Workshop on Water Resources Demand Management Learning Forums for Irrigation

Thailand country report

Department of Water Resources and Royal Irrigation department

prepare by

Present by Dr. Kanapoj Wandee

CURRENT STATUS of WATER RESOURCES DEMAND

CONDITIONS and DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES

LocationThailand has total area of 514,008 square kilometer or about 321 million rai. Thailand is located in Southeast Asia slightly above the equator. It is between latitude 5 degrees 37 minutes North and 20 Degrees 27 minutes north and between longitude97 degrees 22 minutes east and longitude 105 degrees 37 minutes east.

61.5

62

62.5

63

63.5

64

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

year

million

people

number of population in Thailand

Source : National Statistical Office 2011

Topography-Northern area is mountainous complex where it is originated rivers of the country. -Northeastern is of the plateau. Soil conditions are dry and not conducive to crop development.-Central is plain where can be considered as an important rice growing areas of the world -Southern part flanked by the sea on both sides. - western is valleys and ridges of the mountain.

Climate and Hydrological Data - The climate is tropical. There are two main seasons which are wet season (May-Oct) and dry season (Nov-Apr). All area of the country is under the influence of the monsoon in both seasons.

- Annual average temperature is around 18-34 degrees Celsius

-Total average annual runoff was 213,423 million cubic meter which occurs during wet season 85.7% and during dry season 14.3%.

-Average annual rainfall was 1,432 mm.

-Annual rainfall was vary form 700-5,500 mm.

Hydrological Cycle in Thailand

Potential storage

76,131 million m.3

Runoff 213,423 million m.3

Ground water used 3,500 million m.3 /

year

Evaporation and deep percolation 522,636 million

m.3 per year

Average total rainfall 1,432 mm. per year or 736,059 mil. M3 per

year

Total catchment Area 514,008 sq.km

(321 million rai)

Irrigation area 32 million rai(24.4%)

Area outside irrigation project 99 million rai

(75.6%)

Types of land use in Thailand

- agriculture about 131 million rai (40.8%) composed of irrigation area 32 million rai and rainfed area 99 million rai - forest 104 million rai (32.4%) - unclassified land 86 million rai (26.8%)

River Basin Management

Each basin has been managed by River Basin Committee

- Propose of policies and work plans to the NWRC

- Formulation of RB WRM plans and financial plans

- Set priority, quantity and measures of RB water allocation

- Support, suggest, monitor and evaluate to Local Administrative Organization-LAO.

- Conflicts elimination and problems solving- Coordination with other related RBCs in

terms of WRM- Public relation, public hearing and

participatory creations

The Obligations of this committee

Demand Forecasts/ Predictions for future

Water demand in Thailand can be classified into 4 main categories as follows: 1, water demand for agriculture 2, water demand for consumption and tourism 3, water demand for industries 4, water demand for preserving ecosystems.

Water demand

2009 2014

Unit : MCM

Total demand 76,563 Total demand 79,685

Demand Forecasts/ Predictions for future

Water Balance in the Future

Expand Agricultural Area to 53 Million raiCurrent Agricultural Area, + Increased Demand forDomestice Use, Tourism, & IndustryCase 2 + Incresed Water Use Efficiency 10%3

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Storage

Total Water Demand

Effective Storage

1

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c) What adaptation measures for demand conditions are in place or in planning? - Water fee according to amount of water

use are in planning, nowadays the water for irrigation is free of charge, the water fee is charged to water for industries and consumption.

-Water fee for water use in difference season are in planning.

-Supporting good operation and maintenance are in place. The operation and maintenance usually support by government especially irrigation projects and some of irrigation projects were managed by water user association. In the irrigation project, here is government policy to promote water user participation.

d) What demand mitigation measures, if any, are in place or in planning?

For industrial sectors, the Factory Department tried to promote water reduce reuse, recycle where normally in industry sectors are in place. In manufacture process water can be reuse to clean floor, the using hand control valve for flushing process, recirculation of water and water treatment for reuse water.

Sanity wares for saving are in place. The private sectors try to invent the products such as sanity ware, tab for saving water.

d) What demand mitigation measures, if any, are in place or in planning?

In the water supply sectors, the Metropolitan Water Works who supply water consumption for Bangkok and vicinity has charge progressive water tariff which mean that people who use more water have pay more. The Metropolitan Water works try to reduce water lose in the pipe systems, whereas it set the target to reduce lose at 30% in the year 2006 and maintain this value until 2017

d) What demand mitigation measures, if any, are in place or in planning?

For agricultural sectors, the ministry of agriculture and cooperative has promote the systematize rice cultivation projects. This project aims are as follows:- To stop continuous rice growing - To set up rice growing zone in irrigated area- To save irrigated water supply - To stop the pest life cycle- To preserve the rice ecosystem

d) What demand mitigation measures, if any, are in place or in planning? For implementation are cooperation between many

organization in the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative and the steps implementation are as follows,

1.The officer arranges the public hearing to explain the detail about any changes in the rice cropping system to the farmers.

2. survey and analyze the data of the plant field Crop/Green Manure requirement of the farmers.

3.provide the type of field crop such as bean, corn and so on and green manure was done by Department of Agriculture (DOA) and Department of Livestock Development (DLD)

4. provide the training program for the farmers was done by Department of Agriculture Extension (DOAE)

5. provide the market for production of field crop /green manure was done by Cooperative Promotion Department ( CPD)

e) What demand response plans are in place? – and are these connected to food security

programs, among others?In crease efficiency of water use in agricultural

sectors by changing cropping pattern 2-3 crops per year or 5 crops per 2 years to 2 crops per year whereas during dry season farmers will cultivate field crops, which need less water than rice. Also limit area for growing rice. Therefore there will be enough water for the down steam for cultivation, consumption, industry and preserving ecosystems at the down stream of the river basin. Hence the production of food at down stream can be done in appropriate way due to enough amount of water for cultivation at the down stream. So this management may increase food security especially in the down stream of the river basin.

f) What demand recovery plans are in place or being planned?

Water demand recovery such as water right, water pricing or construction more storage or water user compensation is in planning. There is no water law or regulation to specify water right and still there are no process for negotiation between water user groups at upstream and down stream river basin. Water regulation for allocation water in the basin is manipulated by government but still not clear water right or amount that each water user can get and no guarantee of the amount and time of water that available.

In practical for the industry sectors at their factory usually there will be water storage pond for using at least 4 months during the dry seasons (from January to April).

Farmer may face with water shortage during the dry season because every farmer want to grow rice during the dry period incase the rice price is high. While government tried to convince them to limit rice growing area.

f) What demand recovery plans are in place or being planned?

End of presentation

Thank you very much For your attention