2J

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A GREAT AID TO STUDENTS.TTie poet Milton says : " IVe do amiss to spend seven or eight years merely scraping together so much miserable Latin and Greek as might be learned otherwise easily atui delightfully in one year."

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HOMER'S TTiTAD. GrOSPEL OF ST. JOHN. With the original Greek text. XENOPHON-S ANABASIS. By Hamilton and Clark.To be followed by School Editions of the otherClassic Writers,

on the same plan.

When the Latin tongue was the only language of diplomacy and scientific international communication, to acquire a knowledge of it was considered of more importance than at the present day. This method was then recommended by Cardinal Wolsey, John Ascham, Latin Secretary to Queen Elizabeth, and by John Milton, the best Latin scholar and writer of his time ; and " When by this way of interlining Latin in testimony of it John Locke says and English one with another, he has got a moderate knowledge of the Latin then be advanced a little further. Nor let the objection that he tongue, he may will then know it only by EOTE fright any one. This, when well considered, is not of any moment against, but plainly for, this way of learning a language. s them well The languages are has no other rule b m, these works PRrVATE LIBRARY advantages present:

CLARK'SAdapted

PF

iAMMAR.

to the It

In on

0amcs^MAuOJ

tther Systems.0.5 ;

of this scholar is learning in lessons extracte applied, a more ra always been the rt

The plan

for while the

its

exemplified s been properly of Latin has

em

Address

CHAELES DE SILYER &Publishers

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http://www.arcliive.org/details/anabasisofxenophOOxenoiala

THE

ANABASIS OF XENOPHON;WITH AH

INTERLINEAR TRANSLATION,

FOR THE USE OP SCHOOLS AND PRIVATE LEAENERS,

HAMILTONIAN SYSTEll,lUPBOTSD BT

1.8

THOMAS CLARK,IBIIOS 07LATIK AHD

INIEKLINEAa OLABSIOa.

PHILADELPHIA:

CHARLES DeSILVER &PUBLISHERS.

SONS,

Bntered, according to Act of CongreBS, in the year 1869, fcy

CHARLES DESILVEB>tn the Clerk's OfEN tf tbe District Court of the UnitedOiftrict of PennsylvanliLStfttes 2br

the Eastern

tUOTTPED BT

J.

rAOUt.

Annex

PREFACE,

8IianC

interlinear edition of the Anabasis of Xenoplion

Ibeen carefully translated

bj the

editor of the Latin

anJ Greekis

series of

interlinear classics.

His plan

s

anewhat peculiar, being intermediate between the

syst fms of

Hamilton and Locke.sentences

The uncouth andof Hamilton are

freq lently unintelligible

avoi led, while on the other

hand the verbal and gram-

matical meanings are given with an accuracy fully

equalthe

to

his,

if

not

surpassingis

it.

By

this

plan

sense

of the textis

also

conveyed

more pre-

cisely

than

done either by the plan of Hamilton or

that of

Locke

every idiomatic and grammaticalwillit

diffi-

culty being completely overcome.

The work

be found of great service to the

student of the Greek language, asthe difficulties so perplexing inits

removes

many

of

study.

The use

of a few signs and characters, explained on

another page, has, in a measure, enabled the author toaccomplish what he has above set forth.

THOMAS CLARK.

EXPLANATIONS.

The

union of two or more words by hyphens denotes, that they togethel;

express the meaning of one Greek word

.as,

are-born.to

When

two or more words, emploj'edprefixed to the

express a Greek word, are sepa-

rated by one or more words placed between tbeui, such interposition

denoted by a figure

'

word next preceding that interposed,;

and another

figure

'

placed before the next succeeding word

ovrcd SiaTi^elg'havingso

'disposed

.all.

is

as,

An

English word or sentence included within parenthesesis

cation that such word or sentence

not expressed in Greek

ased-to-come

to

him

of-the (persons sent) from (the)

.( ) is;

an indi-

as

king.

AVhen a word placedaboveit is

in parentheses is italicized, it

shows that the word;

either superfluous or not to be expressed in English

as,

nalSe.he-desired{the)

A dash directs the word

above

it

6

Where anitalicized

.to

both

(his)

sons.as,

be omitted in the translation ;

Cyrus.

word or sentence within parenthesesas,

is

followed bythe latter

another word or sentence, also in parentheses, but not in

forms the proper reading ;

happened

{behig-preecnt) (to-be-present).[ ]it

.

italics,

When

a word or sentencenature of a note

is;

put in brackets

serves as an explanais to

tion, in the

but when the reading thus enclosed

bo

used instead of the

literal translation,is

beginning of the reading that

might-have (themselves) [mightI

.

a vertical

line

(

|

)

is

placed at the

to

be changed;

as,

be].

(iv)

TESTIMONIALSAS TO

THE MERITS OF%\tInlcrlinear

f ransktiou

uf i\t

(ilmm.

Testimony of celebrated men in favour of the interlineary system of translations, as being best adapted for learning a language.

Milton.

"We do amiss

to

spend seven or eight years merelyLatin and Greek as might betheir certain

in scraping together as

much

learned easily and delightfully in one year.If,

after

some preparatory grounds of speech by

forms got into memory, they were led to the praxis thereof in

Bome chosen short book lessoned tliorouglily to them, [that is, read and translated to them], which would bring the whole language quickly into their power. This I take to be the most natural and most profitable way of learning languages. [Children] should begin with the chief and necessary rules of some good grammar, either that now used, or any better and;

while this

is

doing, their speech

is

to be fashioned to a distinct

and clear pronunciation, as near as may be to the Italian, especially in the vowels. Next, to make them expert in the usefullest points of grammar, some easy and delightful book should beread to them.

[By

this,

Milton means that the teacher should read someit re-

easy Latin book to his pupils, and translate and explainBelves translate

peatedly, until they understand such Latin book, and can themit.]

(v)

VI

TESTIMONIALS.

John Locke, authorstanding."

of the " Essay on the

Humanit,

Underalittle

Whenit

I consider

what ado

is

made about

Latin and Greek,

how many yearsmakesto

are spent inI

and Avhat a

noise and business

no purpose,

can hardly forbearlive in fear of the

thinking that the parents of childrenof education

still

schoolmaster's rod, which they look on as the only instrument;

as a language or two to be his whole businoss. possible that a child should be chained to the oar,life, to

How else

is it

seven, eight, or ten of the best years of his

get a lan-

guage or two, which, I think, might be had at a great deal cheaper rate of pains and time, and be learned almost in playing. [The first project of Locke] is to trouble the child with no grammar at all, but to have Latin as English has been, without the perplexity of rules, talked into him, for, if you will consider it, Latin is no more unknown to a child, when he comes into the and yet he learns English without a world, than English master, rule, or grammar; and so might he Latin, too, as Tully did, if he had somebody always to talk to him in this language. And when we so often see a French woman teach an English girl to speak and read French perfectly in a year or two, without any rule of grammar, or anything else but prattling to her, I cannot but wonder how gentlemen have overseen this way for their sons. If, therefore, a man could be got, who, himself speaking good Latin, would always be about your son, talk constantly to him, and suffer him to speak and read nothing else, this would be the true and genuine way, and that which I would propose, not only as the easiest and best, wherein a child might, without pains or chiding, get a language which others are wont;

to be

as that wherein, at the

whipt for at school six or seven years together but also same time, he might ha^his mind and;

manners formed, and be instructedledge of things thatfall

in all other parts of

knowlittle

under the senses, and requireif

more than memory.

But

such a

man cannot

be got

who

speaks good Latin, the next best thing is to have him taught as near this way as may be, which is by taking some easy and pleasant book, such as iEsop's Fables, and writing the Englishtranslation

(made

as literal as can be) in one line,

and the Latin

words which answer each of them, just over it in another These let him read every day, over and over again, till he per and then gc on to another Fable. fectly understands the Latin;

TESTIMONIALS.till

Vll

he

is

also perfect in that, not omitting

what heto

isit

already'inhis

perfect in,

but sometimes reviewing that

keep

memory. The formation of the verb first, and afterwards the declensions of the nouns and pronouns, perfectly learned by heart, facilitate his acquaintance with the genius and manner of the Latin tongue, which varies the signification of verbs and nouns, not as the modern languages do, by particles prefixed, but by changing the last syllable. More than this of grammar, I think,he need not have,till

he can read himself Sanctii Minerva,

As he advancesledge of grammar.

in acquiring a

knowledge of words, he must

advance, pari pasu, in obtaining a thorough and critical know-

When bymay

this

way

of interlining Latin and

English one with another, he has got a moderate knowledge ofthe Latin tongue, he the reading of;

then be advanced a

little

farther, to

some other easy Latin book, such as Justin, or Eutropius and, to make the reading and understanding of it the less tedious and difficult to him, let him help himself withthe English translation.

Nor

let the objection, that

he will thenwell consi-

knowdered,

it

only by rote, fright any one.not of any

This,

whento

is

moment

against, but plainly for, this

way

of learning a language.

For languages are only

be learned

by

rote

;

and a

man who

does not speak English and Latin per-

fectly

byof,

rote, so that

having thought of the thing he would

gramand idiom of that language, does not speak it well, nor is master of it. Languages were made, not by rules of art, but by accident, and the common use _i3^ of the people and he that speaks them well has no other rule but that, nor anything to trust to but his memory, and the habit of speaking after the fashion learned from those that are allowedhis tongue, of course without thought of rule orinto the proper expression

speak

mar,

ftills

;

to

speak properly, which, in other words,

is

only to speak by

rote.

1st.

Sydney Smith. The Hamiltonian system, on the other hand, Teaches an unknown tongue by the closest interlinear transinstead of leaving a boy to explore his2d. It postpones the study of

lations,

lexicon or dictionary.

way by the grammar

till a considerable progress has been made in the language, and a great degree of practical grammar has been acquired. 3d. It eubstitutes the cheerfulness and competition of the Lancasterian

Vlll

TESTIMONIALS.

eystem for the dull solitude of the dictionary.a boy finds hois

By

these

meansfirst

making a

progress, and learning somethingis

from the very beginning.appearance of insuperable

He

not overwhelmed vrith the;

difiSculties

he receives some he

little

pay from the

first

moment

of his apprenticeship, andtill

is

not

compelled to wait for remuneration

is

out of his time.

The

student, having acquired the great art of understandingis

~V- the sense of what

written in another tongue,

may go

into the

study of the language as deeply and as extensively as he pleases.

The old system aims at beginning with a depth and accuracy which many men never will want, which disgusts many from arriving even at moderate attainments, and is a less easy, and not more certain road to a profound skill in a language, than if attention to grammar had been deferred to a later period.Inthisfine,

we

are strongly persuaded that, the time being given,;

system will make better scholars

and, the degree of

scholarship being given, a If thereis

much;

shorter time will be needed.

any truth

the most usefulfills

reflecting

in this, it will make Mr. Hamilton one of men of his age for, if there is anything which men with melancholy and regret, it is the waste

of mortal time, parental

money, and puerile happiness,

in the

present method of pursuing Latin and Greek.

Virgil, Horace, Cesar, Cicero, Ovid, Sallust, Juvenal, Livt, Xenophon's Anabasis, Homer's Iliad, and the Gospel of St. John,have already been published on the interlinear plan, and will be succeeded by the other Classics, as speedily asis

consistent with accurate

preparation,

and

the importance of the undertaking.

Charles Desilver,1229 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

SPECIAL AOENTS.Claxton, Remskn & Haffelfinger, J. B. Lippincott & Co., Philadelphia; D. Appleton & Co., MASOif, Baker & Pratt, New York Nichols 7MUetus

ocataby

he-besieged

both

land

and

by

xai

sea,

and he-endeavoured to-bring-back

{been)-driven-out) (the exiles).

pretext

for-him[

{of. the

npbgForsending

),of-him,

to

brother

'(the)

^ ,. /rovg{tlie|

kavhig-

And

again there-was

this

other

to-collect) (for

assembling) (an)

army.

king

he-requested (that) being ya)

those

So^rlvaicities

(ought) to-have-been-gi\ en

01

, 3to-himself

rather

than

(that)

Tissapherues

(should)

rule

them,

and

(his)

mother

supported

this;

therefore (the)

Trigtheplot

TCpog

fighting

(the) (his)

of-them

.armies;fighting

against,

,kinghimself,*[

'did

not

indeed

,^him(in)

'perceive

but he-thought

he

(Cyrus)

Sajtavavspends(his

'//Kai

with-Tissaphernes

means)

therefore 'it-was

not

^upon'hatedtheir

[therefore he

was not displeased with

being at war].

For

6 KvpogCyrusremitted'to (the)

'king

rovgthe

^ti'ibutcs|

BOOK

I.

CHAPTERfrom

I.

arising

Tissaphenies

happened

'Butanother

army

. ?^the

tQV

,cities,

13

>which

having [had].

was-collected

r9iChersonosus(in the)

'theexile;

rbv rpOTtov.manner(thereof.)

?^Cleiirchus

right-over-against

(a)

6

'len-thousand

not-only was struck-witli-admiration (for) him, but-also

^.darics.

,^army

Cyrus

having- become-acquainted

^ 'Abydos,

^, ^for-himthis

in

(was)

Lacedajmonian

was (an)

with-this

(man)

avrov xai

^iScdOLV avroj gives him

|

But having-taken

the

rovrov tavhe-collected (an)

from

these

xai[by means thereof],

ix

and making-irruptions from

he-Avaged-war against (the) Thracians,

^,

(the)

, 'Chersonesus

gold

things

oixovai(who)dwell

r;7to^'o^',Hellespont,

and he-was-of-serviee

to-the

"'Greeks;

so-tbat

^soldiers.

atthe

Hellespontian

.being -maintainedjretlyI

buted (the necessary)

^.things

;^7,'

'to-him

towns

willingly

contri-

above (the)

xaiand

rnvfor

the nourishment of-tho

|

This indeed again (was) thus

(an)

army

secreted

for-him

[thus again

an army was

se-

maintained for him].

Aristippus

6

6the

Thessaliau

^,being

happened

to-him (a) guest-friend [happened

to

be hie

3

14

THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON.

guest bound by the

ties

of hospitality],,

oixoloijposite-faction

at-home

avrovrequests (of)

him

(for

them

for)

three

^ ,he-goes

,and

being-pressed

two-thousand

mercenaries,

months,

as

thus

superior

[so that

8But

'Cyrus

he might be superior

to]

^iSoaivgives

xaithousand

and

avTovof-him" he-'would not

^ ^payfirst

him

(for) six

. ,to

tov

^,Cyrus,

by

thd

and

|

'he

might 'have-Loen-

^ andpay)

the

opposite-faction.

to (the

number

of

four-

months,

and he-requests

'terminate

(the strife) against

the

opposite-faction

,.maintained

with-him [Cyrus].

^|

before (that)

(an)

he-should-consult

8againfor-him

to

Thus

army

-

being-

secreted

ivmaintained for him]in

'(.Thessaly.|

[thus again an

army was

secretly

8the

Boeotian

|

being (a) guest (of ) him [who was in the

^

He-ordered

Proxenus

^, ?'3 ^,of hospitality with him] (that)

?.6

ties

having-taken [having collected] as-many

oTL

men

as-possible

to-come-to

(him), as-if

he-were-wishin

there-was to-him [bringing

ix9L

hoov|

taking

whatever

army

(that)

having-been-reconciled

him)

at-btme

\(tohave-8ent)

barmy

which he-had;

'/ 'all

xai

the forces he had] but-also

'ApiaAria-

with

(to send)

to

'himself

(those oppofed

(the)

xaiand

he-sent-word

to-Xenias

the

16

THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON.rovthe

',Arcadian,

who had-been-commander-over

except as-many-as were

,towns

aiVa,

for-him, to-come

8He-called-for

and

?^he-exhortedfc-^'

having-promised

(the objects) for

which he-took-the-field,

^^ , , ^^ ',|

, ^. ?.mercenaries in

-,

the

taking

[bringing]

(all)

the

men,

ragthe

sufficient

to-guard

citadels.

rovg

also

^^^

(those)

besieging

Miletus,

the

exiles

to serve-as-soldiers

with

him,

to-them,

if

'he-should successfully

'accomplish

nplvbefore

avrovghe-might-have-led

^.home

||not

them

he led them home].

they -believed

'01him;etgatto

Si'They cheerfully

6*^$and

having-taken

Ttapriaavwere-presentI

[joined

him

at]

.ra

^(^'0

to-cease

[he would not cease before'

Obeyed

(him)

;

for

(their)

armsSrialso

Sardis.

Xenias

came

rd)Vfrom the

Lovg'thousand;

, ^towns,

rovghaving-taken (with him) the (soldiers)

Sardis

onXiroug

ig ^Z^^

rrpafour-

(being) heavy-armcd-men to-the-number-of

8|

Ttaprivwas-present [came]

Proxenus

having

ragSialso

armed-men

to-the-number-of five-hundred and 7ivraoog vv^rag^ Xoavrogfive-hundredlight-armed,

ig

7tvraoovg

a-thousand,

,Si

6?heavy-

6

Sophtenetus

likewise, the

rvog6tymphalian

^iXiovghaving

07t7urag'Socrates

6

6

Also the

;^Achaian

a-thousand heavy-armed-men

7tvraoovghaving aboutfive-hundred

oTikirag,heavy-armed-men,

BOOK6Pasionthe

I.

CHAPTERSealso

Mewith

And

no-oae

BOOKoi'TtoTf'shall

I.

CHAPTERno one

never

"/^Greeks

'have-said, [and

,

shall ever say],

rovgamongthe

having-led

the

barians.

me

.8 ^,"EXXiyi-agGreeks

rriv

took-in-preferenco the

,III.

Si

that

1

TtpoSovg

barbarians,

deserting

rav

friendship

of-the

But

since

you

'do

not

'desire

nor

to-foUow

(me),

I

-'hir^be-necessary.

{with)

^^ ,bar-

to-obey

xai

you,

and

,will-submit-to

b

ti

what

avmay

TapForI-considor

xai xaiand

narpiSa xaiand (my) friends

xaiand (my)

you

to-be

to-me (and) (my) country,

avmay

Cmindeed 'think (that) with

felIu\r-soldiers,

you

, 8to-be

honoured wherever

may

'be,

but being destitute

^(I

am)

of-you,

av

may

(a)

,friend,(this)

''to-be

'think (myself) not

competent either

am-going, where

'

, .or

oiV av

(/^^repel

(an)

^. 'enemy.

to-help

ovv

That therefore

xaialso

you

may

,

opinion (that I am determined to go with you).

8[thus did he speak];

olthe

he-said

and

^ ^of-thoso

of-himself, [as well those of his

hearing

these-things,

to-marcli-forth

agaiust (the)

6 ,, ,^,king,

,I

(be going), then

hold-to

These-things

soldiers,

|

as- well

xaithe

?.,others,

own command], as

that he-should-say (that bo was)'

they- applauded;

two-thousand (soldiers)

from

8Xenias

xaiand

,morethan

not

Pasion,

^.32taking

THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON.

(their)

arms

find

(their)

baggage

en-

Ki'pogCyrus

camped

with

Clearchus.

being-perplexedrov

^

rovroig,andalso'

distressed

at-these-things,

6

^

^^|

ovnot

archus

;

who however would

to-be-of-good-courage'

, 8the(to

,go,

sent-for

Clothe

/13^

soldiers,

required-manner ; [as those

(he requested Cyrus)

^sending(a)

messenger

^

8he-told (him)

unknown however (to)

to-him,

as

these-things

being-arranged

in

affairs

would be

satisfactorily arranged]

to-send

(and again) request

?^and

';|

^

also

him

'

Se

^, ,cometo

him)

;

but

he

(after

being sent for again) said (that he

om

Uvai.go.

would) not

soldiers

having-joined

, ,Afterof-himself,

hk

this

assembling

the

[his soldiers]

(those)

him,

and

the

8.thusus,

desirous

of-the

other

(soldiers to

be present), he-spokeSri

"Ai^^peg

Men

soldiers,

(it is)

indeed

^evident

(to

them.)

Kt'pouof-Cyrus

hold (themselves)

so'

to

,

otlthat the (affairs)|

as

Ttpogour(affairs do)

to

him ;

[the affairs of Cyras are in the

lame

relation to us, that ours are to

him]

:

for

neither (are)

we

now

oiI

(the/

soldiers

of-him

[his soldiers] at-least

after we-'do no|

, ,/"ovxnotas

^, .'follow

BOOK

I.

'nor

CHAPTER(is)

.now

"*

him,

he

"OnThat

io-us.

however

he-thinks

(himself)

^^injuredthe

^^

33

paymaster

I-know;

and

so-that

he

sending-for

^?I-will

2^^indeed (whatis)

have-gone, [go],

-^no

onbecause

avvoihaI-am-conscious

^to-myself

,(of)

by

(me)

greatest,

being-ashamed,

avrovhim

Ttavra,in-all(this),

xoll

8indeedthen-also

having-deceiA'ed

and

,

im^having-seizcd

having-feared,

lest,

me

|

he-may -have-inflicted [he may

Six -,inflict]

punishment, (for the things)

,^,^self) to-have-been-injured

vnby

.|

of-which [in which] he-thinks (him-

OvvTherefore(this)

^^,to-sleep,

me.

8seems

to-mo

ovh'norto-neglect

to-be

time

for-us

our

ix

. 6selves

but

(from

these

^ ?^.advantage|

>.,'

it-seems to-me

the-most-securely,

we-may-depart the-most-safely,

, , ,to-deliberate

what

b,

ti

is-necessary

KaXAnd

[next].

as (long) indeed (as) we-remain

,nc

to-do

here,

enut

to-be necessary-to-be-considered,

how

'we (may) 'remain

,^now

if

also

(it)

seems

(best)

to-depart,

how

xaiand

how

we-shall-have

the

necessaries- of-life; for

without

these

(necessaries)

|

(there

is)

neither [either] (to the)

commander

|

nor

[or] (to the;

private-soldier [the

commander and

private soldier are alike ineflScient].

34

THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON6 dvr.p man (is)may

'

But the

indeed (a)Ji

to -whom 'he

'be (a)

,friend,

7.friend

worthy

8but (a)

7to?Juog'to-whom'he

may

'be (an)

enemy;

xaibothfoot

xai hvtiznvand

Ttavtegall

alike

not strange] for

^'see

cavalry,

also (a)

and

also

^'^|

^hkhe-has

^^ , ,77of-much(estimaiion)

most-bitter

enemy,

alsc (a)

I'oroo

naval

(one),'

which 'we

know;

and

(this is

we-seem

to-me

to-sit [to

Ttoppofar-from

avTov'him;

wherefore

, , ^knowsto-be

.better.|

be encamped] not-indeed

btimeto-say

(it is)

what

Saying

this

.Ttindeed

ovSe

any-one

he-finished,

roirothis

Upon

b' then (several)

aviatawo,

o\

tov

of-their-own-accord,

(ai7'have both (the) children

j^uj^'at^ag

and

wives

.oTtthat

But

let-them-go,

they-are

worse

them.

Although

'I

indeed

of-them

guarded

44

THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON.

at

Tralles

but

they-'shall

not-even

'be-deprived

%of-these,

rovrav,but

aTwXriy^ovTathey-shall-receive (them) on-account-of

good-conduct towards

tavrathese;

nvwas

^Tteptdisinclinedfull

^.formerly.

(their)

iiie

[thus did he speak]

;

Si ol and the

",AndGreeks,

if

|

'he indeed 'said

any (one)

in-fine

towards

the

ascent [expedition]

hearing

TYiv

xaiand

^. '^ , , , ^Krpou,the noble-conduct of-Cyrus,with-greater-alacrity-of-mind.

TiSiov

accompanied

ravrathese

After

(things)

Cyrus

, .'proceeds

(him) with-great-pleasuro

four

ivrl

rhvthe

daj's'-march

(making)

twenty

parasangs

to

ovrabeing

tothe

3T?i3pou,breadth 'cf ()'plethrum,

river

Chalus,

(it)

if

xaiand

^-.^,tameii&li,

and

of-large

Si'potSyrians

considered (to be)

ovSenor

to-injure

(neither them)

villages

in

which they-encaniped

^^ )7to Parysatis]

having-been-given (her)

^^to|

Thenco

he-proceeds

' . -^xaiandgods,

which the

Tagthe

^.'did

ovx

not 'permit (any one)

At

Se

pigeons.

The

|

were

of-Parysatls

[belonged

|

for (her)

girdle [for pin-money]

five

days'-march, (making)

thirty

rovthe

piirasiingt)

springs

[sources] of-the

river

73'.the

Dardes

breadth

of-which

(is

that) 'of (a)

'plctlirum.

BOOK

I.

CHAPTERpalaces

the

^teen

. .xaiandlarge

^ , ^,,',^"haavwere

rdthe

Here

having-ruled-over [the ruler] of-Syria,

'^,IV.of-Belesys

45

>|

the

xaiand

beautiful,

having

all,

' ^'down

(a)

park,

very

how-much-so-ever(tbi) seasons

xaiandburned

produce.

-^palaces.

Thence

,parasangs,

But

Cjtus

'cut

it

he-proceeds

three

days'- march (making)

fif-

to

the

ovra(it)

TObreadth

being (there) the

aiVo^iwasa)city

there

47 now

7;^6'passing

\

(mho) (Cyrus) wondered what-person

57

Tt TOthe

, .OTLthat(it

he-asked what

^ ^AndXenophon

said,

(through the ranks) for-the-second-time.

.the

what

the

Gvv^

watch-word

-

noise

'is

7?->7But

followed

with

(all their)

might,

not

the

,to-runchariots,

and calling-out to-one-another

with -speed,

but

to-follow

in

order.

^^,voidof-drivers,

were-born

7(?^through (the ranks) of-the

6;

enemy

also through

when

they-could see (them coming)

^,'in(a)

'^'.of-the

(the ranks)

Greeks.

ranks]

but there-was

as

thty-said

however

[in

any thing]

;

else]

of-the

TavTYithis

^was said

}

^ ^ ?. ^ ^ .race-course,(that) neither 'did this-person'suffer

,|

|

they-stood-apart [they opened their

some-one-person

6 -^,themselves,

,

but

(some) indeed

(others)

ot,

But

(they),

.

(who) also

he-having-been-struck-with-fear; and

^'[suffer

was-caught,

ovHv|

nothing;

''

|

neither 'did

no-one

other

indeed [nor did any one

Greeks

suffer

nothing

any thing]

in

battle,

^^.seeingthe

except

on

the

left,

some-one

to-have-been -shot-with-an-arrow.

"^^^ButCyrus

Greeks

conquering

and

8pursuing

BOOKro

I.

CHAPTER

the (part of the

xal

'andaboutbui,

being-saluted

^now

army) opposed-to

as

avrov,him,

''

nor (yet) was-'he thus 'led-away

,^ ^ ^,VUl.

81

xaS

them,

bping-pleaeea,

king

by

(th}se)

to-pursue (the enemy),

(5[six-nundred(the;

, ? ^ ?manat least]

76'receied

one

man

[that he

the-most

presents, (and this)

8

many

(reasons)

j

but

these (presents) he-distributed 'to

^

'friends

very-much

(excelling)

certainly

(in

all

(men),

looking

to

the

manners

and

(to that) of

which

he-saw

each- one

the-most

, .needed

this -respect)

of-each,

92.

THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON.

KalAnd

, 'jforthe

whatever (present) any-one

body

,

might-send (him as a;)yj

of-him, [for his person], either as-if

war,

or

as-if

for (use in personal)

TtFpl about

these

(presents) they-afErmed fthat)

hvvaitothe

body

of-himself

could

not

be-able

, ,-^ornamentfor

(use in)

ornament,

and

ortthat

he-said,

|

indeed

to-have-been-adorned

[that his

own person could not bo adorned]

but he-might-think (that) friends (havinff-'beex) handsomely

?since

TiaGLwith-all

,these

(presents),

'adorned

avSpi.(to be)

Kal|

the-groatest

ornament

'to (a)

'man.

And

indeed

tho

to-surpass [the surpassing] the

he should greatly surpass]

^^I

nothing

, , ,.wonderful,

great

(his)

friends (in)

at-least

TO

but

the

to-be-superior [but that he should excel]

in-kind-attention,

and

|

the

' ? ^^[greatly]

[and indeed that

Ttoiovvradoing

good

(is)

he-was also

the-most-able

;

(his)

frienda

to-be-eager

to-gratify

(and oblige),

these,

to-me-at-least,

more

^^time

admirable.

For

Cyrus

^ 7?seemoften

[his eagerness]

to-be

sent

olvov,jars

half-empty

of-wine,

whene'er he-might-receive

(ar.y)

-ery

riSvv,

?.,uid-he meet

onwine

Sr;'long

sweet (and fine-flavoured), saying,

that never-j'et truly 'for (a)

nhiovLwith-finer-flavoured

(than)

this;

BOOKom'

I.

CHAPTERaol,to-you,

IX.

93exTtidvto-drink

-^/to-day

therefore he-sent

Tovtovthis

-^Ssindeed

Often

. ' () ,xal bdtaithis

and he-requests of-you

cvvwith

oig those-whom

he-sent

|

half-eaten

^ .^ , ' , ^ 6 . , ? ^^ ^,andhalvesof-loaves,

xal

aptov, xaland

was-delightedwith-these; therefore

^the

bearer

to-say.

^Otwv

of-these

(same).

Whenever indeed fodder

6'

and

he

was-ablo

^'

other

,such

you-loA'e

most.

geese [parts of geese],

(things),

ordering

(when he presented them)

;

5

Cyrus

ovv

xalalso

he-wishes

you

to-taste

6

was

very

scarce,

Sia

to-procure-it

|

through the

to-have

xal hia

[by having]

many

servants

and through

(his)

gending-it-about

(among)

?^horses|

care,

(his)

friends

he-ordered

(them;

to-throw

//bodies

this

fodder

to-the

carrying

the

of-them [carrying their persons], so-that (the horses)

'may not

'carry

the

friends

of-himself

hungering.

If

b-

xal

indeed

at-any-time he-might procceed (anywhere), and

many

^^^,to-see

might-be-about

(him),

calling-to

(liis)

friends

b-heldearnest-conversation-with-them, that he-might-show (those) wlioni

^.(t'lat)

he-h,>noured.

^no-one

"^,So-thatI-at-Ieast

^'Greeksor

S)vI-hear

from (that) which

judge

/36'either 'of (the)'of (the)

'barbarian

94

'^(is

to-have-been-loved

a)

.^ -,bymore(persons).

THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON.

And

also

proof

of-tbis-same

-better than a)

attempted

ov37

8 7(7 " , , ,to

',Cyrus,;

(thing),

no-one

(the)

king

from

be-boing (as a subject no7t?^yjv

slave

(of the king)

except

^Oroutes

indeed

.thia

deserted

(who)

'

>7truly

'';^!'this (Orontes) speedily

(it);

and

moTOvfaithful

whom

he-thought to-be

^

than to-himself;

but

many

to

Cyrus,

after

they-became

^7. ',olto-himself,

found

him,

more-friendly

to-Cyrus

deserted

from (the)

king

hostile

to-one-another,

xaland VTi by

ovTOLthese

ol

indeed

Ttapaunder

37

.^ . ' '^ . , 3 . ^,^ {, ^him(the king),

(persons)

the-most

beloved

thinking

(that)

being

brave

(men)

Cyrus,

'

to-obtain

more- worthy

honour (and reward)

Ttapafrom

than

(the)

king.

And

also

(that)

happening

to-him

at

the

end

'of (his)

life

(is

a)

great

oTlthat

proof,

aiVoghe

yjv was

thvvaTocould

brave,

and

rightly

judge

(those)

faithful (to him),

and

ivell-disposed,

xalandOL

TapFor

steadfast.

he

dying,

all

nap'with

(his)

friends

and

table-companions

him'

died

lighting

over

Cyrus,

except

Ariscus;

this

(person'

BOOK

I.

CHAPTER

X.

95

indeed

the

,|

sliitiuncd

happened

left,

commanding

the

'[happenedcavalry;

mto be stationed]

'

'^

on

but when he-learned

(of)

Cyrus

having-fallen

hc-lled

TO Tidvthe entire

ovarmy

which he-commanded.

.(the)falls

having

also

(with him)

CHAPTEK

X.

53There71

Syj indeed the

'^ ' ^'8^right

and-also the

.hand.

head

But

',him,

,of-Cyrusking,|

is-cul^off,

and

(those)Cyreao

with

pursuing

on

the

xal

camp

[on the

camp

of Cyrus]

;

and indeed

(those soldiers)

with

Ariicus

no-longer

stand

but

flee

^.throughstation,

the

camp

of-them

[their

camp]

to

the

'

i?JyovTo

whence they-had-started

(last)

;

|

and there-were-said to-be

four

four parasangs distant].

6 ,Ttapaaa^j/atparasangs

66.road

of-the

But

(the)

?.king

[and which was said to be

oland

(those)

with

him

not-only

plunder

the

other

(things,

which were)

?'many,soncubiue

but-also

he-takes

Phociean

(woman),

Kvpovof-Cyrus,

and (who)

was-said

,to-be,

the

9wise

THE ANABASIS OF

?.;.andbeautiful.

But the youoger (concubine) the

. ^,kingto

?.'^escapes|

(woman), haring-been-taken by

naked

[in

her under garments]

*j7JJiviov^ olGreeks,

who

having'

xai

the

baggage-train ;

and having-been-drawn-up-against

7to?.?Mvgthey-kUled

many

, ,oi

(some)ovxnot

xaialso

of-themselves

^, ^(those) about (the)

?.Milesian

the

(those of)

otOjcl arms happened

(to

be stationed) among

(the Persians)

indeed of

Sibut

(those)

plundering,

diedj

at-least

xaibutalso

'flee,

saved

,thisall

;

indeed

they-'did

xai(woman), and

other

(things),

whatever

xalboth

xaiproperty

^There(Greeks)as'ijSri

^'3

and

not-only (the)

were-distant

from-one-another

indeed

conquering

^ ,a>Xr^jsiVpursuingall,

7^men,king,

^,wereabout

within (the lines)

xai

but-also

thirty

'

(those opposed) against themselves,

now

conqueringo-Tt

'^,

perceived,

that (the)

. 7^all.

but the (Persians)

king

might-be among

(their)

avft^-ihn-(ither-h.ind

heard

, ,Butwithbaggage-train,

'

. , ^ ,thestadia,

of-them,

were-saved.

E?J?.vGreeks

the

^'

plundering,

as

"^^.

when indeed

the

Greeks

(his)

8and(the)

?^'^^.^Greeks

army

king

from-Tissaphemes,

that

the

BOOK

I.

CHAPTERxa3'

might-be-conquering the (army) opposed

oLovaLthey-advanceto

(a distance)

the)

king

indeed not-only

?^[collects

together his forces],

Ciearchus

having-called

6?.,consulted(with him),all

69!Greeks

evidently approaching,

, ^Duringthis

should-go [about-helping

' , , ^.^3there

, ^,X.to-them,forward,|

97ocai

and

pursuing,

Sr;

truly

collects

(those) of-himself,

.(then

xai

6

but-ulso

draws-them-up- in-line; but

6

Proxenus,

for

he-was

if

they-should-send

,somethe

the-nearest,

"

(of the troops), or

[to relieve]

()

camp.

(time)

as

it-secmcd

^ ^.also (the)

xal

yjv

king

was

again

from-behind.

And

indeed thu

having-faced-about prepared-themselves,

^ ? , ,7^ ,, .were-advancingand-alsoreceiving

xal

66ovxlead

(him)

king

indeed 'did not

(his troops)

',(their)

as-if (the king)

6

6

in-that (direction); but the

in-that (direction),

8

but (by the way) in-which he-had-passcd beyond

left

xai

wing,

by-the-same (way) also

he-led-back (his forces),

taking-with

xai

(him)

both

(those) in

the

battle,

having-deserted

xaiand

xaiand

to

the

Greeks,

Tissaphernes,

TapFor

(those)

with

him.

'flee

in

the

first

,6encounter,

ovxnot

Tissaphernes

6?charged

'did

but

against

9

98

the

he

8iE?Mvv(uvol

but charging-through (the ranks) 'he indeed

'

but the

,^ ^ ]. , '^ ,'killed

^, ^^GreekGreeks

THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON.

targetiers

along

' 'the(their javelins)

river;

ovhiva.no-one

standing-apart (and making a passage)

struck

xaiand""

*

(them with their swords)

threw

at-thcm;

8

Episthenes

(the)

Amphipolite

commanded

the

tar-

getiers,

mander).

, ^ , ^, ,andwas-saidto-be(a)

xai

prudent (and able com-

'

But

6

ovv,

Tissaphernes

therefore,

as

having

less

|

ovx

[theworst],

was-forced-to-depart,

indeed he-'docs not

'return

6

again,

but having-arrived

at

the

camp

xaiand

of-tbe

Greeks,

there

he-meets-with

(the)

king,

(then) having-drawn-up-their-forces they-marched together back (again).

'

But

against

^^ ' ^ ^ , '.ol

,Greeks,

.wing

hri

yjaavopposite

>Then they-were

the

^?st

8but

yjaavalso they- were

9

102avapujroL'without-dinner;

THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON.Syj indeed

Ttpivbefore

for

halted

for

dinner

(the)

8 ?^ .the

army

king

appeared-

oight

.Thus

ovvtherefore

hieyhavroindeeddid-thej-pasethat

tyjv

BOOK

. CHAPTER

1.

lOii

,,.IIow

therefore

for-Cyius,

when

' ^CHAPTERtothe

BOOK

II.

I.

ovv

Grecian

(force)

was-collected

^^^,campbrotherdied,

he-led-an-army

xaland

Artascrxes,

xaland how

7\

(a) battle

xaland

^E?^.'vhowthe

-^,went-to-rest,

Greeks

^ , ?3whatwas-done

against

(his)

in

the upward-march,

xal

took-place,

and how

Cyrus

having-come

to

Vixav|

thinking

to-conquer

they were completely victorious],

6^I

has-been-indicated

in

the

^.xaland(that)

Cyrus

,,theall,

,lived, (all this)

ro arpar07t^v

[believing that

preceding

discourse (or book).

Bui

?3 ^, ? , "^rii olat-the-same-time with-tho

day

[at

dawn of day]

the

generals

having-come-together were-surprised,

any-one-else

signifying

did-'he himself

having-packed-up

|,to-march

in

. , ,, '^ ^that

Cyrus 'had neither

'sent

Tt

what

is-necessary

to-do,

nor

'appear.

It-seemed

therefore

(best)

to-thcm

a

xal

what they-had,

and having-armed-thcmselves,

the

forward

[to

advance] until they-formed-a-junction

with-Cyrus.

.

104

THE ANABASIS OF XEXtPHON.

But

8now

being

iii-motion,

,

at-the-same-time

?^rising

6Procles

sun,

came

the governor-of

having-descended from

Glus

/ifr

indeed was-dead,

^. 6

the (son of) Tamos.

.hk

Damaratus

the

Lacedajmonian,

,otlwas,station

^'with-lhe-

Teuthraniu

and

These

informed (them) that

Cyrus

the

?other

riitHey-started on-the

,and(that)

Ariaeus

/^6*barbarians,at

xaiand

day-before,

^^ ,having-fled

with

the

whence

he-said,

'wait-for

them

that-same

,day,

that 'he might indeed

theythe

if

',might-intendto-come,

(for)

ini 'hdvlag,next(day) forIonia,

'^ ", /. ;^$ ?., /^ , , ^ 2.,Oi

The

?^Greelis

generals

hearing

^5whencethese

he-said (he was about) to-depart on-the

?3.xaiand(things),

he-had-come.

other

hearing

(them from the generals)

^'thus

bore-it

grievously.

But

Clearclius

spoke

Would

8

then

indeed (that)

Cj^rus

lived;

but

since

he-has-died,

announce

to-Aria;us,

that

we

are-victorious not-only (over

xaiand

the)

king,

as

^^us

-,,

xai

'battle, but-also if

you-'had not

have-marched against

(the)

. ^^^^?.^'cometo-us,

you-see,

no-one any-longer

,

'offers

'we would

^also

king.

AVe-promise

,Ariiuus,/liin

BOOKe?J^yi he-come

II.

CHAPTER(that

I.

105xol^lCsiv

iv^aSe,here,

if

?^.royal

we

are ready)

to-place

on

the

throne,

the

(throne)

[it

(those) conquering

in-battle

, , ' ,butsuppliod-itself

hk

' , .. , ^messengers,

/,belongs

^^ 5'these

to rule].

Saying

and

with

Mewji^aMenon

and

the

^ ^'ocalalso (to

them)

|

is

the

.j

for

to-rulo

(things)

he-sends-away

the

them

Cheirisophus

Thessalian;

^for'

the Lacedaemonian

indeed

Mcnon

aiVoghimself

desired

(to go);

for

he- was (a) iriend

and

guest

01

of-Ariajus (bound

by the

ties

of hospitality).

(These) thenTothe

departed,

Clearchus

waited

(for them).

But

army

with-food as-well-as they-were-able from

beasts-of-burden, slaughtering

^\

and

advancing

(a)

the

battle

took-place

ovglvbeing

arrows,

,they-got

little

from

, ,(their)

(their)'

oxen

and

asses;

the

army,

wood

(for fuel), not-only

olnumber), whichthe

many

(in

^(to)

where

from-tho

Greeks,

compelled

-

(those)

xatandthe

to-tlirow-away,

wicker-shields (of the Persians), and

shields

the

wooden-ones

,.desertuigthe

from (the)

king

xalthe

Egyptian.

And

also

many

targets

and

ivagons

emptied (of their contents)

were

,106ija^icrvihcy-cat

THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON.

lo-be-carried-ofFj

using

(enough

for)

^that

,all

which, (for)

|

KatAnd

Yivit-

Yihiq

was

now

,. ^-^day.i'uU|

cooking

meat

not-only about

,to be]

market,

[about the middle of the forenoon], but- also there-arrived

, ,barbarian

king

and

Tissaphernes

,heralds,

from (the)

the

others

6who|

\

aiVoii'of-thcm (a)

^^^Greekwith

[being barbarian]

but there-was one

Phalinus

(by name),

happened

being [happened

^^]

Tissaphernes,

and

(who)

holding (him)

honourably ; [and was

'tactics

. ^,highly esteemed by him];

for

he-pretended

to-be

skilled

(in)

the (things) not-only

relative-to

but-also

(in those relative to) fighting-with-heavy-arms.

But

these

(heralds)

xatand

approaching,

calling-to

>7^^,of-thc

the

^,Greeks,

said,

Greeks,

|

since

conquering

, ^(their)

gained the victory], and

,arms,[to the

had-slain

,^ ,that (the)

?^the

generals

king

commanded

he-happens,

[since

he had

Cyrus, (that) having- delivered-up

(and)

going

|

to

'king,

palace of the king],

to-obtain-for-themselves

^3.good

Ihey-can

any-thing

(or favourable).

^ 3the

gates

'of (the)

if

Thus

oi

Mid

the

- , ,BOOKheralds'of (the^

II.

CHAPTERSe'speak;

I.

'king

but the

"^GreeksClearchus

107

indeed

^(with concern), but

heard

(them)

heavily

only

iiTte spoke

so-much,

that it-was not (the part) of

TiapaSi^ovaLto-give-up

(their)

',ovarms';but,

men

generals

^'reply

(those)

conquering

indeed said-he, 'do

you

to-these

(men)

not-only

and

called

(that just)

Then

' , . ^ ^^ ^ '^will-comedirectly.

)

what

you-hold

,him,I,

'.that

(to be)

most-proper

but-also

the-best;

For some-one of-the

attendants

ISoi

he-might-see

the

(entrails of a) victim

had- been- taken-out;

for

"Ei'^a

Sy; indeed

Cleaner

6

',8but

he-happened

(to be)

sacrificing.

the Arcadian, being

the-oldest,

yj

answered

that 'they would

sooner

they-would-deliver-up

,Baid,

''But

(their)

arms;

Phalinus,

king

asks

Siaasgifts

through friendship.

.(for)if

(our)

,^'die

than (that)

6

Proxenus

the

'

Theban

wonder,

whether

(the)

arms

as

conquering

TapForif

indeed

as

why

;,does-it-becometake

8

xaihimto-ask (for them)

and

8having-persuaded

(them)

?

but

(us) he-desires

(them),

let-him-eay,

what

will-be

(]ei'"t)

to-tho

,not

^'conquering,

^,

or

,

coming

to-taka

BoldierS;

108

THE ANABASIS OF'xaY'iuidvrai

if

they-should-gratify

Phaliaus

, 2himsaid,

3.this.

.TlpogTo

rav-tathis

(in)

considers'

(The)

king

(himself) to-be-the-con-

xav,queror, since

;who

',

he-has-slain

Cyrus;

for

who

is-there

against-hlm,

^',disputes

Se?|

xaialso

the

goverument (with him)

and

considers

you

to-be

to-himself

[he moreover considers you as

belonging

,

iv rijto

him

of-himsclf,

[having you in the interior of his kingdom],

/you

impassable

-^this-one

(such a) multitude

,^as captives]|

having (you) in

the

middle

%)if

country

xalandvithin

xaiand

rivers,

being-able

to-lead

against

he-should-allow-it to-you neither would you-be-able

^ ^^of-menTheoponipus (the)as

^il

good

, ,,AfterPhalinus,

now,

you

', , ^(and)so-great (that)to-kill

(them).

Athenian

spoke,

see,

there-is

nothing

else

xaiand

'^courage,

,

we-are-of-the-opinion (that) 'we could

xai(us)

also

(that)

^., ^Ovvcourage.

-.hkbut

(or of value)

to-us,

|

if

not

[unless]

(our)

Therefore

indeed

having

(our)

,arms,(of our)

arms

xaialso

^'^'make-use (would be)

giving-up

-'^to-deprivo

these,

Ovv

-

(of.

our)

bodies.

Therefore 'do

not 'suppose

we-will-give-up

to-you

the

sole

(advantageous)

^good

ovra

^ ^existing

BOOK

II.

CHAPTERthese

I.

109

gvvbutwith

for-us;

'may-fight

for

Phalinus

,and(to)

But

indeed,

,

hearing

?

you-speak

not

, ^, 'the

good-things

those

(things)

. ,(in our

hands) 'we also

oi'-j'ourselves.

But

6

smiled,

and

said:

young-man, you-seem

(to

be like to a)

philosopher,

without-grace ;

|

know

however (you) being

out-of-your-senses,

[be

assured that you are out of your senses],

:u-supposo (that)

your

the

power

'of (the)

.'king.

valour

But they-reported

some

others

apprehcnsi\'e

,said,

(of the generals) having-become-somewhat-timid-and-

as

also

so

'they might

'become

,

they-had-been

faithful

^ ,if

is-to-be-superior

(that)

to-Cyrus,

|

worthy

of-much

'to (the)

king

' ,friend

[of great service to the king]

if

he-desired

to-become

(their)

other

I'gyptj

,said

;^p>7cr3afc

and afterwards he-might-wish to-employ (them) for-any

(purpose), (or

if

)

afterwards

(he were)

'they would

thi

(time)

;^ ,Clearchus

'assist-in-reducing-it

.

came,

and

,inquired.

to-march

.for-him.if

'now

against

During

^dis-

fhey-had-returned-an-answer.

But

Phalinus having-taken-up (the

^.course)

?.,Clearchus,these

say

(one thing),

othere

10

110

(say)

*other

THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON.

8(things);'said

but 'do you

'But

'he [Clearchus]

6

,^I-have-seen you, andfor

xaialso

not-only are

being

ivin

such

., ^^ 'I-thinkall

^E?^.^v,Greek,

. , , * ^,'tell

,us,

ri

what

you-say.

I,

Phalinus,

am-glad

the

others (are so)

you

(a)

but-also

we

(ourselves are)^

so-many

(in

number),

as

you

see;

being then

,

circumstances, 'we (would)

'consult

with-you,

Tt(about)

what

it-is-proper

to-do

concerning (that) which you-announce

Ovv,(from the king).

suit

with-us [give us your advice] what

,

Therefore,

the-most-honourable

honour

onthat

' ^ %?^ ^??. ?, !, . ?.,

and

,thc-bcst,

by

(the) gods,

,xai

|

'do

seems

and which to-you will-bring

in

the

time

to-come, (when)

Phalinus

when, having-becn-sent

'^^Greeks

from

napahovvaLto-give-up

commanding

the

' , ,to-youto-beit-is-related,

you

7^.

'con.

(the)

king,

(their)

arms,

toSe.

counselled

(For)

you-know

03 , ,

them

consulting

(with him) so-and-so.

that

what

'j'ou

may

'have-advised

(of a)

?J7^$the

ordered

Greeks to-place-themsclves

^ ^^and

71

ra^iv(under)

arms

(the)

order

in-which they-had (themselves) when

.was.

the battle

CHAPTERBut what

III

at-the approacli

8indeed

^already

^-, on'wrote,

that (the)

(of the Greeks)

triForon-the

^'precedingto-give-up(the)truce.

Avas

/[((/day

napahihovaL rahc-(irdered

(them)

nt-ti)c-same-timo

'with

^heralds

;f>;pu^agabout(a)

they-went11

to

the

. ^,'But_

^. ,kingevidentby-this

?'(to the

vas-ahrmed

(that follows).

sending

Greeks)

^

(their)

arms,

but afterwards

'rising

sun

^he-sent

enei(those heralds),

when

inquired-for the

outposts,

com.

,,,.122manders.

THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON.Seol

When

indeed the

?.guardsthenthetill

(at the

Dutposts,

reported-this,

Clearcbus,

happening

Tag

the troops-drawu-up-in-order, told

the

heralds

',When(itself)

he-had-arranged

beautifully

)? ,(being)in-close- order,

",

^to-remainto-be-seen

7

of-the

^ . ^ , ,. , ?3peculiarity

?..great

^^'

KatAnd

vjvalso

'of (its) sweetness.

6

But the palm-tree

whence

^was^

cabbage

may-bave-been-taken,

withered'

entirely.

xaiand

Here

they-remained three

days ;

Tissaphemes

Ttapafrom

xai 6

came

(the)

king,

and the

brother

xaiand

wife

'of (the)

'king,

(also) three

other

Persians,

and

many

slaves

attended.

After indeed the

generals

of-the

Tissaphemes

/,,xaiand

^i7^Xr^vGrecian

,evils,

when

, ^^spokefirst

?

Greeks

went-to-meet

Slthrough (an) interpreter

men,

dwell neighbouring

, * ,them,thus

Greece,

I-saiv

you

having-fallen

into

many

xaiand

df/>7;^aj^a,

inextricably-great (difficulties),

>7^a-piece-of-good-luck

[I considered

\if

I-'were in-any-manner

Ttapafrom(the)

hovvaiking

to-have-given

you

(and restore you)

to

ovxl(that)"it

would

not

'have

^^ . \ ;^[

I-made-it-for-myself

it

a most fortunate

affair

for

mej

'able

to-entreat

(and obtain)

me

(permission)

to-save

Greece,

For

I-think

(itself)

ungrateful

to-me [that there

128

THE ANABASIS OF XEXOPIION.

will

be no want of gratitude towards me] either

/rom

av

all

i-madc-my-requcst

'to

Sixaicdgjustly

'he

7^'announced

might

. ^Greece.(the)'gratify(that)

ovre Ttpogfrom

And knowing

?^,'king,

,me,

(as) that

aiVcjto-him

Ki3po;^Cyrus

xai

^,but-alsoassistance

I-came

at-the-samc-time

(in auxiliary troops),

and

alone

,these(things)

?.(saying

^ ,you,to-hiui,

,

oi

that

re

not-only

first

was-marehing-against

(him),-yv

Avith-the

message

having

of

(those)

"^^^been-drawn-up againstbut

^,chargedin

the

Greeks

(through their ranks), and

king

came

your-own

,'did

not

,

having-

'flee,

xai

joined

camp,

whither (the)

^

(the)

'^,Cyrus,

king

after

he-had-killed

I-piirsued

these

(those)

barbarians

with

Cyrus

(namely)

the-most faithful

me

mc having-gone

,inagainst

^^ , ^3 .KatAndto-him.to-deliberate

.nowto-ask

present

with

,us,

with

8

xai

and

these,

who

are

about

him.

And

^^hkthese(affairs),

indeed 'he [the king]

and

?.commandedto-replyif

'promised

you

by-reason of-That

you-took-the-field

I-counsel

you

,

moderately,

that

it-may-be

easier

for-me,

6 5^3BOOKII.

CHAPTERTt

til.

129

I-am-able

to-effect

any-thing good (or advantageous) for-you

Ttap'ivith

avTov.bim.

ol

?^ * ?., ' ^, ? 77,rated,

,spoke

?.?.Greeks'

' ,and

At

this

the

withdrawing

6'

delibe-

K?JapxogClearchus

?.'

'.:

'gave

(their)

'answer;

(for

them)

We

neither assembled-together for-the-purpose-of

hereafter-iiiakiug-war 'against (the)

'king

nor

^that

indeed

did-ve-set-out

inl

against (the)

king,

but

Cyrus

invented

many

pretexts,

and

as

you

well

know,

not-only

he-might-take

,^ ^^.usthither.

Deing

ratand

on]

,.the

^ ^ ^youunprepared,in

but-also

lead

^danger

",^Now

however

when

we-saw

him

we-were-made-to-be-ashamed

both (before) gods

TtpoSoinuL

'us

neither

^'^former

men

to-have-betrayed

him,

we-allowing

(him)

time

|

to-do

well 'to [to confer faTonrs

hkSince indeed

ourselves.

Cjtus

'contend

'with (the)

'king

is-there

(any thing) on-account-of which 'we might

rrjvto-do

^?,we-wish

harm

(to)

the

country

'of (the)

trould

to-kill

,him,

^ ,;is-dead,for-the

^,'king,

'we

pij,'desire

kingdom,

ovS'noi

h'

but

we would

^ ^ ^130dixaSe,tig

THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON.

-

'proceed

homeward,

if

an j'- one 'would not

'molest

'

us;

ahixovvra'injuring'

'those

however

(us)

we-wil-endeavour

with (the aid of)

the

gods

to-avenge

(ourselves on);

if

however any-one

xaleven

ri^a$,begin

rovrovand-evcn to-tbis-onowe-'wilj

power.

,-^ ^.not'be-inferior

doing

good

to-us,

doing

good

at-least

Thus

indeed 'did

Si 6Uearing(this)

Tissaphcrucs

I

will-announce

'to (the)

,'king,

(Clearchus)said:

6

.'speak.'

to (the best of our)

These (things)

xaland(will bring)

back

Ttap'to-youI

the

(things)

from

, .yjxoL he-cameto-himselfto-save

' . ^maycomewewill-provide

'let

(a)

following-day

he-'did

not

^ ', . 'him;[his answer];

and

until

6

the

truce

'remaiu-in-force,

and

market

(for you.)

And

indeed on

the

3'

'come;

so-that

the

began-to-be-anxious.

rri But on-the

third (day)

coming

,he-said,'be

Greeks

that

Ttapafrom(the)

So^^vaiking

having-obtained

to-be-allowed

?^.?.^,the

Greeks,

although

a-great

^becoming

many

gpcaking-against

(and -opposing

it),

so-that it-'might not

'for (the)

'

king

to-let-go

f^'

igainst

himself.

And

'

(those)

making-war

xal:

in-condusion he-said

and

now

it-is-allowed

BOOK

II.

you

to-take

Ttape^eivivill-be-kept

' ,',^assurances fromus,

^,Greece,

CHAPTER

III.

131

that truly

tlie

country

friendly

to-you,

and without-treachery

hereafter-to-'lead

ryjv

(you) 'back

to

;

(you)

obtaining

(a)

(5'

oTtovwhere (indeed there)

avmay

ri

market

^, 8(for prorisions)

but

be

not (any

thing)

to-purchase

we-will-allow

exthe

necessaries

(of life)

from

^^it-Avill-be-neccssary

for-you

to-swear

. ,youcountry.to-us,

Siaas

through (a) friendly (country) without-doing-harm,

6and

provisions

market

(for

you-purchasing

^,saphcrnes, 'king

seemed (good, and were assented

captains

from

the

phernes

''Greeks.said:

. ^ ^, ? ^ drink,

,if

^ ,to-takethe

'

But on-the-other-hand

truly

to-march

taking

whenever

we-'do not

8

you);

indeed

we-provide

(you a)

will-have

the necessaries-of-life.

, ''provide

(a)

market,

These

(things)

xaiand

xaiand

(Tis-

to),

thej--took-the-oaths,

xai

6

and

the

brother

of-the

wife

'of (the)

gave

(their)

right-hands to-tho

generals

ani

xaiand

of-the

'^.Nowafter

Greeks,

took

(the same)

7,Sittace,

(was)

being-distant from-the

Ovv

ol

'^/Greeks

river

fifteen

nap

stndia.

Therefore indeed the

encamped

near

arT)7r,it,

xal

(and)

close

'to (a)

'large

and beautiful

park

12

J7

ravrathis

6

being

, ^ ^' . ,^^ , , ^ * " ,138

THE ANABASIS OF XENOPIION.

and

68 8oftrees;Tigris;

thick

with-all-kind

but

the

barbarians

having-crossed

the

(river)

they-were not

however

isible.

hk

After

TO

supper

Proxenus

aud

Xenophon

happened

being

in

walking

[happened to be walking] before

rdvthe

xaland

(place)

of-arms;

a

man

approaching

nov

ISoi'see

inquired

of-the

sentinels

where 'he might

Proxenus

ovx

Mewjva,for-Menon,

xaland

or

Clcarchus;

but he-'did not

'inquire

napfrom

being

Ariaeus,

the

guest-friend

of-Menon.

6

on

Then

indeed

Proxenus

said

(that)

I-am

he

whom

],

you-scek

xaland

the

man

(then) spoke

thus:

Ariaeus

Artaozus

TtiaroLfaithful

(friends)

xaiexhort-you

to-be-on-your-guard,'

^,to-Cyrus

kni^dvtaLfall-upon-you in-the

night;

iv

-^to-scndTigris,

,,in

the

neighbouring

^ .and well-disposed toAvards-3OUlest

xal

/?ap6*apotbarbariaua

the

6

for there-is (a)

numerous

army

park.

'They

also

'request-yoa

(a)

guard

to

the

bridge

of-the

river

as

Tissaphernes

'down

in-the

night,

^,he-can,

designed

to-'break

it

if

go-that you-'can

not

BOOKhiaS^Ts,cruss,

but (will be)

^intercepted

. CHAPTERin

IV.

139

roCtheriver

xaiandthe

6.canal.to

middle (space between)

ratirathese

(things)

they- lead

him

xalandtold

a(him)

what

.he-s{iid.

But

and

^ ?Hearing

;^^^>7hearing(this)

xal

'was

greatly

'agitated

.for

Clearchus,

Clearchue

alarmed.

said,

,;thill

But a-certaiu young-man of-those

the

onthat

^.^avif

^r-

^-'^,ovxnotconsistent.

nu;- ..!y the

making-an-attack, but-also the

^)^.!'bridge

were

attacking

(us) it-will-be-necessary either

. 8presentmight-fleej

having-reflected (thereon)

xai

tobreaking

6yj/U>v

For

(it is)

evident

ovvIf

to-be-conquered.

is-the-necessity for-them to-brcak-down the

there-were

many

tieeiug

conquer

'have

1

'will

Icing

ike

'8 ^ /^ ^ ^ .wemight-save(ourselves).

, ^.bridges,

therefore

indeed they-should-conquer, what

,6 ;to-conqueror

bridge?

neither

would

we-have

where

But

if

we

ovj^not

the

bridge

having-been-destroyed, they-'would

otXjol

where

they

|

neither

indeed

[nor]

none

[will

any] (of their friends) on-the-other-side (of the river)

(ever so)

many

'be-able

to- assist

thorn,

bridge

being-destroyed.

140

THE ANABASIS OF XENOPIION.

the

Clearchus

having-lieard

Sethese(things)

asked

Z73^>7the-truth;

Ovxhe-said:

not

(those)

, ^to-speak

therefore,

he-said,

,^?) ,1

52

THE ANABASIS OF XEXOPHON.

who,

7/friendshipexisting

such-great

(inducements) to

yjuagendeavourto-makeus

7?.ini-

to-u8,

calumniating

,^ ^mical(to

one another)

are

(they not)

worthy

^^to-sufifer

tho

;^;captains

KatAnd

extreme

(of punishment)

?

I

indeed at-least

olthe

Tissaphernes,

if

'you as-also

generals

'will

come

to-me

in

(a)

(manner), I-vill-mention

(those)

telling

army

(TV

xai

you are-coDspiring-against me,

And

,I,

and

the

with

said

6

K?Japo,Clearchus,

xaiand7tpi about

av

,

.you.

in-return 'will-declare to-you,

whence

^

will-bring (them)

, , . ,xaiandme,mc.(reports)

said

6

the

public

that

all,

I

hear

hri Afterthese

speeches

6

Tissa-

, 7., ^. .8 ^ ^,Torephernes treating-him-in-a-friendly-and-courteous-manner, then

7.requestedto

not-only

xai

indeed

him

to-remain,

but-also

made-him

(a)

companion-at-supper.

But

on-the following-day

6

Clearchus,

going

the

camp,

was

evidently not-only

thinking

'affected

^^,

(that)

Tissaphernes

was

very

kindly

xai(towards him), but-also

aannounced

what

he

Ttapato-goto

Sad-mentioned; he-said (that) not-only (those) ought

evil-disposed to-the

xal

both (as) forming-a-party against-himself, and (as)

80-that having-secured the

he-might-bo

, ,^^, ^ ^ ^, , ^. ^,BOOKII.

CHAPTER

V.

153

tCdv

'^Greeks,

Tissapherues,

whom

he-called, but-also (those) of-the

ot

av

who might

be-convictcd

(as)

calumniating

(their

countrymen),

npo^oragtraitors

(that)

those

are-to-oe-punished

as

being

and

^,.Greeks.

For

he-suspected (that)

tovthe

xai

was

calumniator,

even having-known

8

Menon

avrovhim

(as)

having-been-with

Tissaphernes

(in

company) with

AriiBUS,

xai

intriguing,

entire

army

for

himself

xaialso

(a)

friend

to-Tissaphernes.

But

archus

wished

(their)

minds

ing

to-be

removed-away.

, ^.totheentirefor

army

to-have

xaiand

him,

(those)

molest-

6

Cle-

But

some

of-the

spoke-in-opposition to-him, [Clearchus], (that)

xaitains

and

should-they-trust Tissaphernes.

(;^)(rehemently

until

%nd twenty

.' ^generals

',

Ttavragall

'should not

,'go, five

the

contendedgenerals

soldiers

cap-

-^(and that) neither

But

Clearchus

he-obtained

indeed

8;

xaialso (some) of-the

captains

-go (nith him)

and

154

other

(>soldiers

THE ANABASIS OF XENOPhON.

as-if (going) to

phcrnes,

,When(these were)

,

.market.

hiaxouLOL

about two-hundred

^raigof

followed

Ss

indeed they- were

olthe

Proxenus

Agias

(the)

, ,, ',at

the

generals

indeed

-^ ,gates

Tissa-

were-invited

within,

(the)

Boeotian,

Menon

(the)

Thessalian,

',-

crates

talgthe

.the

same

but-also

some

^ "of-the

8slave

., , 8Ovhkgates.

. ',(the)signal,

''Arcadian,

Clearchus

6butthe

Achaean;

Not

long

indeed

'

not-only

(those) within

, ^captainsafter,

(the)

Lacedajmonian, (and) So-

remained

at

rovthe

at

were-seized,

ol

(those) withoutcavalry

were-killed.

And

after

this

Sia

'of (the)

^;Greekthe

'barbarians,

plainyj

;

whatever

they-might-meet,

or

freeman

they-killed (them)

.all.

riding

throughyj

either

oi But the

Greeks

riding-about

Tt

what they-were-doing,

' ^, , 'observing

from

of-them 'were not-only 'astonished, but-also

nplvuntil

.jcing-pierced

in

the

^ , ,camp

(this)

xai

doubted

Nicarchus (an) Arcadian came

fleeing,

belly,

|

and

having

the

fi^Tfpa iyintestines

^^^',

in

(his)

hands, [and holding back the intestines with

hu

iiands],

,xaland related

>7

ol

indeed the

. ^^BOOKII.

CHAPTER(that)

V.

155toiyroUponthis

navraall

had-occurred.

Greeks

ran

to

(their)

arms

ali

being-struck

(with consternation),

aiViVa

they

'will

immediately

"'come

xaland

thinking

rbagainst the

Oi

^All

indeed 'did not

Artiiozus

*to-Cyrus;

xaland

8but thethe

he-saw

^interpreter

^^,'go,

^, 8oi

but (only)

^. ^Aria2ussaid (that)

(that)

camp.

and

Tticrorarot.werethe-most-faithful

Mithradates,

who

of-the

brother

of-Tissaphernes

xaland(that)

8he-knew(him);three-hundred

and

to-the-number-of

;3^^.panied-them.

OvToi,These,

when they-were

After

equipped-with-corselets

^,,Greeks

7,

also

with

them,

xalalso

others 'of (the) 'Persians

accom-

eiif

near,

requested,

\

there-were either

^, ^,Greeks,

'

, ,^^ -'(them) to-come-forth,that they-may-deliver-a-message

from (the)

. '^anyking.

general

or

captain

of-the

5this

(the)

generals

of-the

Greeks,

namely

Cleanor

(the)

Orchomenian,

and

Sophaenetus

(the)

Stymphalian,

went-forth

, ^them,that

(and with precaution), Xenophon

(the)

Athenian

(went) also

he-might-learn

(something) about

Ttfpt

8

guarded

with*

Proxenus

156

(Cheirisophus

- ,-, ;^,Tpith|

village

( $ .)'

THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON.

tLvX8

happened

being-absent [was absent] at

others

seeking-for-provisions.)

But

they-stood

Clearchus

'appeared committing-perjury,

has-received

"

,in

hearing

(distance)

Ariaeus

spoke

'whenthustruce,

^^ '^>7,menGreeks,since 'he not-only

indeed,

ragthe

GTtovbcLg

but-also breaking

(bis)

xai

6,plot,

Proxenua

and

are

, .-^ ?^xaiandjust-punishment,died;

^]'the

but

otl

Menon,

because

they-denounced

the

in

great

honour.

And

king

demands

of-you

|

(j'our)

arms;

for

says-he

|

to-be

yjaavof-him[they are his]

because

they-were of-Cyrus

longed to Cyrus]

betraying

^^ ^, , ^ ^?^Cleanor(ncr) (or)this

;the

tov ^ov?^ovslave

(and subject) of-himself.

.:

[because they be-

'^?.Greeks

((for

the

answer

6

/)

*

^1

the

Orchomenian

spoke) (for them)

?^

most-wicked

of-men,

and

^

Arireus,

the

others as-many-as were

fnenda

of-Cyrus,

do-'you not

'respect

(neither)

(either) (the)

gods

ovr

men,

who

having-sworn

to-consider

those

friends

and

enemies

to-us

(to

be the same to you),

us

with

Tissaphernes

the

most-godles

reandalso

avh^ag,very-samo

,,^BOOKII.

CHAPTER

V.

157te

most-crafty,

you-bave-destroyed not-only

men,

fraying

'

|

us

'said

,with

against

us

For

; ^ ;^to->vhom you-swore,but-also

xai

deserting-and-be-

)-

the

the

other

[us,

who

are left]

have-come

(our)

enemies?

But

6

AriiBus

Clearehus

evidently

was

before

76?.}plottiug-against

Tissaphernes

ToZgagainst-usall

with

8'Xenophonspokethus

. , ;^$'Opovrct.Oroutes

xaiand

and

also

these.

After

this

Clearehus

indeed

he-has-broken the

truce

contrary

to

(his)

hixYiv(liis)

just-punishment;'

for

, '^ ,(those) perjuring-themselves;

8

but

since

they-are indeed

your

,it-is-just

^therefore,if

oaths

he-has

to-destroy

Proxenus

and-also

Menon

6andour

benefactors,

8' yaphither jfor

^,clear,

generals,

send

them

oTi,that,

being at-least friends

to-both

to-advise

the

best

both

olAfter

time

with-one-another,

>7 '^this

the

b.arbarians,

^for-you

(it is)

(parties), they-will-endeavour

xaiand

.

for-us.

having-conversed

for-a-long

ovSkv.having-answerednothing.

departed,

14

158

THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON.

I

, ^^,^' ?CHAPTERSyj,

VI.

Ot arparriyoLgenerals

ovrathus

TuE

indeed,

taken

(prisonert\

xai

were-taken-up

to

(the)

king,

and

'having

one

(theiry

beads

of-them

?^ 6?.Clearchus

(those)

to-be

xaiand

as-long-as indeed there-was

against

. .^ ',avrov,havingexperimentally (a knowledge) of-him,|

^to be] (a)

'cut-oflF

died;

indeed

by-general-account

of

all

having-appeared

xal

[seemed

man

both

extremely addicted-to-war

xalalso

Sr;

-fond-of-military (affairs

and

enterprises).

For

truly

-

war

with-the

Lacedaemonians

the

Athenians,

he-remained (with the Lacedaemonians).

But

Avhen

peace

took-place having-persuaded the|

city

avTov

^of-himselfas-well-ash^phori

ol[having persuaded Sparta, his

'^,Greeks,the

were-committing-injuries on-the

on the war)

^ "he-couldhe-sailed

iSvvaTo Ttapafrom

as

about-making-war against-the

xaiand

above (the)

Chersonesus

' ^ ^.xaiandhaving-obtained

city,]

that

the

Thraciane

Ephori

(the

means

to carry

Thracians

ol

Perinthus.

But

when

the

//'',hebeing

'having some-how 'changed-their-minds,

BOOK

II.

CHAPTER

^;

now without (their jurisdiction), they-endeavoured

,for

'back from (the) Isthmus,

'but

^, ^^there

^VI.to-'tura

he-'did not-any-longer

And

in

" ^^ ^, ^. , ,TiTJcivsailing

^'^

fi$to (the)

Caway)

he-proceeded

^avrovhim

159

^,^now

'obey.

Hellespout

Kat

iutobythe magistrates

thiu

he-was-condcmned-to-death

TTi

Sparta,

as

being-disobedient

But being

(an)

xaCandindeed

exile,

he-goes

to

Cyrus,

by-what

'darics.to

discourses

(and means)

he-persuaded

8. ^,in-anotlier-place;

8Cyrustaking

^'gave

Cyrus

and

And who

(this

sum) 'did

idleness,

rovrcdvthis-s