wsp_payden

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Water Safety Plans – Water Safety Plans – Experiences from the South-Experiences from the South-East Asia RegionEast Asia Region

Payden, Payden, Regional Advisor,Regional Advisor,Water, Sanitation & HealthWater, Sanitation & HealthWorld Health Organization,World Health Organization,South East Asia Region.South East Asia Region.

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Current challengesCurrent challenges

• About 60 percent of people in South-East Asia do About 60 percent of people in South-East Asia do not have access to sanitationnot have access to sanitation

• About 84 percent of the region have access to About 84 percent of the region have access to water supply, however water delivered at the taps water supply, however water delivered at the taps is not always safe to drinkis not always safe to drink

• 1.1 millions deaths due to diarrhoea annually in 1.1 millions deaths due to diarrhoea annually in South-East Asia mostly childrenSouth-East Asia mostly children

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Key drivers for water safety plansKey drivers for water safety plans

• It is estimated that about 88% of diarrheal It is estimated that about 88% of diarrheal diseases can be prevented through safe water, diseases can be prevented through safe water, sanitation and good hygienesanitation and good hygiene

• MDGs for drinking water and sanitationMDGs for drinking water and sanitation

• Access to safe water and sanitation declared as Access to safe water and sanitation declared as basic human rightbasic human right

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Key drivers for water safety plansKey drivers for water safety plans

• WHO guidelines – emphasis on risk WHO guidelines – emphasis on risk assessment and risk managementassessment and risk management

• WSP piloted in 15 countries and implemented WSP piloted in 15 countries and implemented in 20 countriesin 20 countries

• Global collaboration – WHO, IWA, AusAID, Global collaboration – WHO, IWA, AusAID, CDC, UN-Habitat, ADB, UNICEF CDC, UN-Habitat, ADB, UNICEF

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What is a Water Safety PlanWhat is a Water Safety Plan

• A documented plan that:A documented plan that:– IdentifiesIdentifies hazards, assesses risks from hazards, assesses risks from

catchment to consumercatchment to consumer– PrioritizesPrioritizes risks – focuses on highest risks risks – focuses on highest risks– MitigatesMitigates risks through control measuresrisks through control measures

• Moving away from reliance on Moving away from reliance on outputoutput monitoring - monitoring - i.e. measuring parameters in final wateri.e. measuring parameters in final water

• More More inputinput monitoring – i.e. measuring parameters monitoring – i.e. measuring parameters showing that the system is workingshowing that the system is working

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In simple terms, WSP means:In simple terms, WSP means:

1. What are the risks?

2. How do we control the risks?

3. How do we know the risks are

under control?

Continuous cycle

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Preparation of WSPs – refer to WHO Preparation of WSPs – refer to WHO manualmanual

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Why do we need WSPsWhy do we need WSPs

Hazard (contaminant): Salmonella

Hazardous event (cause):Pigeons nesting on a water tank roofTank roof was not sealed and pigeon faeces washed into the tankThere was a concentration of Salmonella bacteria in the water tank sediment and at the surfaceThe water tank rapidly drained into the distribution system during a flushing event and chlorine residual was not maintained

Effect~ 500 ill from town of 1,1047 Dead

Gideon, Missouri, 1993Gideon, Missouri, 1993

Source: Presentation of Mr Asoka Jayaratne, Water Quality SpecialistYarra Valley Water,Melbourne, Australia

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Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 1993

• Hazard (contaminant): Hazard (contaminant): – CryptosporidiumCryptosporidium oocysts oocysts

• Hazardous event (cause):Hazardous event (cause):– Runoff from heavy spring rains Runoff from heavy spring rains – Carrying sewage into Lake Michigan Carrying sewage into Lake Michigan

(from which raw water was drawn)(from which raw water was drawn)– Coagulation problems on the filtration Coagulation problems on the filtration

system in Milwaukee’s Southern water system in Milwaukee’s Southern water treatment planttreatment plant

• Effect: Effect: – 400,000 ill from 1.2 million in city400,000 ill from 1.2 million in city– 100 dead100 dead– US$96.2 millionUS$96.2 million

www.ionizers.org/images/cryptosporidium.jpg acd 2 March 2006


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www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol5no1/altek2b.jpg

www.ehagroup.com/epidemiology/illnesses/images/e-coli-0157-h7-C.jpg acd 2 March 2006

Hazard (contaminant): Hazard (contaminant): E. coliE. coli O157:H7 O157:H7 Campylobacter jejuniCampylobacter jejuni

Hazardous event (cause):Hazardous event (cause):Heaving Spring rainsHeaving Spring rainsCow manure washed into the wellCow manure washed into the wellNo on line monitoringNo on line monitoringFailure to chlorinateFailure to chlorinateWater supplied by local water utilityWater supplied by local water utilityOperators, managers & government Operators, managers & government cutbacks found responsiblecutbacks found responsible

EffectEffect– 2,300 ill 2,300 ill – 7 Dead7 Dead– $ $ C$155 millionC$155 million


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• Recontamination in the distribution lines Recontamination in the distribution lines and at the household leveland at the household level

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• Increasing risks of water quality – Increasing risks of water quality – microbiological as well as chemicals from microbiological as well as chemicals from agricultural and industrial activitiesagricultural and industrial activities

• Increased awareness among consumers – the Increased awareness among consumers – the need to have safe waterneed to have safe water

• Typhoid and cholera outbreaks in many Typhoid and cholera outbreaks in many countries – due to (re)contamination of watercountries – due to (re)contamination of water

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Success stories from BangladeshSuccess stories from Bangladesh• The Government approved Water Safety The Government approved Water Safety

Framework Framework • National Vetting Guidelines put in place - National Vetting Guidelines put in place -

requires all new water projects to include WSPsrequires all new water projects to include WSPs• Mayor of Chandpur Mayor of Chandpur Municipality – advocator Municipality – advocator of WSPsof WSPs• WSP implemented in 10 WSP implemented in 10 urban supplies, 15 rural urban supplies, 15 rural supplies and point supplies and point sources in two districtssources in two districts

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Bangladesh – Daragram rural water Bangladesh – Daragram rural water supplysupply

• Improved Improved management management

• Water from tap Water from tap is safe to drinkis safe to drink

• Cleanliness of Cleanliness of houses and houses and village village improvedimprovedWater safety plan of daragram rural water Water safety plan of daragram rural water

supplysupply

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Bangladesh - Chandpur Municipal Bangladesh - Chandpur Municipal water supplywater supply

• Piloted in one zone – will be replicated to other Piloted in one zone – will be replicated to other zones next few years to make it into a model WSPzones next few years to make it into a model WSP

• Leaking distribution lines were repaired, simple Leaking distribution lines were repaired, simple measures were taken to prevent birds and insects measures were taken to prevent birds and insects getting into the reservoirgetting into the reservoir

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Bangladesh- Kapaura village (46 Bangladesh- Kapaura village (46 shallow tubewells)shallow tubewells)

• Mass campaign for proper collection of water from Mass campaign for proper collection of water from handpumps and safe storage handpumps and safe storage

• Raised awareness regarding linkage between safe Raised awareness regarding linkage between safe water practices and diseaseswater practices and diseases

• Latrines close to water point were movedLatrines close to water point were moved

• Tube well platform were repaired and raised Tube well platform were repaired and raised

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Success stories from BhutanSuccess stories from Bhutan

•Policy level changes – WSP included in rural Policy level changes – WSP included in rural water policywater policy

•WSP implemented in 5 urban supplies and WSP implemented in 5 urban supplies and 50 rural supplies50 rural supplies

•WSP Quality assurance tool developedWSP Quality assurance tool developed

•WSP facilitation guide for rural supplies – WSP facilitation guide for rural supplies – participatory approachparticipatory approach

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Bhutan – Haa town water supplyBhutan – Haa town water supply

• Planting of trees in the water source to prevent drying Planting of trees in the water source to prevent drying of sourceof source

• Protection of water source and reservoir from animals Protection of water source and reservoir from animals and humans- fencing and humans- fencing

• Repair of exposed and leaky distribution linesRepair of exposed and leaky distribution lines

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Bhutan- Chanachen rural water Bhutan- Chanachen rural water supplysupply

• Community participation in preparing water safety Community participation in preparing water safety plansplans

• Shifting responsibility of O&M to communitiesShifting responsibility of O&M to communities• Too much pressure in the pipeline – break pressure Too much pressure in the pipeline – break pressure

valve installed valve installed

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Success stories from IndiaSuccess stories from India

• Piloted in Hyderabad water systemPiloted in Hyderabad water system

• Pilot in progress in Nagpur municipal water Pilot in progress in Nagpur municipal water system system

• 11stst WSP hands-on training conducted in Nagpur WSP hands-on training conducted in Nagpur jointly with National Environmental Engineering jointly with National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) in July 2011Research Institute (NEERI) in July 2011

• Spin-off effect to Bangalore and Mumbai citiesSpin-off effect to Bangalore and Mumbai cities

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Benefits of WSP – seen from initial Benefits of WSP – seen from initial experiences in the Regionexperiences in the Region

• Improves water quality – reduces water borne diseases

• Reduces maintenance cost and cost of treating water at home

• Improves sustainability of water supply system• Better planning for rehabilitation/expansion of water

supply system• Address water management and sanitation at the

household level• Principles applicable to any type of water system

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Thank you!!Thank you!!

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