog

ro) fiavreL rj eKirXayeig ev ru) epyw ovk ifxvrjjuoveucre

rrj<s fiavrelag, aW avaXa^lav roh VTra(xincrra<} irape-

(3o7'i6ei "iva fxakicrra eirie^ovro ol MaKeSoveg. koi 2

rovrovg ^ev eaye rod jULt] ovk aia-^a cpuy?] wcrOPjvac

Kara rod )(U!fxaro9 • avrog Se jSaXXerai KaraireXryi Sia

rijg ucTTTido? Siafx-TTu^ Kal rod OoopaKog e? rov Mfxov. w?

Se eyiw ru u^(p\ ro rpadjua aXrjOevcravra rov ^Api-

a-rai'Spou, e-^apt]^ on Koi rr]u iroXiv Sij alpi'/creiv iSoKci

Apicrravopov evcKU.

Kat avrog fxev ro rpavjxa iOepairevero ;(aAe7rw9 * 3

acpiKVodi/rai S' avrw /meraTrefXTrroi airo OaXda-artjg ai

^}]-^avai ah ivpoi^ elXe. Ka\ ^oiifJ-a "^wi'vvvai

taken by ev kvkXw iravroQev r>]<} TroAeo)? eKeXevcrev,assault. ^ \ , n. f n,

eupog IJ.ev e? dvo aradioug, i/\|/09 Se eg TroSag

Trevrr'jKovra koi SiaKocrlovg. wg Se di re /uLtj-^aval avrw 4€7ron'}6>]<Tau Ka\ eira-^Oela-ai Kara ro X^/"« KareaeicTav

rod rei-^ovg eiri ttoXu, v7rov6fxo)v re ciXXi] Ka\ aXXn opvcr-

crofxepcov Kai rod y^od acpavcog eKcpepo/iievov ro rel-vog

7roXXa)(rj }]pei7rero vfpiCavov Kara ro Kevovfxevov, ro'ig

re jieXecriv eiri iroXu Kare'i-^ov oi Ma/ce^oVe?, avaareX-

Xovreg rovg Trpoiua-^ojuei'ovg e'/c run/ irvpyMv, eg jueu

rpeig irpoa-^oXag ol eV rTjg iroXewg airoOvricrKovrwv

re avrolg ttoXXwi/ /cat rirpwa-Kojuei'cov o/j.009 avrei-vov.

ru rerapnj Se rwv ^laKeSovwv rrjv (bdXayya Trdv- 5

roOev Trpocrayaycov 'AXe^auSpog r^ /xev VTropucrcro-

ANABA3I2 II, 27. 109

fievov TO Teiy'C}? Kura^aXXei, t?] Se iraiofxevov rai?

lj.i]-^avaL? Karaa-elei e7r\ ttoXv, co? jut] -^aXeTnjv raig

KXifia^i rhv 7rpoar^o\t]V Kara ra eptjpimfjieva hSovi'ai.

di re ovv /cAiVa/ce? irpoa-jjyoi^TO tw tgl^ci kui epig 6

TToWt] yjv Twv Ma/ce^oVwi^ octol tl aperyjs [xeTeiroLovvTO

ocTTis TrpwTO? aipi'jcrei to Tei-^o? • koc aipel -TrpwTO^

Neo7rToAeyU09 Twu cTaipcov Tou AiaKiSwu ykvoug '

eirl Se avTw aXXai Koi aWai Tu^eig oixov Toig tjyefxo-

(Tiv av'e^aivov. (o? ^e dira^ TraprjkOov rtfe? evTO<i 7

Telvov^ Tooi' Ma/ce^oVcoi', KaTa(Tyj.(TavTe<; aWag kui

aWag TrvXag, ocrais CKacrTOi e-7reTvy^avoi>, Se-^ouTUi

e'lcro) T>]i^ (TTpuTiav iruG-av. ol ^e VaC^aioL kul Tijg tto-

Xeco? (Tfhicnv »jSt] eyoixevrig ^vveaTijKOTes bfxuig efia-

Used as an X^'^'''^' '^"' CLTTeOavov iravTeg avTOv fxayo^ie-

arsenal^ ^ eKUCTTOl eTaY^W^V • TTaiSug Se KUI

during' A '

the war.>yvi;a'iKag ePtjvSpairo^KTev avTUiv 'AXe^avopog.

Tnv iroXiv Se ^vi'oiKia-ag €K tow irepioiKCOv e-^ptJTO bora

(bpOVp'M e? TOV TToXejULOU.

Greek Trirefne.

NOTES.

BOOK I.

Preface.

§ 1. For Ptolemy and Aristobulus, vide Introd., § 20.

|vv€Ypax|;av dva-ypdcjxi), "they compiled," "I write out,

record." a.vayp6.(pa) refers to the mere recording of facts.

iria-Torfpa, predicate.

€TriX£|dp.€vos, "choosing out." Cf. Herod., passim. On Ar-

rian's historical methods, i^iile IntrocI, 19-

§ 2. v'rrlp = irepi.

irXiCovis- For other authorities used hy Arrian, vide Introd.,

§20.

<rvvr\viyjdr\ = Att. (tvv(^t), " it happened."

§3. cos X£76|X6va jiovov, "mere verbal tradition" opposed to facts

vouched for historically. Alexander's exploits soon passed

into the sphere of legend {vide App. B, "Alexander in

Legend," p. 155.

dva\E^d|X6vos, " when he reads them "; usually dvayiyvwtTKiiv.

Chapter I.

§ 1. 8^, "so then," implying that the subject of Philip has only

been hinted at before, but is now to be discussed.

TeXevTfjcrai. Philip was murdered in 336 B.C. by Pausanias.

'AXe'^avSpov. Change from nom. and infin. to ace. and infin.

§ 2. ^8o(rav, 337 B.C. The Lacedaemonians alone had refused to

grant Philip the hegemony.

NOTES, BOOK I. HI

v(o>ripla-ai= novis rebus studuisse. This was at the instigation

of Demosthenes.

§ 4. ^pt, 335 B.C.

TpiPaWol. On the importance of these tribes as mountedtroops, vide App. A.

8ti (j.-f|= ei fxT), "except."

§ 5. 4>tXnriroi. Vide map at end of book.

§ 6. €|Airopwv, if the reading is rights merchants who, in hugecaravans strongly guarded by mounted men, traded be-

tween the Danube district and the confines of Macedonand Greece.

Tov CTToXov after etpyeiv.

§ 7. ajxd^as •jrpoPaXd|A€Voi. Cf. the formation of a South Africanlaager.

diro[idx€o-0ai, "to fight from a position of advantage."^ with TOV upovs.

diroTO|x«TaTov

—

sc. fjv,'

' at that point of the mountain whichwas most precipitous."

<})dXa-y7i.. Vide App. A, p. 142.

§ 8. tlvai (of Alexander's thouglit), infinitive, governed by generalsense.

§ 9. ircpiKaTaXaiipdvoivTo, "were caught in a narrow place."

^vvv€vo-avTas, " pressing close to each other."

o-vyKXeiorai = (Tu;'acr7n(T^os. FiVZe App. A, p. 153.

TOV . . . €ir€X0€tv, genitive of purjoose.

§ 11. ToloTtts. On the use of bowmen, vide App. A, p. 145.

d-yilK-a. Vide App. A, p. 145.

§ 12. dvecTTeXXov, "drove back."

ws tKdcTTois Trpotix.wp«i, "as best they could," refers to i<pvyov.

Chapter II.

§ 1. rds irdXeis, Neapolis and Eion, the seaports of Philippi andAmphipolis.

IdvTi—sc. Tiv\, " as one goes."

<rTa0|j.ds = in Xen. Anab. "a day's march," lit., a resting-

place, a stage. Roughly speaking it averaged 5 parasangs

= 150 stades = about 18 English miles.

§2. £K TToXXoO, " long before," temporal.

§ 3. ^v|jnr€<{>€v-y€i. No augment. Cf. App. C, " Arrian's Language."rh iroXv) TrXfjGos, "the main body."

§ 4. €S pdOos tKxd^as, so that the front of the fighting line was

11

112 AEEIAN.

deeper than it was broad. The opposite = ex /xrjKos Ta<xai<jQai.

Vide App. A, "Tactical Terms,"' p. 152.

€S TO. \|/tXd, "into the open."

§ 5. iTTireas . . . Kara to Ke'pas ... On Alexander's cavalry

tactics, vide Aj^p. A, p. 148.

Chapter III.

§1. direCp-yovra, "forming the boundar^^ of," an Herodotean ex-

pression.

§ 2. dvi(rxov(ri, intrans., "arise," "have their origin."

KovdSovs, on the Quadi and Marcomanni, really Teutons, not

Celts, vide Index of Proper Names. Arrian is of course

here talking of his own times (100 a.d.)

€7rl Si = di'inde, adverbial.

diraGavaTi^ovTas, "who consider themselves immortal." Cf.

Herod, iv. 94, where these Geta; are said to believe that they

do not die but go to their god Zalmoxis after leaving this

earth. Every five years a messenger is sent to Zalmoxis

—

i.e.

,

a victim is sacrificed.

iTiVTi crT6\iaTa, According to Strabo, seven mouths ; now three.

§ 5. 'iyvti, " detei'mined."

§6. TTJs Kdp<j)iis, "sufficient hay." t^x = the hay which was

necessary.

[xovd^vXa, "dug-outs," "canoes," such -as the Rhine pirates

used (Plin. H. N., 16. 40) and the South Sea islanders still

use.

Chapter IV.

§1. SU^aXov = 5ie$aii'ov.

irXayLais, "with their lances held sideways." For the 15-

foot sarissa, ride App. A, p. 142.

tiriKXCvovras, accusative, though grammatically referring to

§ 2. Iv "irXaKTiw. FtcZe App. A, p. 153.

§4. 8crov, "about."

irapao-dYyTjv = .SO stades = about 3J miles.

rd ?pTi|xa, " the steppes."

§ 5, 67rava-ya-y6iv, " to convey back,"

avTfjs T|p.epas, "before nightfall."

§7. TTio-Tcis, "pledges of friendship," including probably oaths

of alliance, giving of hostages, handshaking, &c.

KOTES, BOOK I. 113

SeSiTTSTat, "what in this world inspired them most withfear ?

"

§ S. €S dXAa ri[v 6pp.-f|v, " that A. was intent on other conquests"

—

i.e., they felt they might be rude with impunity.

d\atov€s, "braggarts." a\aCwv = simulator, opp. to e'(pocv=dissimulator.

Chapter V.

§ 1. KXtiTos. Vide Index of Proper Names.dva^evyvwai, " to break up camp," "to start."

§ 3. d|j.(J>£ TO, o-(J>€'T«pa, " so that they might have their own businessto mind," "might have something to do at home." A col-

loquial expression.

§ 6. (OS . . . €TriT^9€o-0ai, "intending to surround and fall upon."§ 7. irpoo-fj-yev

—

sc. rh (Trpa.T(Vfxa.

KaiToi, with participle = Kai7rep in pure Attic.

§ 8. dire'Tvw eXeiv dv, in or. rert. =ovk du eAoi^ui.

§ 10. Ki.v8vv€vovcri, KaTaXT)v|/£Tat. Indicative of or. red. retained for

the sake of vividness.

§11. eSoKODv, " expected," " thought."

dTraXXaTTO|X€vois, "as they withdrew.'

§ 12. TTJ |ji^v . . . direip-yoneva, "on the one side bounded by theriver . . ."

tirl T£(ro-dpwv do-irt8tov, " four men deep." aair'is here= do-7ri5o-

<t>6pos. FitZe App. A, "Tactical Terms," p. 152.

Chapter VI.

§ 1. d^€(i>s 8£x,o|i€vovs, "took up, obeyed, the order smartly." Cf.

Thuc. 2. 11, Ta Trapayye\A6ij.iva o^tais Sfx^f^^'^oi.

§ 2. diroreivai h, " to lower their lances for a charge." So Kudiivai,

Xen. Anab. vi. 5. 25.

•irapT|-Ya7€

—

i.e., he made the phalanx advance smartly, whilemen from the rear marched up on the left and right.

§ 3. ?n|3oXov. Vide App. A, p. 153.

Tcov 8pa)|i€'va)v, " tlie manceuvre."

§ 5. o-t>)fx,aTa<j>vXa|i, eraipois. For the king's bodyguard, vide

App. A, p. 145.

KttTairTiSfjo-at diro t<uv iinrwv

—

i.e., to act as mounted infantry.

For Alexanders use of cavalry, tnde p. 148.

§ 6. 6-ir' dcrTTkSa, "to the left " ; opp. itvl S6pv, " to the right." There

114 APvEIAN.

was always a tendency in Greek armies to acquire a sort of

sideways movement and press to the right.

§7. irdvTtov . . . IXavvdvTwv. Thiswas what the Taulantii thought;the phalanx, however, only made a feint at an attack.

§ 8. |xi])^avds, "artillery," such engines as KaratriKTai, irerpo^oKoi.

€ir€<rpdvTas, lit. = " that the bowmen who had already followed

him into the river should shoot from there— the bowmentoo," that is, as well as the yUTjxorai. koI tovtovs— sc. fKro^ivnv

is added almost as an afterthought.

§ 9. iv TT] ra^ii, " along the line which they had taken up."

&(jia ol, in Attic, usually avrcf,

§ 10. <j)dXayyi Kara K€pas—i.e., "with their own troops in phalanx-

formation." They fell upon the enemy when they were in

files.

aipoOvTcs, "overtaking."

§ 11. (xc'xpi. xpos, so ^e'xp' «'rij e^s, rare in Attic.

Chapter VII.

§2. irpoierxoiAevoi, " holding out the fine prospect of ..."jTiOavwTtpoi 'is Tiva, usually rivl. The line of thought is that

the statement that Alexander liad died in Illyria had moreinfluence on the mind of the mob than the fine talk aboutliberty and freedom of speech.

§ 3. Kal -ydp Kal, '

' for in actual fact," a stronger form of koI yap =etcnim etiam.

§ 4. <|>avXov TTOicio-Gai { — T]yu(rQai), "to think light of."

§ 5. €p8op.aios, a quick march. Alexander had trained his heavyinfantry to cover thirty or thirty-five miles a day. This wasmade possible by the absence of baggage-trains, camp-followers, &c. , each man carrying his own provisions—bread,

olives, onions, and salt fish.

§ 9. 4>iXa)v Kal to^otwv, " light-armed troops, especially bowmen."§ 10. Sia KtvSvvov eXBtiv, to adopt a combative course, attitude,

§ 11. PoiwrapxovvTts. The eleven administrative officials of the

Theban confederacy were called Bceotarchs.

'ia-Tw oi= fvtot, more commonly, in Arrian and elsewhere,

flcrlf o'l.

ov8' ws = ?ie sic quidem.

NOTES BOOK T. 115

Chapter VIII.

§ 1. avTos, "on his own initiative."

§5. ?(j)0T]<rav trvyKXtio-ai = e. (ruyKXelcrai'Tes.

dXXd . . . -ydp, an ellipse, " but the fact was."

§ 6. irapeXGovTts. The monument of Amphion lay outside the city.

Cf. Pausan. ix. 17. 3.

tX.0H-«va irpbs, " held by."

§ 8. op-yrj, " since their blood was up," " in exasperation."

ovx^ oiirtos ti, Herodotean expression, "not so much the Mace-

donians as . .."

<]^«K€is. The Phocians had a grudge against the Thebans

because the latter had begun the Sacred War against them ;

the Platreans, because the Thebans had sacked Plata3a. The

number of Thebans killed was more than 6000, whilst

30,000 were sold as slaves.

Chapter IX.

§ 1. 'EXXriviKov, predicate. The fact that the disaster happened to

a Greek city increased the horror of it. In translating,

break up the sentence— e.f/., "this disaster, happening as it

did to Greeks, filled with horror not only those who were

directly affected by it, l)ut the whole of the Greek world

;

for not only was the city captured—a most important one—

and its capture effected with terrible celerity, but the

sudden nature of the blow came as a surprise to both the

victims and victors."

§ 2. "ZiKiKCav—i.e., the Sicilian expedition, 415-413 B.C.

§ 3. Ai^os TTOTajAol, B.C. 405.

€iriKpaTTJ<raL, by Conon's victory over the Spartans at Cnidus

in 394 B.C. Cf. Xen. Hellen. iv. 8. 9.

Siao-werao-eau Thebes, about the year 374 B.C. allied with

most of the states of the Peloponnese, was pressing Sparta

hard. Athens retired from this league.

§ 4. At Leuctra, in 371 B.C., the Thebans under Epaminondas

gained a decisive victory over the Spartans under Cleom-

brotus. At Mantinea, in 362 B.C., Epaminondas defeated

the Lacedajmonians, but was himself killed.

§ 5. nXaraiewv dtXtocris, in 427 B.C. Cf. Thuc. iii. 52. Melos was

taken from the Spartans by Athena in 416 ; Scione, in 421

116 AKEIAN.

B.C. (cf. Thuc. V. 32) ; for the monstrous treatment of the

Melians, vide Thuc. v. 84.

T) . . . &Xajo-i.s, nominatiims j)endens.

§§ 6, 7. All one sentence. In English, break up into several.

TO. TTJs airoo-Tao-tws, "the circumstances connected witli their

revolt."

o^ea, adverbial.

€| 6fi.O(f>vX(ov

—

sc. yevdfj.fvos.

ovK ?^w Tov eIkotos, " uot uunaturally."

avTivexe-ri, " was referred, attributed to."

§ 7. SKxto-avras, accus. absolute.

o-irov8ais. The thirty years' truce began in 445 B.C. In spite

of the truce, in 431 B.C., 300 Theban aristocrats attacked

Platfea, but with no success.

dvSpaTroSto-jiov. After a heroic resistance for three years

Plata-a surrendered to the Spartans, who at Thebes's in-

stigation executed 200 Plateaus and sold the otiier in-

habitants as slaves. The Thebans then razed Plata^a to

the ground.

yvu)\).r], "proposal," "proposition."

§ 8. Iirtl Kttl refers to § 6, fls jutji^ii/ . . . avT/jvix^V, giving a further

reason for such a supposition.

eiri<rTi(i,fjvai, intransitive.

§ 10. nivSdpov. Cf. Milton—

" The great Emathian conqueror bid spare

The house of Pindarus, when temple and tower

Went to the ground."

Chapter X.

§ 1. eiriTTJScioi, "were on friendly terms with."

§2. AItwXoI . . . Kara. ?0vT], "each of the ^Eitolian clans."

|xv(rTT)pi<ov

—

i.e., the Eleusinian mysteries, which took place in

September (15-23 Boedromion).

§ 3. Ai]p.d8ov, for Demfides. Vide Index of Proper Names.ovK €v Kaipw, Arrian's opinion, implying that their congratula-

tions miglit have been made earlier.

§ 4. XIoXvevKTov. Nothing is known of him or of the names that

follow.

§ 5. 7rXTijj,|i6Xi]0€'vTO)v. What these insults were is told by .Eschines

in Ctes. 160. The Athenians, at Demosthenes' instigation,

NOTES, BOOK I. 117

celebrated Philip's death by holding a solemn festival anderecting a shrine to his murderer Pausanias. They also

spoke very slightingly of Alexander, nicknaming him Mar-gites—the man who knew many things but knew them all

badly.

§ 6. TTpeo-pevovTai. Phocian was spokesman on this occasion.

Tvx^ov, ace. absol. (cf. e^hf, TTaphv) = t>ive . . . sive.

Chapter XI.

§ 1. 'ApxcXdov. Vide Introd., § 16.

§ 2. LSpwcrai. The sweating of statues was a dangerous omen. Cf.

Apoll. Rhod. iv. 1285 ; Cic. Div. ii. 27. 58.

7roi€iv, " to tell in verse."

§ 3. Tpia-(j.vpiwv. For the numbers of Alexander's force, vide

App. A, p. 147.

§ 5. 8ti Kal, " both for other reasons, and because . . ."

voiis, "the object," "the idea."

§ G. irXota o-TpoyyvXa= naves onerariae, freight vessels ; opp. ^anpal

vrits, " warships."

6 \6yos KaTt'xet. For the legendary element in Alexander's

history and its subsequent developments, vide Appendix B," Alexander in Legend."

§ 7. KaOeXeiv, take down from the temple wall.

§8. irapaiToiiixevov, "praying Priam not to be wroth with Neop-

tolemus's stock, from which, as a matter of fact (5?)), Alex-

ander traced his descent"—lit., "which came down to him."

Alexander on his mother's side was an ^-Eacid, the family

of Achilles and Neoptolemus. Vide Introd., § 2.

Chapter XII.

§ 1. narpoKXov. Hephastion wished by crowning Patroclus's tombto imply that he was to Alexander as Patroclus was to Achilles.

§2. Kal (ji.evToi Kal, " and certainly Alexander was justified in . .."

KaTd= " in proportion to," "on a par with."

CKXiues ... TO x^topiov, "this point was not done justice to,"

" in this sphex'e there were deficiencies." The phrase occurs

Thuc. i. 97.

KaTaXoYa.8T|v, in narrative prose.

\Li\ii, properly = a lyric ode such as Pindar wrote.

118 ARRIAN.

ti'o-Otj, from ^Seif.

For the facts about historians of Alexander, vide Introd., § 19.

Hiero, Thero, and Gelo were all celebrated iu the writings

of Pindar and Bacchylides.

§ 3. Arrian as an imitator of Xenophon, inde Introd., § 18.

§ 4. oiiTc |v)v dWo) oi)T£ <J)€vi'ywv . . . Referring to the ten thousand

Greeks who were mercenaries under Cyrus, and who re-

treated ((p€vyajv) after Cunaxa.

§ 5. d.px'HV. On the " office " held by Arrian, vide Introd., § 17.

oliSe 01 Xo"yoi, "this history is to me Fatherland and famil}' and

office"

—

i.e., on this historical work—the Anabasis—since I

was a youth I have spent all my energy ; it is more to methan Fatherland, &c., and so (enl r^Se) I consider I have a

right to describe the greatest deeds ever told of in the Greeklanguage (Tco^' irpuncov iv tj7 (poivfj tj? 'EWaSi).

el'irtp ofiv . . . justifies the statement that Alexander's acts

were greatest {irpdoTaiv), " for as a fact Alexander was one of

the greatest warriors. " twv—sc. irpwruv (masc.) The verb

of the sentence is ttrn understood.

§ 6. ts 6dXa<ro-av

—

i.e., the Propontis.

§ 7. I'Xiiv. Vide App. A, p. 146.

§ 8. o-aTpairtjs and iiirap^os are often used without distinction.

Properly vivapxos was the subordinate officer of a satrap.

For satraps, vide Introd., § 11.

§ 9. Mt'iivwv. For his good generalship, vide App. A, p. 148.

XiXov, "fodder."

§10. irpoo-GcVGai

—

sc. tt)v ^r,<pov, "agreed with." Cf. Herod, vi.

109.

Tipifis 'iviKa. He wished to retain as long as possible the high

office he held from the king— i.e., the satrapy of Phrygia.

Chapter XIII.

§ 1. SiirXijv. This double column was necessary, as there was little

room for manauvres. Vide jilan, p. 149.

§ 3. As to Arrian's use of speeches, vide Introd., § 19.

T(o -kAJo Xeiiroficvovs, " weaker in infantry."

TavTT), "consequently."

< ,' !- For the tactics, inde App. A, p. 152

Kara Kcpas Jr i

>i

§ 6. oijTw €K<}>avX{o-as, explanation by Arrian.

"TTOiovixai= Tjyov/xai.

NOTES, BOOK I. 119

^i'i\o\i.iv= ut sumiis, "unhesitatingly," "at once."'

8ti . . . ^iraBov

—

i.e., they had not up to the present time ex-

perienced anything at the hands of the Macedonians which

might reasonably make them fear them.

Chapter XIV.

§ 1. iraprjiev, Ionic = TTapTJei. The MSS. have iraprjyev, -"vhich is not

found intransitively. IIAPHIEN may easily have got changed

into nAPHTEN.

€Tr6Tdx9'n, €iri= "next to him was drawn up."

§4. iiirtpSt'lia

—

i.e., the high ground afforded an advantageous

position.

lirexovTa, " had advanced."

§5. o~rpaT£vji.aTa, neut., i-n-fffrwrfs plural; construdio secundum

senmm.

§ 6. ^x"*''''* 'AfivvTttv, "under the command of A."

§7. Xo|^v deC . . . " letting his line extend sidewaj's in the direc-

tion in which the river flowed."

irap€iXK£, intransitive ; expect irapelKKeTo. Alexander advanced

into the river in a sort of Echelon formation, so that on

landing his line should present as broad a front as possible,

and the enemy migiit not fall upon the head of his column

((cara Kepas).

tos dvvcrTbv = a)s Swarhp. Cf. Xen. Anab. i. 8. 11.

TT] (JjoXayyi

—

i.e., in close order and with a broad front.

Chapter XV.

§ 2. iraXTwv, short javelins about three feet long. Cf. Xen. Cyr.

i. 3. 9 : ex*"' 2* ^^^ • ' ' "t^'''" 5uo wcrre rb /iff dcpui/ai rcf 5e,

% 3. 8<roi Y€ . . . avTciv, "except those of them who turned aside

to meet Alexander when he advanced." Vide xiv, 4. It

was a careful piece of strategy on Alexander's part to draw

attention to himself bj'^ his brilliant equipment ('6ir\uiu Xa/x-

TTpoTT/Tf) and sounding of trumpets. The Persian cavalry

concentrated opposite him, and as he moved down the river

sideways they followed, thus weakening their line at other

points, and enabling Amyntas and the Pajonian cavalry to

force a passage.

§ 4. I^cicrai after f/ywfi^o^'To.

120 AERIAN.

€15 Airav, "utterly," "completely."

§ 5. ^v(rrois = 56pa<ni', lances for thrusting with.

§ 6. dvaPoXca, lit., an attendant who helps his master to mount his

horse. Then, generally an aide-de-camp.

pao-iXiK(ov

—

sc. a.va^o\4wv.

Tw TiiiCo-ci. The sarissa had a sharp-pointed butt (o-aupwr^p,

OTvpai) for fixing in the ground; it could if necessary be

used as a weapon.

§ 7. Kai 8s, " so he." The old deictic use of the pronoun.

TTJ KoiriSi, "with his scimitar."

§ S. 'itryjt, " held against the blow."

dv«T€TaTo, "had swung aloft."

eircKpaivovTes, the subject= (o5toj) Saois irpolxtip^i.

Chapter XVI.

§ 1. iroXXd 8€ witli ^\aTTT6ixfvoi.

irapsppTJYvvTo 8^ . . . " naturally both the cavalry wingswere broken through."

§ 2. xiXious, according to Diodorus, 2000.

tKirXTJ^ei, K.T.K., "in astonisliment at the sudden movementrather than from cool steady resolution."

§ 3. TvvaiKos, Statira.

§4. eiroCei, "reproduced," "figured." These twenty-five bronze

equestrian statues were taken by Metellus from Macedoniato adorn the portico he built. Cf. Plin. , H. N., xxxiv. 9. 6.

§ 5. dreXeiav twv Kara t^v x^topav, " immunity from all ground-

rents."

TW (r(op,aTi XtiTovp-yiai, " service as vassals."

Kard rds KTTJ<r£i.s £lcr<})opaC,'

' income-tax.

"

ol=kKa(TTCf, "giving each an opportunity," "encouraging

him."

§ 6. TovTovs Se, apodotic.

§ 7. Iv iroXei

—

i.e., iv aKpoiruhei.

dirb

—

i.e., taken from.

Chapter XVII.

§ 1. •f]?

—

i.e., (TaTpaireias.

§4. ^8«K€, "granted," "allowed."

§ 6. faipa ?Tovs, " for it was summer-time," lit., owing to the season

of the year.

NOTES, BOOK I. 121

§ 8. M€[Avovos. Not Memnon the E,hoclian.

§ 9. Kal avTos. The thought present in Arrian's mind is Svavovs &»

'AXe^avSpcf Kal aurbj r^i> eKelyov Svavoiav 4<poPuro.

dira|iioo-as, "thinking it not unlikely."

§ 10. KaTT|-ya-ye. Cf. KaTieyat, of returning exiles.

§ 12. ^i'Yx^a)pT]0€V, ace. absol. Cf. TrpoaTax^fv, vevo/j.i<jfj.ivov (i. 23. 7)

;

rerayfj-ivov (i. 2-4. 5) ; irapTiyyeX/xevoi', TrpodfjKoi', S^oy, iraphv,

e^hv, &C.

Chapter XYIII.

§ 1. Kal OS, "so he." Cf. i. 15. 7.

Tcis AloXtSas, the eleven ^Eolic towns.

§ 3. pao-iXiKT) I'Xi]. Cf. App. A, p. 146.

«| €(})d8ov, " directly he marched against it."

§ 4. CTTpaTU SC. VaVTlKW.

§ G. TO. T€ dXXa . . . Kal, " for other reasons . . . and especially

because ..."Kara irpvpivav. Tlie stern of the boat was usually backed

on to the land. Cf. Virg. ^-En. vi. 3, ohvertunt j^'l'igo

irapd. |X€Yo, "of great account." Cf. -Kapa iroXh (iii. 10), Trap'

oKiyov, Trap' ovSev.

§7. |D|J.pXTicr€i, "interpretation of." Cf. 20. 1, (rwi^aWev.

OX) [ji€[j.€X€ttik6ti. Oil, not ^^.r|, because oh goes closely with

§ 8. irpbs with tV i^ayyiXiav, "in view of," "considering."

Chapter XIX.

§ 1. €irl T0ijT0is = /(is condkionihus.

§ 2. [j.axoD(i€vovs. Strict grammar demands a dative to agree with

MiArjo-iois, but the construction is natural {Ka-ra ^vueaiv).

[Aovov ov= tnntii)n 71011, "almost."

§ 3. dirb Tf|s AdStis with KaTiSSvres.

dvTiTrpwpovs, with their bows towai'ds the sea, in ease an attack

Avas made by the Persian fleet.

§ 4. €v TT] 0aXd<r<rrj with Skv^xovto. With pnrTovi'Tes supply is r^v

daXaacrav.

§ G. iTrX Tiii^i i}<i = ea condicione ut . . .

^8wK€v, "granted," "allowed."

§ 7. ovK €v KaXio, " in an unsatisfactory anchorage."

122 ARETAN.

Sia uttKpoO of distance, usually of time. Miletus -was eightystades from the mouth of the Ma?ander {vide map).

§ 8. ov8€v &\Xo 8ti (ji^, "as good as," "practicall}'."

§ 9. TO iroXi), " for the most part," "usually."irapovT&jv

—

sc. vavruv.

§ 11. Tj fx€v 'Iao-o-«»v, "one ship, that of the I."

Chapter XX.

§1. ovT£ . . . t\, "on the one hand not ... on the otherhand."

Se'oiTo . . . KaTaXvo-€i, optative of a mere conjecture ; futureindie, of a sure expectation.

^XOVTtts refers to t^ vavTinhv.

frvvi^aXkev, "interpreted in this way."§ 3. (OS -y^-yveo-Gai, to express pio-pose. Cf. vi. 6.

§4. dveo-TeiXav, "drove back," "repulsed."

§5. TO irpbs Mvv8ov fie'pos, "the part towards, off, Myndus."Myndus lies a few miles west of Halicarnassus.

TT|v a)<|>€X€tav, "the advantage that would accrue."Ti €ve8i8oTo, "certain proposals to hand over the city had

been made." Cf. xxii. 7.

§ 6. Kal fi)s, lit., " even thus."

§ 7. €7v|ivuo-€. The fall of the tower did not cause a breach, asAlexander hoped.

§8. TptdKovra iryixewv = about 45 feet 6 inches, irijxos (lit., fore-arm, Lat. mbitus or ulna) = 24: SdnrvKoi or 6 naKata-rai (palms)= 18:j: inches.

§9. Iv avTw Tw 'ipytf, "only when the operation had actuallybegun.

"

5 10. Sti gives the reason for the large proportion of wounded.

Chapter XXI.

§ 1. ?ipev, MS. ?iyev. For aYpetv Uyai, lit., to raise, make boastful byconversation, cf. ii. 7. 9. \6y<f> e-rraipfiv.

avTol eirl a-^wv, " on their own account."

§ 4. fito-oTTvp-yiov. Cf. Thuc. 3. 23, fxeraTrvpyiou of the lines roundPlataea

; in military language "a curtain." Cf. Pliny, H. N.,XXXV. 14, paries intergerivus.

NOTES, BOOK I. 123

oihi oiTOs = Ka\ ovTos oii. C'f. the English idiom "nor . . .

tliis tower either."

|j.i]vo€i,8€s. Tlie position may be shown thus—

a

a, b. rh /xrivotiSis ri7xos.

c. rh iprjptfxfjLivov Te7xos, the breach.

d. rh TeTxoj.

5. yippa. {=plutei; cf. vinea) were pent-houses, mantlets, sheds

made of hurdles covered with raw hides. They were usually

on wheels ; their chief use was to protect archers and

slingers.

§ 6. €ireKpdTovv, " they had the advantage."

€K irXa-yiov—i.e., the inner emergency wall (a, b in plan), now

taken by the Macedonians, was crescent-shaped.

Chapter XXII.

§ 1. avTov €<|>€(rTT|KOTOS. For Alexander's rashness, vide App.

A, p. 148.

TpCiruXov, a gate with three entrances, the centre one probably

for vehicles. Cf. AinvKov, used for the Thriasian gate at

Athens.

ovSe ira.vv = Kal irdvv ov, "absolutely not."

§ 2. 01 \i.lv corresponds to toIs Se in § 4.

§ 3. i^ KaTd,= Lat. quani pro.

124 ARKIAN.

§ 4. nTo\e|Aatos. There were six officers of this name among Alex-

anders staff.

ov8^ avTol

—

i.e., as easily as Alexander.

§7. av€Ka\ecraTo, "recalled." t^ o-dA7ri77i is often added.

ovK i]\i.i\i]^>.ivi>)v — ha2id ignobilium. Cf. ii. 10. 7.

Chapter XXIII.

§ 2. d|i(j)l SevTe'pav <j)vXaKT|v. Anian uses the division of time

adopted by tiie Ronums, who divided the night into four

vigilice. This is shown by jueVos vvicras in § 4.

§ 3. VTJ<r(j)

—

i.e., Arconnesus.

§ 4. KaiToi = /coi7rfp. Cf. i. 5. 7.

hi, in apodo^i. Cf. Herod., 2^nssi7n.

§ 5. elvai—sc. as subject ras &Kpas (aXouixas).

§ 6. «{>\)\aK-f)v TT^s Kapias. For Alexander's care in establishing sea-

bases, vide App. A, p. 148.

§ 7. ^vvipKci, " was married to."

V€vo|j.icrfji€vov, ace. absol. Cf. i. 17. 12.

§ 8. €v Tols, "above all others," "preeminently." An old phrase,

the history of which is uncertain. Prob. rots represents the

old deictic pronominal use of 6, lit., "among these."

Chapter XXIV.

§ 2. iTTOivloxri— i.e., returned to Alexander's army.

§ 3. iTTTrapxiav, a squadron of about 500 men. Five of these madeup the "companion cavalry" (iTa7pot).

§ 4. (^ i^oSov. Cf. xviii. 3.

irepdo-as. Arrian is wrong : Pinara lay on this sicte the

Xanthus, at the foot of Mount Cragus.

§5. 5vv€T€X€i, "belonged to," "was classed as" ; lit., paid tribute

in the same class as. A phrase borrowed from the municipal

sj'stem of Athens.

§ 6. €irl ToxjTO), " for this purpose."

£in,T6T€ix<-o-[X€vov, 4iTIT(ix'i^e IV=to fortify a position as part of

an offensive policy

—

e.g., applied to Decelea.

NOTES, BOOK I. 125

Chapter XXV.

§ 2. Tore . . . d<|)TiK€v. Alexander, though he was convinced of his

namesake's guilt, dared not then (tote) put him to death,

as he feared to offend Greek opinion.

§3. 'Trp6<|)ao-iv, "under the pretence of," opp. to t^ Se d\7]deia.

Cf. Thuc, pas"i77i.

Xpv<rtov xdXavTa . . . x'^"-"'' nearly £250,000. If, however,

the Bal)3'Ionian talent is meant, whicli stands to the Attic

as 13 : 10, the sum would be considerably larger.

§ 6. avTov, added to distinguish the king [avThs) from his namesake.

dvairdveo-Oai, some verb must be supplied from ((pofiei—e.ff.,

"they told each other anxiously."

§7. fipa, "as it turned out," contrary to expectation. Cf. App.

D, p. 159.

§ 10. ov -ydp iSo^i, "it did not seem advisable."

£v <j>vXaKf TJv, he was executed three years later with Philotas.

Cf . § 2.

Chapter XXYI.

§ 1. TavTT]. An elaborate description is given by the geographer

Strabo (xiv. 3). On the one side of the path lay the sea,

on the other a steep ridge of Mount Taurus, made up of

a series of small precipices one above tlie other. Hence the

name Mount Climax (/cAt/ual, a ladder).

§ 2. oiiK &viv Toxi Geiov. Cf. Plut. Alex. xvii. Similarly the people

of Thapsacus, when Cyrus and his army crossed the Eu-

phrates without boats, said the river itself made way for

him to come and receive the crown (Xen. Anab. i. 4).

§ 3. virip, K.T.X.—i.e., virfp re tov apyvpiov ^wdf/jLivot Kal 'innovs

irapaSwaeiV ^vvdefievoi.

§5. ircTrovTiKOTa, "dilapidated."

Chapter XXVII.

§3. ?<J>oifrTTip— i.e., (ttI tovtois ^vfji^rjvai i(p' oiffirep rh irporepov

§ 7. otrov 4)vXaK-f|v, "sufficient to garrison." Cf. i. 5. 9.

126 AKUIAN.

Chapter XXVIII.

§ 1. Kai atrTol

—

i.e., as well as tlie fiap^apoi mentioned in xxvii. 5.

§ 2. 2aYa\ao-o-ov. Noted for its high citadel, the beautiful scenery

of the neighbourhood, and the extensive ruins near the

modern village of Allahsun.

§ 4. 'n-po€Tdx6'<lo'av

—

i.e., to protect the flanks.

§ 5. Xdxois, " in ambuscades," but the reading is uncertain, possibly

upQlois A.o'xois= " in long columns."

§8. €x,o|i€vos, " refraining from pursuit of ..."

Chapter XXIX.

§ 1. TrT|-yvvvTai. Cf. Herod, iv. 53.

§ 2. ^vv€K€i.TO. The pluperfect seems to imply some previous

arrangement with Darius,

fiiropov, with &Kpav, "the fortified rock which was unassailable

at all points," lit., "inaccessible to attack."

§•4. rdpSiov, a strong "strategic point" (cf. App. A, p. 151).

Situate between three seas, and commanding the route to the

southern coast, it was a useful base for reinforcements. AtGordium, "in the valley of the Sakkaria, a natural route

from the Sea of Marmora—in part now the line of a railway

— meets the track of the royal Anatolian highroad of

antiquity."—Hogarth, 'Alexander,' p. 182.

§ 6. dveivai ti tov 4>dpov. On the attitude of Greece towards Alex-

ander, vide Introd., § 7.

TO, irdpovra, " his present undertaking."

NOTES, BOOK II. 127

BOOK 11.

Chapter I.

§ 1. diro(rTp€'»|/wv \\ith Aaix^dvei, "with the design of moving the

seat of wai- . . . got possession of."

-n-poo-eixov (cf. ii. 25. 4), "came over to him," " submitted."

Tcls dXXas TToXeis , Methymna, Autissa, Eresus, Pyrrha.

§ 2. x^P"-'*'' 5nr\(3

—

i.e., a double stockade.

{TxpaToireSa, probably small fortified "blockhouses" for the

defence of the wall.

2i-yptov, now Cape Sigri, the westernmost point of the island.

TTpocrPoX'?!. Cf. Thuc. iv. 53. oAkoSw^ jrpo(Tfio\ri = KaTayci)yr],

" landing-place."

§ 3. d8€X4)i8(3. Artabazus had married Memnon's sister.

§ 4. c-TTJXas, the pillars on which the terms of the peace were

inscribed.

£ir"AvTaX.Kt8ov. In 387 tlie Spartans, wishing to break downthe supremacy of Athens at all costs, concluded a disgraceful

treaty with the Persians, handing over to them all the Greek

colonies in Asia and stipulating that all Greek states should

be autonomous.

Iirl Tois r\\ii<ria-i, "on condition they received back half the

property which they had when they were banished."

§ 5. tiriPaXovTes, " imposing as a tax on the whole community."

Chapter" II.

§ 2. TTJs Teve'Sow, genitive of connection, akin to the partitive

genitive. Cf. vi. 28. The position of Tenedos (now

Bogdscha-Adassi), along the coast of Troas, was strategically

important : the Persians might make a diversion in the

rear of the Macedonians and close the Hellespont against

them.

§ 3. rd |i£v . . . tiroici, imitated from Thuc. ii. 8, v evvoia . . .

iiroifi , . . is Tovs AaKeSatfiovious. ironlv (s TiJ'a = ]it. , to be

active for some one, to incline towards.

§ 4. 'AvTiiraTpou, regent of Greece and Macedonia in Alexander's

absence.

1

128 AKRIAN.

Chapter III.

§ 1. Gordium. Cf. i. 29. 5.

§ 3. cimrTTJvai, poetical for 4n'nrTea0at.

airo "ye'vovs, " from generation to generation."

§ 4, ITpoa-ayovra—sc. Trjj/ afxa^av.

Kal 8€i]67)vai. -yap. koI goes with e^rjyriaaaeai. The explanatoryyap clause would moi'e naturally come last, but is here, as

frequently in Herodotus, placed first.

§ 6. ev TT) eiKpa, in templo Joins (Justin, xi. 7).

§8. 8' o€v resumes after a digression, "be that as it may." Cf.

Lat. ceterum. Vide App. D.

|v(iP€Pt)k6tos, "as if the oracle had been fulfilled."

Chapter IV.

§4. €s I'o-ov . . . "his boldness served him equally well"

—

i.e.,

as if his approach had been stealthy and unobserved.

€S Ti?iv KiXiKiav. Curtius (iii. 11) says Alexander himself

wondered at liis own good luck in not finding tlie pass morestrongly held. The defile {Tauri pi/ke, pordv Cilicke) is thechief pass over the Taurus, and might easily be held by avery few men. It is 3600 feet above the sea. The mainroad from Asia Minor towards Cilicia still runs through it.

The modern name is Golek-Boglias, and until Ibrahim Pasha,sixty years ago, blasted away some of the rocks in the defile,

every camel had to be unloaded before it could pass.

§ 7. ^i^a.VTa.= pi-i\/avTa kavrhv.

§8. Ka6{]pai . . . <J>ap[idKaj, " administer a purgative medicine."

tJ)v—i.e., Alexander.

§ 10. KaXws ol' 'iy^i^., " that he had a clear conscience in administering

the dose."

§ 11. (|>iXois Pepaios. Yet four years later he barbarously murderedPhilotas (iii. 26 ; iv. 14).

Chapter V.

§ 1. Tas dXXas irvXas

—

i.e., the pass called the "Syrian Gates,"now the Bailan Pass. The road runs close to the sea, and is

cut out of the limestone rock. Cyrus marched through this

pass (Xen. Anab. i. 4).

NOTES, BOOK II. 129

§ 2. €irl iLiya. €\6ov(ra. Cf. Time. i. 118, inl /xeya ixoopvco-v Svvd/j.ea>s.

§ 3. €s KpoTov, " when applauding." Strabo, liowever (xiv. 5), says

the king was represented as snapping his fingers in derision.

'Acro-iipia ypdfi.|AaTa, probably cuneiform or arrow - headedhieroglyphics.

§4. vovs, "the sense." Cf. Herod, vii. 102.

tbs ovra, ace. absol. Cf . i. 9. 7.

Tovrov—i.e., rod xl/6<pov.

paSiovp-yoTcpov, "was expressed more flippantly, less deli-

cately . . ."

§ 5. eirePaXcv. Cf. i. 5.

SiaKoo-ia rdXavTa, about £49,000.

§ 7. IlToXeixatov, anticipatory accusative.

§ 8. *Ao-K\i]iria>, in gratitude for his recovery from his illness at

Tarsus.

Tro|ATr€v<ras, "conducted a procession of . . ." Cf. i. IS.

Xa)X7rdSa €'irLT£X€<ras = Aa^uiraSoSpoyUia or Xafj.-KaSri(popia, a torch-

race, of which there were several varieties. The most usual

procedure was that young men ran m ith lighted torches to

a certain point, and whoever reached the goal first withhis torch alight was winner ; but other young men withouttorches I'an after the torch-bearers, who, if overtaken, hadto hand over their torch to their captor, who might then

make for the goal himself. The torch-race was always run

at night, and sometimes on horseback.

d"ya)va y^jAViKov, probably the irhraQKov— I.e., aAjxa, TroSwK^iriv,

5i(TKov, &KOVTa, iraAriv.

'AXi]iov. Homer (II. vi. 201) mentions this fruitful plain. Cf.

Herod, vi. 95.

§ 9. iXt) pao-iXiKTJ. Cf. App. A, p. 146.

8(ra

—

sc. ivwyi^nv 5er. ivayi^fLv, i. t. for sacrificing to a hero.

Cf. Herod, ii. 44.

Ttov 'HpaKXeiSciv explains "Apyous, from Argos, and con-

sequently one of the Heraclidaj. Karanos, the mythical

founder of the Macedonian royal house, was descended from

the Heraclid Temenos, King of Argos.

Chapter VI.

§ 1. Sw^ois. The locality is unknown.

ws e^X*''' " ^* once," "as they were."

§4. 8 t£ irep . . . "whatever decision was most agi'eeable to his

wishes."

130 AKRIAN.

Ka0' T|8ov^v ^vvdvTwv. oi ^vvovres is often used for " followers,"

"courtiers," "advisers." So here of false advisei's, whoonly gave advice which they knew would please.

Kal |vv£o-o|X€'vwv. Translate as a parenthesis: "—for kings

will always have advisers to give mischievous advice—."

§ 6. fjYev. For a similar sentiment as to fate, of. vii. 16. 7.

§ 7. ^XP^") " i^ ^^'^^ fated."

Mt]8oi.. The Median power, under Astyages, was overthrown

by Cyrus in 558 B.C. ; the Assyrian power, by Cyaxares,

at the destruction of Nineveh, 606 B.C.

Chapter VII.

§ 2. €v x«P<'"tv, " at hand."

§ 3. dvairTii|at, "to expand." Cf. App. A, p. 152.

§6. €S irXeove^iav . . . " to prove their superiority in the coming

struggle."

Ilepo-wv 8 Ti Trip S4)eXos, "all the serviceable troops of . .."

§ 7. 8iairpeirls, with ts KaWos, "pre-eminent and glorious."

ws dve-naxGeo-Tara, with eirelpet, "he recapitulated most

modestly," "in the best taste possible."

§ 8. avTo<rx€8iao-9e'vTwv. Cf. Xen. Anab. iii. 3.

§ 9. irpbs BaPvXdivi aiuTTj, " under the very walls of Babylon," biit,

according to Xenophon (Anab. ii. 2), Cunaxa M'as 360 stades

from Babylon.

KaTidvTwv, gen. absol. We expect /cartoCo-i, agreeing with

acpicrli'.

Chapter VIII.

§ 1. For the tactics employed in the battle, vide App. A, p. 147.

§ 2. Iirl Kc'pws. Vide App. A, p. 152.

§ 3. dp^a(i.evu). Cf. i. 2. 1, tovrt.

§ 4. {nr€p<}>a\ayYTio-€iv. According to Callisthenes, the distance

between the sea and the mountain was about a mile and

a half.

§ 6. 'iv6iv Kal 'ivQiv, " on both sides of these."

eirl <j)dXayyos dirXfis

—

i.e., in one combined body, not in separate

rd^eis. Vide App. A, p. 152.

§7. «s tiriKajJLiT'fiv irpoibv, " bending forward."

KaToiriv with tTroiei.

8. €^T|KovTa . . . Diodorus and Plutarch give this number, but

NOTES, BOOK II. 131

Justin says the Persians had 400,000 infantry and 100,000

cavalry. It took five days for the army to cross the Eu-

phrates.

§ 11. Tov vow, " the reason, ground."

H«vot})wv. Vide Anab. i. 8. 21, 22 ; cf. Arr. iii. 11.

Chapter IX.

§ 1. 6\lyov, more usually d\lyov SeTr.

§2. €S €iriKap.'irT]v. For this " angle -formation," lide App. A,

p. 152, and cf. Xen. Cyr. vii. 1. 6.

§ 3. 'AvOtfAOuo-iav— i.e., from Anthemus. For the territorial division

of the Macedonian cavalry, vide App. A, p. 142, and cf. i.

2 ; i. 12.

§4. dvatrraXevTes. Cf. i. 1. 12.

Chapter X.

§ 1. TT) •yvwfJLT] 8ovXoiio-0ai is a Thucydidean expression = "cowed in

spirit." Cf. Thuc. iv. 31.

§2. a|£w<ris, "rank" "position."

§ 3. €v ra^ii—i.e., still in close column.

Pa.8T]v, opp. to SpSfice.

TOV p.if|, of purpose. Cf. i. 1. 9.

eKKvfifjvav, lit., "swell out like a wave"— i.e., " fluctuate from

the line."

ws eK-irXiilai, " in order to alarm."

§ 4. 1^ 8i.€'orx€. This gap had been caused by the battalions of the

Macedonian centre, which had crossed the river, failing to

keep their line and pressing too far towards the right wing.

§ 5. TavTT) corresponds to jT in § 4.

§ 6. dirwo-ao-Oai is governed by the idea of effort in rh fpyov.

\eiTr£o-9ai, " to fall short of."

§ 7. €l'Koo-i Kttl iKarov. Diodorus says 450, Justin 280.

Chapter XI.

§ 1. TO xovoi)[i£vov = Tous n-oyov/xffovs, "hard-pressed." Thuc. uses

irSvovv (v. 73).

KaTo, TO irap6pp(07ds, "on the side whicii had been broken"—i.e., on tlie Persian left wing.

132 ARRTAN.

§2. Kal . . . S\, "but also." Cf. i. 4.

§ 3. d[j.pdTT)s = oLi'a/SaT7;s, an Ionic form used frequently in Xenophon.irXriOei, -iroXXol, Herodoteau. Cf. v. 44 ; v. 31.

§ 4. Curtius and Diodorus give a vivid account of a charge madeby Alexander on Darius— a hand-to-hand fight between

Alexander's bodj^guard and the Persian nobles. Arrian's

account seems the most trustworthy.

§ 7. Kal 7ap Kal, "for in fact," " for actually."

§ 8. 8€Ka (ivpid8«s. Plutarch gives the number of the Persian

casualties as 110,000, but Diodorus and Curtius agree Avith

Arrian.

IlToXtfiaios. Vide Introd., p. xxix.

§ 9. vVjirios- Accoi'ding to Diodorus he was nearly six years old.

6|JLdTL|jLoi. were the peei's of the realm, nobles who were all

equal in honour among themselves and next in honour to

the king. Cf. Xen. Cyr. ii. 1. 3; vii. 5. 85.

§ 10. Kal o-TpaTeuo[i€'vtj) o[xa)s, "even though he was campaigning."

MainaKTT]p^u)v = the end of October and beginning of November.

Chapter XII.

§ 1. ^vve'-yvw = knew from observation, almost = ^yrco.

o-u(A<}nov6v|j.€vov, " corroborated."

orvv TTJ ai,Ca.~pro merit is.

§ 2. <r&)|JiaTO(J)\jXdKwv. ViJe App. A, p. 14.5.

irtvTTiKOVTa rdXavTa, about £12,000.

§5. Gepdireia, " royal state.

"

§ 6. |AT]T6'pa ri\v Aape^ov

—

i.e., Sisygambis.

§ 8. etre iriGavbs, "even if it seems probable to historians tliat A.

would have done this ..."

Chapter XIII.

§2. tos TCTa-yiicvoi ^o-av = z^^sa ex acie—i.e., tliough drawn up for

battle thejf deserted their posts.

§ 3. -iroXvirpaYiiovcov. Amyntas attempted to set himself up as

despot of Egypt, but was killed in battle near Memphis.

Cf. Xen. Anab. v.. 1. 15.

§4. 'A7is = Agis II., who reigned from 338-330 B.C. He subse-

quently, with the help of Darius's Greek mercenaries,

attempted to free Greece from Macedonian rule. He was

NOTES, BOOK II. 133

finally defeated, and killed by Antipater, Alexander's

lieutenant, in 330 B.C.

§7. Svpia Tj koiXt), properly = the broad fertile valley between

Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon, but the term is loosely used to

denote the whole of southern Syria.

§ 8. 8<ra

—

sc. ?iv.

Chapter XIV.

§ L onrb yXcoo-o-iis. Cf. i. 25. 10.

§2. 'Apra^ep^iis— i.e., Ochus (362-339 B.C.) The Persian form of

the name was Artakhsliathra, meaning "the true, or

legitimate, kingdom."

^p^ev. As early as 336 Philip, after being appointed general-

issimo of the Greeks, had sent Attains and Parmenio to

prepare for his campaign against Persia.

§ 3. irapd. pa(riX.€ws. Darius thus recognises Alexander as a king,

and his equal.

TO. irio-Ta, " pledges of good faith."

§ 4. inrap|dvTcov

—

sc. ttjs ex^P"^— *•'''•> having commenced hostilities.

§ 5. oi SiKttiws, because Bistanes, Ochus's son, had a better claim to

the throne.

§ 8. KvpCov) Tf]s 'Ao-Cas. For Alexander's gradual assumption of

the character of an oriental despot, vide Introd., p. xiii.

§ 9. li, lo-ow = taviquam ad parem.

Chapter XV.

§ 3. 0T]PaCovs, who as rebels could not expect anything but harsh

treatment.

€vpi(rKo|Aevoi, tentative, "trying to . .."

€l 8tJ .S'C. iVpOLVTO.

ev6v|XT|6€Cs

—

sc. acprine.

§5. avTov, "personally."

evpicrK6|A£vov, "able to produce on his own behalf any plea."

§6. Bup\os= Djebel (1 Kings v. 32) = " mountain-district," M-as an

old strongly fortified city of the Pha?nicians.

§ 7. 'A5€|j.i\kos, a Hebrew name=" the strength of the king."

134 AURIAN,

Chapter XVI.

The Heracles of the Tyrians is the Assyrian deity Baal ( = " lord "),

worshipped at Tyre under the name of Melcarth ( = " lord of the city ").

Thus, like many of the so-called Greek gods, Heracles came fi'om

Babylonia to Greece through Pha?nician channels. The travels

of the "myth-complex" of Heracles may be represented roughly

thus : the Semites possessed, as almost all nations did, a sun-god ;

he is worshipped at various places, and acquires various local

attributes, usually by absorbing the cult of some local deity

—

e.g., at Tyre, Melcarth. Phtenician sailors and settlers carried

this cult to Greece, where there probably existed a local deity,

Hercles or Heracles, who possessed som« attributes similar to

those of Melcarth. The deities and cults are fused, and the result

is Heracles Melicertes, a god possessing the attributes of both

Assyrian and Greek deities. Thus we have an instance of the

borrowing of a "myth-complex" owing to similarity of attribute.

Following up its history, we find an instance of borrowing caused

by similarity of name. When Greece began to influence Rome,the Greek hero Hercles or Heracles (the latter form probably being

due to popular etymology, deriving it from "Hpa and (cAe'os) wasconnected by the Romans with their indigenous god Herclus, the

god of the home-enclosure and farm, so that we may say that the

Roman Hercules is probably made up of a Semitic sungod plus a

Greek local deity plus an Italic deity. The various steps, how-ever, in his journey from east to west must remain somewhatconjectural.

§ 1. TToXaioTaTov. According to Herod, (ii. 44) the temple musthave been built 2750 c.c.

©TlPas, Cadmus {i.e., Hebrew Qadmi, "an Eastern man")was said to have migrated to Thebes, 1366 B.C.

§ 2. Kara AdpSaKov, " in the time of."

§ 3. &yov(riv = vofxi^ovcriv.

diWov TovTov Aiovxi<rov. We expect &X\ov A. rhv Aibs, k.t.K.

toCtoi/ is put in to explain "just as the Athenians worship

another Dionysus, the son," &c.—lit, "worship the son . , .

a different Dionysus this."

"laKxos, "the chant lacchus," "the lacchus song." This wassung in the great procession of priests and people through

the streets of Athens on the sixth day of the great Eleusinia,

§ 4. ws . . . 7€ . . . SoKco, "so also ... I tliink that . .."

NOTES, BOOK II. 135

o-rfjXai (cf. Herod, ii. 33 ; iv. 152)

—

i.e., at the Straits of

Gibraltar.

§ 6. TTjs ji£7dX.T]s 9aXdo-<riis

—

i.e., the Mediterrauean.

TiBe'ixcvov = Tiyov/xei'oi'.

§ 7. sis TovTo, adhuc,

§8. €s TO. irapovra, " under existing circumstances."

§9. irpos opY^v, "angrily." Cf. Trp^s jSi'ai', "violently."

Chapter XVII.

§ 1. oi<r<j)a\TJ

—

sc. ovffav.

SiuKciv depends on aa<pa\Xi below. Supply -^.uas, " that weshould leave behind us . . . Tj're . . . and pursue

Darius."

§ 2. (AT) irore depends on the general idea of apprehension in § 1.

§ 3. dve'lovTat with infin. , usually with participle.

§ 4. irapao-Ti^o-ajievoLS. Cf. i. 2.

|X€Td Tov €S TO, oKkol dcr<}>aXovs, "with a feeling of safetj' witli

regard to home affairs."

«irl TttSf, "on this side of." Cf. i. 3. 1, tV fKe7i>a toC . . .

Chapter XVIII.

§ 1. kvvfrviov, "in his sleep," an ace. in apposition to the sentence.

Cf. H. ii. 56, de'iSs fxot ivinvviov ijKQ^v ovetpos.

elTj-yeiTo, "interpreted."

Kal -yap Kal, " for in fact," " for certain]}'."

§ 2. VT]cros. The island was about half a mile from the mainland

(lude map).

§3. TttvTa

—

i.e., the arguments advanced by Alexander in favour

of besieging the city. Strategically Alexander was com-

pelled to take Tyre, otherwise the Phtenician fleet and the

Persian fleet might have combined and ruined his prospects.

XW|xa. This mole was 200 feet across (Diod. x\ni. 40).

tt'tTOV—.sc. TOV X^P'OV.

§ 4- XP'Hl''"''''"'''presents of money.

§6. 8€pp£is= raw hides; 8i<})0€pai, prepared tanned hides. Cf.

Thuc. ii. 75.

136 AKEIAN.

Chapter XIX.

§ 1. TavTT], "there"

—

i.e., within the enclosure.

§2. ^piiara, "ballast."

§3. €v<r€iovcrLv, " they dashed it against . .."

«^€VT|^avTo. Curtius saj's the men did not swim ashore but

jumped into small boats which were waiting for them.

§5. 'ivi(r\iv, "I'eached." Diodorus and Curtius state that the

palisade was mostly demolished by a tempest, not by fire.

Chapter XX.

§2. Trepi-rroXos, lit., a patrol-vessel or guard-ship similar to the

Salaminia and Paralus at Athens.

§ 4. €ir' 'Apapias, because, according to Curtius, a party of about

thirty Macedonians, whilst collecting timber on Lebanon,

had been killed by Arabs.

§5. Toi \i.iv Twv TavTT) almost=:Toi/s fxev—i.e., some of the mount-

aineers of that district.

€Travfj-y€V

—

sc. arparhv.

§ 6. SieKirXovs was almost the onlj' naval manoeu\Te practised bythe ancients (cf. Hei'od. vi. 12 ; Thuc. i. 49). We gather

that it consisted in rowing a ship at full speed through the

enemy's line so close to one or two of their ships as to bi'eak

the oars and possibly the rudder. The attacking ship then

turned round and grappled with the disabled ship.

§ 8. TO, «rTd(j.aTa eSe'xovTo, Attic fSexero. Cf. App. C, p. 157.

§ 9. dvTwrpwpois

—

i.e., with their prows turned towards him.

Chapter XXI.

§ 3. d7rofj.dxecr6ai. Cf. i. 1. 7.

§ 4. Kttl rd Ttfx^T). In addition to the means of defence mentioned

in § 3, there was also {koI) the height of the walls to be

considered.

Kara to X'^H^°'>" opposite."

Is "irXaTos |v|Ji|Ji€Tpov, "with a breadth in proportion to their

height."

§ 5. ola 8^. Cf. i. 3. 4.

§ 6. jJ.T]8ev irXe'ov yi'yveo'Sai ; ovh^v irXeov jxoi yiyvtrai (cf. Herod. ) = I

get no further ; I get no advantage ; I do iro good.

NOTES, BOOK II. 137

§ 8. eK TToWov, " for a long time."

§ 9. eiri |iids v€ws=in single file. Cf. Time. ii. 90,

KcXevtm^S was the man who gave the time to the rowers,

hortator remhjum (Plant. Merc. iv. 2. 5), /ceAeuo-yua being the

song or chant of the rowers. On large boats a flute-player

{Tpn)pavXris) was also employed.

Tois KWTTas Trapa<j)ep«iv = ipfaaetv.

138 AERIAN.

Chapter XXII.

§ 2. Ik twv irapdvTwv, masculine.

^KOTTTov, "shattered," used especially of the damage done by

one boat ramming another.

§ 4. Iiravd^eiv

—

sc. ras vavs.

l^aKOvoTov

—

i.e., TO eyKfXevaOiv.

§ 7. [AeTTJti

—

sc. Alexander.

eirl ^iya— ein iroAv, "to a considerable extent."

o<rov, SiC. — ToaovTov direTrtipddr) oaov eiri^aXwv ye<pvpas tis dwo-

ireipdrat. The sense is: Alexander made an assault to the

extent of throwing a bridge over to the part of the wall

where the breach was.

Chapter XXIII.

§ 1. <j>vXd^as= eTiTTjpTJcras.

Tov T€i)(^oDS depends on in) yue'yo.

§ 2. -irctcTaipoi. Cf. App. A, p. 145.

^ irapeiKoi. Cf. Thuc. iii. 1, '6TT-p irape'iKoi, "where it was

possible, practicable."

§ 3. dji,<|>ip6\ovs, in Thuc. iv. 36, "exposed to a crossfire," but here

= distracted, in doubt. It is possible that Arrian mis-

understood Thucydides' use of the word.

§ 5. ov irdvTT] diroToixo), not abruptly precipitous on every side as

the walls were.

§ 6. liT-l Si avTw, '

' after him."

8id TWV €irdX|£aJv. The fTrdX^ets on parapets were onlj' a few

feet thick ; behind them was a space of at least six feet to

allow the defenders fighting-room.

Chapter XXIV.

§ 1. p.cT€(opois, " in deep M'ater," usually " on the high seas."

§ 2. 'A-yrivopiov, the shrine of Agenor, the reputed founder of Tyre.

§ 3. TpipVj, a delay of seven months.

§ 5. 01 tv Tikii, " those in authority."

Oecopol. The sending of these sacred envoys to the mother-

cit}', Tyre, implied that Carthage recognised her duties as

NOTES, BOOK II. 139

a colony, and we know that the promise of Carthaginian

aid had encouraged the Tyrians in their resistance.

§ 6. d-yciiva. Cf. ii. 5.

fl OTOV, /c.T.A. =^ &Wov iroiTjaai'Tcs ocnis 5r) iiroiricre.

dpXovTos, 332 B.C.

'EKaTO|ipatwv = the first month of the Attic year—the second

half of July and the first half of August.

Chapter XXV,

§ 1. irpeo-peis. For the first embassy, vide chap. xiv.

T^v xwpav

—

i.e., Upper Syria and the whole of Asia Minor.

elvai depends on Sovuat.

iraiSa, Statica by name.

§3. ov movros = recusantis. Cf. ovk iav^prohiber'e.

Chapter XXVI.

§ 1. rd?a = Hebrew Azzah, a fortress, now Ghazza. Its situation

on the border of Palestine and Egypt made it a strategic

point of great importance.

€l'KO(ri

—

i.e., about 2h miles, but Strabo says the city was only

seven stades distant from the sea.

Yw|JiaTos, this round hill on which the modern town is built is

about sixty feet high and about two miles in circumference.

§ 2. TT] irpuTT]

—

sc. ^/ue'pa.

§ 3. So-a> onropwTepov, as if roaovrui fjLaWov had preceded.

irapaXoYO). Cf. i. 9.

§ 4, <rv|iix€Tpws

—

i.e., to a level with the city walls.

KaTdpx6o-8ai, a technical term of sacrifice, to begin the first

sacred rite—usually .to cut a lock of hair from the forehead

of the victim.

t|jipdXX€i. Curtius states that the bird then settled on a tower

and was caught by the bystanders.

Chapter XXVII.

§ 1. €| vircpSeliov. Cf. i. 15, " from their commanding position."

€Kir\a7€is

—

i.e., losing his self-control in tlie excitement of tlie

action.

140 AEEIAN.

§ 2. KaTaTreXrr), a bolt from a catapult.

§ 4. virov6|iwv. Cf. Time. ii. 76 (the siege of Plataja).

Kareixov, "commanded," "held,"

§ 5. €v8oi)vai., supply as subject rh relxos.

§ 7. dirtGavov. According to other authorities 10,000 of the enemywere killed, amongst them Batis, whom Alexander draggednaked round the city tied to liis chariot, in imitation ofAchilles' treatment of Hector.

^vvoiKio-as, having repeopled the city.

141

APPENDIX A.

ALEXANDER AND HIS ARMY.

The ai'iny with which Alexander conquered the East was in the

main the creation of his father Pliilip. Philip, after six years' care-

Greek ^^^^ efforts, had produced what was before unknown—

a

armies professional army with a national spirit. Before his timebefore the art of war in Greece exhibited all the traits of ama-Phihp.

^g^jj, soldiery. Thus in the fifth century all warfare is

hoplite warfare ; every land battle (down to 400 B.C.) was decided by

the hoplitcs. All tactics, too, were uniform : each party drew up a

long line with a level front, the object being to bring all the meninto action at the same moment and let them fight it out, while

there was an entire want of co-operation between the two wings and

between cavalry and infantry. Everything, in fact, agreed with the

old Greek idea of a battle—it was an aywi/, a duel, in which the

victory is an end, not a means : when the heavy troops had won the

day tlie battle was over;pursuit was very rare ; everything was a

question of satisfying lioiiour.^

Philip altered all this. Developing the principles of Iphicrates,

Epaminondas, and Dionysius of Syracuse, he formed an armythe chief characteristics of which were : (1) it possessed

' ''' ^ excellent cavalry and light-armed troops; (2) a body of

heavily armed troops (the plialanx), which was more

mobile than the best hoplites of the day, the Thebans; (3) it was

well provided with siege artillery. It was well armed and well led.

Moreover, by a carefully graduated system of privileges ^ and exer-

cise of strict discipline, the true Macedonian element was so success-

1 Demosthenes complains that Philip does not fight like a gentle-

man because he carries on a campaign in winter.'^ E.g., the honourable terms ^affiKiKoi, a.yriij.ara, era^pot, Tre^eVaipoj.

142 AREIAN.

fully welded with the material supplied bj' the feudatory hill tribes,

that the result was a national patriotic standing army.

The reorganisation^ of tliis army by Alexander in reality affected

its form very little. He increased the cavalry, especially

Changes ^.j^g lighter branch of that arm, after Arbela. His reor-

Tr^ / ganisation of the infantry amounted to this : he trans-

formed a Macedonian into a Hellenistic force, enrolling

30,000 barbarians, and making such changes as would ensure the

amalgamation of the various elements of his army.

The composition of Alexander's army was as follows :

—

The Tre^eralpoi, heavy infantry. These formed theComposi- phalanx in the narrowest sense. With regard to the'**" **

phalanx it may be noted that it was 7iot the most im-

portant element in the Macedonian fighting line ; that it

was 7wf, one body, but had a number of independent units {rd^eis);

that it was 7iot a cumbrous immobile formation when compared with

the average hoplite body of the day." The phalanx wasHeavy

divided territorially into six^ independent Tct|eis, divi-'^'

sions made up originally by the contingents furnished

by the six districts of Macedonia. Arrian frequently uses for the

phalanx (^ naKiSoviK^ (pd\ay^) the terms al rd^tis toiv Ma/ceStJj/wr,

al rd^eis rHiv irf^uiv, as well as ol ire^eTaipoi. The latter term

is, strictly speaking, a title of honour=" comrades-in-arms of the

king," applied to various branches of the service. In fact, in deal-

ing with the composition of the Macedonian army, the difficulty is

to distinguish terms which are strictly technical from those which

are merely used as complimentary titles.

The phalanx was armed with a short sword, with long lance or

pike (adptaaa) twelve to sixteen feet-* long, and the usual body

armour—helmet, cuirass, and greaves. Usually formed in a square

eighteen deep,^ the front lines holding their pikes stretched out, the

other lines resting theirs on the shoulders of the men before them

and at the same time leaning the weight of their body forward,

such a compact body resulted that its impetus was irresistible

1 Arr. iii. 16. 11 ; vi. 21. 3 ; vii. 23. 3 ; 25. 6.

2 Cf. the quick sectional movement by which the phalanx opened

to let Darius' scj'the-chariots or the Thracian waggons pass through

the lines (Arr. i. 1).

'^ After Issus, probably nine. The term (pdAayyes is sometimes

employed for Tct|ejs. Both <pdkay^ and rd^is are used loosel3^

•* In later times it seems to have been eighteen feet long, accord-

ing to the evidence of Roman Avriters on the Macedonian phalanx.

6 Later, 16. Cf. Polybius, xii. 19. 6; Arr, vi. 1.

Greek peltast.

APPENDIX A: ALEXANDER AND HIS ARMY. 145

{ifj.0o\7iv oil (popriTTiy yiyvftreai, Arr. Tact. 12. 6). In addition to the

plialanx of Macedonians, the Greek mercenaries must be counted as

heavy infantry ; they -were armed as hoplites with a large shield and

a small spear.

Intermediate between the ire^eTalpoi and tlie \f/i\o] {vide infra) were

tlie inraaTTKTrai. They were originally " houseliold troops " or "foot-

guards," but by degrees their numbers were increased

•^'f"^

t^"'^^ *^^^y v!eve formed into a regularly organised branch

of the service. Their equipment was probably, roughly

speaking, that of the peltasts of Iphicrates—a linen corselet, sandals,

Macedonian hat, a short spear for thrusting with, and perhaps a

long sword. The hypaspists were used by Alexander for assaults ^

on fortified positions, for rapid night-marches, but especially for all

quick field-manoeuvres in an attack. The cavalry and the ^i\o\ began

the engagement, the viraa-Kiaiai. followed, supported by the phalanx.

A picked body of the hypaspists, called the dyn/xa or v-KaairKnai ^aui-

\iKol (cf. Arr. V. 13. 4), served with the cavalry ayt]tJ.a as bodyguard

of the king.

The various bodies of troops classed as ifiAol served for the most

part as scouts and skirmishers. Under this head must be classed

, To^OTai (archers), aKOfnaTal (javelin-throwers), ffpfuSoi^rirai

^^ °'"(slingers). These troops were for the most part drawn

from Thracian tribes, especially the Agriani, who occupied the

mountainous districts of Pa^onia. The Agriani were, like Zouaves

and Bersagliere, especially useful for storming precipitous positions

or pursuing the enemy over rough country.

The original bodyguard of vTracmiaTal being no longer retained in

that capacity, the personal safety of the king was intrusted to a

strong picked corps, the awfj.aTO(pv\aKes (also called inraa-

Body=iriaTa] o'l 0a(ri\iKol), who always accompanied him on the

^^^'^'^'field (cf. i. 6. 5 ; iii. 17. 2). They were apparently a

sort of corps of pages, enrolled from the sons of Macedonian noble-

men {^acrtKLKol TraTSes). But the protection of the king in fight was

not their only duty : they acted in every way as general

staff officers, seven of their number (afterwards eight—cf.

vi. 18. 4) being prominent as brigadier-generals.

Alexander's father had early recognised the importance of cavalry,

and widely developed this branch of the service. The^' mounted troops in Alexander's army consisted of

—

(1) Heavy cavalry, tToipoi (or ol fTa7poi l-mri'is, ^ iiriros ?; kraipiKri,

1 Arr. ii. 20, 23 ; iii. 18.

146 ARRIAN.

lit., "brothers-in-arms"). This was an exclusively Macedonian

body, officered by Macedonian landowners according to^^^y

a territorial system. The divisions of the iratpiKv 'Imroscavalry. "^

are very uncertain, and undoubtedly were frequently

changed. It is probable that usually they were divided into fifteen

l\at, an "iXr] containing from 150 to 250 troopers. There was,

however, a sixteenth ifAij—the tA.?; ^SotriAiK?) or &yr)ij.a, who acted as

Alexander's cavalry liodyguard, and at whose head he usually rode

in a charge. In addition to the Macedonian Irajpoi, the Thessalian

mounted troops under Thessalian leaders must be classed as heavy

cavalry. All were armed with a short sword and a ^varov, a short

thrusting spear.

(2) As light cavalry we find the aapi(T(To(\)6poi employed. They

were lancers, as their name implies—about 1000 in all. They were

armed with a shorter and lighter form of the infantry^^

sarissa. Tiiey corresponded almost exactly to the

Cossacks of the Russian army, and were employed by

Alexander almost entirely in outpost duty, scouting, and clearing

large districts of the enemy.

Summary.

A. Infantry.

1. Phalanx (in narrowest sense), heavy infantry armed with cra.pi-

(Tffai. These were accompanied by a force of volunteers

—

mostly Greeks—more lightly armed, but similarly.

2. Uypaspistce, light infantry, footguards (Syr/^a).

3. ^i.\o\—i.e., slingers, archers, javelin - throwers (mostly Thra-

cians and Pajonians).

B. Cavalry.

4. (Ta7poi, heavy cavalry, the old national yeomanry force, drawn

from Macedon and Thrace.

5. a-apt(r(To(j>6pot, light infantry.

This force was accompanied by as complete a siege-train as then

could be devised, composed of such artillery as KaTaTreArat, irfrpo-

$6\oi, acpiTTtpia tipyava. The successful sieges of Tyre and Gaza (ii.

18-23; 26. 27) sufficiently attest Alexander's skilful use of such

apparatus.

APPENDIX A: ALEXANDER AND HIS ARMY 147

As to the numbers of Alexander's army we cannot always be

certain. The following is the account given by Dio-

dorus of them at the review held before the battle of

the Granicus.

Infantry.Men.

Macedonian phalanx and liypaspistre 12,000

Allies . . . .

' 7,000

Mercenaries.......... 5,000

Odrysa^, Triballi, Illyrii, 1 , , , f 5,000

Agriani and archers, J l 1,000

30,000

Cavalry.Men.

Heavy Macedonian cavalry, under Philotas.... 1,500

Heavy Thessalian cavalry, under C'allas .... 1,500

Irregular Greek cavalry ....... 600

Light Thracian cavalry, under Cassander .... 900

4,500

Thus in numbers Alexander's force seems small (it probably never

numbered rnore than 40,000 fighting men), but, for a rapid campaign

with long marches through an enemy's country, a larger force would

have been unwieldy.

Alexander usually drew up his fighting-line in the following order

:

the army was practically divided into two wings—the left imder

Parmenio, the right under Alexander—making up a lineThe light-

a^]jQ^^^ half-a-mile long. The wings were everything, theincr=line.

.j >->

centre nothing. The duty of the right wing was to

deliver the attack, the left to stand fast and resist the enemy.

Beginning on the left, the troops were probably arranged as follows :

(I) the Thessalian and allied cavalry; (2) phalangitaj, Tre(fTa7pot

;

(3) viraairicrTal; (4) cavalry, eraTpoi ; (5) the heavy cavalry (^777^0)

supported by light Pa?onian cavalry; (6) Agrianians and bowmen.

The subjoined plan (p. 149) shows the probable arrangement of the

fighting-line at the Granicus.

Alexander, like Cromwell, won all his battles by charges of heavy

cavalry. It was the irresistible onset of his heavy life-guards, with

„ himself at their head, wliich won the day. The phalanxTactics. . .

played a secondary part : divided into two columns, it

threatened the enemy's right and centre, exhausted their energy,

148 ARllIAN.

and kept them engaged whilst tlie main Macedonian attack wasdelivered. Alexander usually, as, for instance, at the battle of the

Granicus, advanced his squadrons by a quick movement in echelon

(" step-formation") to the right to induce the enemy to extend their

left wing for fear of being outflanked, thus making a weak point in

their left centre ; on this point he then delivered a heavy-cavalry

attack and succeeded in breaking their line.

Alexander was above all a cavalry general : he realised that the

strength of the East lies in its cavalry.^ To meet Eastern cavalry

Alex= tactics he developed his cavalry. At the time of his

ander's death he was even breaking up the phalanx into lighter

use of order ; and from this time forward no general thought ofcava ry.

fighting on foot, as Epaminondas had always done. Theweak point in Alexander's generalship lay in the fact that he

always himself led his cavalry charges, and thus exposed himself to

unnecessary risks. For though such a personal example must have

inspired confidence in his men, yet as a general lie should have

remembered that with his death the campaign must end.

Alexander as a tactician is not so out-of-date when comparedwith those of more modern times as might be at first supposed,

Al xander ^^^ there are many parallels which can be drawn

from a between his military methods and those of later times,

modern and even lessons in generalship to be learned from his

5tand= example. Napoleon, as we know, professed himself a*""" pupil of Alexander, and in several points seems to have

carefully followed the tactics of his master. Among the points of

good generalship which are valid for all time and were prominent

features of Alexander's campaigns one may note his extreme care

for sea-bases, and the maintaining communication be-His care tween fleet and army. Thus after Granicus he carefully

bases established several secondary sea-bases such as Halicar-

nassus, a most necessary precaution ; for if the Persians

had followed Memnon's advice, which was strategically the only plan

possible, to retire -slowly and delilieratel}', destroying all provisions

—as Wellington did in Portugal in 1810—and at tlie same time to

create a diversion by harassing Macedonian bases in Greece, there

is no doubt that Alexander would have found himself in a very

serious position.

Alexander, too, was an ideal general in possessing the faculty of

^ The history of the East shows that this has always been so.

Persians, Parthians, Arabs, Huns, Magyars, Turks of the middle

ages, Cossacks, are all essential types of Eastern cavalry.

APPENDIX A: ALEXANDER AND HIS ARMY. 151

grasping a situation at once—knowing where the enemy's line was

most vulnerable, what position must be taken either toHis quick

gj^g^j-g ^j^g passage of his army or cut off the retreat of

tion ^^^ ^°^- '' M'^iny of the ' strategic points '

from the Hel-

lespont to Lahore are merely landmarks set up by his

intuitive skill in mastering the relation of geography to war."^ Alex-

ander, when once he had determined on taking a position or making

a movement, never lost time :" forward and strike " might have been

his motto as much as it was that of the great Russian Suvarrof.

Any one who has read the history of any of our small Indian frontier

wars—such as Churchill's ' With the Malakand Field Force '—and

then reads the fourth and fifth books of Arrian's 'Anabasis,' will at

once see how similar were the methods of mountainHisslcillin ^yarfare of Macedonians and English. The country

, covered is the same : the state of native societj'^ is thewariare. . . _ or»"^

same ; the men of Bajour pursue the same tactics m 1897

as their ancestors did when their city was stiU Bazira (Anab. iv. 27.

5). The result, too, is the same—victorj' rested with the troops

that were able to storm and hold the positions commanding the

mountain passes.

The parallel between Alexander and Cromwell as cavalry-leaders

has been mentioned above. The development, too, of the cavalry

„. arm in the times of both leaders is very similar. In the

similarity Civil War the infantry consisted of pikemen and

to Croni= musketeers, and the object of a good cavalry generalwell. ^^g ^Q attack the musketeers when unprotected by the

ground, roll them back up to the pikemen, and in the confusion

break through the pikemen and cut them down. Cohesion and

impact were now realised to be the two points of excellence in

cavalry. They were no longer to be mere "pistoleers," who rode

lip, fired, then wheeled away to reload—as they were until the

tactics of Gustavus Adolphus were introduced into England. At

Dunbar, at Naseby, at Marston Moor, the battle was won by heavy

cavalry driving off the enemy's cavalry, then charging upon tlie

flank or rear of the pikemen and musketeers and routing them, just

as at Granicus and Issus the cavalry of the guard drove in the

cavalry on the Persian flank and then charged again and again

through the Persian infantry (cf. p. 148).

' Military Geography ' : Cambridge Geographical Series, p. 285.

152 ARRIAN.

THE MORE IMPORTANT TACTICAL TERMSIN ARRIAN.

(ruvTeTa"y|x€vos 6 o-rparbs = «ciVs instriicta, the army drawn up

ready for battle, either iir\ (pd\ayyos (eV (paXayyi), in deep close

column, or eV ixeTWTrcjj, with extended front. ?; (pdXay^ may be

roughly defined as a brigade made up of hoplites, light-armed

troops, and cavalry, with two wings. The whole front of an army

in this order= /ueVaiTToi' or <TT6/j.a; the centi'e rh fiiaov ; the wings

Ttt K^para ; the flanks -nKtvpai ; the rear ovpa. Opposed to the

phalanx-order, which may be represented thus

—

was the order called Kara Ktpas or lirl K€p«os ( — lonfjum agmeii).

The usual order of marching, the men walking by twos or fours,

sometimes in single file. If an attack was expected, the front was

extended by advancing the rear-files (either eir' aa-iriSa, to the

left, or itrl Sopu, to the right). The opposite movement, mak-

ing the front narrower, was called es fiddos tV (pd\ayya eirdyav

or iKrdrTiiv.

d|x4)(o-TO(xos is applied to <pd\ay^ when its formation consisted of

two fighting lines facing difi"erent ways, tlius

—

The object of this was to prevent flanking movements (cf. Anab.

iii. 12. 1, and Arr. Tact. 29).

eiriKajj.'Trios Tci^is, "angular" formation (cf. is iTriKafj.irr)!' TdTT(iv)=an order of battle in which one or both of the wings of the front are

APPENDIX A: MORE DIPOKTANT TACTICAL TERMS. 153

thrown forward at an angle with the centre to take the enemy in

flank, or thrown back to prevent outflanking by the enemy {u-n-fp-

(paAayyiwijts, ii. 9. 2).

/---... f ff ..--".

^|j.poXos (peg, wedge) = wedge-shaped formation, used for breaking

an enemy's line (Lat. acies cuneafa).

iv irXaKriw (oblong) or €v TrXivBio) (a brick) = formation in squares,

either wlien stationary or on the march ; in the latter case it = Lat.

aijrnen quadratum.

opBiot X6\oi, "in column," was the formation used when troops

advanced in bodies many men deep but with a comparatively small

front, with an interval between each body. The phalanx not being

very mobile on rough ground, \6xoi opdioi, column formation, wasalmost always employed against strong positions held by the enemy,

or fortresses.

<ruva<nrio-fj,6s { = (rvyK\u(Tat raj d<nrl5as, i. 1. 9), lit. = " joining of

shields together." Greek soldiers in open order (marching order)

were 6 feet from each other, in close fighting order (phalanx) 3 feet,

whilst in the (rvvaa-TricTinhs there was only Ih foot between man and

man. Arrian (Tact, ii.) defines this "joining of shields" as being

such a compact formation of the phalanx that the men individually

have no room to move ; the shields are held partly over the head,

partly over the side, according to the position of the men in centre

or the outside of the formation. The Roman testudo owed its origin

to tliis formation.

154 AREIAN.

APPENDIX B.

ALEXANDER IX LEGEND.

The numberless legends which have clustered around the nameof Alexander in all countries and throughout all ages show clearly

how deep was the impression he made upon tlie world. These

legends seem to have originated in Egypt and then spread into the

East, gathering new features as they went. The earliest collection

of them is found in the so-called pseudo-Callistheues (vide Introd.,

p. xxxi), of which a Latin translation by Julius Valerius is extant, as

also versions in Armenian and Syriac. The Persian poet Firdousi

tells of the exploits of Iskander (Alexander) as a Persian national

hero, and several Arabian poets repeat the marvellous tales with

variations. In Europe, too, we find many versions of the Alexanderlegend, the most noticeable of which is the twelfth-century com-pilation by Lambrecht. There are extant, too, several Christian Ethi-

opic texts on the same subject. Even to-day the natives of Kafiristan

consider themselves to be descended from Alexander's soldiers, andattribute various mounds and forts in the Dera-Ismail Khan dis-

trict to Sikundar Backliu, about whom and his charger Bucephalus

native tradition has much to say. lu all countries where the Alex-

ander legend prevails it varies but little, and is always wildly fan-

tastic and marvellous in the extreme. Thus Alexander builds a

brazen wall 500 yards high as a defence against Zajiij and Majuj(Gog and Magog); whilst monsters with camel's heads and such large

ears that one is used as a bed and the other as a tent are foiled

in their attempt to enter Alexander's realm. Again, armies of

monstrous ants oppose his march ; he penetrates the land of dark-

ness and finds the source of life ; he meets human beings with six

hands and six feet, sees fishes which have a jewel in their stomach

and can be cooked in cold water ; and in one romance, as Alexander

lies dying of poison, Bucephalus comes to him, weeps tears over

him, and after rending the poisoner in pieces, falls dead himself.

Riim (Rome

—

i.e., Europe) and Iran (Persia—i.e., the East) contend

for Alexander's corpse, which an oracle decrees shall be laid at

Alexandria. An epitome of Valerius's translation of the pseudo-

Callisthenes was in the ninth century probably the most widely read

APPENDIX B: ALEXANDER IN LEGEND. 155

book in Europe. This, together with the ' I^etters from Alexander

to Dindimus, King of the Brahnians,' and ' Alexander's Letter to

Aristotle on the Wonders of India,' botli of which probably, like the

pseudo-Callisthenes, took their origin in Alexandria about 200 a.d.,

are the basis of all the Alexander-epics wliich form an integral part

of almost every country's literature in the twelfth and thirteenth

centuries. There is no nation which in its poetry has not coveted

the honour of Alexandex-'s birth and career,—

" East and West have

associated his name with all that is great, and Christian and heathen

poets have thrown open to him the gates of Paradise " (Gerviuus).

Tlie huge thirteenth-century epic of more than 20,000 lines—the

'Roman d'Alexandre'— the work in the main of Lambert le Tort

and Alexandre de Bernay, may be regarded as a typical ^ Alexander

romance in several ways. It contains work by very different hands,

and it finds no freak of fancy incredible, blending tales from Egypt,

Chaldc'ea, Palestine, and medieval Europe in the most naive and

hopelessly contradictory fashion. Thus Alexander, after receiving

his education from Aristotle and the enchanter Nectanebus (wlio

was also Alexander's father), captures Tyre and Ascalon and pro-

ceeds to Jerusalem, where he receives a splendid welcome—the

three latter facts being a reminiscence of the Crusades. He then

attacks Darius, who sends him a huge quantity of very fine flour

to betoken the immense numbers of the Persian host. Alexander

sends back a glove full of pepper, figuratively showing the biting

spirit of his soldiers. Darius conquered, Alexander vanquishes

Porus and proceeds to investigate India's wealth and wonders not

only on land but also at sea ; for in a barrel of glass he descends

to the depths of ocean and holds converse with strange monsters.

He then pursues Porus's allies—Cos and Magos (Gog and Magog)

—to the Pillars of Hercules, a pursuit involving new marvels and

new adventures,—mermaids, dog-headed men, men with heads and

chests split into two parts, a forest of flower-maidens which grow

out of the earth in spring and die down in winter—these are some

of the least marvellous episodes. Not content with exploring earth

and sea, Alexander sails through the skies in a light boat of wood

and leather drawn by four griffins, to which he presents meat on

the end of a spear, holding it above their heads when he wishes

to rise, below them when he wishes to descend ; and so on beyond

the wildest dreams of fantasy. To us such tales are interesting

only as showing what the world thought of Alexander as a mighty

hero and as a searcher after knowledge of every kind.

It was partly translated into English by Eustace of Kent.

156 AERIAN.

APPENDIX C.

ARRIAN'S LANGUAGE AND STYLE.

Simplicity and straightforwardness are the main characteristics

of Arrian's writings. Verbosity, exaggeration, and rlietorical de-

clamation are entirely foreign to his spirit, and so absent from his

style; yet his simplicity never degenerates into baldness of ex-

pression and monotony. These his careful training in oratory

enabled him to avoid by introducing occasionally speeches anddialogues. Some of these speeches strike a higher note than most,

notably that in vii. 9. 10, when the king appeals to the mutinousarmy. Although ancient authorities ^ all remark on him as beingan imitator of Xenophon, yet a close comparison" reveals verylittle actual linguistic similarity, and we must consider that thename vtos s.ei'ocpuv applied ratlier to inclinations and pursuits, andespecially to the close parallel which exists between the relation of

Arrian to Epictetus and Xenophon to his master Socrates.

In style Arrian is more virile and less invertebrate than Xenophon.Considering the time at which Arrian wrote, his language is singu-

larly free from un-Attic expressions and usages. The following are

^ Beginning at Photius, cod. 58, who says, lax"^^ 5e tV (ppdaivicrrl Kal /^i/xrjTTjs ws aATidus.

- As a matter of fact, Arrian seems to more often have followedHerodotus in his diction than Xenophon, as the following list ofHerodotean usages indicates : (ppivripijs, iii. 22. .3 ; Sa^^oir, iv. 29. 7 ;

dajx^iiv, V. 1. 5 ; AenroiJ/yx'O) vi. 11. 2; dTp(Kr]s, iii. 3. 1; afiavphs,v. 6. 7 ; affTt$^]s, V. 11. 1 ; iTTLKfprofii^v, vi. 8; 7)'Cwv, vi. 26; dracr-BaKos, vi. 27 ; iAivvetv, iii. 15 ; KATfi^eadai, vii. 7 ; apiSr^Xos, vii. 14 ;

^vveiaTrjKei liidxv, i- 15 (cf. Herod, i. 74) ; /xiyeOei fifyai, v. 19; irATjeei

TToAAoi, ii. 11 ; avyytyvuxTKav rivi ri, ii. 12 ; twv tis, ii. 26. 4 ; firl Se,

_" moi'eover," i. 3. 2 ; ttoOos \afj.$dvei fxiv, i. 3. 5 ; i<s oAkV rp^nea-Bai,

i. 8. 8 ; Sti ij.r] = nisi, i. 9. 3; iv vw Aa/j.l3dvetv, i. 23. 2; ^vi'ei'fx^V =^vve^ri, i. 1. 2; irpunos ^p^e, ii. 14. 2; ovSep &x"-P^ iraOelv, ii. 14. 5;ivKppaffQAs, iii. 2; SiaxpTjcrfiaz, " kill," iv. 8. 9; ov^atJio\ = ov^ives, v.

4; &pa, "care," iv. 18; fj.eTe^fTepoL = ^vwi, vi. 26. 1.

APPENDIX C: APRIAN'S LANGUAGE AND STYLE. 157

more noticeable cases wliere he expresses himself otherwise than an

Athenian of 350 B.C. would have done :

—

The neuter plural subject is occasionally followed by a plural verb,

usually to emphasise the plurality (cf. ii. 20. 8 ; vi. 91. 1).

ot, o-4>a)v, a-<j>i<ri, used as direct reflexive. Cf. i. 6. 9.

Tovs inrao-irieTTas &fia ol ( = aiiT^) fi-ytov. So i. 1. 7.

8s and 8<j-tis, often hardly distinct.

oi8€, to connect an affirmative sentence = Attic /cal oh. Cf. iii. 11.

3 ; iv. 15. 7.

irplv, with infin. after negative clauses (i. 7. 5; v. 11).

KaiToi, with part. =Ka'nrep (i. 5. 7 ; iii. 26).

Optative, after primary tense in main clause (v. 6. 6 ; vii. 7. 5).

dXXd. •yap= aA.A a.

Ktkiiav, with dative (i. 26 ; vii. 12) ; so w<peXut> (vi. 11. 3).

jjLe'XXeiv, with present infin.

vTTep = TT€p\. Cf. Dem.

d[i<^l, with dat. (i. 22. 3).

"Unattic" forms: inro(p0a.n-a}, KaTa(Tx^drivai, (TujU7re7r7)7/iai, tKirepi-

KXiiaovTa, Siapirayrfvat, SioffKeSatrouut.

158 ARRIAX.

APPENDIX D.

GREEK PARTICLES.

Copulative

—

Kttl sometimes emphasises a word=" at all"; ft rw Ka\ Bokov-

fifv . . . (Thuc. ii. 11).

Bl, initial "now" ; ^v Se tIs iroTe ..." now there was once upona time."

[i€V . . . Se, often used to introduce balance of clauses in Greek,where English is content to leave the connection implied ; in

such cases often = " whilst," "whereas."

Kttt . . . -ydp, "yes . . . for," " for in fact."

Kttl . . . yi, "j'es . . . and."

Ktti fiT|v Kttl, " and moreover."

Adversative

—

dXXd, " but " = strong contrast.

dWd . . . -ydp, "but enough for," . . . " but the truth is."

ov \i.i]v dXXd, "not but what," "nevertheless."

dXAd JJ.T1V, " but indeed."

ofjLcos 86, " but still."

8' ovv, " be that as it may "; resumes after a digression.

|A€'vToi, "however," "nevertheless."

KaiToi, " and yet" ; weaker than preceding.

ovx^ oTi, "not but that" (lit., I was not going to deny tliat

;

parenthetically).

fji-fj oTi, "not to say" . . . "not suffering us to say"; "muchless," "much more."

\ii] rC ye 8t|, "much less."

ov\ 8ira)S ..." much less "; ovx ottus iytKaaa d\A' oirSc fdav/xaa-a,

"I did not even wonder, much less laugh" ; so, fi^ Sttcos, ^t;

OTI.

dXXd VT| Aid, " Oh ! but I shall be told " = at enim.

APPENDIX D: GREEK PAPvTICLES. 159

Causal and illative

—

7ap, "for"; often to carr^- on the Rense="yes," "no" ; outcc yap

irdaiv 5ri\ov yei -i^aeaeai, "thus, tliey said, the matter would beexplained."

Toivvv, "so," "therefore"; of. autem, rather colourless; commonin the orators.

6pa, "then," "after all," "so," specially with imperfect andaorist ; Kvirpis ovk &p' ^v Oihi, " Cypris, it turns out, is not agoddess.

"

ovv, "so," "therefore" ; often resumes.jravti [i.€v o5v, "yes, most certainly."

&T€, "inasmuch as," "whereas," always with participles;

frequent ; ore SiwKoi/res i(nrovSa(ov, " since they were pursu-ing, they made haste."

aX\«s T^ Kal, " especially since " . . .

Transitional

—

tI B\, " again " = Lat.,

quid; an anticipatory question, whichforms a transition, and draws attention to the sentence whichfollows.

Kal (A'fiv Kal, " and again."

Affirmative and corrective

—

7€, "at least" ; in Plato often = "yes" ; TravTairaai ye.

TOL, "let me tell you," "rest assured" ; the confidential particle.

8i]Trou, " I suppose you know "; ironical.

yovv, " at any rate " ; gives a special instance of a general

statement.

(J.€v ovv, "nay, rather" ; Lat., immo.avTiKa, " for instance."

aX.T]0€s, "you don't mean to say so?" ironical ; Lat., itane vero?St) implies strong emphasis; roVe 5T; = "then, and only then";

Lat., turn demum. Note S?;, of implied untruth—"as theysaid." Also resumptive, " as I mentioned above."

SfJTa, "indeed," usually in questions; t\ S^ra, "what, pray?"fj (i'^v, of very strong asseveration ; "I swear it."

SfjOcv, like 5?; and apa, a "dramatic" particle, representing thetone or feeling of the speaker ; often implies irony.

160

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES.

The references are to hook, chapter, and section. JVhere the reference only is given,

sufficient explanation will he found in the text or notes.

"ApSTjpa, a city of Thrace, near the mouth of the Nestus. I. 11. 4.

"Apv8os (now Avido), a city on the Asiatic sliore of the Hellespont,

which is here seven stades broad. I. 11. 5.

*A"yT)v6piov, Agenor's shrine in Tyre. II. 24.

'Ayt]a-l\aos. II. 13. 6.

'A71S, king of Sparta, 338-330 B.C. ; rebelled against Alexander.

II. 13.

'A*yKvpa, a city of Galatia (now Angora). II. 4.

'AYpiavcs, a tribe of P.-eonia (modem Croatia, Bosnia). They fur-

nished a useful contingent of light horse and scouts to Alex-

ander. I. 1.

"A8a, daughter of Hecatomnus, King of Caria, appointed queen-

satrap of Caria by Alexander. I. 23.

•A88aios. I. 22.

'Ae'poiros, a chieftain of Lyncestis in Upper Macedonia. I. 7. 6.

'ASe'ixiXKOS, King of Tyre. II. 15 ; 24.

Al-yal, the residence of the Macedonian kings (now Vodcna). T. 11.

Al-yos iroTaiAoi. I. 9. 3.

AI|j.os, the Balkan range reaching from Pontus to Mount Skomios.

The chief pass in Mount Hiemus is the Porta 7'rajani, now the

pass of Skapi. I. 1. 5.

'AXe'|av8pos, son of ^Eropus. I. 7- 6.

'AX«'|av8pos. Introd., p. xii.

'AXtjiov •Tr€8iov, a fruitful plain between the Saros and Pyramus

rivers (cf. Horn. II. vi. 201). II. 5. 8.

'AXiKoLpvao-o-os, capital of Caria (now Budrun), besieged by Alex-

ander. I. 20.

'AXvs, chief river of Asia Minor. II. 4.

INDEX OF PKOPEE NAMES. 161

'A|jia0oi)s, a town in Cyprus. II. 22.

'A|xaviKal irvXai, the pass from Cilicia to Syria through wliichDarius passed to the plain of Issus (now the pass of Mara.sch)II. 7. 1.

'Afi,4>eiov, Ampliion's shrine in Thebes. I. 8. 6.

'A(A<j)t7ro\is, a city on the Strymon. I. 1.5.

'Av9£|io\)o-(a i\r], the cavalry contingent from tiie Macedonian town,Anthemus. II. 9. 3 ; vide App. A, p. 142.

'AviK-qros, <Lp\(av. II. 24. 6.

*AvTa\Kt8ou eipTJvt]. II. 1. 4.

'AvTiTrarpos, father of Cassander; one of Philip's most trustygenerals. I. 7. 6 ; II. 2. 4.

'AiroWtovCa, a town of Mygdonia. I. 12. 7.

"ApaP^s. Used of the Arab population of Gaza and also of theBedouins of Lebanon. II. 25. 4 ; 27. 1.

"ApaSos, a small island (now Ruad) on the coast of Phrenicia.

II. 13. 8.

'Aperiis, leader of Alexander's light horse at Gaugamela. I. 15. 6.

'ApCo-Tav8pos, Alexander's favourite seer and prophet. I. 11. 2 ;

25. 8; 26. 4.

'Apio-ToPovXos, historian. Preface, 1 ; II. 3. 7 ; vide Introd., p. xxxii.

'ApKrTOT£'\T]s, the philosopher. Introd., p. xiii.

'AptrdfiTis, satrap of Cilicia and Persian general. I. 12. 8 ; II. 4. 5.

"Ap<rT)s, King of Persia. II. 14. 2.

'Ap(rirr\s, satrap of Phrygia ; defeated at Granicus. He committedsuicide. I. 12. 8.

'Apra^ep^iis the Second. I. 12. 3.

'Apraiep^T)? the Third ; Ochus, King of Persia, 362-338. II. 14. 2.

"ApTejits. I. 17. 9.

'AcTKavia, a sea-water lake in Phrygia on the road to Celffince. Cf.

Herod, vii. 30. I. 29. 1.

^A<rarvpla= ^vpia. II. 5. 1 ; 6. 1.

"ArraXos, leader of tlie Agrianian liglit troops. II. 9. 2.

AvTo4>pa8dTT]s, Persian general. II. 1. 3.

•AxiXXtiis. I. 12. 1.

BapvXtt>v = Bab-ilu— i.e., the gate of God, capital of Babylonia,situated on both sides of the Euphrates

; population over twomillions

; area tliree times that of London. A few ruins at thevillage of Hillah mark its ancient site. II. 14. 8 ; 16. 5.

Baywas, an Egyptian, a favourite of Artaxerxes III., who waspoisoned by him. He put Codomannus on the throne, and wasafterwards executed by him. II. 14. 5.

162 AERIAN,

Bans. II. 25. 4.

BvpXos, one of the oldest Phcenician cities, now Djebel. II. 15. 6.

Bv^avTiov = Constcantinople, founded 667 B.C. I. 3. 1.

Tola, a well-fortified town in south of Palestine. Very important

strategically, as it commanded the road connecting Palestine

and Egypt. II. 26. 1; 27. 6.

Tirai 01 dGavarC^ovrts, a Thracian tribe from the banks of the Ister

(Danube). I. 3. 2.

rXavK^as, king of the Taulantii. 1. 5. 1.

FopSiov, formerly the residence of the Phrygian kings, situated on

the Sangarius river (now the Sakkaria). Strategically important

because here the natural route from the Sea of Marmora—in part

now the line of a railway—meets the great Anatolian highway.

I. 29. 3 ; II. 3. 1.

PpaviKos, a small river in N.W. Asia Minor ; rises in Ida and flows

into the Propontis. I. 13. 1.

Aa|j.a<rKOS = modern Esh Sham; built in an oasis; capital of

Ccelesyria. II. 11. 9.

Aap€ios Ko8ofj.dvvos. Introd., p. xxii ; I. 12. 4; II. 6. 1; 8. 1;

14. 1.

Aao-KviXiov, a town on the Propontis, centre of the satrapies of

Mysia and Phrygia Minor. I. 17. 2.

Aii|xd8T)s, one of the ten Attic orators ; violent opponent of Demos-

thenes and his anti-Macedonian policy. I. 10. 3.

AiifidpttTOS, a Corinthian, one of Alexander's staff. I. 15. 6.

At)|aoo-06vt)s, the orator, leader of the patriotic anti - Macedonian

party. I. 10. 4.

Aiowo-os. II. 16. 3.

"EPpos, the largest river of Thrace (now the Maritza). I. 11. 4.

'EKttTaios, one of the earliest Xnyonoiol (chroniclers) ; fl. 550-476 B.C.

at Miletus. Herodotus borrows largely from his works. II.

16. 5.

'EXXdviKos, one of Alexander's generals. I. 21. 5.

EvvXos, King of Byblus. II. 20. 1.

'EiraiA«ivtt.v8as, leader of Thebes during the " Theban supremacy"

(cf. App. A). I. 9. 4.

"Epp.os, a I'iver, flows through Phrygia and Lydia (now the Sarabat).

I. 17. 4.

Eiipoia. II. 2. 4.

Evpvii^Swv, a river of Pamphylia. I. 27. 1.

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES 163

"E<f>eo-os, the richest city of Ionia. Its site, at the mouth of theCa^-ster, is now marked by the ruins near the village of

Ayasalouk [vide illustration, p. 36). I. 17. 9.

Zt'Xeia, a city at the foot of Mount Ida. I. 12. 8.

'H-yeXoxos, admiral of the Macedonian fleet. II. 2. 3.

'HpaK\eovs o-rriXai = Calpe (Gibraltar) and Abyla (Ceuta). II. 16. 4.

'HpaKXi]s. II. 24. 6 (note).

'Hpo8oTos of Halicarnassus, "the father of history," fl. 443 B.C.

Frequently imitated by Arrian (cf. App. C, note). II. 16. 3.

'H(})aicrTiwv, Alexander's bosom-friend and comrade; captain of the

&y7]fia (the "king's own" corps) ; adjutant-general of the army,

I. 12. 1 ; II. 12. 6.

0d\|/aKos = Tiphsah (the ford) of 1 Kings iv. 24; once the farthest

city of Solomon's kingdom, now ruins near El Hama ; important

city commanding the trade-route from Syria to the interior of

Asia. II. 13. 1.

Geo-o-aXol. I. 14. 3 ; II. 7. 8.

GriPai. I. 7. 1.

0T)p(ov, tyrant of Agrigentum. I. 12. 2.

©paKT], the north coast of the .Egean from the Strymon to the

Bosphorus, a rough mountainous district, nominally tributary

to Macedonia. I. 1. 4.

'IdJvYts, a branch of the lagj^ges (a tribe dwelling on the banks of

the Dnieper) who had settled between the Danube and the

Theiss. I. 3. 2.

"IaKx.os, the festal song sung at the Elerisinia in honour of Dionysus,

II. 16. 3.

"ipT|p€s, the inliabitants of the Spanish peninsula. II. 6. 4.

"IXtov. I. 11. 8.

'IXXvpiot, tribes akin to the Thracians, inhabiting the modernDalmatia, Bosnia, and Southern Croatia. I. 1. 4.

'IdXaos, a friend and charioteer of Heracles, wnrshipped at Thebes.

I. 7. 7.

'liTiTias. II. 13. 6.

'Icro-ds, a small town at the north foot of the Amankce iiyhv, situated

in a narrow valley. II. 7. 1 ; 20. 3.

"lerrpos, Thracian name for the lower reaches of the Danube, later

called by the Celtic name Danuvius ; formed the northern

border of Alexander's kingdom. I. 2. 1 ; 3. 1.

'I(j)iKpdTTis. II. 15. 2, 4 ; App. A, p. 145.

164 ARRIAN.

Ka8|A€ia, the citadel of Thebes ; since 338 B.C. held by the Mace-

donians. I. 7. 1.

Kd8[Aos ( = Kedem, Qadmi, an Eastern man), the legendary founder

of Thebes. II. 16. 1.

KairiraSoKfa, a province of Asia Minor, between Cilicia and the

Black Sea. I. 16. 3.

Kapia, a south-western province of Asia Minor. I. 20. 2 ; 23. 6-S.

KapxTjSdvioi, Carthage ( = Phcen. Kiriath-Hadeschath— i.e., New-town), the most populous and powerful city of N. Africa. II.

24. 5.

KeXaival, a town in Phrygia. I. 29. 1.

KeXral, a widely spread branch of the Aryan people occupying at

one time France, Britain, Spain, and a large part of S. German}-.

I. 3. 1.

KepKiviTis, now the lake of Terkino (cf. Herod, v. 15). I. 11. 3.

KiXiK^a. II. 4. 2 ; 12. 2.

KXe'apxos. I. 22. 7.

Koivos, leader of Alexander's phalanx. I. 6. 9 ; II. 8. 3 ; 23. 2.

KoXojval, a small city of Mysia. I. 12. 6.

KovdSai, the Quadi, a powerful Teutonic race (wronglj' called Celts

by Arrian) occupying, in Arrian's time (120 A. d.), S.E. Germanybetween the Hercynian Forest and the Danube. I. 3. 2.

Kovpuvs, an inhabitant of Curion, a town of Cyprus. II. 22. 2.

Kparepos, Alexander's most valued heavy-infantry general. I. 14.

2 ; II. 8. 4.

KxiSvos, a river of Cilicia (now the Carasu). II. 4. 7.

KvjiT], the largest of the ^Eolian cities of Asia Minor, mother-city

of Side in Pamphylia and Cumai in Campania. I. 26. 4.

Kvva, Alexander's sister. I. 5. 4.

Kvirpioi. Cyprus supplied the best sailors for Alexander's fleet.

I. 18. 7; II. 20. 7.

Kvpos, Cyrus the younger. I. 12. 3 ; II. 4. 3.

Kws, an island off the coast of Asia Minor near Halicarnassus.

II. 5. 7.

Adyyapos, king of the Agriani. I. 5. 2.

Ad^os IlToXeiAalos. Introd., p. xxxi.

Ad8ii, an island off Miletus. I. 18. 4 ; 19. 3.

Ad|A\J/aKos, a city on the Hellespont (now Lapsaci). I. 12. 6.

Aedwaros, a Macedonian prince, Alexander's adjutant-general. II.

12. 4.

Ae'o-pos, a large and fertile island oft" Mysia. II. 1. 1.

Aeu-yaia I'Xt]. II. 9. 3.

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES. 165

Av8ia, the central district of the west coast of Asia Minor. I. 12. 8.

AvKovp^os, a leader of the patriotic anti-Macedonian party at Athens,

the most honest statesman and soundest finance minister that

Athens ever possessed. I. 10. 4.

AtPo-iTTTros of Sicyon, one of the greatest Greek statuai'ies, fl. 330

B.C. His works, said to have numbered 1500, were almost all

in bronze. I. 16. 4.

MaYapo-6s, a city of Cilicia. II. 5. 9.

Ma-yvT]<ria, a town in Caria, on a tributary of the Mreander. I. 18. 1.

MatavSpos, a river of Ionia, flows into Ionian Sea about ten miles

north of Miletus. I. 19. 7.

Mai|xaKTT|pL<ov, the fifth Attic month = end of October and beginning

of November. II. 11. 10.

MttKeSovcs. Introd., p. xxiv.

MaWbs, a city on the coast of Cilicia. II. 5. 9.

MavT£v€ia, a city in Arcadia. Here, in 362 B.C., Epaminondas

defeated the Spartans, but received his death-wound. I. 9. 4.

MapidfiiATi. II. 13. 8.

MapKojiavvoi, a Teutonic nation (not, as Arrian says, Celtic) whooriginally lived in the S.W. of Germany, but about B.C. 20,

under Maroboduus, migrated into the country of the Boii

(Bohemia) and founded a powerful kingdom extending as far

south as the Danube. I. 3. 2.

MeXe'aYpos, one of the leaders of the Macedonian phalanx. I. 4. 5

;

11. 8. 4.

M€(ivtov, the Rhodian leader of Darius's Greek mercenaries, the only

sound strategist on the Persian side (cf. App. A, p. 148). I.

12. 9; 11. 1. 1.

Me'vTis. II. 12. 2.

Mt'vTwp, brother of Memnon ; like him, a leader of Darius's Greek

mercenaries. II. 2. 1.

Mt'vwv, Alexander's governor of Coelesyria. II. 13. 7.

MfjSot ( = Pers. Mdda), the people of Media

—

i.e., west of the great

Iranian plateau, the most important province of the Persian

Empire. I. 9. 7 ; II. 6. 7.

M£8as, son of Gordius, King of Phrygia. II. 3. 1.

ML0pt8ttTT)s, Darius's brother-in-law. I. 15. 7.

MiOpCvTis, Persian commander of Sardis. I. 17. 3.

MtXiiTos, a flourishing seaport town of the Ionic Greeks, south of

Mycale {vide infra). I. 18. 3.

MvKaXi], a promontory on west coast of Asia Minor opposite Samos,

headquarters of Persian fleet. I. 18. 5.

166 ARRIAN.

Ne'apxos. Introd., p. xxx.

Neero-os, a river of Thrace (now the Mesto). I. 1. 5.

NiKoLvwp, son of Parmenio, commander of the Argyraspides

—

i.e.,

king's light-armed bodyguard. I. IS. 4.

Ni<|)dTT)s, Persian general. I. 12. 8.

'^evo^av, son of Gryllus, historian of the ' Anabasis ' of the ten

thousand Greeks. I. 12. 3 ; II. 4, 3.

Ol8iirovs, mythical king of Thebes. II. 16. 2.

'OXv(jnrta, in Elis on the Aljoheus ; here, every fifth year at the

begiiniing of July, the Oljnipic games took place. I. 11. 5.

'0\v(j.irias, Alexander's mother. Introd., p. xii.

"OjATipos. I. 12. 1,

'0|xdTL|jLoi, the Persian "peers." II. 11. 9.

'OpovTapaTTjs, satrap of Caria. I. 23. 1.

Xldyyaiov, a spur of Mount Rliodope between the Strvmon and the

Nessus, which Alexander crossed on his way to Asia. Xerxes

had followed the same route towards Greece (Herod, v. 16).

I. 11. 4.

Ilaiovia, northern part of Macedonia, which furnished Alexander

with some of his best light horse. I. 5. 1 ; II. 7. 5.

IIaLTi,K'f| x^P*' I- !!• 4.

IIap|j.€via>v, Alexander's most distinguished general ; had served

under Philip ; executed in 330 with his son Philotas for sup-

posed complicity in a conspiracy.

ndrapa, a town of Lycia, famous for its Apollo-cult. I. 24. 4.

ndrpoKXcs, Achilles' bosom-friend, slain by Hector. I. 12. 1.

na<j)\a-y6v€S, inhabitants of N. Asia Minor on the Black Sea.

II. 4. 1.

IleXXa, a fortified town in Lower Macedonia, residence of the kings.

Introd., p. xxvi.

Xlep-yi], a town in Paniphylia. I. 26. 1.

IlepS^KKas, the son of Orontes ; on him, as one of Alexander's

leading generals, the chief authority devolved after the king's

death. I. 6. 9 ; 14. 2 ; II. 8. 3.

IlepKtoTT], a town in Phrygia. I. 12. 6.

Ilepo-at. Introd., p. xxi ; II. 14. 4.

nerCvTis. I. 12. 8.

JlivKt], an island in the Danube. I. 2. 2.

IItiXiov, a fortress on the border of Macedonia and Illyria.. I. 5. 5.

IlCvSapos, the greatest Greek lyric poet, born near Thebes 522 B.C.

I. 9. 10.

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES. 1G7

IlKrCSai, inhabitants of tlie mountainous district in N. Pampliylia.

I. 24. 6.

nXaratal, an ancient city of Bojotia ; here, in 479 B.C., the Persians

were defeated. I. 8. 8.

Ilo\va"Trip)(o)v , a commander of the Macedonian phalanx. II. 12. 2.

Xlpidixos, hast king of Troy, shiin by Neoptolemus. I. 11. 8.

Ilpiairos, god of plenty and of the generative powers of nature.

I. 12. 7.

UToXcfj-aios, son of Lagus {vide Introd., p. xxxi). II. 11. 8.

Jli\ai = &fpfj.oTrv\ai—i.e., the pass between the Malian Gulf and a

spur of Mount (Eta ; it was about 50 feet broad and could be

closed with a gate. Here, in 480 B.C., Leonidas resisted the

Persians. I. 7. 5.

nvpa[i.os, a river of Cilicia. II. 5. 8.

'P€0|AC9pr]s, a satrap of Darius, killed at Issus. I. 12. 8.

' PoiorctKTjs, satrap killed by Alexander himself at Granicus. L15. 7.

SapSavdiraXos, mythical king of Nineveh. His fall and death are

supposed to have taken place in 876 B.C. II. 5. 3.

2dp8eis, the capital of Lydia, populous and well fortified. Its i-uins

are now called Sart {vide illustration, p. 84). I. 17. 3.

Savpo|xdTai, a wild Scythian tribe = Latin Sarmates. I. 3. 2.

Sc|ie'Xii, in mythology the mother of Dionysiis ; had important cult

at Thebes; probably to be identified with " Semlath of the

vineyard." II. 16. 1.

S€[j.Cpa|Ais, mythical foundress of Nineveh. I. 23. 7.

SecTTos, a Thracian city at the narrowest part of the Hellespont,

opposite to Abydos (now Jalova). I. 11. 5.

SiScov, the oldest city of Phoenicia (now Saida), twenty miles north

of Tyre. II. 15. 6 ; II. 19-24.

SirdXKTis, chief and leader of the Thracians. I. 28. 4 ; II. 5. 1.

2Kv0ai, a nomad people of Indo-Germanic stem, extending from tlie

Sea of Aral to the Don. I. 3. 2.

2oXoi,, a coast-town of Cilicia. II. 5. 5.

SiriOpaSdrT]?, satrap of Ionia. I. 12. 8.

2TV|i<}>aia, a district in the south-west of Macedonia. I. 7. 5.

SupjAos, king of the Triballi. I. 2. 2.

2vp<}>a|, leader of Ephesians. I. 17. 12.

Sa)KpdTi]s, one of Alexander's cavahy leaders. I. 12. 7.

StoiroXts, leader of Macedonian heavy cavahy. I. 2. 5.

2u>)(^oi, a people and district of Syria. II. 6. 1.

168 AKRIAN.

Tdpo-os, a populous city of Cilicia on the Cydnus ; the scene of

Alexander's severe illness. II. 4. 5

TapTT]o-o-os, an important colony of the Phoenicians in S. Spain on

the Guadalquivir (the Tarshish of the Bible). II. 16. 4.

TavXdvTioi, a small lUyrian clan near Dyrrhachium. I. 5. 1

.

TaCpos, a mountain-range of Cilicia and Lydia. II. 4. 7.

TeXfiwro-fis, a town of Caria. I. 24. 4.

Ttpfj.-qo-0-bs, a Pisidian town on Mount Taurus. I. 27. 5.

TijidXaos, one of the Spartan garrison of the Cadmea. I. 7. 1.

TpiPaXXol, an unruly Tlu'acian tril)e dwelling near the Danube,

reduced by Alexander and compelled to furnish troops for his

army. I. 1. 4.

TpiiroXis, an important town of Phaniicia, famous as a great trade-

centre (now Tripoli). II. 13. 2.

Tvpos (=:Pha5nician Sor—i.e., rock), the most popidous and flourish-

ing seaport and manufacturing city of Phtenicia. The city

proper lay on two small rocky islands 1600 yards from the land,

whilst the large suburbs, PaLx'tyrus (Old Tyre), were situated

on the mainland (cf. map, p. 137). II. 15. 6-24.

' YTr£p€i8i]s, one of the ten Attic orators, a leader of the anti-

Macedonian patriotic party and a friend of Demosthenes. Hewas killed by order of Antipater in 322 B.C. I. 10. 4.

4>apvdpa^os, son of Artabazus, successor of Memnon as Darius's

adviser. II. 1. 3.

4>tXnriros, Alexander's father [vide Introd., p. xxvi). I. 1. 1.

^iXtoTtts, son of Parmenio ; boon-comi^anion of Alexander ; leader

of Macedonian heavy cavalry ; executed by Alexander for

supposed complicity in a conspiracy. I. 2. 1.

4>oiviK€s, the inhabitants of the centre of the Syrian coast-line. I.

18. 7 ; II. 2. 5.

^pv^Ca, one of the chief districts of Asia Minor, was divided into

Greater Phrygia between Bithynia and Pisidia, and Lesser

Phrygia on the Hellespont. I. 12. 8.

XdpTjs, Athenian politician of the anti-Macedonian party. I. 10. 4.

'fl(xdpT)s, a commander of mercenaries under Darius. 1. 16. 3.

'flxos, King of Persia before Darius Codomannus. Introd., p. xxiii.

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